CN102275356A - 光伏模块背板及其制备方法 - Google Patents

光伏模块背板及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN102275356A
CN102275356A CN2011101255998A CN201110125599A CN102275356A CN 102275356 A CN102275356 A CN 102275356A CN 2011101255998 A CN2011101255998 A CN 2011101255998A CN 201110125599 A CN201110125599 A CN 201110125599A CN 102275356 A CN102275356 A CN 102275356A
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郑有生
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种光伏模块背板及其制备方法,该光伏模块背板包括一种快速结晶聚合物,所述聚合物从熔融态冷却至固态时可快速结晶而可用于光伏模块的聚合物背板的绝缘层。

Description

光伏模块背板及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种光伏模块,并且特别是涉及一种光伏模块背板。
背景技术
光伏(Photovoltaic;PV)模块为大面积的光电装置,其可直接将太阳辐射转换成电能。大部分的PV模块使用由电子电路连接的分离的结晶硅光伏电池。多数的PV模块使用玻璃盖和聚合物来封装背板以保护PV模块不受环境影响。
聚合物背板具有叠层结构。聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)为常见的聚合物背板的绝缘层材料,其可提供聚合物背板电性绝缘以及机械结构支撑。此外,在不同的工艺温度下制备PV模块时,PET的结晶度对于维持PET背板尺寸稳定性相当重要。例如,若没有在更高的温度下进行封装工艺,那么通常执行封装工艺的温度为120-150℃。然而,PET结晶速率相当慢。为了得到较高结晶度的PET,通常需要对PET进行前处理,以提供聚合物背板足够的尺寸稳定性。所以,只能先制备好PET板,然后再以分开的层压步骤将PET板叠在聚合物背板上。也就是说,PET板必须经过制备、定位和层压的步骤,才可以用作聚合物背板的绝缘层。然而,还尚未考虑层压工艺中的额外步骤,包括PET薄膜的表面处理。
发明内容
本发明提供一种从熔融态到固态时可快速结晶的快速结晶聚合物,其可用作聚合物背板的绝缘层以简化聚合物背板的制备过程。
根据本发明的一个实施方式,快速结晶聚合物从熔融态冷却到固态时,其结晶度为其固态聚合物最大结晶度的20%。而快速结晶聚合物在固态时的结晶度需至少为约10%才可维持绝缘层的尺寸稳定性。
根据本发明的另一实施方式,快速结晶聚合物的微晶的融化温度需至少为100℃以上,以在接下来用于制造光伏模块的工艺中(如封装工艺)可维持绝缘层的尺寸稳定性。
根据本发明的另一实施方式,可直接在聚合物背板的阻障层上涂布融化的快速结晶聚合物。快速结晶的冷却方法可为自然冷却,或是以连续或不连续的方式利用空气对流或水淬来进行冷却。因此,不需要粘着材料来粘接快速结晶聚合物与阻障层。
根据本发明的另一实施方式,快速结晶聚合物可为聚丁烯对苯二甲酸酯(PBT)。另外,可在快速结晶聚合物中加入一些成核剂、添加剂、填充剂和/或其它适合的聚合物。
在参阅下文实施方式后,本发明所属技术领域中的普通技术人员可轻易了解本发明的基本精神及其它发明目的,以及本发明所采用的技术手段与实施方式。
附图简要说明
为了使本发明的上述和其它目的、特征、优点与实施例能更明显易懂,提供附图,其中:
图1绘示根据本发明一实施方式的一种背板的结构剖面结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将更详细地讨论本发明的实施方式。然而,此实施方式可为各种发明概念的应用,可被具体实行在各种不同特定的范围内。特定的实施方式是仅以说明为目的,且不受限于所公开的范围。
目前的聚合物背板(下面以简称“背板”)具有叠层的结构。现有背板的制备过程包括利用粘着材料来粘着叠在一起的耐候层、阻障层以及预先制备的PET板与阻障层。上述耐候层通常为氟化高分子,如聚氟乙烯(PVF)。阻障层通常为铝箔。PET板用作背板的绝缘层。
如上所述,从熔融态到固态时可快速结晶的快速结晶聚合物可作为背板的绝缘层,以简化制备背板的过程。因此,不需要预先制备背板的聚合物层(即绝缘层),且熔融的快速结晶聚合物可直接地涂布在阻障层上,以形成固态聚合物层。所以,在聚合物层与阻障层之间不需要任何粘着材料。
图1绘示根据本发明一个实施方式的一种背板的部分剖面结构示意图。在图1中,熔融状的快速结晶聚合物可通过热塑性工艺直接涂布在阻障层130上,并可冷却至固态,以形成固态的聚合物层140。上述热塑性工艺例如可为挤出涂布法。粘着层120可用来将耐候层110粘合至阻障层130。
为了维持聚合物层140的尺寸稳定性,最终聚合物层140的结晶度需为至少10%,例如为至少20%或至少40%。结晶度的定义遵照IUPAC(International Unionof Pure and Applied Chemistry)在1988年出版的“Definition of Terms Relating toCrystalline Polymers”的定义内容,其全部内容已并入此处以供参考。
此外,因为要在不同工艺温度中维持聚合物层140尺寸稳定性,聚合物层140的微晶的熔化温度为100℃以上,例如为140℃以上,或为180℃以上。
快速结晶聚合物的冷却方法例如可为自然冷却,或可为以连续或不连续的方式利用空气对流或水淬来进行冷却。如果是自然冷却熔融状的快速结晶聚合物,其冷却速率最快可为200℃/min。如果是水淬冷却熔融状的快速结晶聚合物,其冷却速率最快可为2000℃/min。在冷却步骤中没有任何的特别限制,唯一的限制是当快速结晶聚合物在有限时间内从熔融态冷却至固态时,其结晶度需至少为其固态最大结晶度的20%,例如至少为40%或至少为60%。
快速结晶聚合物可为聚丁烯对苯二甲酸酯(PBT)。当PBT在其玻璃转移温度(Tg)之上约40℃时,还可维持PBT的尺寸稳定性。此外,在熔融PBT的冷却过程中快速形成的PBT微晶,在其温度达到200℃以上之前不会熔化。因此,快速结晶PBT在温度200℃以上时,还可维持尺寸稳定性,以符合制备背板的要求。
不同的因素会影响快速结晶聚合物的结晶速率。其中一个因素为快速结晶聚合物的本质特性。另一因素为快速结晶聚合物与其它聚合物的混合效果。此外,成核剂常用来增加聚合物的结晶速率。例如,二亚苄山梨醇(dibenzylidene sorbitol)通常用来增加聚酯(如PET或PBT)的结晶速率。
为了使快速结晶聚合物有其它不同的特性或工艺特点,可向快速结晶聚合物中添加其它的聚合物。举例来说,当快速结晶聚合物为PBT时,可添加聚碳酸酯、其它聚酯类、乙烯醋酸乙烯酯(EVA)以及功能化EVA,来与PBT混合。
一些添加剂可添加至快速结晶聚合物中,添加剂可为UV稳定剂、抗氧化剂或上述的组合,但不限于此。例如,UV稳定剂可为受阻胺光稳定剂(hindered aminelight stabilizer)。抗氧化剂可为亚磷酸盐(phosphite)。此外,也可向快速结晶聚合物中加入填充剂。其中,填充剂可为但不限于碳酸钙、滑石或上述的组合。另外,也可向快速结晶聚合物中加入加工助剂。其中,加工助剂可为抗粘连剂(anti-blocking agent)。例如,当制备PET或PBT薄膜时,可加入Clariant公司所生产的CESA-block 1501。
聚合物层140的厚度可为0.01-2.0mm,例如可为0.1-0.5mm。如果聚合物层140的厚度过薄,聚合物层140会因没有足够刚度而无法提供背板足够的机械支撑度。聚合物层140的厚度上限受实际考虑所限,例如额外的成本和空间限制。当聚合物层140的厚度能达到提供电性绝缘以及环境和物理上的保护时,再增加厚度就非必要了。然而,如果聚合物层140过薄时,可使用一些其它方法来提供背板的机械支撑度。例如,可增加背板密封剂的厚度以补偿聚合物层140的厚度。
在图1中的阻障层130可为金属箔、聚合物薄膜、金属化聚合物薄膜或覆盖无机氧化物的聚合物薄膜。阻障层130的表面可以先进行表面处理工艺,以增加阻障层130的表面与聚合物层140的粘着度。阻障层为130金属箔时,其可为铝箔,其表面处理工艺可为表面粗化、氧化处理或化学表面处理(chemical priming)。阻障层130为聚合物薄膜时,其可为聚偏二氯乙烯、聚氟乙烯、乙烯三氟氯乙烯或其它含氟聚合物。聚合物薄膜的表面处理工艺可为电晕处理、表面粗糙化,氧化处理或化学表面处理。阻障层130为金属化聚合物薄膜时,其可为涂布铝的聚合物薄膜,其表面处理工艺可为转换涂布工艺(conversion coating process),以增加铝层的粘着性质。阻障层130为涂布无机氧化物之阻障层130时,其可为氧化硅,其表面处理工艺可为化学表面处理。
举例来说,若阻障层为铝箔时,在其表面上可实施含有铬酸盐或磷酸盐的转换涂布工艺,再涂布聚合物以增加其表面与其它聚合物的粘着性。涂布的聚合物例如可为乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物或乙烯-顺丁烯二酸酐的共聚物。
在图1中的耐候层110可为氟化高分子,如聚氟乙烯。在室外环境中,耐候层110主要用来保护光伏模块。
本发明的一些实施方式将在下面讨论。在第一实施方式中,图1中所示的聚合物层140为未增强PBT树脂(Dupont
Figure BSA00000497469700041
6129C NC010),阻障层130为铝箔。在压力0.45MPa下,未增强PBT树脂的变形温度(Heat deflection temperature或Heat distortion temperature)约为115℃。在熔化未增强PBT树脂后,再通过挤出涂布熔融的未增强PBT树脂到铝箔上。其中,铝箔为已先涂布含有乙烯、丁酯以及顺丁烯二酸酐(Archema Lotader 3210)三种单体的三元共聚物的接枝层(grafted layer),以用来提升PBT与铝之间的粘着性。
在第二实施方式中,图1中所示的聚合物层140为玻璃纤维增强的PBT树脂(
Figure BSA00000497469700051
LW9020BK580),阻障层130为铝箔。在压力0.45MPa下的玻璃纤维增强的PBT树脂的变形温度约为205℃。在熔化玻璃纤维增强的PBT树脂后,再挤出涂布熔融玻璃纤维增强的PBT树脂到铝箔上。其中,铝箔为已前先涂布含有乙烯、丁酯以及顺丁烯二酸酐三种单体的三元共聚物的接枝层,以用来提升PBT与铝之间的粘着性。
有鉴于此,快速结晶聚合物可作为背板的绝缘层,以简化背板的制备过程,其因为可在阻障层上直接涂布融化的快速结晶聚合物,让其冷却而形成固态聚合物层。因此,在聚合物层及阻障层之间不需要任何粘着材料。
虽然本发明已以实施方式揭露如上,然其并非用以限定本发明,任何本领域技术人员,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内,可作各种更动与润饰,因此本发明的保护范围以权利要求为准。

Claims (10)

1.一种光伏模块背板,包含:
耐候层;
在该耐候层上的粘着层;
在该粘着层上的阻障层;以及
在阻障层上的聚丁烯对苯二甲酸酯(PBT)层,其中在该PBT层与该阻障层之间没有使用粘着材料。
2.如权利要求1所述的光伏模块背板,其中该PBT层是玻璃纤维增强的PBT层。
3.如权利要求1所述的光伏模块背板,其中该PBT层的结晶度为至少10%,以维持该PBT层的尺寸稳定性。
4.如权利要求1所述的光伏模块背板,其中该PBT层的微晶的熔化温度为100℃以上,以在封装光伏模块中的光伏电池的封装工艺时,维持光伏模块的尺寸稳定性。
5.如权利要求1所述的光伏模块背板,其中该PBT层的厚度至少为0.1mm,以使PBT层有足够的刚度。
6.一种制备光伏模块背板的方法,包括:
在一阻障层的第一表面上涂布熔融聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBT);
冷却该熔融PBT,以在该阻障层上形成一固态PBT层;以及
在该阻障层的第二表面上粘着一耐候层,其中该阻障层的第二表面相对于第一表面。
7.如权利要求6所述的方法,其中该熔融PBT为增强玻璃纤维。
8.如权利要求6所述的方法,其中该熔融PBT的冷却速率小于2000℃/min。
9.如权利要求6所述的方法,其中该熔融PBT的结晶度为固态PBT最大结晶度的至少20%,且该固态PBT层的最大结晶度为至少10%。
10.如权利要求6所述的方法,其中该固态PBT层的厚度至少为0.1mm,以使该PBT层有足够的刚度。
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CN104124300A (zh) * 2013-04-26 2014-10-29 比亚迪股份有限公司 一种太阳能电池背板及太阳能电池组件
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