CN102265986B - 银鲑幼鱼饲料 - Google Patents
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种银鲑幼鱼饲料，该银鲑幼鱼饲料的重量百分比组成比例为：鱼粉在35至39％，虾皮在1至3％，酵母在3至7％，膨化大豆在6至10％，磷脂粉在3至7％，面粉在5至9％，乳清蛋白粉在5至9％，脱脂奶粉在1至5％，小麦胚芽粉在2至6％，鱼油在11至15％，豆油在1至5％，棕榈油在1至3％，苜蓿粉在1.5至2.5％，维生素C在0.05至0.15％，复合维生素B0.5至0.7％，维生素D在0.15至0.45％，类胡萝卜素在0.02至0.06％，氯化胆碱在0.5至1％，牛磺酸在0.01至0.02％，乳化剂在0.1至0.2％。本发明能满足银鲑幼鱼对于营养的要求，提供幼鱼生长发育所需的能量。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种动物饲料，具体为一种银鲑幼鱼饲料。
背景技术
银鲑又名银大马哈鱼,属鲱形目、蛙科、大马哈鱼属,溯河性洄游鱼类。银鲑在淡水中产卵，发育，直到长成鱼种游入大海。在海里长成成鱼后，再回游到淡水进行产卵而完成其生长周期。银鲑的原始栖息地主要在太平洋的东部，亦即美国和加拿大的西海岸。属冷水性鱼类。
银鲑鱼肉呈鲜桔红色，口感好，很能引起人们的食欲，是作生鱼片和其它佳肴的上乘原料。冷水鱼含有丰富的不饱和脂肪酸，可有效的防止各种心血管和其它疾病。由于其食用价值和保健价值，美国鱼类学家的多年系统选育、驯化、并运用生物基因工程技术，改变了其洄游习性，使其可以终生生活在淡水中，银鲑的人工养殖生产也越来越多。
目前研究较多的是银鲑的繁殖技术，而饲料营养配方未见研究。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种适合银鲑幼鱼的饲料。
本发明采用以下技术方案：
一种银鲑幼鱼饲料，该银鲑幼鱼饲料的组成比例为（重量百分比）：鱼粉在35至39%，虾皮在1至3%，酵母在3至7%，膨化大豆在6至10%，磷脂粉在3至7%，面粉在5至9%，乳清蛋白粉在5至9%，脱脂奶粉在1至5%，小麦胚芽粉在2至6%，鱼油在11至15%，豆油在1至5%，棕榈油在1至3%，苜蓿粉在1.5至2.5%，维生素C在0.05至0.15%，复合维生素B0.5至0.7%，维生素D在0.15至0.45%，类胡萝卜素在0.02至0.06%，氯化胆碱在0.5至1%，牛磺酸在0.01至0.02%，乳化剂在0.1至0.2%。
本发明在营养比例和饲料成本方面做了综合考虑：
以乳清蛋白粉、脱脂奶粉、动物蛋白鱼粉、单细胞蛋白酵母、植物蛋白包括膨化大豆和苜蓿粉在内的合理搭配比例保证了鱼体对蛋白质的基本需求和鱼体达到最大生长所需的蛋白质含量，维持了银鲑幼鱼的正常生理功能。其中，乳清蛋白粉是不仅是饲料中的氨基酸来源，还是生长和调节代谢因子的来源，可以作为抵御微生物侵入的防御系统；脱脂奶粉在有效提供乳源性蛋白的同时，提高饲料的适口性，增加银鲑幼鱼的食欲。
以鱼油、豆油和棕榈油作为脂肪，提供银鲑幼鱼能量来源和必需的脂肪酸。棕榈油，价格偏低，产量稳定,有较高的脂肪生产力,较低的不良脂肪酸沉积。
维生素是鱼必需的一类低分子有机化合物，这类物质在体内不能由其他物质合成或者合成很少，必须经常从饲料中摄入，如复合维生素B、维生素C、维生素D等，用来维持鱼的健康和降低其死亡率。氯化胆碱是维生素B的一种，缺少胆碱可导致脂肪肝，生长缓慢，产卵率降低，死亡增多等现象。
饲料中的钙磷比对鱼的生长有很大的影响，钙大部分可以从水中摄取，而磷在水中的含量很低，主要从饲料中摄取，所以在银鲑幼鱼饲料中加入一定比例的磷脂粉。
小麦胚芽粉，是小麦加工副产品，含有丰富的可消化蛋白质，必需氨基酸的组成优于一般谷物；脂肪中富含维生素E，维生素E对银鲑亲鱼不仅具有重要的营养作用，还可以作为抗氧化剂，对防止饲料中脂肪酸的氧化有重要作用，而且对提高银鲑幼鱼的免疫力和抗病力也起到重要作用。
牛磺酸主要是诱食剂，促进银鲑幼鱼脑组织发育，提高神经传导和视觉功能。
虾皮中矿物质数量和种类很丰富，尤其是钙磷的含量，能保证银鲑幼鱼对矿物质的摄取。
面粉在本饲料中除了提供蛋白质、碳水化合物之外，还能补充维生素和钙、铁、磷、钾、镁等矿物质。
本发明能满足银鲑幼鱼对于营养的要求，诱导进食，提高幼鱼的免疫力，促进幼体脑组织发育，提供幼鱼生长发育所需的能量。
具体实施方式
实施例1
银鲑幼鱼饲料的鱼粉含量35.5%，虾皮2.2%，酵母4.45%，膨化大豆8%，磷脂粉5.2%，面粉6.63%，乳清蛋白粉6.4%，脱脂奶粉2.48%，小麦胚芽粉4.6%，鱼油13.5%，豆油4%，棕榈油2.5%，苜蓿粉2.5%，维生素C0.12%，复合维生素B0.6%，维生素D0.4%，类胡萝卜素0.06%，氯化胆碱0.7%，牛磺酸0.01%，乳化剂0.15%。
实施例2
银鲑幼鱼饲料的鱼粉含量37%，虾皮2%，酵母5%，膨化大豆8%，磷脂粉5%，面粉7%，乳清蛋白粉7%，脱脂奶粉3%，小麦胚芽粉4%，鱼油13%，豆油3%，棕榈油2%，苜蓿粉2%，维生素C0.1%，复合维生素B0.62%，维生素D0.27%，类胡萝卜素0.04%，氯化胆碱0.82%，牛磺酸0.01%，乳化剂0.14%。
实施例3
银鲑幼鱼饲料的鱼粉含量38%，虾皮2.5%，酵母4.8%，膨化大豆8.2%，磷脂粉5.4%，面粉7.05%，乳清蛋白粉6.7%，脱脂奶粉2.68%，小麦胚芽粉4.2%，鱼油12%，豆油2%，棕榈油1.9%，苜蓿粉2.3%，维生素C0.1%，复合维生素B0.65%，维生素D0.4%，类胡萝卜素0.05%，氯化胆碱0.9%，牛磺酸0.01%，乳化剂0.16%。
Claims (2)
1.一种银鲑幼鱼饲料，其特征在于所述银鲑幼鱼饲料包括如下重量百分比的组分：鱼粉在35至39％，虾皮在1至3％，酵母在3至7％，膨化大豆在6至10％，磷脂粉在3至7％，面粉在5至9％，乳清蛋白粉在5至9％，脱脂奶粉在1至5％，小麦胚芽粉在2至6％，鱼油在11至15％，豆油在1至5％，棕榈油在1至3％，苜蓿粉在1.5至2.5％，维生素C在0.05至0.15％，复合维生素B0.5至0.7％，维生素D在0.15至0.45％，类胡萝卜素在0.02至0.06％，氯化胆碱在0.5至1％，牛磺酸在0.01至0.02％，乳化剂在0.1至0.2％。
2.根据权利要求1所述银鲑幼鱼饲料，其特征在于所述银鲑幼鱼饲料包括如下重量百分比的组分：鱼粉35.5％，虾皮2.2％，酵母4.45％，膨化大豆8％，磷脂粉5.2％，面粉6.63％，乳清蛋白粉6.4％，脱脂奶粉2.48％，小麦胚芽粉4.6％，鱼油13.5％，豆油4％，棕榈油2.5％，苜蓿粉2.5％，维生素C 0.12％，复合维生素B 0.6％，维生素D 0.4％，类胡萝卜素0.06％，氯化胆碱0.7％，牛磺酸0.01％，乳化剂0.15％。
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| CN102265986A CN102265986A (zh) | 2011-12-07 |
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| CN103503807B (zh) * | 2013-08-21 | 2015-04-22 | 通威（成都）三文鱼有限公司 | 银鲑鱼苗培育方法 |
| CN104161218A (zh) * | 2014-03-25 | 2014-11-26 | 日照市职业技术学院 | 一种钩鲶鱼类(Ancistrus)幼鱼专用配合饲料制备方法 |
| CN104472959A (zh) * | 2014-12-31 | 2015-04-01 | 通威股份有限公司 | 硬头鳟幼鱼饲料 |
| CN105053631A (zh) * | 2015-07-31 | 2015-11-18 | 通威股份有限公司 | 促进银鲑性腺发育的饲料 |
| CN105558354B (zh) * | 2016-01-26 | 2019-08-20 | 武汉轻工大学 | 饲用鱼油微胶囊及其制备工艺 |
| CN106306555A (zh) * | 2016-08-17 | 2017-01-11 | 刘彩虹 | 一种黄颡鱼保健饲料及其制备方法 |
| CN106578740A (zh) * | 2016-12-30 | 2017-04-26 | 张松波 | 一种环保型幼鱼配合饲料及其制备方法 |
| CN112155137A (zh) * | 2020-11-03 | 2021-01-01 | 吉林省水产科学研究院 | 一种马苏大麻哈鱼幼鱼饲料及其制备方法 |
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