CN102263295B - 一种胶体铅酸蓄电池复合型电解质 - Google Patents

一种胶体铅酸蓄电池复合型电解质 Download PDF

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CN102263295B
CN102263295B CN201110174648.7A CN201110174648A CN102263295B CN 102263295 B CN102263295 B CN 102263295B CN 201110174648 A CN201110174648 A CN 201110174648A CN 102263295 B CN102263295 B CN 102263295B
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刘天晴
左明明
王莹
吴非
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Changsheng Electrical Jiangsu Co Ltd
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Yangzhou University
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Abstract

一种胶体铅酸蓄电池复合型电解质,属于蓄电池生产技术领域。本发明采用聚丙烯酰胺和羧甲基纤维钠为混合胶体稳定剂、金属硫酸盐为添加剂,通过改变各组分含量对电池性能进行了优化,可降低电池早期容量亏损现象的发生,改善胶体电池容量小的问题,充电接受性能好,水分损失少,不易产生热失控,深度放电后恢复性能明显优于普通铅酸电池,电池电极活性物质的利用率提高,可大幅度提高电池的性能。本发明形成的胶体铅蓄电池解决了电池容量低、深度放电后恢复性能差、胶体电解质易在充放电过程中出现的水化分层现象等问题。

Description

一种胶体铅酸蓄电池复合型电解质
技术领域
本发明属于蓄电池生产技术领域。
背景技术
铅酸蓄电池是指电极主要由铅及其氧化物制成,电解液是硫酸溶液的一种蓄电池。铅酸蓄电池具有自身内阻小、放电电流密度大等优点,上个世纪80年代至今,通过改进胶体电解质的性能,使胶体电解质铅蓄电池有了较大的进展。然而,由于电气性能上仍达不到颁布指标,其容量和起动放电性能均低于常规硫酸液体电池,胶体电解质较易出现水化分层现象,固液会出现明显的界面,使电池失效。在胶体电解质中加入复合添加剂,具有不改变电池工业生产过程、附加成本低、效果好、便于推广等优点,目前国内外都积极研制各式各样的电解质添加剂,选择合适的电解质添加剂是改善胶体电池性能的主要途径。
如果胶体铅蓄电池克服了普通电池易漏酸、易失水、深度放电性能差的缺点,则胶体铅蓄电池大电流放电性能良好,并且降低了铅污染和酸污染。因此,选择合适的电解质添加剂是改善胶体电池性能的主要途径。
发明内容
本发明旨在提出一种可深度放电、无水化分层现象的胶体铅酸蓄电池复合型电解质。
本发明由粒径为5~20nm的二氧化硅、硫酸、聚丙烯酰胺、羧甲基纤维素钠、硫酸钠、硫酸钾、硫酸镁、硫酸镧和去离子水组成,各成分占电解质总重量的百分比分别为:0.2%~5.0%二氧化硅,48.5%~58.4%硫酸,0.001%~0.15%聚丙烯酰胺,0.001~0.1%羧甲基纤维素钠,0.01~1.0%硫酸钠,0.02%~1.2%硫酸钾,0.01~0.8%硫酸镁,0.001~0.01%硫酸镧,其余为去离子水。
本发明采用聚丙烯酰胺和羧甲基纤维钠为混合胶体稳定剂、金属硫酸盐为添加剂,通过改变各组分含量对电池性能进行了优化,可降低电池早期容量亏损现象的发生,改善胶体电池容量小的问题,充电接受性能好,水分损失少,不易产生热失控,深度放电后恢复性能明显优于普通铅酸电池,电池电极活性物质的利用率提高,可大幅度提高电池的性能。本发明形成的胶体铅蓄电池解决了电池容量低、深度放电后恢复性能差、胶体电解质易在充放电过程中出现的水化分层现象等问题。
附图说明
图1 为本发明产品在深度放电85%后再充电4h,充、放电循环100次后的电压与放电容量曲线图。
具体实施方式
将粒径为5~20nm的二氧化硅、硫酸盐、聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)和羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)按比例称取重量,加入去离子水所制成的混合液中搅拌静置,慢慢将98%的浓硫酸、硫酸盐加入到该混合溶液中并进行超声分散10~20min,放置2天,使其稳定,即制成了铅蓄电池用胶体复合型电解液。
具体的各成分投料组成占总投料重量百分比(100%)为:
方案1(1#):SiO2:0.2%,Na2SO4:0.02%,K2SO4:0.1%,MgSO4:0.02%,H2SO4:52.62%,聚丙烯酰胺(PAM):0.1%,羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC):0.01%,La2(SO4)3:0.001%,其余为去离子水。
方案2(2#):SiO2:0.3%,Na2SO4:0.2%,K2SO4:0.04%,MgSO4:0.1%,H2SO4:50.26%,聚丙烯酰胺(PAM):0.03%,羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC):0.1%,La2(SO4)3:0.002%,其余为去离子水。
方案3(3#):SiO2:4%,Na2SO4:0.08%,K2SO4:1%,MgSO4:0.01%,H2SO4:48.43%,聚丙烯酰胺(PAM):0.01%,羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC):0.01%,La2(SO4)3:0.001%,其余为去离子水。
方案4(4#):SiO2:4.33%,Na2SO4:0.02%,K2SO4:0.1%,MgSO4:0.02%,H2SO4:47.82%,聚丙烯酰胺(PAM):0.003%,CMC:0.003%,La2(SO4)3:0.001%,其余为去离子水。
方案5(5#):SiO2:5%,Na2SO4:0.02%,K2SO4:0.1%,MgSO4:0.02%,H2SO4:52.62%,聚丙烯酰胺(PAM):0.002%,羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC):0.001%,La2(SO4)3:0.001%,其余为去离子水。
以上各例研制成功的复合型电解质胶体铅酸蓄电池可在深度放电95%后,充电4h,再深度放电95%后,再充电4h。如此循环100次,复合型电解质无水化分层现象,电池的电压和放电容量仍较好,如附图1所示。

Claims (1)

1.一种胶体铅酸蓄电池复合型电解质,其特征在于所述电解质由粒径为5~20nm的二氧化硅、硫酸、聚丙烯酰胺、羧甲基纤维素钠、硫酸钠、硫酸钾、硫酸镁、硫酸镧和去离子水组成,各成分占电解质总重量的百分比分别为:0.2%~5.0%二氧化硅,48.5%~58.4%硫酸,0.001%~0.15%聚丙烯酰胺,0.001~0.1%羧甲基纤维素钠,0.01~1.0%硫酸钠,0.02%~1.2%硫酸钾,0.01~0.8%硫酸镁,0.001~0.01%硫酸镧,其余为去离子水。
CN201110174648.7A 2011-06-27 2011-06-27 一种胶体铅酸蓄电池复合型电解质 Expired - Fee Related CN102263295B (zh)

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CN107331905B (zh) * 2012-06-25 2020-01-14 苏州宝时得电动工具有限公司 电池
CN104362386B (zh) * 2014-10-22 2016-07-06 张俊芸 一种蓄电池用盐类胶体电解质及其制备方法
CN104511266B (zh) * 2014-12-17 2016-08-17 安徽超威电源有限公司 一种铅酸蓄电池用胶体电解液超声加工装置
CN111477978A (zh) * 2020-04-15 2020-07-31 天能电池(芜湖)有限公司 一种适用于部分荷电状态下的胶体电解液

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CN1747216A (zh) * 2005-07-13 2006-03-15 扬州华富实业有限公司 一种铅酸蓄电池用混合胶体电解液及其制备方法
CN1750312A (zh) * 2005-09-23 2006-03-22 周明明 一种铅酸蓄电池胶体电解液
CN101202354A (zh) * 2007-12-21 2008-06-18 扬州大学 固态胶状铅蓄电池电解液
CN101499536A (zh) * 2008-12-05 2009-08-05 晋江华威电源有限公司 胶体电解液的辅助添加剂

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CN1750312A (zh) * 2005-09-23 2006-03-22 周明明 一种铅酸蓄电池胶体电解液
CN101202354A (zh) * 2007-12-21 2008-06-18 扬州大学 固态胶状铅蓄电池电解液
CN101499536A (zh) * 2008-12-05 2009-08-05 晋江华威电源有限公司 胶体电解液的辅助添加剂

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