CN102269892A - 带光栅的印刷型柔性显示屏 - Google Patents

带光栅的印刷型柔性显示屏 Download PDF

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CN102269892A
CN102269892A CN2011102052399A CN201110205239A CN102269892A CN 102269892 A CN102269892 A CN 102269892A CN 2011102052399 A CN2011102052399 A CN 2011102052399A CN 201110205239 A CN201110205239 A CN 201110205239A CN 102269892 A CN102269892 A CN 102269892A
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grating
display screen
electrode
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CN102269892B (zh
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钱俊
唐超群
胡继承
陈娜
周奕华
石新智
祈昶
马立胜
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BEIJING SANWUJIU INVESTMENT Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种带光栅的印刷型柔性显示屏。它由下向上至少包括承印层、印刷油墨层、光栅层、电极层A、电控光开关层和电极层B，承印层为可折叠且可印刷的柔性绝缘材料，印刷油墨层为印刷在承印层上的CMYK油墨点阵，光栅层为柱镜光栅板，印刷油墨层位于柱镜光栅板的焦平面上，光栅层的厚度与柱镜光栅板的物方焦距的绝对值相等，电极层A和电极层B均为刻有电极矩阵的ITO导电薄膜层，二者的电极矩阵的方向垂直，电控光开关层为PDLC薄膜。该显示屏易于实现立体视觉效果、易于彩色化、响应时间短、驱动电压低，阅读舒适，生产成本低。

Description

带光栅的印刷型柔性显示屏
技术领域
本发明涉及一种带光栅的印刷型柔性显示屏，属于印刷领域，也属于电子领域。
背景技术
目前的显示技术可以分为两大类：一类是纸质显示，其主要特点是：通过反射环境光来显示内容，易于彩色显示，可视角大(接近180°)，介质柔软。另一类是CRT、LCD、LED等电子显示，其主要特点是：信息可快速刷新，依靠显示器自身内部发光来显示内容，工作时需要消耗较多电能，阅读时容易使人疲劳，介质不柔软。
近十年来人们正在着力开发类纸反射式柔性显示屏(俗称电子纸)，试图克服前述两类显示技术的缺点而保留它们的优点，即使新的显示屏具有柔性介质、可快速电控显示内容、通过反射环境光显示、低能耗、便携这些特点。这样的柔性显示屏可以应用于电子书、汽车、智能卡、标签、数字签名、显示器等多个领域。对类纸反射式柔性显示屏的研究和开发，目前国际上发展较快的是E-Ink、Phlips、IBM、贝尔实验室等国际公司的电泳技术，其显示原理是基于不同颜色(目前基本上是白色和黑色)的带电小球(置于微胶囊或微杯中)在电场作用下的电泳移动视线对外部环境光的反射而呈现两种完全不同的色彩。
目前基于电泳方式的柔性显示屏虽然取得了一定进展，但还存在响应速度慢(数百毫秒)、难于实现彩色(要用不同滤光片来实现彩色)、难以产生立体图像显示效果、生产成本高等一系列问题需要解决。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于弥补现有技术之不足，提供一种带光栅的印刷型柔性显示屏，该显示屏以自然光为光源，通过反射光来形成颜色视觉，并且通过光栅可以产生立体视觉效果，更适合于人眼阅读，具有易于彩色化、响应速度快、成本低的优点。
为实现上述目的，本发明所采用的技术方案是：
一种带光栅的印刷型柔性显示屏，包括承印层和附着在承印层上的印刷油墨层，从印刷油墨层由下向上至少附着有光栅层、电极层A、电控光开关层和电极层B；承印层为可折叠且可印刷的柔性绝缘材料，印刷油墨层为用油墨印刷在承印层上产生的CMYK彩色油墨点阵，光栅层为柱镜光栅板，印刷油墨层位于柱镜光栅板的焦平面上，光栅层的厚度与柱镜光栅板的物方焦距的绝对值相等，电极层A和电极层B均为刻有电极矩阵的ITO导电薄膜层，电极层A和电极层B的电极矩阵的方向垂直，电控光开关层为聚合物分散液晶薄膜。
电极层B上附着有漫反射层，漫反射层为消光膜或具有漫反射功能的光油。
漫反射层上附着有保护层，保护层为丙烯酸类树脂薄膜或氧化铝薄膜。
电极层B上附着有保护层，保护层为丙烯酸类树脂薄膜或氧化铝薄膜，
印刷油墨层和电控光开关层之间的距离保证未通电状态下印刷油墨层被完全遮盖住不透光。
在电极层A和光栅层之间设有附着在光栅层上的透光层，电极层A附着在透光层上，透光层与光栅层所用材料的折射率相同，光栅层及透光层的厚度之和与印刷油墨层和电控光开关层之间的距离相等。
所述显示屏的厚度不超过5mm。
与现有技术相比，本发明的优点为：
1、本发明提供的显示屏采用了柱透镜光栅板，使得印刷油墨层上不同位置点所发出的光经柱透镜光栅板的圆柱透镜元折射均可形成极细的平行光束，并沿着各自的方向传输且携带着各自的信息。如果将印刷油墨层的图像按光栅栅距处理成左右两幅并按一定顺序排列在柱镜光栅板焦平面上，就可以通过圆柱透镜元分别折射进入人的双眼而产生立体视觉感，实现立体图像显示效果。
2、本发明提供的印刷型柔性显示屏采用印刷油墨技术作为黑白和彩色显示的基础，采用印刷技术中成熟的调频加网方式，可以获得更高的分辨率，改善输出精度。同时利用印刷中的彩色视觉混合原理，通过印刷点阵反射光叠加得到各种色彩，彩色显示的解决方案技术较为成熟，实现方法简单有效而且色彩层次丰富。
3、本发明提供的显示屏是以聚合物分散液晶(PDLC)薄膜作为电控光开关，响应时间可以缩短到40ms之内，驱动电压可以减小到25v，明显优于目前主流的E-INK技术(响应时间约为150ms、驱动电压约为90v)。此外，PDLC薄膜不需要偏振片，以固态膜形式存在且制备工艺易实现，适用于辊对辊(Roll-to-Roll)连续性工艺流程，制作工艺简单，生产成本低，适合大规模生产。而以电光晶体作为电控光开关的显示屏，虽然响应时间短，但驱动电压比较高(约为443v)，且固态膜的制备工艺复杂，成本高。与之相比，本发明的显示屏在驱动电压、制作工艺和生产成本等方面均具有明显优势。
4、目前采用TFT基板作为电极的显示屏，由于TFT基板是一个薄膜晶体管，不但结构复杂、成本高，且主要适用于有背光源的透射工作方式。而本发明的显示屏是采用ITO导电薄膜作为控制电极，结构更为简单，成本低，通过自然光的反射来实现显示，不需要专门光源，更符合人眼阅读习惯，此外采用消光膜或具有漫反射功能的光油作为漫反射层，可以消除反光，提高对比度，改善阅读舒适度。
5、本发明的各层为薄膜，显示屏的厚度不超过5mm，使显示屏质量轻、易于柔性化。
附图说明
图1为实施例1提供的带光栅的印刷型柔性显示屏的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例对本发明作进一步的说明，但本发明的保护内容不局限于以下实施例。
实施例1
如图1所示，本实施例提供的带光栅的印刷型柔性触摸屏的底层为承印层，印刷油墨层附着在承印层上，从印刷油墨层由下至上依次附着有光栅层、透光层、电极层A、电控光开关层、电极层B、漫反射层和保护层，显示屏的厚度不超过5mm。
承印层采用可折叠且可印刷的柔性绝缘材料，如纸张、塑料、布等。在承印层上印刷油墨，产生CMYK彩色油墨点阵，得到印刷油墨层。
光栅层是柱镜光栅板，柱镜光栅板由若干个结构和性能完全相同的圆柱透镜元以平面线性排列而成，印刷油墨层位于柱镜光栅板的焦平面上，光栅层的厚度与柱镜光栅板的物方焦距的绝对值相等，柱镜光栅板所用的材料为采用高透光性高分子材料，通常能够用于制造柱镜光栅板的材料均适用于本实用新型，如PET、PETG、PVC、PP等。印刷油墨层和电控光开关层之间的距离保证未通电状态下印刷油墨层被完全遮盖住不透光，当光栅层的厚度小于印刷油墨层和电控光开关层之间的距离时，需要在光栅层和电极层A之间加设一层透光层，使透光层与光栅层所用材料的折射率相同，且光栅层及透光层的厚度之和与印刷油墨层和电控光开关层之间的距离相等。本实施例中是在光栅层和电极层A之间设有透光层。
电极层A和电极层B均为刻有电极矩阵的ITO导电薄膜层，作为电极层A的ITO导电薄膜和作为电极层B的ITO导电薄膜分别附着在电控光开关层的两面，电极层A和电极层B的电极矩阵方向垂直，本实施例中电极层A的电极矩阵为X轴方向，电极层B的电极矩阵为Y轴方向。
电控光开关层采用聚合物分散液晶(PDLC)薄膜，该层是显示屏的显示控制开关，通过控制印刷油墨层上的CMYK彩色油墨点阵实现彩色显示，一般来说，电控光开关层越厚，对比度越高。
漫反射层采用消光膜或具有漫反射功能的光油，该层用于消除反光，改善显示屏的阅读效果。
保护层采用保护显示屏免受外部刮伤、水汽、氧气和光照等损坏的薄膜，例如丙烯酸类树脂薄膜、氧化铝薄膜等。
实施例2
本实施例提供的带光栅的印刷型柔性显示屏的底层为承印层，印刷油墨层附着在承印层上，从印刷油墨层由下至上依次附着有光栅层、电极层A、电控光开关层、电极层B和漫反射层，显示屏的厚度不超过5mm。各层所用材料与实施例1相同。
实施例3
本实施例提供的带光栅的印刷型柔性触摸屏的底层为承印层，印刷油墨层附着在承印层上，从印刷油墨层由下至上依次附着有光栅层、电极层A、电控光开关层、电极层B和保护层，显示屏的厚度不超过5mm。各层所用材料与实施例1相同。
本发明的带光栅的印刷型柔性显示屏的制备方法如下：
(1)采用凹版印刷方式在承印层上印刷油墨，产生CMYK彩色油墨点阵，得到附着有印刷油墨层的承印层，其工艺流程为：柔性基板准备→上版→调整规矩→正式印刷→印后处理。凹版印刷机的自动化程度高，制版质量好，而且工艺操作简单。
(2)制备柱镜光栅板，得到光栅层，使光栅层的厚度与柱镜光栅板的物方焦距的绝对值相等，用透明的绝缘胶将光栅层粘贴在印刷油墨层上并使印刷油墨层位于柱镜光栅板的焦平面上。
(3)采用聚合相分离方法制备出PDLC，并将其涂覆在电极层A上，采用光(UV)固化方法使其固化，得到电控光开关层。
(4)分别在电控光开关层的两面溅射透明氧化铟锡镀层得到ITO导电薄膜，分别在位于电控光开关层两面的ITO导电薄膜上加工电极矩阵，使两层ITO导电薄膜的电极矩阵方向垂直，靠近光栅层的ITO导电薄膜作为电极层A，另一层ITO导电薄膜作为电极层B。当光栅层的厚度小于印刷油墨层和电控光开关层之间的距离时，在光栅层和电极层A之间加设一层透光层，使透光层与光栅层所用材料的折射率相同，且光栅层及透光层的厚度之和与印刷油墨层和电控光开关层之间的距离相等，用透明的绝缘胶将透光层粘贴在光栅层的曲面上，再将透光层与电极层A粘贴在一起；当光栅层的厚度等于印刷油墨层和电控光开关层之间的距离时，直接将电极层A粘贴在光栅层的曲面上。
(5)以消光膜或者具有漫反射功能的光油作为漫反射层，当采用消光膜时，用绝缘的透明的粘合剂如无影胶将消光膜粘贴在电极层B上，得到漫反射层；当采用具有漫反射功能的光油时，直接在电极层B上涂覆光油，然后光(UV)固化，得到漫反射层。
(6)采用保护显示屏免受外部刮伤、水汽、氧气和光照等损坏的薄膜例如丙烯酸类树脂薄膜、氧化铝薄膜作为保护层，用绝缘的透明的粘合剂如无影胶将保护层粘贴在漫反射层上，最后用封口胶封口。
本发明的带光栅的印刷型柔性显示屏的显示原理为：
电控光开关层采用PDLC，它是将低分子液晶与预聚物相混合，在一定条件下经聚合反应，形成微米级的液晶微滴均匀地分散在高分子网络中，再利用液晶分子的介电各向异性获得具有电光响应特性的材料，它主要工作在散射态和透明态之间并具有一定的灰度，在未通电状态下，本身具有漫反射特性，呈乳白色，通电状态则为透明。电控光开关层控制CMYK彩色油墨点阵实现彩色显示，印刷油墨层形成彩色。对电控光开关层加适当电压后，由于液晶分子的定向排列，薄膜变为透明，显示印刷油墨层的色彩。对于非图文的空白区域不加电压，则电控开关层中液晶分子混乱排列，薄膜具有一定的遮盖力，显示白色。
柱镜光栅板上的每个圆柱透镜元在与其排列相垂直的方向上不对光线起汇聚透镜作用，而在其排列方向上则相当于汇聚透镜起聚光成像的作用，柱镜光栅板平面为焦平面。印刷油墨层位于该焦平面上，使得印刷油墨层上不同位置点所发出的光经圆柱透镜元折射均可形成极细的平行光束，并沿着各自的方向传输且携带着各自的信息。如果将印刷油墨层的图像按光栅栅距处理成左右两幅并按一定顺序排列在柱镜光栅板焦平面上，就可以通过圆柱透镜元分别折射进入人的双眼而产生立体视觉感，只要使柱镜光栅板的厚度d、物方焦距f、曲率半径R及折射率n满足公式f＝nR/(n-1)＝-d，便能得到最佳立体显示效果。

Claims (7)

1.一种带光栅的印刷型柔性显示屏，包括承印层和附着在承印层上的印刷油墨层，其特征在于：从印刷油墨层由下向上至少附着有光栅层、电极层A、电控光开关层和电极层B；承印层为可折叠且可印刷的柔性绝缘材料，印刷油墨层为用油墨印刷在承印层上产生的CMYK彩色油墨点阵，光栅层为柱镜光栅板，印刷油墨层位于柱镜光栅板的焦平面上，光栅层的厚度与柱镜光栅板的物方焦距的绝对值相等，电极层A和电极层B均为刻有电极矩阵的ITO导电薄膜层，电极层A和电极层B的电极矩阵的方向垂直，电控光开关层为聚合物分散液晶薄膜。
2.根据权利要求1所述带光栅的印刷型柔性显示屏，其特征在于：电极层B上附着有漫反射层，漫反射层为消光膜或具有漫反射功能的光油层。
3.根据权利要求2所述带光栅的印刷型柔性显示屏，其特征在于：漫反射层上附着有保护层，保护层为丙烯酸类树脂薄膜或氧化铝薄膜。
4.根据权利要求1所述带光栅的印刷型柔性显示屏，其特征在于：电极层B上附着有保护层，保护层为丙烯酸类树脂薄膜或氧化铝薄膜。
5.根据权利要求1所述带光栅的印刷型柔性显示屏，其特征在于：印刷油墨层和电控光开关层之间的距离保证未通电状态下印刷油墨层被完全遮盖住不透光。
6.根据权利要求5所述带光栅的印刷型柔性显示屏，其特征在于：在电极层A和光栅层之间设有附着在光栅层上的透光层，电极层A附着在透光层上，透光层与光栅层所用材料的折射率相同，光栅层及透光层的厚度之和与印刷油墨层和电控光开关层之间的距离相等。
7.根据权利要求1所述带光栅的印刷型柔性显示屏，其特征在于：所述显示屏的厚度不超过5mm。
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