CN102225827B - 一种草浆造纸中段废水的处理方法 - Google Patents
一种草浆造纸中段废水的处理方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102225827B CN102225827B CN201110134658A CN201110134658A CN102225827B CN 102225827 B CN102225827 B CN 102225827B CN 201110134658 A CN201110134658 A CN 201110134658A CN 201110134658 A CN201110134658 A CN 201110134658A CN 102225827 B CN102225827 B CN 102225827B
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- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound 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Abstract
本发明提供了一种草浆造纸中段废水的处理方法，采用铁炭内电解预处理、UASB厌氧处理、高效活性污泥好氧处理和曝气生物滤池深度处理的组合工艺，将草浆造纸废水用稀硫酸调节至微酸性后进入铁炭内电解反应器进行铁炭内电解处理，由铁炭内电解反应器的出水调节pH值至10，进行絮凝沉淀，然后进入UASB反应器进行厌氧处理，UASB反应器的出水进入高效活性污泥反应池，高效活性污泥反应池的出水同部分曝气生物滤池处理后的回流出水混合后进入曝气生物滤池进行深度处理。本发明集合了草浆造纸中段废水的预处理、二级处理与深度处理工艺，可以实现草浆造纸中段废水的达标排放，同时各工段之间具有良好的互补性，在其中任意工段发生故障的条件下，其它工段也可以保证最终处理出水的达标，具有良好的稳定性。
Description
ー种草浆造纸中段废水的处理方法
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及一种用于处理草浆造纸中段废水的方法，属于污水处理技术领域。背景技术
[0002] 造纸废水处理技术可分为物理法、化学法、物理化学法和生物法等。物理法包括机械过滤法、吸附法、絮凝沉淀法等方法。对于废水中含有的大量细小纤维，最简单的去除方法为过滤法。过滤通常采用细筛网或微滤机，但由于负荷较大，可能会造成堵塞，因此，应考虑清污操作。由于过滤不能去除油墨、溶解性物质以及过于细小的悬浮物，所以只能作为预 处理手段。根据吸附剂的材质不同，吸附法可以分为黏土吸附法、粉煤灰吸附法、活性炭吸附法和水解吸附法。吸附法主要用于废水的深度处理，去除废水中溶解态的有机物。吸附法的不足在于：（一）处理废水对进水水质的要求较高，当进水中悬浮物质含量较高吋，容易造成微孔的堵塞、影响处理效果；（ニ）吸附剂吸附饱和后需再生，増加了处理操作的难度。混凝沉淀法是处理造纸废水常用的方法，主要去除造纸废水中呈胶体和悬浮状态的物质，但其对溶解性物质的去除效果不佳。
[0003] 化学处理技术是指利用化学反应的作用使水中污染物的形态发生变化从而去除废水中的溶解性物质或胶体物质。常见的有中和、沉淀、氧化还原、催化氧化、光催化氧化、铁炭内电解、电解絮凝等方法。化学处理技术去除污染物的效果较好，但其缺点是需要填加大量的化学药剂，使处理成本极大增加。
[0004] 废水的生物处理技术主要是利用微生物的新陈代谢功能，使废水中呈溶解和胶体状态的有机污染物降解并转化为无害稳定的物质，从而使废水得以净化。生物处理技术是目前常用的废水处理技术，其去除废水中有机物的能力主要包括活性污泥絮体对颗粒或者胶体污染物的吸附去除、微生物对溶解性有机污染物的降解作用等。生物处理技术具有处理效率高、成本相对较低等优点，但其对水质变化的适应性差，且当水中含有有毒有害物质时，由于这些物质对微生物的毒害作用，会导致生物处理作用难以正常发挥。
[0005] 从目前造纸废水处理工艺分析，仅用ー种技术很难对造纸废水进行完全处理，经常是几种方法结合使用。目前常用的造纸废水物化+生化联合处理工艺有：混凝沉淀ーABR —活性污泥法、厌氧-好氧序批式反应器ー混凝沉淀法、ABR—生物接触氧化ー混凝组合エ艺等。如中国专利文献CN101665305公开的《复合式UASB+A/0エ艺处理草浆造纸废水的方法》、CN1203231C公开的《草浆造纸污水处理的方法》和CN101698556A公开的《ー种麦草浆造纸中段废水处理方法及处理设备》等。
[0006] 草浆造纸企业排放的废水中含有木质素、纤维素和半纤维素等难降解有机污染物、废水的可生化性较差，其处理难度较木浆造纸废水的难度大，上述专利文献也只是削减了各污染物的排放量，而难以保证废水的稳定达标排放。
发明内容
[0007] 本发明针对现有草浆造纸中段废水处理技术存在的黑液提取不彻底、难以达标排放的不足，提供一种对废水水质及水量变化具有较强适应性、对污染物处理效果稳定、能保证废水达标排放的草浆造纸中段废水的处理方法。
[0008] 本发明的草浆造纸中段废水的处理方法，采用铁炭内电解预处理、UASB厌氧处理、高效活性污泥好氧处理和曝气生物滤池深度处理的组合エ艺，具体过程如下所述：
[0009] 将草浆造纸废水用稀硫酸调节至pH值5〜6的微酸性，然后进入铁炭内电解反应器进行铁炭内电解处理，铁炭内电解反应器内填加废铁屑、下部设曝气装置来提高处理效率，污水在铁炭内电解反应器中停留4小时-5小时，在铁炭内电解反应器中，废水中的悬浮性物质及部分COD被去除，COD的去除率达到50飞5%、SS的去除率达到58%飞0%、色度去除率达到40%〜42%，B0D/C0D比值提高至0. 3〜0. 35，废水的可生化性得到很大提高；
[0010] 将由铁炭内电解反应器的出水通过NaOH溶液调节pH值至10，使溶解到废水中的Fe3+絮凝形成Fe (OH) 3絮体，然后在沉淀池中沉淀60分钟，将形成的Fe (OH) 3絮体从水中分 离出去，通过絮凝沉淀作用进ー步去除一部分胶体和悬浮状物质；沉淀后的出水采用稀硫酸将PH调至7，然后进入UASB反应器进行厌氧处理，废水在UASB反应器中的停留时间为12小时，经UASB厌氧处理后COD的去除率达到74〜79%、SS的去除率达到75%〜78%、色度去除率达到47%〜52%，B0D/C0D比值提高至0. 45^0. 55 ；UASB反应器的出水进入高效活性污泥反应池，进行有机物的生物降解反应，高效活性污泥反应池的污泥龄控制在30天，溶解氧控制在2 mg/l-3mg/l，污水在高效活性污泥反应池中的停留时间为6小吋，经高效活性污泥处理后，COD的累积去除率达到85〜89%、SS的累积去除率达到80%〜83%、色度的累积去除率达到56%飞0% ;高效活性污泥反应池的出水同部分曝气生物滤池处理后的回流出水混合后进入曝气生物滤池进行深度处理，回流比（曝气池中回流出水的流量与进水流量的比值）控制在3:1-2:1,曝气生物滤池内填充黏土生物陶粒滤料,填料粒径为4 曝气生物滤池的气水比为I :2，滤速控制为4-5m/小时，曝气生物滤池兼有生化降解和高效截流作用，将高效活性污泥法处理过程中残余的有机及无机污染物进一歩去除，保障造纸废水的达标排放，经曝气生物滤池处理后，COD的累积去除率达到93、4%、SS的累积去除率达到969^98%、色度的累积去除率达到959^97%。
[0011] 上述方法所采用的铁炭内电解反应器、UASB反应器、高效活性污泥反应池和曝气生物滤池都是现有技术，其结构都是污水处理领域一般技术人员公知的。
[0012] 本发明集合了草浆造纸中段废水的预处理、ニ级处理与深度处理工艺，可以实现草浆造纸中段废水的达标排放，同时各エ段之间具有良好的互补性，在其中任意エ段发生故障的条件下，其它エ段也可以保证最終处理出水的达标，系统具有良好的稳定性。经本发明的组合エ艺处理后，废水的COD的累积去除率可达93、4%、SS的累积去除率可达96%〜98%、色度的累积去除率可达95%〜97%，出水的COD为83〜90mg/L、SS为26〜30mg/L、色度为20〜30倍。
附图说明
[0013] 附图是本发明草浆造纸中段废水处理方法的流程示意图。
具体实施方式
[0014] 附图给出了本发明草浆造纸中段废水处理方法的运行流程，本发明采用铁炭内电解预处理+UASB厌氧处理+高效活性污泥好氧处理+曝气生物滤池深度处理的组合エ艺，具体过程如下所述：
[0015] 一.铁炭内电解预处理
[0016] 1.使草浆造纸废水进入ー个pH值调节池，用稀硫酸调至微酸性（pH值为5〜6)后通过水泵进入铁炭内电解反应器，在铁炭内电解反应器中停留4小时-5小时，在铁炭内电解反应器中废水中的悬浮性物质及部分COD被去除，同时废水的可生化性得到提高。铁炭内电解反应器内填加废铁屑，利用鉄屑中铁和碳组分构成微观或宏观层面上的原电池，以加入的调至微酸性的污水为电解质溶液，基于电化学氧化还原反应的原理，通过铁屑及其离解产生的铁离子对污染物质的电附集、混凝、吸附、过滤等综合作用来处理废水，在铁炭内电解反应器下部设曝气装置、通过鼓风机曝气来提高处理效率，同时对填料床起到冲刷的作用。经铁炭内电解处理后COD的去除率可达50飞5%、SS的去除率可达58%飞0%、色度去除率可达40%〜42%，B0D/C0D比值可以由原水的0. 15〜0. 2提高至0. 3〜0. 35，废水的可生化性得到很大提高。
[0017] 2.铁炭内电解反应器的出水进入第二个pH值调节池，向该pH值调节池中投加NaOH溶液，将废水pH值调至10，使溶解到废水中的Fe3+形成Fe (OH) 3絮体，然后废水通过水泵进入沉淀池，在沉淀池中沉淀60分钟将絮体分离，同时去除一部分胶体和悬浮状物质。
[0018] 3.沉淀池的出水进入第三个pH值调节池，在该调节池通过投加稀硫酸将pH调至7，然后进入UASB反应器进行厌氧处理，使造纸废水中的部分COD被去除、同时提高废水的可生化性。
[0019] 铁炭内电解预处理可以降低有毒有害物质的含量、提高废水的可生化性，保障后续处理工艺功能的正常发挥。
[0020] ニ. UASB厌氧处理
[0021] UASB厌氧处理过程在UASB反应器内发生，UASB反应器的水力停留时间为10小吋。UASB反应器主要包括污泥床区、污泥悬浮区、三相分离器三个部分。UASB在运行过程中，废水以0. 5〜I米/小时的上升流速自反应器的底部依次流经污泥床、悬浮污泥区至三相分离器。UASB的水力流态呈推流式，进水与污泥床及悬浮污泥中的微生物充分混合接触并进行厌氧分解。UASB厌氧处理在本发明的组合エ艺中起到对废水水质进行调理、使大分子有机物在厌氧的条件下被降解为小分子物质的作用，提高废水的可生化性，使其可被后续的好氧生物处理过程所降解。经UASB厌氧处理后COD的去除率可达74〜79%、SS的去除率可达75%〜78%、色度去除率可达47%〜52%，B0D/C0D比值可以提高至0. 45〜0. 55。
[0022] UASB反应器的出水进入高效活性污泥反应池，在此进行有机物的生物降解反应，进ー步去除废水中的污染物质。
[0023] 三.高效活性污泥好氧处理
[0024] 高效活性污泥法通过在普通曝气池中延长污泥龄、増加污泥停留时间来提高活性污泥混合液的浓度，降低污泥负荷，起到对有机物高效去除、降低池容的作用。在该处理工段，草浆造纸中段废水中所含有的大部分有机物得以去除。高效活性污泥反应系统的污泥龄控制在30天，溶解氧控制在2〜3mg/l，污水在池中的停留时间为6小吋，经高效活性污泥处理后，COD的累积去除率可达85〜89%、SS的累积去除率可达80%〜83%、色度的累积去除率可达56%飞0%。高效活性污泥反应池的出水进入曝气生物滤池进行深度处理。[0025] 四.曝气生物滤池深度处理
[0026] 高效活性污泥反应池的出水同部分曝气生物滤池处理后的由储水池循环出来的回流水混合后进入曝气生物滤池进行处理，回流比（储水池出来的回流水的流量与由高效活性污泥反应池进入曝气生物滤池的进水流量的比值)控制在3: f 2:1，以调节曝气生物滤池的进水有机物浓度。曝气生物滤池分为底部配水层、中间过滤层和上部出水层。底部配水层设计有长柄滤头布气、布水，配水层上部铺设卵石作为滤料承托层，中间过滤层填充黏土生物陶粒滤料，填料粒径为41毫米，距滤料层顶部0. 3、. 5米高处设出水管以排除处理后的清水。清水进入储水池，储水池与高效活性污泥反应池的出水进入曝气生物滤池的进水管之间连接有回流管。储水池的底部与曝气生物滤池的底部之间设有反冲洗管，以对曝气生物滤池的底部进行冲洗。处理草浆造纸中段废水时，曝气生物滤池的气水比为I :2，滤池滤速控制为r5m/h。曝气生物滤池兼有生化降解和高效截流作用，起到对草浆造纸废水的深度处理的作用，可以将高效活性污泥法处理过程中残余的有机及无机污染物进一歩去 除，保障造纸废水的达标排放。经曝气生物滤池处理后，COD的累积去除率可达93、4%、SS的累积去除率可达969^98%、色度的累积去除率可达959^97%。经曝气生物滤池深度处理后的废水COD为8(T90mg/L、SS为25〜30mg/L、色度为20〜30倍，可以实现达标排放。
Claims (1)
1 ー种草浆造纸中段废水的处理方法，其特征是：采用铁炭内电解预处理、UASB厌氧处理、高效活性污泥好氧处理和曝气生物滤池深度处理的组合エ艺，具体过程如下所述：将草浆造纸废水用稀硫酸调节至pH值5〜6的微酸性，然后进入铁炭内电解反应器进行铁炭内电解处理，铁炭内电解反应器内填加废铁屑、下部设曝气装置来提高处理效率，污水在铁炭内电解反应器中停留4小时飞小时，在铁炭内电解反应器中，废水中的悬浮性物质及部分COD被去除，COD的去除率达到50飞5%、SS的去除率达到58%飞0%、色度去除率达到409T42%，B0D/C0D比值提高至0. 3^0. 35，废水的可生化性得到很大提高；将铁炭内电解反应器的出水通过NaOH溶液调节pH值至10，使溶解到废水中的Fe3+絮凝形成Fe (OH) 3絮体，然后在沉淀池中沉淀60分钟，将形成的Fe(OH)3絮体从水中分离出去，通过絮凝沉淀作用进ー步去除一部分胶体和悬浮状物质；沉淀后的出水采用稀硫酸将PH调至7，然后进入UASB反应器进行厌氧处理，废水在UASB反应器中的停留时间为12小时，经UASB厌氧处理后COD的去除率达到74〜79%、SS的去除率达到75%〜78%、色度去除率达到47%〜52%，BOD/COD比值提高至0. 45、. 55 ；UASB反应器的出水进入高效活性污 泥反应池，进行有机物的生物降解反应，高效活性污泥反应池的污泥龄控制在30天，溶解氧控制在2mg/L〜3mg/L，污水在高效活性污泥反应池中的停留时间为6小吋，经高效活性污泥好氧处理后，COD的累积去除率达到85〜89%、SS的累积去除率达到80%〜83%、色度的累积去除率达到56%〜60% ;高效活性污泥反应池的出水同部分曝气生物滤池处理后的回流出水混合后进入曝气生物滤池进行深度处理，回流比控制在3: f 2:1，曝气生物滤池内填充黏土生物陶粒滤料，填料粒径为4^8毫米，曝气生物滤池的气水比为I :2，滤速控制为4飞米/小时，曝气生物滤池兼有生化降解和高效截流作用，将高效活性污泥法处理过程中残余的有机及无机污染物进一歩去除，保障造纸废水的达标排放，经曝气生物滤池处理后，COD的累积去除率达到93、4%、SS的累积去除率达到969^98%、色度的累积去除率达到959^97%。
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| CN107585950A (zh) * | 2017-08-25 | 2018-01-16 | 河海大学 | 一种微污染原水的预处理方法及其装置 |
| CN108328864B (zh) * | 2018-02-12 | 2020-05-29 | 武汉晨鸣汉阳纸业股份有限公司 | 一种造纸废水处理工艺 |
| CN108358360A (zh) * | 2018-03-22 | 2018-08-03 | 齐鲁工业大学 | 一种可以实现造纸废水降解的高效处理系统 |
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| US6878856B2 (en) * | 2002-03-14 | 2005-04-12 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | System and method for bioremediating wastestreams containing energetics |
| CN101698556A (zh) * | 2009-11-05 | 2010-04-28 | 北京美绿环境工程有限责任公司 | 一种麦草浆造纸中段废水处理方法及处理设备 |
| CN101781056A (zh) * | 2009-01-16 | 2010-07-21 | 山东泉林纸业有限责任公司 | 造纸废水的处理方法 |
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| US6878856B2 (en) * | 2002-03-14 | 2005-04-12 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | System and method for bioremediating wastestreams containing energetics |
| CN101781056A (zh) * | 2009-01-16 | 2010-07-21 | 山东泉林纸业有限责任公司 | 造纸废水的处理方法 |
| CN101698556A (zh) * | 2009-11-05 | 2010-04-28 | 北京美绿环境工程有限责任公司 | 一种麦草浆造纸中段废水处理方法及处理设备 |
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