Matrimony vine organic and inorganic compound fertilizer and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of composite organic-inorganic fertilizer, organic-inorganic compound fertilizer of particularly a kind of matrimony vine special use and preparation method thereof belongs to the fertilizer production technology field.
Background technology
Matrimony vine is a liver-kidney tonifying Chinese medicine commonly used simply, modern medicine study confirms that it contains nutritive ingredients such as trimethyl-glycine polysaccharide, crude fat, crude protein, carotene, VITAMIN and calcium, phosphorus, iron, zinc, manganese, linolic acid, hemopoietic function there is promoter action, can also be anti-ageing, anti-mutation, antitumor, anti-fatty liveranti-fatty liver and effect such as hypoglycemic.
In the medlar cultivation management, the rational application of fertilizer is the important measures that improve output, improve quality.In recent years, in order to devote exclusive attention to output, blindness is applied fertilizer, excessive fertilization is serious, causes the soil nutrient imbalance, the fertilization effect variation.According to investigations, matrimony vine garden mould earth alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, quick-acting potassium content are consistent or close with general arable land substantially, but organic, full nitrogen and available phosphorus content are ploughed far above food crop.Consequently the nitrogenous fertilizer production-increasing function is little, and the phosphate fertilizer volume increase is unstable, and utilization rate of fertilizer is low, and economic benefit descends.Reason comprises two aspects, the one, and the peasant lacks the rudimentary knowledge of matrimony vine fertilising, and they do not understand matrimony vine needs and soil nutrient status, and it is not right that fertilizer type is selected.The 2nd, after soil nutrient reached certain level, the principal element of restriction matrimony vine output converted soil fertility to by nutrient content.So-called soil fertility is meant that soil can supply and coordinate the ability of water, fertilizer, gas, heat.Use chemical fertilizer and only provide nutritive ingredient, application of organic fertilizers then can promote soil granular to form, and improves Soil structure, helps coordinating the balance of the soil water, gas, heat, thereby improves the soil comprehensive fertility, guarantees high yield, stable yields.Under current production level, according to nutrient demand and the soil nutrient status of matrimony vine, using organic and inorganic compound fertilizer is the effective measure that improve the matrimony vine Fertilization Level, improve fertilizer utilization efficiency, increase matrimony vine output and economic benefit.Do not see relevant report at present.
The fertilizer practice that CN1962566A (CN200610149036.1) discloses four kinds of matrimony vine composite fertilizer specials and four kinds of liquid fertilizers and matched with it.With urea, double superhosphate, vitriolate of tartar is raw material, and four kinds of N, P, K proportioning diverse concentrated type matrimony vine composite fertilizer special and fertilizer practices thereof of using in the different steps of matrimony vine growth fertility are provided.This fertilizer belongs to mineral manure.
Summary of the invention
At the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides composite organic-inorganic fertilizer of a kind of matrimony vine special use and preparation method thereof.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is according to nutrition absorption characteristic and matrimony vine main producing region soil characteristic and nutrient situation in the matrimony vine year breeding cycle, fertilizer is designed to quick-acting, slow and organic three parts, make the fertilizer of being invented to make full use of the original nutrient of soil, can improve the nutrientuse efficiency of fertilizer own again, and accomplish disposable employed, needn't topdress.Reaching increases matrimony vine output, improves the matrimony vine quality, the purpose of increasing economic efficiency.
Detailed Description Of The Invention
A kind of matrimony vine organic and inorganic compound fertilizer is made up of available nutrient fertilizer, slow nutrient fertilizer, fertile three parts of organic nutrient, and raw materials quality part is composed as follows:
5~25 parts of available nutrient fertilizer; 30~60 parts of slow nutrient fertilizer; 30~50 parts of organic nutrient fertilizer;
Described available nutrient fertilizer is to make 2~4 millimeters of particle diameters by the prior art granulation after 1~9 part in urea, 2~11 parts of monoammonium phosphates, 1~5 part of mixing of vitriolate of tartar.
Described slow nutrient fertilizer is with 7~15 parts in ammonium sulfate, 2~6 parts of monoammonium phosphates, 5~10 parts of mixing of vitriolate of tartar, this compound is mixed with the weathered coal of equivalent again, places 16~24 hours, makes 2~4 millimeters of particle diameters then by the prior art granulation.
Described organic nutrient fertilizer is a kind of biological degradation dregs of fat fertilizer, make by the following method: by mass parts, get 100~150 parts of fermentation of bacillus subtilis liquid, separate in 1000 parts of dregs of fat of 100~150 parts of addings of the inferior sieve yeast fermentation broth of fat, regulate moisture content 45~55wt%, pH 6.5~7.0, fully mixing is controlled 35 ℃~40 ℃ of material temperature, places 6~8 hours; Feed steam, timing when temperature rises to 100 ℃ kept 25~35 minutes; Add 80~110 parts of geotrichum candidum fermented liquids, 90~120 parts of plant lactobacillus fermented liquids again, regulate moisture content 45~50wt%, pH 7.5~8.0, and fully mixing is controlled 35 ℃~40 ℃ of material temperature, places 4~6 hours; Material must ferment.With the fermentation material that makes by the prior art granulation, 2~4 millimeters of particle diameters.The preparation method of relevant biological degradation dregs of fat fertilizer is referring to CN101863686A (201010194388.5) " a kind of preparation method of biodegradable oil residue fertilizer ".The present invention quotes the full text of this patent document as prior art.Wherein,
Fermentation of bacillus subtilis liquid, separate the inferior sieve yeast fermentation broth of fat, geotrichum candidum fermented liquid, plant lactobacillus preparation of fermentation liquid with A, B, C in embodiment 1 step (3) as preferred method.
The described dregs of fat are that the plant oil pressing factory utilizes squeezing process that raw material is pushed, comes unstuck and produce remaining residue behind the edible oil, comprise soya-bean oil slag, the peanut dregs of fat, the cottonseed dregs of fat or the Semen Brassicae campestris dregs of fat etc., can select one of them for use, use also capable of being combined.
Described weathered coal is that to stand comprehensive actions such as atmosphere, sunlight, sleet, underground water and mineral substance erosion for a long time be the product of weathering to brown coal, bituminous coal and the hard coal of the face of land or shallow-layer, the nutritive element that contains abundant humic acids and various crop needs, granularity≤80 mesh sieves, the commercially available prod.
Above-mentioned, urea, monoammonium phosphate, vitriolate of tartar, ammonium sulfate, commercially available prod, all choice of powder shape.
According to the present invention, preferred, the matrimony vine organic and inorganic compound fertilizer, raw materials quality part is composed as follows:
14~16 parts of available nutrient fertilizer; 43~47 parts of slow nutrient fertilizer; 38~42 parts of organic nutrient fertilizer; Wherein,
Available nutrient fertilizer is that 4.5~5.5 parts in urea, 6.5~7.5 parts of monoammonium phosphates, 2.5~3.5 parts of mixing granulations of vitriolate of tartar make, slow nutrient fertilizer is that the compound with 7.5~8.5 parts of 10~11 parts in ammonium sulfate, 4.5~5.5 parts of monoammonium phosphates and vitriolate of tartar mixes with the weathered coal of this compound equivalent, placed 20 hours, granulation makes.
The preparation method of matrimony vine organic and inorganic compound fertilizer of the present invention, step is as follows:
(1) preparation of available nutrient fertilizer: get urea, monoammonium phosphate, vitriolate of tartar by proportioning and mix the back and make 2~4 millimeters of particle diameters by the prior art granulation.
(2) preparation of slow nutrient fertilizer: get ammonium sulfate, monoammonium phosphate, vitriolate of tartar mixing by proportioning, get compound; Get again that weathered coal with mass parts such as this compound adds and abundant mixing, spray moisture, make that moisture content reaches 25~35wt% in the material, placed 8~12 hours; Turning was placed 8~12 hours again.Make 2~4 millimeters of particle diameters by the prior art granulation.
(3) preparation of organic nutrient fertilizer:
By mass parts, get 100~150 parts of fermentation of bacillus subtilis liquid, separate in 1000 parts of dregs of fat of 100~150 parts of addings of the inferior sieve yeast fermentation broth of fat, regulate moisture content 45~55wt%, pH 6.5~7.0, fully mixing is controlled 35 ℃~40 ℃ of material temperature, places 6~8 hours; Feed steam, timing when temperature rises to 100 ℃ kept 25~35 minutes.
By mass parts, get 80~110 parts of geotrichum candidum fermented liquids, 90~120 parts of plant lactobacillus fermented liquids, join in the dregs of fat after step (2) is handled, regulate moisture content 45~50wt%, pH 7.5~8.0, fully mixing, 35 ℃~40 ℃ of control material temperature were placed 4~6 hours; Material must ferment.With the fermentation material that makes by the prior art granulation, 2~4 millimeters of particle diameters.
(4) the organic nutrient fertilizer of the slow nutrient fertilizer of the available nutrient fertilizer of above-mentioned steps (1) preparation, step (2) preparation, step (3) preparation being put into stirrer by proportioning stirs and promptly gets product of the present invention.
The application of matrimony vine organic and inorganic compound fertilizer of the present invention, fertilizing method be, digs dressing furrow before matrimony vine rudiment in spring on 25~35 centimetres of circumferential lines of trunk, 25~35 centimetres of ditch depths, with this fertilizer with apply in the hole after the soil of 2~4 times of weights mixes.Earthing, water.Other management is carried out according to a conventional method.150~250 kilograms of every mu of consumptions of this fertilizer.Applied once no longer imposes.
Excellent results of the present invention is as follows:
1. quick-acting, middle effects, long-acting combining
In fertilizer of the present invention, by nutrient the fertilizer efficiency speed of matrimony vine is divided and to be divided into three kinds of situations, be quick-acting parts, middle effect part (slow part) and long-acting part (organic moiety), only this a kind of fertilizer can satisfy the nutrient requirement of different developmental phases in the matrimony vine year breeding cycle.Fertilizer application frequency reduces, and saves labor capacity, improves utilization rate of fertilizer, has remarkable economic efficiency.
2. organic-inorganic combination is increase soil fertility
The sign of fertile soil is not only the nutrient content height, also is embodied in the ability of reconciling water, gas, heat.Special-purpose fertile contain simultaneously required various nutritive elements of matrimony vine and high-quality organism that the present invention produced, be manured into soil and both can improve nutrient, also can promote the formation of soil aggregate, strengthen the ability of soil water-retaining, guarantor's fertilizer and conciliation water, gas, heat, increase soil fertility.
3. nutrient reasonable ratio
Matrimony vine organic and inorganic compound fertilizer of the present invention be according to different growth phases in the matrimony vine year breeding cycle to nutrient demand, select for use different nutritive substances accurately to cooperate and form, the nutrient reasonable ratio in each period, with strong points.
Embodiment
The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment, but be not limited thereto.Raw material consumption umber among the embodiment is mass parts, and all per-cents are mass percent.
Weathered coal: Wuhai City, the Inner Mongol is covered commerce and trade company limited of Tang product and is sold; The soya-bean oil dregs of fat and the peanut oil dregs of fat are remaining residue behind Shandong wide life limited-liability company production soya-bean oil and the peanut grease.
Bacterial classification used among the embodiment is: subtilis (Bacillus Subtilis) Chinese industrial microbial preservation administrative center bacterial classification catalog number 10210, separate inferior sieve yeast (Yarrowia lipolytica) the Chinese industrial microbial preservation of fat administrative center bacterial classification catalog number 1444, geotrichum candidum (Geotrichum candidum) Chinese industrial microbial preservation administrative center bacterial classification catalog number 31418, plant lactobacillus (Lactobacillus piantarum) Chinese industrial microbial preservation administrative center bacterial classification catalog number 6026, Chinese industrial microbial strains preservation administrative center buys.
Embodiment 1: the matrimony vine organic and inorganic compound fertilizer, and raw materials quality part is as follows:
Fertile 10 kilograms of available nutrient; Fertile 40 kilograms of slow nutrient; Fertile 50 kilograms of organic nutrient.
The preparation method:
(1) preparation of available nutrient fertilizer: make 2~4 millimeters of particle diameters by the prior art granulation after getting 3 kilograms in urea, 5 kilograms of monoammonium phosphates, 2 kilograms of mixing of vitriolate of tartar.
(2) preparation of slow nutrient fertilizer: get 10 kilograms in ammonium sulfate, 3 kilograms of monoammonium phosphates, 7 kilograms of vitriolate of tartar, 20 kilograms of weathered coals, fully mixing.Spray moisture, make the moisture content of compound reach 25%, placed 8 hours; Turning was placed 12 hours again.Make 2~4 millimeters of particle diameters by the prior art granulation.
(3) preparation of organic nutrient fertilizer:
A, preparation fermentation of bacillus subtilis liquid, separate the inferior sieve yeast fermentation broth of fat
Remove skin potato 200 grams, add water 1000 grams and boiled filtered through gauze 20 minutes, filtrate 1000 grams that keep the skin wet add glucose 15 gram, peptone 2 grams again, be heated to all the components and dissolve, sterilization is 30 minutes under 0.11 MPa pressure, is prepared into liquid nutrient medium; 28 ℃, 180 rev/mins shake subtilis after activating respectively in the bottle, separated the inferior sieve yeast culture of fat 2 days; Change over to respectively in the fermentor tank that culture medium prescription is 200 kilograms of potatos, 8 kilograms of glucose, 30 kilograms of the dregs of fat, 1000 kilograms in water with 2% inoculum size again, cultivated 4 days for 28 ℃, obtain fermentation of bacillus subtilis liquid respectively, separate the inferior sieve yeast fermentation broth of fat.
B, preparation geotrichum candidum fermented liquid:
Remove skin potato 200 grams, wheat bran 20 grams add water 1000 grams, boil 20 minutes, filtered through gauze, filtrate 1000 grams that keep the skin wet add glucose 15 grams, and heating is dissolved, sterilization is 30 minutes under 0.11 MPa pressure, make liquid nutrient medium, insert the geotrichum candidum bacterial classification after activating, cultivated 2 days 28 ℃, 180 rev/mins shake in the bottle; Change in the fermentor tank (substratum with shake bottle in identical) over to 1.5% inoculum size again, cultivated 5 days for 28 ℃, the geotrichum candidum fermented liquid.
C, preparation plant lactobacillus fermented liquid:
Remove skin potato 200 grams, wheat bran 20, add water 1000 grams, boiled 20 minutes, filtered through gauze, filtrate 1000 grams that keep the skin wet add glucose 20 grams, peptone 2 grams, are heated to all the components and dissolve, sterilization is 30 minutes under 0.11 MPa pressure, get liquid nutrient medium, insert the plant lactobacillus bacterial classification after activating, cultivated 2 days 30 ℃, 180 rev/mins shake in the bottle.Change in the fermentor tank (substratum with shake bottle in identical) over to 1.5% inoculum size again, 30 ℃ of fermentation culture 3 days, the plant lactobacillus fermented liquid.
D, by mass parts, get 11 kilograms of fermentation of bacillus subtilis liquid, separate the inferior sieve yeast fermentation broth of fat and join in 100 kilograms of dregs of fat for 13 kilograms, regulate moisture content 48wt%, pH 6.7, abundant mixing, 38 ℃ of control material temperature were placed 7 hours; Feed steam, timing when temperature rises to 100 ℃ kept 32 minutes.
E, by mass parts, get 9 kilograms of geotrichum candidum fermented liquids, 10 kilograms of plant lactobacillus fermented liquids, join in the dregs of fat after step (D) is handled, regulate moisture content 48wt%, pH7.8, abundant mixing, 38 ℃ of control material temperature were placed 6 hours; Material must ferment.
With the fermentation material that makes by the prior art granulation, 2~4 millimeters of particle diameters.
(4) the organic nutrient fertilizer of the slow nutrient fertilizer of the available nutrient fertilizer of above-mentioned steps (1) preparation, step (2) preparation, step (3) preparation is put into stirrer by proportioning and stir, promptly.
Embodiment 2: the matrimony vine organic and inorganic compound fertilizer, and raw materials quality part is as follows:
Fertile 15 kilograms of available nutrient; Fertile 45 kilograms of slow nutrient; Fertile 40 kilograms of organic nutrient.
Described available nutrient fertilizer: 5 kilograms in urea, 7 kilograms of monoammonium phosphates, 3 kilograms of vitriolate of tartar.The preparation method is with embodiment 1.
Described slow nutrient fertilizer: 10.5 kilograms in ammonium sulfate, 5 kilograms of monoammonium phosphates, 8 kilograms of vitriolate of tartar, 22.5 kilograms of weathered coals.The preparation method is with embodiment 1.
The fertile preparation method of described organic nutrient is with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3: the matrimony vine organic and inorganic compound fertilizer, and raw materials quality part is as follows:
Fertile 25 kilograms of available nutrient; Fertile 30 kilograms of slow nutrient; Fertile 45 kilograms of organic nutrient.
Described available nutrient fertilizer: 9 kilograms in urea, 11 kilograms of monoammonium phosphates, 5 kilograms of vitriolate of tartar; The preparation method is with embodiment 1.
Described slow nutrient fertilizer: 7 kilograms in ammonium sulfate, 2 kilograms of monoammonium phosphates, 6 kilograms of vitriolate of tartar, 15 kilograms of weathered coals.Spray moisture, make the moisture content of compound reach 30%, placed 10 hours; Turning was placed 8 hours again.Make 2~4 millimeters of particle diameters by the prior art granulation.
The fertile preparation method of described organic nutrient is with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 4: the matrimony vine organic and inorganic compound fertilizer, and raw materials quality part is as follows:
Fertile 5 kilograms of available nutrient; Fertile 60 kilograms of slow nutrient; Fertile 35 kilograms of organic nutrient.
Described available nutrient fertilizer: 1 kilogram in urea, 3 kilograms of monoammonium phosphates, 1 kilogram of vitriolate of tartar.The preparation method is with embodiment 1.
Described slow nutrient fertilizer: 15 kilograms in ammonium sulfate, 5 kilograms of monoammonium phosphates, 10 kilograms of vitriolate of tartar, 30 kilograms of weathered coals.The preparation method is with embodiment 3.
The fertile preparation method of described organic nutrient is with embodiment 1.
Comparative Examples: common composite organic-inorganic fertilizer, Shandong Guangda Fertilizer Technology Co., Ltd. produces, organic content 23%, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium total nutrient 16%.Be mass percent.
The effect of above embodiment 1~4 and Comparative Examples is as follows:
Test site: Xinjiang autonomous region Wusu City, Ningxia autonomous region Zhongning County.
Test period: year September in April, 2010 to 2010.
For trying the matrimony vine kind: No. 1, peaceful Qi is all used in two places.
Embodiment 1-4 is identical with the Comparative Examples fertilizer amount, 200 kilograms every mu.Fertilizing method all is ditchings on 30 centimetres of left and right sides circumferential lines of trunk before matrimony vine rudiment in spring, about 30 centimetres of ditch depth, with fertilizer with apply in the hole after the soil of about 3 times of weights mixes.Earthing, water.Other management is carried out according to a conventional method.Effect sees Table 1.
Table 1. is compared the application effect of embodiment 1-4 with Comparative Examples