CN102235802A - 通过低温蒸馏空气生产氮的方法和设备 - Google Patents

通过低温蒸馏空气生产氮的方法和设备 Download PDF

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CN102235802A
CN102235802A CN2011101007485A CN201110100748A CN102235802A CN 102235802 A CN102235802 A CN 102235802A CN 2011101007485 A CN2011101007485 A CN 2011101007485A CN 201110100748 A CN201110100748 A CN 201110100748A CN 102235802 A CN102235802 A CN 102235802A
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P·勒博
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/044Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a single pressure main column system only
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04254Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using the cold stored in external cryogenic fluids
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04763Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
    • F25J3/04769Operation, control and regulation of the process; Instrumentation within the process
    • F25J3/04793Rectification, e.g. columns; Reboiler-condenser
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/06Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation
    • F25J3/063Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation characterised by the separated product stream
    • F25J3/0655Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation characterised by the separated product stream separation of hydrogen
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2210/00Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
    • F25J2210/42Nitrogen
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2215/00Processes characterised by the type or other details of the product stream
    • F25J2215/42Nitrogen or special cases, e.g. multiple or low purity N2
    • F25J2215/44Ultra high purity nitrogen, i.e. generally less than 1 ppb impurities
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2220/00Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
    • F25J2220/44Separating high boiling, i.e. less volatile components from nitrogen, e.g. CO, Ar, O2, hydrocarbons

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种通过低温蒸馏来生产氮的方法,在该方法中,将含有一氧化碳的空气送至低温蒸馏塔(5),从该蒸馏塔的顶部抽取CO含量小于固定值S1的氮流D,将来自于外部源(7)的富含氮的低温液体流送至塔的顶部,如果空气中的CO含量不超过预先限定的阈值(S0),则送至塔的低温液体的流量小于值V,而如果空气中的一氧化碳含量超过该预先限定的阈值(S0),则送至塔的低温液体的流量大于值V。

Description

通过低温蒸馏空气生产氮的方法和设备
技术领域
本发明涉及通过低温蒸馏来生产氮的方法和设备。制药业是销售氮的一潜在市场。
背景技术
然而,为了适应这种应用,氮必须满足下列要求:
CO2<300ppm
CO<5ppm
O2<5ppm
H2O<67ppm
N2>99.5%
本文中所有的纯度均指摩尔纯度。
可仅关注CO含量。这是因为在单塔的氮生产器中,由于为了维持制冷而加入液态氮,所生产的氮中的CO含量是供给至所述单塔的空气中的CO含量的约80%。
因此,可以看出,空气中的临界CO含量为6ppm的量级,在超过该临界CO含量的情况下,不再满足对于氮中的CO含量的限制。
虽然空气中的CO的正常含量(0.6ppm)一般比该临界值小得多,但是该空气中的CO的正常含量可以持续地或更普遍地以峰值形式明显超过该限制值。
因此有必要停止通过低温蒸馏空气进行的生产,并通过蒸发来自于储存单元的含量受控的液氮来供应用户。
但是这较昂贵,而且这种运行模式除了液体的储存容量之外没有自主性。
已知当空气具有恒定的一氧化碳含量时减小富含氮的产品的一氧化碳含量。在这种情况下,为了纯化空气或氮,可使用低温蒸馏(EP-A-0376465、Gas Aktuell 39,1990,第4-8页)或催化作用(US-A-5441719)。
US-A-4617040和JP-A-05001882描述了一种根据权利要求1的前序部分的方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于,即使在供应至塔的空气有时被一氧化碳严重污染的情况下,也能够通过低温蒸馏空气来生产一氧化碳含量非常低的氮。
本发明的一个方面提供了一种通过低温蒸馏空气来生产氮的方法,其中,将含有一氧化碳的空气送至低温蒸馏塔,从该蒸馏塔的顶部抽取CO含量小于固定值S1的氮流D,将来自于外部源的富含氮的低温液体流送至塔的顶部,如果空气中的CO含量不超过预先限定的阈值(S0),则送至塔的低温液体的流量小于值V,其特征在于,如果空气中的一氧化碳含量超过该预先限定的阈值(S0),则送至塔的低温液体的流量大于值V。
根据其它的可选方面:
i.如果空气中的一氧化碳含量超过预先限定的阈值,则减小送至蒸馏塔的空气的流量;
ii.如果空气中的一氧化碳含量低于给定的阈值,则送至塔的低温液体的摩尔流量最多与从塔抽取的氮气的摩尔流量D的5%相等;
iii.生产富氧清洗(purging)液体流,其特征在于,当送至塔的低温液体的流量小于值V时,所生产的富含氧的低温液体的流量基本上恒定,而如果送至塔的低温液体的流量大于值V,则所生产的富含氧的低温液体的流量相对于所述恒定的流量增大;
iv.被提取的富氧摩尔流量的增加基本上与送至塔的低温液体的摩尔流量的增加相等;
v.送至塔的低温液体的流量与所述空气中的一氧化碳含量之比是恒定的;
vi.如果空气中的一氧化碳含量处于一个或多个预定范围内,则送至塔的低温液体的流量具有一个或多个给定值;
vii.根据空气中的一氧化碳含量来调整低温液体的流量;
viii.根据所生产的氮的一氧化碳含量来调整低温液体的流量。
本发明的一个方面提供了一种通过低温蒸馏来生产氮的设备,所述设备包括低温蒸馏塔、用于将含有一氧化碳的空气送至所述塔的导管、用于从塔抽取富含氮的产品的导管以及用于将液态氮从外部源、例如储存单元送至所述塔的导管,其特征在于,所述设备包括根据空气中的一氧化碳含量来调整送至所述塔的液氮的流量的装置。
所述设备可选地包括用于测量空气中的或富含氮的产品中的一氧化碳含量的装置和用于如果所述含量超过阈值则增加送至所述塔的液氮的流量的装置。
本发明可以显著增大空气中的CO极限含量,在超过该CO极限含量的情况下,使用空气分离设备将不再能够生产足够纯的氮气。
附图说明
将参考附图更详细地描述本发明,所述附图示出了根据本发明的空气分离设备。
具体实施方式
已相对于CO2和水分进行纯化、但含有一氧化碳的空气流1在热交换器2中被冷却。该空气流1的一氧化氮含量由位于蒸馏塔5上游的分析器3来测量。
该空气被分离成富含氮的顶部气体和富氧的底部液体。该底部液体17经过阀18膨胀并以已知的方式被送至顶部冷凝器9。被蒸发的液体21在交换器2中被加热。从塔的顶部抽取富含氮的气体产品29,该气体产品29在交换器2中被加热并被送至用户。该气体产品29的一氧化碳含量由分析器23测量并且必须不超过阈值S1、例如5ppm。
通过运送来自于储存单元7的液氮来维持所述设备的制冷,该储存单元7构成在空气分离设备外部的源。只要空气中的一氧化碳含量不超过阈值S0,则这种液体的流量V基本上恒定。液氮导管19通过阀11与塔5的顶部相连接。可从塔5经过导管13抽取富含氮的液体。
如果空气1的一氧化碳含量小于给定阈值S0、例如5.9ppm,则经过导管19送至塔5的液氮的摩尔量V对应于所生产的氮的摩尔流量的最多约5%,可选地对应于所生产的氮的摩尔流量的最多3%,亦即在没有膨胀涡轮或其它制冷装置的情况下为了维持所述设备的制冷所需的量。因此,该量V基本上恒定。由于储存在该外部的储存单元7中的液体如需要可在不适时地或适时地关闭氮生产单元的情况下在蒸发之后作为备用,所以该氮流量V的CO含量小于5ppm。从底部抽取的所有液体经过导管17被送至冷凝器9。
如果空气中的一氧化碳含量超过给定阈值S0,则分析器3发送信号至FIC,以用于修改通过导管19被运送的流量,以便增加到达所述塔内的液氮量,由此使所述流量超过值V。该空气越不纯,则所述增加必须越大。由于这种方法,通过运送氮生产流量的10%作为液氮流,则在所生产的氮19的一氧化碳含量不超过5ppm的情况下,空气中的CO的极限含量可增大至6.5ppm,这为标准所需。通过运送对应于氮生产流量的40%的液氮,则在所生产的氮19的一氧化碳含量不超过5ppm的情况下,空气1中的CO的极限含量为9.5ppm,这为标准所需。
当增加液氮的流量时,需要减小供给空气的流量并因此减少被引入氮生产单元内的CO量;这也降低了所述设备的电消耗。
同时,当空气中的一氧化碳含量超过阈值S0且液氮经过导管19到达时,借助阀15和导管从塔5的底部抽取另外的富氧液体流13。该清洗流量在摩尔基准方面基本上与经过导管19送入塔中的额外流量相同,并且该清洗流量从生产单元提取。其可以可选地被储存在专用的储存器中或在蒸发之后被排放至大气。
送至塔的低温液体的流量与空气中的一氧化碳含量之比可为恒定的。如果不是,则送至塔的低温液体的流量可固定为一个或多个给定值,该值与空气中的一氧化碳含量处于一个或多个预定范围内的事实有关。例如,如果所述含量在5ppm与6.5ppm之间,则所述流量可为10%,如果所述含量在6.5ppm与9.5ppm之间,则所述流量可为40%。

Claims (10)

1.一种通过低温蒸馏空气来生产氮的方法,其中将含有一氧化碳的空气送至低温蒸馏塔,从所述蒸馏塔(5)的顶部抽取一氧化碳含量小于固定值S1的氮流D,并且将来自于外部源(7)的富含氮的低温液体流送至所述塔的顶部,如果所述空气中的一氧化碳含量不超过预先限定的阈值(S0),则送至所述塔的低温液体的流量小于值V,其特征在于,如果所述空气中的一氧化碳含量超过所述预先限定的阈值(S0),则送至所述塔的低温液体的流量大于值V。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,如果所述空气的一氧化碳含量超过所述预先限定的阈值,则减小送至所述蒸馏塔(5)的所述空气的流量。
3.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,如果所述空气中的一氧化碳含量低于所述给定的阈值,则送至所述塔(5)的低温液体的摩尔流量最多等于从所述塔抽取的氮气的摩尔流量D的5%。
4.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,生产富氧清洗液体流,当送至所述塔(5)的低温液体的流量小于值V时,所生产的富含氧的低温液体的流量基本上恒定,而如果送至所述塔的低温液体的流量大于值V,则所生产的富含氧的低温液体的流量增加。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,所提取的富氧清洗液体流的摩尔流量的增加基本上与送至所述塔(5)的低温液体的摩尔流量的增加相等。
6.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,送至所述塔(5)的低温液体的流量与所述空气中的一氧化碳含量之比恒定。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,如果所述空气中的一氧化碳含量处于一个或多个预定范围内,则送至所述塔(5)的低温液体的流量具有一个或多个给定值。
8.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,根据所述空气中的一氧化碳含量来调整低温液体的流量。
9.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,根据所生产的氮的一氧化碳含量来调整低温液体的流量。
10.一种通过低温蒸馏来生产氮的设备,所述设备包括低温蒸馏塔(5)、用于将含有一氧化碳的空气送至所述塔的导管、用于从所述塔抽取富含氮的产品的导管、以及用于将液氮从外部源(7)、例如储存单元送至所述塔的导管,其特征在于,所述设备包括用于根据所述空气中的一氧化碳含量来调整送至所述塔的所述液氮的流量的装置、以及可选地用于测量所述空气中的或所述富含氮的产品中的一氧化碳含量的装置和用于如果所述含量超过阈值则增加送至所述塔的所述液氮的流量的装置。
CN201110100748.5A 2010-04-22 2011-04-21 通过低温蒸馏空气生产氮的方法和设备 Expired - Fee Related CN102235802B (zh)

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FR1053075A FR2959297B1 (fr) 2010-04-22 2010-04-22 Procede et appareil de production d'azote par distillation cryogenique d'air
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US9476640B2 (en) 2016-10-25
AU2011201849B2 (en) 2014-06-12
CA2736371A1 (en) 2011-10-22
FR2959297A1 (fr) 2011-10-28
EP2381197B1 (fr) 2013-09-18
CN102235802B (zh) 2015-03-04
ES2436079T3 (es) 2013-12-26
JP2011242122A (ja) 2011-12-01
EP2381197A1 (fr) 2011-10-26
US20110259047A1 (en) 2011-10-27
FR2959297B1 (fr) 2012-04-27
JP5788206B2 (ja) 2015-09-30
BRPI1101677A2 (pt) 2012-10-16

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