CN102248720A - 用于光伏模块的背板及其制造方法 - Google Patents

用于光伏模块的背板及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN102248720A
CN102248720A CN2011101263706A CN201110126370A CN102248720A CN 102248720 A CN102248720 A CN 102248720A CN 2011101263706 A CN2011101263706 A CN 2011101263706A CN 201110126370 A CN201110126370 A CN 201110126370A CN 102248720 A CN102248720 A CN 102248720A
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郑有生
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于光伏模块的背板及其制造方法。背板包含有介电层、设置于介电层上的粘着层、设置于粘着层上的阻隔层以及设置于阻隔层上的耐候层。而耐候层含有沥青材料。背板的制造方法包含有下列步骤:提供聚酯树脂介电层、在聚酯树脂介电层上铺设粘着层、在粘着层上铺设金属阻隔层,以使金属阻隔层结合在聚酯树脂介电层上,以及在金属阻隔层上铺设沥青层。

Description

用于光伏模块的背板及其制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种光伏模块(PV模块),并且特别是涉及一种背板含有沥青材料的光伏模块。
背景技术
光伏模块是一种能将光能转换为电能的组件。光伏模块通常制成叠层的结构,且至少包含一个光伏电池串和一个密封系统。光伏电池串是由多个光伏电池所组成,而密封系统包含前板、背保护板与聚合物材料。光伏电池设置于前板与背板之间,且通过聚合物材料与前板和背保护板粘合密封。这样的叠层结构可以机械支撑易碎的硅电池,也可保护电池/模块以抵抗环境恶化的作用。
用于户外光伏电场或屋顶的光伏模块需要在其操作寿命中都能耐受恶劣的户外环境,使得产业界对于如何增加光伏模块的寿命来降低光伏电能的成本非常感兴趣。对于光伏模块的寿命来说,除了光伏电池串本身之外,密封系统是具有极高可靠度的组件。一般来说,背板的主要功能包含有阻隔水气/湿气、抗紫外线、电绝缘、机械支撑、保护以及耐候性。
传统的背板是叠层结构,且具有耐候层。已知含氟聚合物对于紫外线辐射具有高抵抗能力,而可广泛应用于耐候层中。然而,含氟聚合物相当昂贵,会增加光伏模块的制造成本。
因此,在光伏模块的技术领域中,需要一种具有耐久性且成本低的材料用作耐候层。
发明内容
本发明内容旨在提供本公开内容的简化概述,以使阅读者对本公开内容具备基本的理解。此概述并非对本公开内容的完整概述,且其用意并非在于指出本发明实施例的重要/关键组件或界定本发明的范围。
本发明的一方面是提供一种光伏模块的背板装置。此背板的耐候层含有沥青材料,以取代现有技术中的含氟聚合物。沥青材料可提供对于天气(气候)的耐久保护功能,且成本低于含氟聚合物。此外,沥青材料可用以粘着邻近的材料层,而不需要额外使用粘着剂。依据生产公司资料得知,例示的商用沥青涂层UNIFLEX 500
Figure BSA00000498473900021
可直接铺设在铝制屋顶,因此可减少背板的制造时间与成本。
依据本发明的一个实施方式,背板包含介电层、设置于介电层上的粘着层、设置于粘着层上的阻隔层以及设置于阻隔层上的耐候层,且耐候层含有沥青材料。
本发明的另一方面是提供一种光伏模块。此光伏模块含有依据本发明内容及实施例的背板,因此,此光伏模块受到保护以耐受天候。
本发明的又一方面是提供一种制造光伏模块的背板装置的方法。根据此方法,沥青材料而非氟聚合物,可用作耐候层。
依据本发明的一个实施方式,背板装置的制造方法包含下列步骤:提供聚酯树脂介电层,在聚酯树脂介电层上铺设粘着层。在粘着层上铺设金属阻隔层,因此金属阻隔层可粘合聚酯树脂介电层。在金属阻隔层上铺设沥青层。因此,可得到光伏模块的叠层背板。
在参阅下文实施方式后,本发明所属技术领域中的普通技术人员可轻易了解本发明的基本精神及其它发明目的,以及本发明所采用的技术手段与实施方式。
附图简要说明
为了使本发明的上述和其它目的、特征、优点与实施例能更明显易懂,提供附图,其中:
图1绘示依照本发明一个实施方式的背板示意图。
图2绘示依照本发明一个实施方式的光伏模块示意图。
具体实施方式
下述将更详细讨论本发明的实施方式。然而,此实施方式可为各种发明概念的应用,可被具体实行在各种不同特定的范围内。特定的实施方式是仅以说明为目的,且不受限于所公开的范围。
除非在内容中特别提及,否则单数可包含复数个(如“一”可意指一个、至少一个或多个)。本文中所使用的“约”用以修饰任何可些微变化的数量,但这种些微变化并不会改变其本质。对于界定的上下限范围,些微高于或低于的数值变化,其可用以达到与界定的上下限范围内相同的结果。公开的范围为连续的范围,其包含上下限之间的每一数值。
用于户外的光伏模块的操作寿命最好在20年以上。为此,通常使用光伏模块的背板中的耐候层来保护光伏模块不受到紫外线暴露、湿气凝结、空气或氧气渗入等天候因素影响。用于耐候层的主导材料之一为含氟聚合物,例如TEDLAR
Figure BSA00000498473900031
(由杜邦公司制造的聚氟乙烯树脂的商品名)。然而,正如在背景技术叙述中的讨论,这样的含氟聚合物相当昂贵。
在寻找耐候层的替代材料时,本发明人注意到了沥青材料。沥青是由精炼原油而得,一般包含有油及焦油的物质。沥青是世界上最广泛应用的粘合剂且用以铺路。此外,沥青也可用来铺设屋顶磁砖。
背板的结构
本发明的一个方面是将沥青材料应用于光伏模块中,以代替作为耐候层的传统含氟聚合物层。在本发明的此方面中,沥青材料除了可作为耐候层之外,也可作为粘着剂。因此,可减少背板的制造时间与成本。
为了本发明的目的,用词“沥青材料”意指为含有沥青的材料。并且,在说明书中自始至终的用词“沥青材料(bituminous material)”与“沥青(bitumen)”,可以用用词“沥青(asphalt)”来替代,且实质上意指为石油沥青(petroleumasphalt)。
依据本发明的一个实施例,背板具有叠在一起的多层材料层。参照图1,为依据本发明一个实施例的背板100,其包含有介电层105、粘着层110、阻隔层115与耐候层120。粘着层110设置在介电层105与阻隔层115之间,且由此使阻隔层115的一表面与介电层105结合。耐候层120含有沥青材料,且设置在阻隔层115的另一表面(即相反于结合介电层105的另一表面)上。
依据本发明的实施方式,介电层105为任何可作为电绝缘体的材料,较佳为聚合物介电层。
一例示的聚合物介电层为聚酯树脂。聚酯树脂包含但不限制于:聚对苯二甲酸二乙酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯、聚邻苯二甲酸乙二酯或苯乙烯-聚酯共聚物。
聚酯树脂介电层可选择性地为定向聚酯树脂薄膜,如双向拉伸聚酯树脂薄膜。其它用以作为聚合物介电层的例示聚合物可包含有聚碳酸酯、环聚烯烃、聚酰胺、聚氨酯、丙烯酸、聚丙烯酸酯或茂金属催化物等。
依据本发明一个实施例,粘着层110可包含任何适合粘合阻障层115与介电层105的材料。其材料包含,但不限制于氨基硅烷(amino-functional silanes)、缩水甘油醚硅烷(glycidoxy-functional silanes)、聚丙烯胺(poly(ally amines))和聚乙烯胺)。
在此使用的阻隔层115可作为湿气和/或氧气的阻隔层。举例来说,阻隔层可为金属箔。或者,阻隔层可为金属氧化物,又或者阻隔层可为聚合物层。
金属箔例如可为铁、铜、铝或其合金。且金属箔可选择性地镀锌以拥有更好的抗腐蚀性。
或者,金属箔的表面可选择性地使用铬酸盐或磷酸盐来做表面处理,以预防金属箔被溶解或腐蚀。金属箔也可选择性地先以聚合物材料来作处理,聚合物例如可为乙烯丙烯酸共聚物或乙烯马来酸酐共聚物,以改善对于其它聚合物材料的粘着性。
金属氧化物层可为氧化铝或氧化硅,用以预防湿气或水气渗入,因此在本发明中可用以作为阻隔层115。
可用于形成阻隔层115的例示聚合物可包含但不限制于聚对二甲苯基(parylene)、聚酰亚胺、聚丙烯酰胺、环氧树脂、聚苯乙烯、聚乙烯醇、聚氯亚乙烯(poly(vinylidene chloride))、聚氯乙烯、聚偏二氟乙烯(polyvinylidene fluoride)或丙烯腈。
依据本发明的原理与精神下,用以作为耐候层120的沥青材料可为非改质沥青组合物或改质沥青组合物。
在此使用的用词“非改质沥青组合物”意指普通沥青,也就是没有使用改质剂来化学或物理改质的沥青。然而,用词“改质沥青组合物”意指有结合改质剂的沥青材料,以改善普通沥青的伸长性、弹性、感温性与粘着性。
公知的一种改质剂为热塑性弹性体或热塑性橡胶。这些改质剂包含但不限制于苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯(SBS)、苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯(SIS)或苯乙烯-乙烯-丁烯-苯乙烯(SEBS)。这些改质剂可简易地混合入沥青。本发明可使用的其它种类改质剂为聚氨酯,以赋予沥青材料需求的特性。
其它改质剂包含但不限制于乙烯乙酸乙烯酯、聚乙烯甲苯、聚丙烯-乙烯共聚物、聚乙烯、聚氧乙烯(polyoxyethylene)、无规聚丙烯(atacticpolypropylene)、同排聚丙烯(isotactic polypropylene)、热塑性聚烯烃、非晶形聚α烯烃或聚氯丁二烯。
一般来说,在改质沥青组合物中,沥青仍为主要成分。在实施例中,改质沥青组合物可包含约20-99wt%的沥青,较佳约为40-95wt%,更佳约为60-90wt%。
具体来说,改质沥青组合物可包含约20、21、22、23、24、25、26、27、28、29、30、31、32、33、34、35、36、37、38、39、40、41、42、43、44、45、46、47、48、49、50、51、52、53、54、55、56、57、58、59、60、61、62、63、64、65、66、67、68、69、70、71、72、73、74、75、76、77、78、79、80、81、82、83、84、85、86、87、88、89、90、91、92、93、94、95、96、97、98或99wt%的沥青。
在此使用的耐候层120除了沥青材料之外,还可选择性地包含颜料,以改善具有背板100的光伏模块的美观度。且颜料可提供耐候层更好的反射性以提升光伏模块的转换效率。
在本发明中使用的颜料可包含但不限制于二氧化钛、碳酸钙、三氢化铝、硼酸盐化合物或其混合物。举例来说,二氧化钛可让耐候层120呈现白色。涂层可以有多种颜色的变化以让建筑物具有美观的外观。
根据本发明的实施方式,耐候层120的厚度至少为10-2000μm。举例来说,耐候层120的厚度可约为10-1000μm,较佳约为25-500μm,更佳约为25-100μm。
具体来说,耐候层120的厚度可约为10、15、20、25、30、35、40、45、50、55、60、65、70、75、80、85、90、95、100、150、200、250、300、350、400、450、500、550、600、650、700、750、800、850、900、950、1000、1050、1100、1150、1200、1250、1300、1350、1400、1450、1500、1550、1600、1650、1700、1750、1800、1850、1900、1950或2000μm。
光伏模块
另一方面,依据上述本发明的方面与实施方式,提供一种含有背板的光伏模块。举例来说,背板可为图1中的背板。
参照图2,为依据本发明一个实施例的光伏模块200,可依序包含下列至少四层结构,由上至下依序为前板205、光伏电池堆叠膜210、密封板215与背板220。
前板205是接触光的第一层,由光可穿透材料所构成。
密封板215是用以在太阳能层中密封光伏电池。密封板可分别由至少一聚合物所构成,例如酸共聚物、乙烯(甲基)丙烯酸共聚物、离聚物、乙烯乙酸乙烯酯(EVA)、吸音聚乙烯醇缩乙醛、吸音聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)、热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、茂金属催化线性低密度聚乙烯、聚烯烃弹性嵌段弹性体、乙烯丙烯酸酯共聚物(例如聚乙烯共聚甲基丙烯酸酯和聚乙烯共聚丁基丙烯酸酯、聚硅氧弹性体(silicone elastomer)、环氧树脂或其混合物。
光伏电池堆叠膜210可包含一或多个电性相互连接的光伏电池。在本发明的范围中,光伏电池意指包含任何可将光转换为电能的物品。一般来说,光伏电池可被归类为结晶硅光伏电池与薄膜光伏电池。在结晶硅光伏电池中使用的光伏打材料可以是单晶硅、多晶硅或微晶硅。
薄膜光伏电池是在基板上沉积一或多薄层的光伏材料所制成。许多不同的光伏材料是以不同的沉积方法沉积在不同的基板上。依据所使用的光伏材料,薄膜光伏电池通常被归类为:非晶硅与其它薄膜硅、硒化铜铟、碲化镉、染料敏化的光伏电池与其它的有机光伏电池。
在本发明的一个实施例中,用于光伏模块的背板220的耐候层中含有改质沥青组合物。此外,这样的耐候层厚度约为25-100μm。
背板的制造方法
另一方面,本发明提出制造光伏模块的背板的制造方法。依据此方法,沥青材料(而非含氟聚合物)用以作耐候层。
依据本发明一实施例,此方法包含下列步骤:提供一聚酯树脂介电层,在聚酯树脂介电层上铺设粘着层。在粘着层上铺设金属阻隔层,因此金属阻隔层可与聚酯树脂介电层结合。在金属阻隔层上铺设沥青层。因此,可得到光伏模块的叠层背板。
聚酯树脂介电层可为任一上述介电层105的聚酯树脂介电层。具体来说,聚酯树脂介电层可为聚对苯二甲酸二乙酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯、聚邻苯二甲酸乙二酯或苯乙烯-聚酯树脂共聚物。
聚酯树脂介电层可选择性地为定向聚酯树脂薄膜,如双向拉伸聚酯树脂薄膜。同样地,粘着层的材料可为任一上述粘着层110。
金属阻隔层可为金属箔,例如可为铁、铜、铝或其合金。在一个可选择的实施例中,此工艺还可包含金属阻隔层的镀锌步骤。
在另一可选择的实施例中,此工艺还可包含表面处理,其中金属阻隔层的表面以铬酸盐或磷酸盐来处理。
在另一可选择的实施例中,此工艺还可包含涂底步骤,其中金属阻隔层的表面先涂布聚合物材料例如可为乙烯丙烯酸共聚物或乙烯马来酸酐共聚物,以改善对于其它聚合物材料的粘着性,例如对于粘着层和/或沥青层。
依据本发明的实施例,在此使用的沥青层可为非改质沥青组合物或改质沥青组合物。
改质沥青组合物可包含含量约为20-99wt%的沥青,与至少一含量约为1-80wt%的改质剂。此改质剂可为任一上述改质剂。
在实施例中,沥青层的厚度可约为25-100μm。举例来说,沥青层的厚度可约为25、30、35、40、45、50、55、60、65、70、75、80、85、90、95或100μm。
依据本发明的实施例,沥青层可适用于膜、板、分散或熔融的形式。
应当注意的是,在自然界中,沥青层中的沥青材料是热塑性的,因此在较佳实施例中,沥青层可直接铺设粘合在金属阻隔层上,而不需要使用额外的粘着剂。因此,可降低制造时间与成本。
虽然本发明已以实施方式公开如上,并非用以限定本发明,任何本领域技术人员,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内,可作各种更动与润饰,因此本发明的保护范围以权利要求为准。上述的说明、实施例和数据提供一完整的结构与本发明的例示实施例使用的发明说明。虽然本发明的实施例公开如上,然而各种改变、取代或交替方式,皆不偏离本实施方式的精神与范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种光伏模块的背板,包括:
介电层;
在该介电层上的粘着层;
在该粘着层上的阻隔层;以及
在该阻隔层上的耐候层,其中该耐候层包含一沥青材料。
2.如权利要求1所述的背板,其中该介电层为一聚酯树脂介电层,其选自由聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯,聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯,聚邻苯二甲酸乙二酯及苯乙烯-聚酯树脂共聚物所组成的族群。
3.如权利要求1所述的背板,其中该阻隔层为一金属箔或一聚合物层,该金属箔选自由钢、铜、铝及合金所组成的族群,该聚合物层系选自由聚对二甲苯基、聚酰亚胺、聚丙烯酰胺、环氧树脂、聚苯乙烯、聚乙烯醇、聚氯亚乙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚偏二氟乙烯及丙烯腈所组成的族群。
4.如权利要求1所述的背板,其中该沥青材料为一改质沥青组合物,包含一沥青及一改质剂,其中该改质沥青组合物包含约20-99wt%的该沥青,其中该改质剂选自由乙烯乙酸乙烯酯、聚乙烯甲苯、聚丙烯-乙烯共聚物、聚乙烯、聚氧乙烯、聚氨酯、苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物、苯乙烯-乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物、苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物、无规聚丙烯、同排聚丙烯、热塑性聚烯烃、非晶形聚α烯烃及聚氯丁二烯所组成的族群。
5.如权利要求1所述的背板,其中该耐候层的厚度为10-2000μm。
6.一光伏模块,包含一背板,其中该背板包含:
一介电层;
在该介电层上的粘着层;
在该粘着层上的阻隔层;以及
在该阻隔层上的耐候层,该耐候层包含一沥青材料。
7.如权利要求6所述的光伏模块,由上至下还包括:
前板;
光伏电池堆叠膜,包含一光伏电池;以及
邻近该背板的密封板。
8.如权利要求6所述的光伏模块,其中该沥青材料为一改质沥青组合物,以及该耐候层的厚度为10-2000μm。
9.一种背板或光伏模块的制造方法,包含步骤:
提供一聚酯树脂介电层;
在该聚酯树脂介电层上铺设一粘着层;
在该粘着层上铺设一金属阻隔层,以使该金属阻隔层结合在该聚酯树脂介电层上;以及
在该金属阻隔层上铺设一沥青层。
10.如权利要求9所述的制造方法,其中该沥青层包含约20-99wt%的沥青以及约1-80wt%的改质剂,该沥青层的厚度约为25-100μm,且该沥青层适用于膜、板、分散或熔融的形式。
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CN102653154A (zh) * 2012-03-19 2012-09-05 杭州福膜新材料科技有限公司 自粘性聚偏氟乙烯薄膜及用其制备的太阳能光伏电池背板
CN102653154B (zh) * 2012-03-19 2014-08-13 杭州福膜新材料科技有限公司 自粘性聚偏氟乙烯薄膜及用其制备的太阳能光伏电池背板

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