CN102261932A - Device and method for measuring physical parameters of irregular heterogeneous object - Google Patents
Device and method for measuring physical parameters of irregular heterogeneous object Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and method for measuring the physical parameters of an irregular heterogeneous object. The device comprises a probe bundle, wherein the probe bundle comprises a plurality of thin and long probes which are the same in shape, size and weight; the probes are extended out through a support body having multiple uniformly distributed rows of mutually-parallel round holes, and can be freely raised or lowered in the round holes; and the tail part of each probe is provided with a data transmission line for connecting the probe with a detection host. In the invention, since the probe bundle is composed of the probes which can be freely raised or lowered, the measurement of multiple contact points in a large area can be completed in one step by enabling the probes to be simultaneously in contact with the surfaces of an object to be measured in the vertical direction, and the initial conditions of the probes can be controlled completely, thereby ensuring the stability of the measurement process, and greatly improving the detection efficiency. The probes are high in universality, and can be applied to the measurement and detection on the physical parameters of any irregular heterogeneous object.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to physical parameter detection technique field, be specifically related to a kind of irregularly shaped heterogeneous body object physical parameter detection probe, surface temperature measurement device and tomographic apparatus, be applicable to the measurement and the detection of different classes of erose heterogeneous body object relevant physical parameters.
Background technology
In nature and the artificial converted products, many erose heterogeneous body objects that have are arranged, comprise non-life body, as ore, fruits and vegetables, sample, toy, factory's parts; Also comprise life entity, as animals and plants individuality, organ or tissue.These object surfaces are complex-shaped, and quality is anisotropy, the nonrigid profile that also has mutability that has.For scientific research, produce and the purpose of service, often need to measure all kinds of physical parameters of these objects.As mechanics parameter (skin hardness, elastic modulus etc.), thermal parameters (surface temperature distribution, heat transfer coefficient etc.), electrical parameter (resistance of surperficial point-to-point transmission, impedance, capacitive reactance etc.), magnetics parameter (magnetic permeability, magnetic domain distribution etc.), parameters,acoustic (acoustic impedance of surperficial point-to-point transmission), optical parametric (absorptivity, dispersive power, refractive index etc.).
In most cases, these measurements contact with body surface by sensing probe and realize.People get used to the probe that is connected with instrument with single, and each point is measured respectively on body surface, with behind the pooled analysis as a result, present the distribution situation of this parameter at body surface on computers.
For irregular heterogeneous body object, the measuring method of this quasi-tradition can run into following point: under (1) a lot of situations, the starting condition of measuring is (as the probe initial temperature, probe and surperficial contact pressure, contact area and angle, the displacement of object surface shape and measurement point etc.) very big to the influence of measurement precision.Adopt single probe repeatedly to measure, be difficult to guarantee that each starting condition of measuring can reach consistent.So, to same point, the poor repeatability of measurement result, to difference, the result of measurement does not have comparability.(2) in single probe is repeatedly measured, if with the hand operation probe, interference from human factor (the measurement point position is inaccurate, the hand temperature disturbance, it is constant etc. that pressure can not keep for a long time) inevitable.If handle probe with Electromechanical Control (mechanical arm) mode, positional precision can be very high, but the probe initial temperature is still difficult consistent, controls still just difficulty with the contact pressure on surface, equipment cost rises, and the adaptive faculty (equipment interoperability) of different surfaces and material measurement is descended.(3) because the heterogeneity of complex surfaces shape and material wants to learn physical parameter in body surface or inner distribution, necessary point-to-point measurement, workload is big, and measuring cost increases, the error rate height, the data processing difficulty is big, the software design complexity.
Want to control fully the starting condition of probe, guarantee the stability of measuring process, improve the general ability of detection efficiency and increase equipment, except selecting expensive robotization route, also convertible thinking, probe one-shot measurements more than repeatedly measurement is changed into traditional list probe.Because of its superiority is outstanding, be enough to remedy a little increase of probe cost.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of physical parameters measurement device and measuring method of irregular heterogeneous body object, be intended to solve existing measurement mechanism or equipment and can not control the starting condition of probe fully, can not guarantee the stability of measuring process, the problem of the low and Device-General ability of detection efficiency.
The present invention is achieved in that a kind of physical parameters measurement device of irregular heterogeneous body object, and it is a probe bundle, and described probe bundle includes the identical elongate probe of many shapes, size and weight; Described probe pass one be evenly distributed with many rows be parallel to each other protruding behind the supporter of circular hole, and can free lifting in this circular hole, described probe afterbody is provided with and is used for the data line that is connected with the detection main frame.
Described probe is all located numbering, is convenient to authority data signals collecting and processing sequence and image restoring.
Described heterogeneous body object comprises tissue, organ or the position of lived individuality, biological living and human body, position, four limbs and joint that described tissue or position comprise breast, throat, thyroid gland, have superficial lymph to distribute.
Described probe is a temperature sensor, described temperature sensor is can be by contact heat conduction, convection current or/and the non-contact sensor that radiation mode inspected object surface temperature distribution changes, comprise thermocouple sensor, thermistor (temperature) sensor, semiconductor PN type sensor, quartz crystal vibration temperature probe or pyroelectric infrared sensor.
Described probe is a conductive electrode, matches with ac-excited power supply, utilizes ac-excited power supply to send the physical parameter that energy is measured irregularly shaped heterogeneous body object to object to be detected.
Described physical parameter from irregularly shaped heterogeneous body object to object to be detected transmission energy that utilize ac-excited power supply to measure comprises with ac signal a little less than hanging down high frequency or medium and low frequency as penetrating the energy, measure by the effective voltage of probe input and the ratio of watt current, successively tissue or position are carried out tomoscan, reproduce 2 dimension or 3 d images of deep layer abnormal structure.
Described low high frequency or the weak ac signal of medium and low frequency comprise that frequency is the medium and low frequency ac signal that following frequency electromagnetic waves of 50MHz and frequency are 1-100KHz.
Described probe is that ultrasound wave takes place and receiving sensor, is used to measure any a pair of acoustic impedance that transmits and receives between the probe on the contactant surface.
The present invention also aims to provide a kind of physical parameters measurement device of irregular heterogeneous body object, include described electrode probe, described electrode probe signal is after described data line is sent to interchange amplification and rectification circuit, be sent to the master controller that detects main frame through multidiameter option switch, signal amplification circuit and A/D change-over circuit, described detection main frame also includes the data or image display, the sound prompting/alarm that are connected with described master controller, controls button, storer.
The present invention also aims to provide a kind of physical parameters measurement device of irregular heterogeneous body object, comprise described temperature sensor probe, described temperature sensor signal is after described data line is sent to mu balanced circuit, be sent to the central processing unit that detects main frame through data select switch, pre-amplification circuit and A/D change-over circuit, described detection main frame also includes the data or image display, the sound prompting/alarm that are connected with described central processing unit, controls button, storer;
Described central processing unit is used for pre-set threshold value, determines the correct step of sensor electrical signals collecting, judges starting condition and testing conditions correctness when gathering; Sampled data is added up and calculated; Calculation result data is delivered to data or image display; Storage testing result or data; Obtain data according to detection and judge whether scanning area exists abnormal structure; When sensor signal surpasses pre-set threshold value, send prompting/alerting signal to sound prompting/alarm.
The present invention also aims to provide a kind of physical parameters measurement device of irregular heterogeneous body object that 2 dimensions of tomoscan reproduction deep layer abnormal structure or the measuring method of 3 d image are carried out in the human breast position, may further comprise the steps:
After the person under inspection faces upward and lies low, the intrafascicular heart of electrode probe is aimed at the breast center, vertically put down gently, allow all electrodes contact skins, assurance is equal to the probe deadweight to the pressure of skin, forms the therefrom electrode of the outer multilayer approximate circle round arrangement that distributes of mind-set;
With a figure is a tomography, and the electrode on each tomography is combined as one group in twos, allows each group electrode pass to ac-excited electric signal successively, measures two impedance between electrodes;
Two distance between electrodes factors of deduction obtain normalized resistance value from impedance;
In described fault surface upper edge 90 the degree directions again in twos compound electrode remeasure, obtain another and organize normalized resistance value;
By two groups of resistance values of software analysis, determine position, size and the shape of abnormal area.
But the present invention forms the probe bundle by adopting with the probe of free lifting, to pop one's head in and vertically contact the testee surface simultaneously, can once finish the measurement of a plurality of contact points on the large tracts of land, and can control the starting condition of probe fully, guaranteed the stability of measuring process, improved detection efficiency greatly, and the highly versatile of should popping one's head in can be fit to the measurement and the detection of any irregular heterogeneous body object physical parameter.
Description of drawings
The synoptic diagram of a kind of pick-up unit that Fig. 1 embodiment of the invention provides;
The synoptic diagram of the another kind of pick-up unit that Fig. 2 embodiment of the invention provides;
The structured flowchart of the temperature distribution measuring apparatus that Fig. 3 embodiment of the invention provides;
The structured flowchart of the physical parameters measurement device of a kind of irregular heterogeneous body object that Fig. 4 embodiment of the invention provides;
The a certain tomography top electrode grouping mea-sure synoptic diagram that Fig. 5 embodiment of the invention provides with an abnormal area;
The a certain tomography top electrode grouping mea-sure synoptic diagram that Fig. 6 embodiment of the invention provides with two abnormal areas.
Embodiment
In order to make purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer,, the present invention is further elaborated below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Heterogeneous body object of the present invention comprises tissue, organ or the position of lived individuality, biological living and human body, position, four limbs and joint that described tissue or position comprise breast, throat, thyroid gland, have superficial lymph to distribute.The measurement mechanism of the following stated is applicable to the measurement of the physical parameter of above-mentioned heterogeneous body object.
Referring to Fig. 1, a kind of physical parameters measurement device of irregular heterogeneous body object is equipped with a probe bundle in shell 1, and described probe bundle includes the identical elongate probe of many shapes, size and weight 4; Described probe 4 passes one, and to be evenly distributed be parallel to each other supporter 2 backs of circular hole 3 of many rows protruding, and can free lifting in this circular hole 3, and described probe 4 afterbodys are provided with and are used for the data line that is connected with the detection main frame.Described probe 4 is all located numbering, is convenient to authority data signals collecting and processing sequence and image restoring.The every long 150mm of probe, diameter 1mm, the front end of probe is equipped with negative tempperature coefficient thermistor, 0.01 ℃ of temperature resolution.
Keeping parallelism between the circle center line connecting of the hole 3 on the supporter 2, make pass respectively popping one's head between 4 also of hole 3 can keeping parallelism, hole 3 diameters are a bit larger tham probe 4 diameters, make probe rod in hole 3, freely to rise or to fall, there is the bigger termination of a diameter upper end of probe rod, can prevent that probe rod from dropping out shell fully from hole 3, the distance of 3 of adjacent holes is 1.5mm on the dividing plate, therefore 4 spacings of popping one's head in are about 1.5-2.0mm, can not be in contact with one another when the lifting to guarantee adjacent probe 4.
Referring to shown in Figure 2, the structural representation of the physical parameters measurement device of the another kind of irregular heterogeneous body object that the embodiment of the invention provides, it is that a plurality of probes are formed a line or parallel ordered series of numbers, for being arranged in two row, the 4` that will pop one's head in is arranged among the shell 1` shown in the figure, one shows 10 probe 4`, establishes handle 5 on the shell 1`.
According to different measurement needs, described probe can be temperature sensor, described temperature sensor is can be by contact heat conduction, convection current or/and the non-contact sensor that radiation mode inspected object surface temperature distribution changes, comprise thermocouple sensor, thermistor (temperature) sensor, semiconductor PN type sensor, quartz crystal vibration temperature probe or pyroelectric infrared sensor.
The temperature sensor collection be two class physical quantitys: the one, have definite material, determine structure, determine quality, determine shape, determine size, determine the probe of thermal parameter and definite initial temperature, be subjected to body skin when heating, the speed parameter that its temperature raises.This parameter can be a programming rate, also can be the added value of temperature in the certain hour or raises the required time of a constant temperature; Another kind of is to have definite material, determines structure, determines quality, determines shape, determines size, determines the temperature sensor of thermal parameter and definite initial temperature, reaches temperature displayed value after the thermal equilibrium with body skin.Measure last class parameter, required time very short (in 5 seconds).Measure back one class parameter, required time is much longer, but data are more stable.
Described probe also can be the conductive electrode that matches with ac-excited power supply, so just can utilize ac-excited power supply to send the physical parameter that energy is measured irregularly shaped heterogeneous body object to object to be detected.
Described physical parameter from irregularly shaped heterogeneous body object to object to be detected transmission energy that utilize ac-excited power supply to measure comprises with ac signal a little less than hanging down high frequency or medium and low frequency as penetrating the energy, measure by the effective voltage of probe input and the ratio of watt current, successively tissue or position are carried out tomoscan, reproduce 2 dimension or 3 d images of deep layer abnormal structure.
Described low high frequency or the weak ac signal of medium and low frequency comprise that frequency is the medium and low frequency ac signal that following frequency electromagnetic waves of 50MHz and frequency are 1-100KHz.
Described probe can also be that ultrasound wave takes place and receiving sensor, if ultrasound wave takes place and receiving sensor, then can be used to measure any a pair of acoustic impedance that transmits and receives between the probe on the contactant surface.
Referring to Fig. 4, a kind of physical parameters measurement device of irregular heterogeneous body object, comprise the temperature sensor probe bundle, described temperature sensor signal is after described data line is sent to mu balanced circuit, be sent to the central processing unit that detects main frame through data select switch, pre-amplification circuit and A/D change-over circuit, described detection main frame also includes the data or image display, the sound prompting/alarm that are connected with described central processing unit, controls button, storer;
Described central processing unit is used for pre-set threshold value, determines the correct step of sensor electrical signals collecting, judges starting condition and testing conditions correctness when gathering; Sampled data is added up and calculated; Calculation result data is delivered to data or image display; Storage testing result or data; Obtain data according to detection and judge whether scanning area exists abnormal structure; When sensor signal surpasses pre-set threshold value, send prompting/alerting signal to sound prompting/alarm.
Concrete when using this measurement mechanism, before measurement,, allow the probe temperature homogenising by allowing each probe sensor contact determine the mode of the good conductor plate of the flow media (air or liquid) of temperature or definite temperature, realize the unanimity of probe initial temperature; Vertical direction about the maintenance 90 of will popping one's head in is then spent makes a plurality of sensors contact the testee surface simultaneously, once finishes the measurement than a plurality of contact points on the large tracts of land; The pressure that sensor relies on probe own wt and measured surface to be maintained fixed finishes until measuring; Detect the relatively signal that sends of each probe sensor of main frame, can judge the starting condition of probe and the correctness of detected state, fail contactant surface or measured zone and probe harness shape as indivedual probes and do not match.
The connection lead of sensor passes stainless-steel tube inside, is connected with the surface-mounted integrated circuit that is arranged on probe bundle shell upper.Circuit board is made up of power circuit, data select switch, preposition amplifying circuit and A/D conversion line.Sensor signal is connected with host cpu by lead through data select switch and after preposition amplifying circuit amplifies.Main frame is made up of power supply circuit, central processing unit, data or image display, sound prompting/alarm, computer interface, control button, power switch, clock line and shell etc.
Described power circuit comprises rectifier cell, transformer and voltage stabilizing operation circuit part.If adopt 220V or 110V power supply, required transformer should be converted into the low pressure that is not higher than 30V, and rectifier becomes DC voltage with it.The effect of voltage stabilizer is keep supply voltage stable, because each thermistor needs in full accord and stablizes constant voltage and current.Also can adopt 12V direct current supply, but for preventing that cell voltage from descending, and must add the voltage stabilizing circuit in addition.
The effect of data select switch is the sequencing that the dispensing probe signal enters amplifying circuit.Data enter prime amplifier through after the selector switch, and faint temperature signal is amplified.Be not subjected to the influence of follow-up circuit in order to ensure the linear compensation feature of signal, need add a follower, will oppositely amplify, make with the raise voltage that successively decreases of temperature to become and increase progressively by the temperature voltage of follower at the output terminal of temperature signal.Positive linear relationship between formation temperature and the voltage.The enlargement factor of prime amplifier generally should not be lower than 10 times, and the zero point of amplifying circuit is preferably adjustable.
Signal is amplified into the A/D conversion, and being about to electrical signal conversion is digital signal.A/D conversion is controlled by main frame central die processor, and the latter starts the A/D conversion by sheet choosing mouthful and access hole, changes the aft engine that finishes and reads the least-significant byte of translation data and high 4 at twice.
Sound prompting/alarm is connected with the INT0 mouth of central die processing unit.When initial conditioned disjunction testing conditions is improper, sound prompting/alarm sounding, the prompting user adjusts sensor or stops to detect.When finding obvious temperature anomaly is arranged in the scanning, can also report to the police automatically.
Central processing unit has following function:
(1) determines the correct step that temperature signal is gathered, the correctness of starting condition and testing conditions when judging collection.After start, if the initial temperature between each probe is inconsistent, instrument meeting shows signal allowing probe continue contact and determining the flow media (air or liquid) of temperature or the good conductor plate of definite temperature, till the initial temperature unanimity of all probes.When contact skin begins to detect, if the sensor that indivedual probes are arranged is because of mechanical fault or other reasons, fail to contact skin, at this moment bigger difference can appear between the temperature signal of receiving, the sensor that does not have to contact or only slightly contact skin send the electricity signal value can be starkly lower than other sensors, the process chip of central processing unit will be judged automatically, allow sound prompting/alarm sound a buzzer and demonstrate this number of sensor on display screen, the prompting user checks and adjusts the probe of this position.Equally, when the profile of scanning area and linear transducer array shape were no longer mated, main frame also can be sounded a buzzer, and the prompting testing conditions changes, and the data that obtain are meaningless;
(2) sampled data is added up and calculated;
(3) result of calculation being delivered to display shows;
(4) storage testing result or connect RAM data-carrier store storage data by interface;
(5) obtain data according to detection and judge whether scanning area exists abnormal structure, if any, then show relevant information automatically, remind the user to note or the checking of resurveying;
(6) sound equipment or controlling alarm;
(7) key control is preset and pressed to other parameters.
The body surface temperature profile of measuring can show on computer screen by software, also can directly show on host display.For showing more clear tissue abnormalities information, can adopt LCD.
Use this device and above-mentioned probe using method, can realize the breast surface Temperature Distribution is measured accurately and efficiently.Its ultimate principle is: breast lesion can roughly be divided into optimum and pernicious two classes.Benign tumour is made up of the cell of differentiation and maturation, and growth is slow, and metabolism is slow, and density is big, is expansion property to development all around, and is more lower slightly than the temperature of normal surrounding tissue; On the contrary, malignant tumour (as breast cancer) is by jejune cellularity, rich blood vessel, the metabolic rate height, growth rapidly, temperature is mostly apparently higher than normal surrounding tissue.So the pathological tissues that is positioned at shallow table can be judged by the measurement result that shell temperature distributes.
The distribution of shell temperature has certain clinical medicine meaning.Especially at some privileged site, unusual Temperature Distribution may be the sign of serious disease.Such as the rising of joint part temperature, may be arthritis, the sign of bone tuberculosis or goat.Some regional temperature anomaly of throat portion is perhaps relevant with thyroid cancer.
The skin temperature in breast cancer zone that is positioned at shallow-layer has following feature than the high about 1-3 in peripheral region ℃:
(1) the whole breast temperature of suffering from breast cancer one side is often than the normal side height (temperature difference＞1.5oC), and with disease progression, the temperature difference is increase trend;
(2) there is the hot-zone that is the spot intersection part of Ipsilateral breast;
(3) Ipsilateral mammary areola environment temperature increases;
(4) the Ipsilateral breast can present the abnormal vascular image.
It is as follows to use this device to measure the step of breast surface Temperature Distribution:
(1) start;
(2) instrument detects all probe initial temperatures automatically;
If each probe temperature difference less than certain value (as 0.05 ℃), can begin to detect.Otherwise the lower end of will popping one's head in is positioned over heat conduction good metal (as copper or aluminium) plate the preceding paragraph time (as 2 minutes), impels the probe temperature homogenising.Again detect initial temperature then;
(3) begin to prepare to detect, the person under inspection lies low, and faces up, and exposes breast to be checked.Operator's hand hold transducer bundle shell handle vertically downward, makes all probes drop to extreme lower position.
(4) bundle of will popping one's head in is aimed at breast, makes nipple be in the intrafascicular heart of probe position, vertically puts down gently.Allow all probes contact skins, and guarantee that probe is equal to the probe deadweight to the pressure of skin.As because of reasons such as mechanical faults, to pop one's head in individually and fail to contact smoothly skin, instrument is reported to the police automatically and is shown the prompting of resurveying.
(5) in the testing process, it is motionless that people and equipment keep.After data acquisition is finished, the automatic sounding of hummer, prompting detects and finishes.Upwards removing probe bundle, being put on the thermal conductive metal plate, making probe temperature again after the homogenising, detecting the opposite side breast.
(6) detection is finished, shutdown.
When using detection probe Shu Jinhang shown in Figure 2 to measure, at first face upward and lie low by the person under inspection, hand-held handle, the bundle of will popping one's head in is placed on a certain position of breast, after detection obtains the surface temperature distribution at this position, mentioning the probe bundle, after waiting for each temp probe initial temperature unanimity, detect another position again, after all surface had all detected, surveying instrument showed the Temperature Distribution of each position or whole breast surface automatically.
It is that much less is wanted in a kind of design before the required spy specific lobe that this probe is arranged biggest advantage.Though detection time is long, operation is complicated slightly, and instrument cost is low, is suitable for individual or family and buys.
Above-mentioned technology also is applicable to the lesion detection of other superficial place or tissue, as the superficial lymph cancer, and thyroid cancer, arthritis, cutaneum carcinoma and skin surface inflammation etc.
But,, then need just can detect with other technological means such as being positioned at following 3-5cm in skin of breast surface and darker pathological tissues for the pathological tissues that is positioned at below the skin than the position, deep.
The method of the detection of deep tissues mainly contains molybdenum target X ray breast camera work and CT scan (CT) at present.
The photography of molybdenum target X ray breast is that the most popular breast cancer in the present whole world is generally investigated means in early days.But because high-energy ray brings out the potential danger of breast cancer and bigger misdiagnosis rate to the injury of human body, its validity and the scope of application more and more are under suspicion.
CT scan (CT) is a kind of convenience, rapid and painless medical inspection method.But many X-ray experts think that CT scan is found the effect of infantile tumour and good not as what imagine, accept the people of this inspection, and the danger of suffering from cancer is unlike being exposed to the dangerous little of nuclear explosion radiation area.
Referring to shown in Figure 4, the embodiment of the invention provides a kind of tomographic apparatus that is used for deep tissues, and the scanning that it can be used for the following pathology deep tissues than the position, deep of skin comprises the scanning of breast deep layer pathological tissues.Its probe has the conductive electrode that conduction good metal (as copper, silver or aluminium) is made for adopting, and adopts probe bundle structure shown in Figure 1, and wherein, it is positive and negative that described electrode is regardless of, and contacts the electrodeless usefulness that turns into skin; Described electrode probe connects ac-excited power supply by metering circuit; Described electrode probe signal is after described data line is sent to interchange amplification and rectification circuit, be sent to the master controller that detects main frame through signal amplification circuit, multi-way switch and A/D change-over circuit, described detection main frame also includes the data or image display, the sound prompting/alarm that are connected with described master controller, controls button, storer.
Described master controller is carried out following function:
(1) determines the correct step of electrical signal collection, judge the correctness of starting condition and testing conditions when gathering.After start, if the initial temperature between each probe is inconsistent, instrument meeting shows signal allowing probe continue contact and determining the flow media (air or liquid) of temperature or the good conductor plate of definite temperature, till the initial temperature unanimity of all probes.When contact skin begins to detect, if the sensor that indivedual probes are arranged is because of mechanical fault or other reasons, fail to contact skin, at this moment bigger difference can appear between the transducing signal of receiving, the sensor that does not have to contact or only slightly contact skin send the electricity signal value can be starkly lower than other sensors, master controller will judge automatically that enable voice prompting/alarm is sounded a buzzer and demonstrate this number of sensor on display screen, and the prompting user checks and adjust the probe of this position.Equally, when the profile of scanning area and linear transducer array shape were no longer mated, main frame also can be sounded a buzzer, and the prompting testing conditions changes, and the data that obtain are meaningless;
(2) sampled data is carried out statistics and analysis;
(3) result of calculation being delivered to display shows;
(4) storage testing result or connect RAM data-carrier store storage data by interface;
(5) obtain data according to detection and judge whether scanning area exists abnormal structure, if any, then show relevant information automatically, remind the user to note or the checking of resurveying;
(6) sound equipment or controlling alarm;
(7) key control is preset and pressed to other parameters.
The present invention adopts ac signal a little less than safe and harmless low high frequency of human body or the medium and low frequency as the energy that penetrates tissue, utilize above-mentioned probe bundle technology, breast or other tissue or position are carried out tomoscan, reproduce 2 dimension or 3 d images of deep layer abnormal structure, be similar to another kind of nothing injury CT technology.
This equipment of utilization is to carrying out tomoscan to breast or other tissue or position, reproduces 2 dimensions of deep layer abnormal structure or the principle of 3 d image to be: the component of bio-tissue and structure have certain difference, and especially the water percentage difference is bigger, thereby the electric property difference.Experiment shows that also these electric properties are also relevant with the power frequency that acts on tissue.High frequency waves have following electrical characteristics in Fu Shui tissue (as skin and muscle):
By contrast, the electrical characteristics in weary water tissue (as fat and bone) have a great difference:
From above-mentioned data as can be seen, because the water percentage difference, under the high frequency waves effect of same frequency, specific inductive capacity between the tissue or conductivity can differ nearly ten times.In the Fu Shui tissue, the loss of high frequency waves will be much higher than the loss in weary water tissue.So under microwave action, the temperature of Fu Shui tissue raises and organizes much obvious than weary water.Here it is, and microwave causes occurring between different tissues the reason of the temperature difference.
When the electric current of medium and low frequency passes through human body, fat, bone is higher than the impedance of muscle and other rich water tissues.The characteristic frequency electric signal that utilizes safety a bit enters human body from the skin, arrives another point, and electric signal can produce the variation of impedance because of the existence of abnormal structure in the passage.Breast cancer tissue's rich blood vessel is rich in blood, and impedance is lower.Optimum fibroma is moisture few, the impedance height.Hyperplasia and inflammatory masses and masses are between the centre.
If the employing direct current, since cell membrane (immobilized artificial membrane) insulation relatively, poorly conductive, and electric current can not pass human body.What measure is not human body impedance (for direct current, not having this notion of impedance), but the dermatopolyneuritis of human body.There are polarization, direct current resistance to want tens minutes ability stable when in addition, direct current is by human body.The direct current resistance of human body is about 20-500 kilo-ohm, and real human body AC impedance is generally all below 1 kilo-ohm.Generally do not adopt the penetrating capacity of direct current among the present invention as biological tissue.But when detection of skin resistance and inorganic matter, do not get rid of the use direct current.
Among the present invention, adopt lower high frequency (being lower than 50MHz) or medium and low frequency (as 1-100kHz) sine wave AC electric signal to act on human body.
Body tissue is considered as the circuit of resistance and electric capacity combination, measurement be the voltage effective value and the ratio of current effective value of input, i.e. resistance value, its sign be prevention and the resistant function of body tissue to alternating current.
It is as follows to use this equipment to carry out the step that tomoscan measures:
(1) start;
(2) instrument self checking;
(3) begin to prepare to detect, the person under inspection lies low, and faces up, and exposes breast to be checked.Operator's hand hold transducer bundle shell handle vertically downward, makes all probes drop to extreme lower position;
(4) electrode bundle is aimed at breast, make nipple be in the electrode bundle center, vertically put down gently.Allow all electrodes contact skins, and guarantee that its pressure to skin is equal to the electrode deadweight.
If because of reasons such as mechanical faults, the individual electrode skin of failing to contact smoothly, instrument is reported to the police automatically, and shows the prompting of resurveying.
(5) instrument is divided into electrode some tomographies automatically, and the electrode spread on each layer becomes the approximate circle round.From bottom circle, will measure resistance value successively after the electrode grouping earlier, data deposit instrument in.Measure each tomography one by one, by software for calculation the uniform data of each tomography is handled at last, form 2 dimensions or 3 d image and be presented on the computer screen.
In the tomography testing process, it is motionless that people and equipment keep.After data acquisition is finished, the automatic sounding of hummer, prompting detects and finishes.Upwards remove the probe bundle, begin to detect the opposite side breast.
(6) detection is finished, shutdown.
Because the shape that raises up of breast make that the electrode rising in centre is more, and the rising of edge is less, if from the surface level direction, just forms with the nipple electrode of the multilayer approximate circle round arrangement that is the center.The circle of bottom is big, and the electrode of arrangement is many.Near the center, circle is more little more, and the electrode of arrangement is few more.With a circle is a tomography, and breast just is divided into several tomographies from horizontal direction.
As shown in Figure 5,, be combined as one group in twos with the electrode on each tomography, such as A-a, B-b, C-c, D-d, E-e, F-f, G-g and H-h allow each group electrode pass to the midfrequent AC exciting current successively, measure two impedance between electrodes.Owing to there is not polarization, the contact resistance influence of electrode and skin is less.But the distance of every group of electrode measurement is different, must deduct the influence factor of distance between two electrodes from the impedance of measuring, and just can obtain normalized resistance value.After obtaining the impedance of all electrode groups, deposit instrument in.On same fault plane, with electrode combination in twos again, promptly form A-H, B-G, C-F, D-E, a-h, b-g, c-f and d-e electrode pair along 90 degree directions.Remeasure then, obtain another and organize normalized impedance data.
Supposing has an abnormal area (shadow region among Fig. 5) on this tomography, its impedance less than or greater than the normal structure impedance.E-e then, the resistance value after the normalization that F-f and A-H combination of electrodes are measured is just less or bigger.Thus, by software analysis, can know roughly that the infall at three groups of electrode connecting lines has a pernicious or optimum exceptions area.Along with the increase of electrode spread density, the shape of abnormal area and positional precision can improve gradually.
For the confirmatory measurement result, can be on other direction again electrode grouping back be measured, then grouping mea-sure again on 90 degree directions.With result's contrast, confirm position, shape and the size of abnormal area.
If there is a more than abnormal area (shade as shown in Figure 6) on this tomography, the grouping of electrode needs repeatedly to attempt, and avoids a strip electrode that line is passed a plurality of abnormal areas, in order to avoid the computing machine error in judgement.Such as pressing D-B, A-E, a-f, b-G, c-H, d-h and e-g electrode pair are measured, and the impedance that the b-G electrode pair is measured is very little.Press a-c then, A-d, B-e, C-f, D-g, E-h and F-H electrode pair detect, and can find that the impedance that B-e and D-g combination measures is less, judge that thus b-G electrode pair line has passed two exceptions area.
This judgement more complicated, computing machine is made mistakes easily.If change a direction, such as pressing D-E, C-F, B-G earlier, A-H, a-h, b-g, c-f and d-e arrange and measure, pressing A-a, B-b, C-c, D-d, E-e, F-f, the arrangement of G-g and H-h is measured, just easily according to A-H, and a-h, the low impedance value that four pairs of electrode pairs of D-d and E-e are measured, judging has two abnormal areas, and its position is on the point of crossing of four pairs of electrode pair lines.
For convenience on electrode successively energising load, each electrode must be numbered, the electrode grouping is undertaken by design in advance earlier.The result can not determine as one-shot measurement, can allow instrument change a kind of default packet mode (electrode matches automatically), till grouping mea-sure all obtains equifinality several times.
In addition, detect position (as throat's thyroid gland, osteoarthrosis), can change the ac frequency and the intensity of input electrode, on experiment basis, formulate frequency and the intensity that is suitable for different tissues and position in order to optimize testing result and to adapt to other.For human body safety, also need consider the various influences (as the thermal effect and the non-thermal effect of microwave) of action intensity and action time to human body, formulate corresponding standard.
Tomographic apparatus technology of the present invention is compared with existing breast cancer generaI investigation technology in the world, has following advance:
(1) be different from biochemistry detection, this technology adopts complete noninvasive detection mode, need not take a blood sample or collect body fluid, has alleviated the patient suffering, has also avoided any infection risk.
(2) be different from X ray photography or CT and detect, do not send any ray or only launch low-energy harmless electric signal, the patient is perfectly safe according to the equipment of this technical research.
(3) accuracy of detection is higher than the B ultrasonic detection, can measure subcutaneous reaching deeply more than the 50mm, little early stage abnormal mass to 1-2mm, tubercle or mammary cancer 1 phase (T
0Cancer) tissue.
(4) no matter from temperature resolution, investigation depth and positional precision are seen, all are better than general infrared thermoviewer.
(5) can pass through software for calculation, the size of diseased region and position be shown with two dimension or three-dimensional visual image, as the reference of further making a definite diagnosis.
(6) need not any reagent or test paper, power consumption is little, and it is low to detect cost.
(7) can guarantee the consistance of starting condition and the reducing of human factor when measuring, data are reliable, good reproducibility.
(8) testing conditions is loose, does not need constant-temperature enclosed space, the serviceability temperature wide ranges.
(9) information of the whole tissue of disposable acquisition, Measuring Time is short, and is easy to use, the automaticity height, equipment volume is little.
(10) except that breast lesion, also can be used for the early detection of other diseases (as thyroid cancer, bone tumour, cutaneum carcinoma and peripheral vascular disease etc.).
(11) technology is simple and practical, and the cost of instrument is generally investigated instrument far below other, is the at present rare in the world instrument of checking oneself that is applicable to early stage mammary gland that household person uses and other illness.
(12) can pass through by the mode measure physical parameters of probe, and the character and the parameter of probe transmission energy be optimized measurement result by changing to object to be detected transmission energy.
(13) can also improve probe and surperficial contact condition by surface treatment to testee.
Each probe of the present invention is parallel to each other, and distance between the probe and position are determined; Sensor is fixed on the probe front end, probe vertically contacts the testee surface simultaneously, once can finish the measurement of a plurality of contact points on the large tracts of land, before the measurement, by allowing the contact of each probe sensor determine the mode of the good conductor of the flow media (air or liquid) of temperature or definite temperature, allow the probe temperature homogenising, the unanimity of the initial temperature that can realize popping one's head in.Can also with the spacing between reducing to pop one's head in, improve the positional precision of surface parameter measurement by reducing probe and respective sensor size; In addition, adopt same metering system and probe unit equipment, only need to change sensor type, promptly can be used for different physical parameters measurements, can be used for the measurement of object to be detected surface temperature distribution such as temperature sensor, be changed to conductive electrode after, can surface measurements electrical parameter between wantonly 2, as be changed to ultrasound emission and receiving transducer, can measure the acoustic impedance between the probe of transmitting and receiving of contactant surface, thereby have very strong versatility.
The above only is a preferred implementation of the present invention; should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite that does not break away from the principle of the invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the physical parameters measurement device of an irregular heterogeneous body object is characterized in that, it is a probe bundle, and described probe bundle includes the identical elongate probe of many shapes, size and weight; Described probe pass one be evenly distributed with many rows be parallel to each other protruding behind the supporter of circular hole, and can free lifting in this circular hole, described probe afterbody is provided with and is used for the data line that is connected with the detection main frame; Described probe is all located numbering, is convenient to authority data signals collecting and processing sequence and image restoring.
2. according to the physical parameters measurement device of claim 1 or 2 each described irregular heterogeneous body objects, it is characterized in that, described heterogeneous body object comprises tissue, organ or the position of lived individuality, biological living and human body, position, four limbs and joint that described tissue or position comprise breast, throat, thyroid gland, have superficial lymph to distribute.
3. the physical parameters measurement device of irregular heterogeneous body object according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described probe is a temperature sensor, described temperature sensor is can be by contact heat conduction, convection current or/and the non-contact sensor that radiation mode inspected object surface temperature distribution changes, comprise thermocouple sensor, thermistor (temperature) sensor, semiconductor PN type sensor, quartz crystal vibration temperature probe or pyroelectric infrared sensor.
4. the physical parameters measurement device of irregular heterogeneous body object according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described probe is a conductive electrode, match with ac-excited power supply, utilize ac-excited power supply to send the physical parameter that energy is measured irregularly shaped heterogeneous body object to object to be detected.
5. the physical parameters measurement device of irregular heterogeneous body object according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described physical parameter from irregularly shaped heterogeneous body object to object to be detected transmission energy that utilize ac-excited power supply to measure comprises with ac signal a little less than hanging down high frequency or medium and low frequency as penetrating the energy, measure by the effective voltage of probe input and the ratio of watt current, successively tissue or position are carried out tomoscan, reproduce 2 dimension or 3 d images of deep layer abnormal structure.
6. the physical parameters measurement device of irregular heterogeneous body object according to claim 5, it is characterized in that described low high frequency or the weak ac signal of medium and low frequency comprise that frequency is the medium and low frequency ac signal that following frequency electromagnetic waves of 50MHz and frequency are 1-100KHz.
7. the physical parameters measurement device of irregular heterogeneous body object according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described probe is that ultrasound wave takes place and receiving sensor, is used to measure any a pair of acoustic impedance that transmits and receives between the probe on the contactant surface.
8. the physical parameters measurement device of an irregular heterogeneous body object, include the described probe bundle of claim 4, it is characterized in that, described conductive electrode probe signal is after described data line is sent to interchange amplification and rectification circuit, be sent to the master controller that detects main frame through multidiameter option switch, signal amplification circuit and A/D change-over circuit, described detection main frame also includes the data or image display, the sound prompting/alarm that are connected with described master controller, controls button, storer.
9. the physical parameters measurement device of an irregular heterogeneous body object, include the described probe bundle of claim 3, it is characterized in that, the signal of described temperature sensor is after described data line is sent to mu balanced circuit, be sent to the central processing unit that detects main frame through data select switch, pre-amplification circuit and A/D change-over circuit, described detection main frame also includes the data or image display, the sound prompting/alarm that are connected with described central processing unit, controls button, storer;
Described central processing unit is used for pre-set threshold value, determines the correct step of sensor electrical signals collecting, judges starting condition and testing conditions correctness when gathering; Sampled data is added up and calculated; Calculation result data is delivered to data or image display; Storage testing result or data; Obtain data according to detection and judge whether scanning area exists abnormal structure; When sensor signal surpasses pre-set threshold value, send prompting/alerting signal to sound prompting/alarm.
10. a physical parameters measurement method of utilizing the described device of claim 1-9 to non-regular heterogeneous body object is carried out tomoscan to the human breast position and is reproduced 2 dimensions of deep layer abnormal structure or the measurement of 3 d image, may further comprise the steps:
After the person under inspection faces upward and lies low, the intrafascicular heart of electrode probe is aimed at the breast center, vertically put down gently, allow all electrodes contact skins, assurance is equal to the probe deadweight to the pressure of skin, forms the therefrom electrode of the outer multilayer approximate circle round arrangement that distributes of mind-set;
With a figure is a tomography, and the electrode on each tomography is combined as one group in twos, allows each group electrode pass to ac-excited electric signal successively, measures two impedance between electrodes;
Two distance between electrodes factors of deduction obtain normalized resistance value from impedance;
In described fault surface upper edge 90 the degree directions again in twos compound electrode remeasure, obtain another and organize normalized resistance value;
By two groups of resistance values of software analysis, determine position, size and the shape of abnormal area.
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| CN105266765A (en) * | 2014-11-10 | 2016-01-27 | 北京至感传感器技术研究院有限公司 | Device for detecting physiological changes of breasts |
| CN105444992A (en) * | 2015-11-24 | 2016-03-30 | 深圳市华星光电技术有限公司 | Measurement method of curved surface display panel, measurement probe and measurement system |
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| CN110361069A (en) * | 2019-08-15 | 2019-10-22 | 上海交通大学 | A kind of measurement method and device of wave section |
| CN112528488A (en) * | 2020-12-07 | 2021-03-19 | 上海卫星工程研究所 | Satellite shadow period thermal compensation power consumption saving method and system based on heat capacity difference |
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Application publication date: 20111130 |