CN102224784A - Chemical and biological combined soil remediation method of banana wasteland - Google Patents
Chemical and biological combined soil remediation method of banana wasteland Download PDFInfo
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- CN102224784A CN102224784A CN 201110081683 CN201110081683A CN102224784A CN 102224784 A CN102224784 A CN 102224784A CN 201110081683 CN201110081683 CN 201110081683 CN 201110081683 A CN201110081683 A CN 201110081683A CN 102224784 A CN102224784 A CN 102224784A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a chemical and biological combined soil remediation method of banana wasteland and belongs to an agricultural intensive production technology. Aiming at the waste soil in which the morbidity of banana soilborne wilt in the current year is larger than 30% and the morbidity of super-serious banana soilborne wilt in the next year is larger than 40%, the method provided by the invention comprises the following steps: treating the soil by utilizing ammonium bicarbonate and lime or stronger ammonia water; killing a certain amount of soil microorganisms; controlling the number of soil fusarium oxysporum (banana wilt pathogenic bacteria) in per g of the soil to be 10<4>; applying a banana specialized-type microorganism organic fertilizer (100kg/mu); regulating the soil humidity; leading the number of externally added beneficial microorganisms in per g of soil to respectively achieve 10<6>-10<8>; and forming an advantageous group in the soil. Through treating the soil by the method, a paddy field with the current-year morbidity less than 10% has the morbidity about 30% in the next year, thus the soil with the super-various banana soilborne wilt is effectively remedied, and is reclaimed for planting bananas.
Description
One, technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of soil chemistry and bio combined restorative procedure of banana abandoned land, be used for super serious banana soil and pass the soil chemistry of fusarium wilt (banana abandoned land) and bio combined, belong to the intensive agriculture production technology.
Two, background technology
It is the most scabrous problem during all economic crops produce that continuous cropping soil passes fusarium wilt, and the methods such as bio-fertilizer that usually adopt crop rotation, soil disinfection in the production and use anti-soil-borne disease reduce because soil passes the economic loss that fusarium wilt causes.
Yet, with regard to banana planting, owing to need typical tropical and subtropical climatic condition, solve being difficult to by crop rotation, few because China possesses the climatic province that can plant banana, 1,000,000 mu of Hainan Province's banana planting areas in 2005, but to just falling sharply to 560,000 mu in 2008, reason wherein is exactly that the soil that causes of banana continuous cropping passes fusarium wilt, and a lot of experts estimate, if do not solve banana continuous cropping fusarium wilt, China's banana just can't be produced after 10 years.Generally, banana was planted 4 years continuously, just began to take place soil and passed fusarium wilt, and when fusarium wilt incidence then reaches 30%, the coming year, the banana peasant just abandoned this ground, because if the field fusarium wilt is above 30%, the banana peasant will face loss of capital.
Because it is very difficult that the restriction of weather conditions becomes the banana crop rotation, a lot of banana peasants plant banana after just turning to soil disinfection to handle again, the past banana peasant generally adopts Celfume to come disinfection soil, but because atmospheric environment is produced severe contamination to Celfume and agricultural product security can not get ensureing, sterilization once needs to drop into 800 yuan/mu on the other hand, cost is very high, just bans use of Celfume to come disinfection soil before 10 years in the world, and China also completely forbids at present.Under this background, it is more and more that banana soil passes the fusarium wilt abandoned land, and often possess the most sufficient light, heat condition in these areas, therefore how to take green approach, the abandoned land reparation that banana blight is caused becomes the soil that can plant banana, not only China's banana production is produced great supporting role, the control that other economic crops soil are passed fusarium wilt also has important directive significance.
On the other hand, the feces of livestock and poultry behind crops straw on-site incineration, the large-scale cultivations such as paddy rice, wheat, corn, rape has been thrown aside etc. not only severe contamination everywhere environment, also greatly having wasted can be as the raw material of fertilizer and biological organic fertilizer product; A large amount of nutrient resource (C, N, P, K, S and trace element) runs off outside soil-plant system, has weakened the ability of China's agricultural sustainable development significantly.The nutritive element how will take away because of harvesting crops from soil is returned in the soil to greatest extent and goes, and unique approach is made organic commercial fertilizer with these solid organic castoffs exactly, is manured into soil again.If these solid organic castoffs through the synthetic high-grade organic compost of hot fermentation, are inoculated and can prevent and treat the antagonism bacterium that banana soil passes fusarium wilt, made microorganism organic fertilizer definite functions will have good application prospects.
Three, summary of the invention
1. technical problem
The objective of the invention is to develop a kind of technology that can repair super serious banana soil biography fusarium wilt and not have environmental pollution, repair rate reaches more than 80%, and a large amount of banana abandoned land soil are repaired rapidly, guarantees agriculture the shaping up that intensify.
Technical scheme
The soil chemistry of banana abandoned land and bio combined restorative procedure comprise:
Plough soil depth 0-30cm earlier, with lime and bicarbonate mixture 300kg/ mu, or 400kg/ mu concentrated ammonia liquor is manured into soil, after raking, be covered in upper soll layer with plastic film immediately, kept 10 days, and took plastic film off after 10 days, apply contain the bacillus subtilis Pseudomonas that preserving number is CGMCC NO.3183 (
Bacillus subtilis) NJN-6 and preserving number be CGMCC No.3308 Trichoderma harzianum (
Trich oderma harzianum) the banana specialized form microbial organic fertilizer 100kg/ mu of SQR-T037, keeping the 30-50% of water-retaining quantity among field of soil simultaneously, the beneficial microbe bacillus subtilis NJN-6 and the Trichoderma harzianum SQR-T037 that impel external source to add amount to 10
6-8Individual/g soil, in soil, form dominant microflora.
Described banana specialized form microbial organic fertilizer is: contain 1 * 10 in this fertilizer
8Bacillus subtilis NJN-6 that individual/g is above and Trichoderma harzianum SQR-T037, full nitrogen quality are 4～5% than content, and mass ratio is organic nitrogen more than 90% in the full nitrogen, and total nitrogen phosphorus potassium nutrition mass ratio is 6～10%, the quality of organic matter ratio content is 30～35%.
The mass ratio of used lime and bicarbonate mixture is 2:1, with mixing with usefulness, and perhaps NH in the ammoniacal liquor
3Concentration be 80%.Described plastic film is an ordinary agricultural membrane, and plastic sheeting for farm use thickness is thick more good more.
Beneficial effect
A kind of super serious banana soil of the present invention passes the soil chemistry and the bio combined recovery technique of fusarium wilt (banana abandoned land), and its technology is compared with at present relevant other technologies has following advantage:
1) the used soil disinfectant of this technology does not have problem of environmental pollution, and lime is the soil conditioner that is usually used in increasing soil pH, and carbonic hydroammonium then is common chemical fertilizer, both is combined use, and utilizes to discharge NH
3Come disinfection soil, disinfectant has increased soil pH (any of several broadleaf plants garden soil pH is increased to more than 7 from about 5.5) on the one hand, not only helps the banana crops growth, can also suppress the activity of Fusarium oxysporum to a certain extent, residual on the other hand NH
3In soil, form NH
+ 4Provide nitrogen nutrition to crop.
2) contain a large amount of bacillus subtilis (NJN-6) and the mould fungi of useful wood (SQR-T037) in the microbial organic fertilizer of using after the soil disinfection, this two strains bacterium not only has strong antagonism to the pathogenic bacteria (Fusarium oxysporum subspecies 4) of banana blight, and can also significantly promote the banana growth, increase banana production.
3) contain the various nutritive elements of abundant organic matter and plant growing needs in the microbial organic fertilizer of being used, can coordinate the crop nutrition content balance, increase soil fertility, thereby significantly increase crop yield.
Four, embodiment
Be used for soil chemistry and bio combined recovery technique that super serious banana soil passes fusarium wilt (banana abandoned land), comprise soil treatment and use two aspects of extraordinary microbial organic fertilizer, wherein,
With banana abandoned land about 30cm that turns over, with being sprinkled into soil immediately after carbonic hydroammonium (200kg/ mu)+lime (100kg/ mu) mixing, use the plastic film mulching soil after raking immediately, detected soil Fusarium oxysporum quantity in per 2 days, ten days (when Fusarium oxysporum quantity reaches 10
4Individual/g is following) after throw off plastic film (, then suitably postponing to take off the film time) if run into rainy weather, every mu use 100kg contain the bacillus subtilis that preserving number is CGMCC NO.3183 (
Bacillus subtilis) NJN-6 and preserving number see patent No. ZL200910183361.3 for CGMCC No.3308(, prevents and kill off the antagonism bacterium and the microorganism organic fertilizer thereof of continuous cropping banana Panama wilt disease) and Trichoderma harzianum (
Trich oderma harzianum) SQR-T037(sees patent No. ZL200910233576.1, the biocontrol strains of continuous cropping cucumber, watermelon blight and microorganism organic fertilizer thereof) banana specialized form microbial organic fertilizer, pour into certain water yield, make soil moisture content reach about 40% of field capacity, the beneficial microbe (bacillus subtilis and wood are mould) that impels external source to add reaches 10
6-8Individual/g soil, formation advantage group in soil.Handle soil by said method, make the field piece when annual morbidity about 30%, the incidence of disease in the coming year is less than 10%, thereby the soil that makes super serious banana soil pass fusarium wilt is effectively repaired the plantation banana of reclaiming once more.
Described banana specialized form microbial organic fertilizer is: contain 1 * 10 in this fertilizer
8Bacillus subtilis NJN-6 that individual/g is above and Trichoderma harzianum SQR-T037, full nitrogen quality are 4～5% than content, and mass ratio is organic nitrogen more than 90% in the full nitrogen, and total nitrogen phosphorus potassium nutrition mass ratio is 6～10%, the quality of organic matter ratio content is 30～35%.Its preparation method is:
(1) antagonism bacterium NJN-6 is inoculated into the PDA culture fluid, carries out liquid fermentation production, the condition of its fermenting and producing is: pH6.0～7.0,30～35 ℃ of fermentation temperature scopes, mixing speed is 180～300 rev/mins, and fermentation time is 48hr., zymotic fluid contain bacterium or gemma amount 〉=1 * 10
10Individual/ml;
Bacterial strain SQR-T037 is inoculated into the PDA culture fluid, carry out liquid fermentation production, the condition of its fermenting and producing is: initial pH scope is 6.5-7.2, cultivation temperature 25-30 ℃, dissolved oxygen: throughput volume ratio scope is 30～100%, 170 rev/mins, and fermentation time is 48 hours, the fermentation later stage all is broken into the colony-forming units of this bacterial strain, the colony-forming units of this bacterial strain 〉=1 * 10 in the zymotic fluid with mycelium pellet
9Individual/mL;
(2) respectively NJN-6 and SQR-T037 zymotic fluid are inoculated into by the amount of 50 L/ tons in the microbial decomposition mixture of the pig manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed and the dish dregs of rice and carry out solid fermentation, turning every day is 1 time in the fermentation process, temperature is no more than 50 ℃, fermented 5 days, antagonism bacterium NJN-6 and SQR-T037 content all reach 1 * 10 after the fermentation ends
8Individual/as more than the g, to obtain pig manure solid fungicide, the microbial decomposition mixture solid microbial inoculum of the dish dregs of rice and the two kinds of solid fungicides of SQR-T037 of antagonism bacterium NJN-6.
(3) microbial decomposition mixture two classes of pressing pig manure, the dish dregs of rice are mixed antagonism bacterium NJN-6 solid fungicide and SQR-T037 solid fungicide respectively with volume ratio 1:1, obtain the solid mix bacterium agent of pig manure and the solid mix bacterium agent of dish dregs of rice microbial decomposition mixture;
(4) again with the solid mix bacterium agent of the solid mix bacterium agent of pig manure and dish dregs of rice microorganism enzymolysis mixture by volume the ratio of 50-70%:30-50% fully mix, and after-ripening 2-3 days, turning is 2 times in the after-ripening process, at last the water content that is no more than under 60 ℃ the condition microbial organic fertilizer in temperature is evaporated to below 30%, and packing is dispatched from the factory and is the banana specialized form microbial organic fertilizer that contains bacillus subtilis NJN-6 and Trichoderma harzianum SQR-T037.
Used PDA culture fluid compound method is: be cut into small pieces to be put in the water after peeling with 200 g potatoes and boil, boil 30 min after the boiling, then filter with four layers of hospital gauze, filtrate adds 20 g common sucrose, be settled to 1000 ml, the pH value transfers to 7.2-7.4,121 ℃ of sterilization 20 min.The used pig manure germination index that becomes thoroughly decomposed of step (2) is more than 98%, quality of organic matter ratio content 〉=35%, and the organic nitrogen quality is 1.2-2% than content, water content mass ratio 25-30%.The microorganism enzymolysis preparation method of mixture of its Chinese food dregs of rice (seeing patent of invention ZL200610086126.0, a kind of organism preparation method of agricultural amino acid and fertilizer product thereof) is, with preserving number be CGMCC NO.1543 germ oligotrophy unit cell (
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia) bacterial strain 37-1 zymotic fluid joins in the dish dregs of rice raw material, regulate water content 55-65% and pH 6.0-7.5, carry out open solid fermentation, treat to begin immediately when fermentation temperature rises to 50 ℃ turning, turning every day later on, make the heap temperature maintain all the time 35-50 ℃ totally 5 days, after solid fermentation begins, the pH of stacking yard can constantly rise, and with containing acid solution body adjusting water content and pH, makes them maintain 55-65% and 6.0-7.0 respectively during each turning, when stopping, fermentation sprays with containing the acid solution body again, be adjusted into about 5.0 until stacking yard pH, carry out low temperature drying or natural airing again, be the microorganism enzymolysis mixture of the dish dregs of rice.
Perhaps use concentrated ammonia liquor (to contain NH
380%) (400kg/ mu) replaces carbonic hydroammonium+lime treatment soil, though the concentrated ammonia liquor effect is more remarkable than carbonic hydroammonium+lime, because concentrated ammonia liquor field operation difficulty relatively, large tracts of land uses that still carbonic hydroammonium+lime is more feasible.
The principle of above-mentioned soil disinfectant is to utilize the NH that discharges in a large number in the disinfectant
3Kill edaphon, wherein the soil Fusarium oxysporum than other microorganisms in the soil to NH
3More responsive, lethality is higher, after the soil treatment, the bacillus subtilis (NJN-6) and the mould fungi of useful wood (SQR-T037) that contain a large amount of antagonism banana blights in the banana specialized form microbial organic fertilizer that applies, this two strains bacterium ramp under suitable soil condition, breeding, become the superior microorganism group in the soil, further suppress in the soil activity of the Fusarium oxysporum that also exists, thereby effectively control the generation that banana soil passes fusarium wilt.Above-mentioned technology is called soil chemistry and bio combined recovery technique.
, the greenhouse pot culture effect
Annotate: handle 1: every basin dress 5kg soil (contrast), do not handle soil
Handle 2: every basin dress 5kg soil adds 200g carbonic hydroammonium and 400g lime, the plastic film sealing
Handle 3: every basin dress 5kg soil adds the 650g concentrated ammonia liquor
Can find out from table 1 and to handle soil with concentrated ammonia liquor, along with its Fusarium oxysporum quantity of time after handling descends rapidly, basicly stable in 6.4-9.7 * 10 to handling after 7 days
3/ g, and be the soil of handling (contrast) 1.7 * 10
5About/g, with handling not as concentrated ammonia liquor in preceding 8 days of the effect of carbon ammonium+lime treatment, but to handling basic the same with the concentrated ammonia liquor processing of effect after 10 days.The above results shows, handles soil with carbon ammonium+lime or concentrated ammonia liquor, can make soil Fusarium oxysporum quantity reduce by two orders of magnitude, reaches the soil disinfection effect.
* 1Annotate: handle 1: every basin dress 5kg soil (contrast) is not handled soil, does not add microbial organic fertilizer
Handle 2: every basin dress 5kg soil, soil add microbial organic fertilizer 25g after with carbon ammonium (consumption is with table 1)+lime treatment (consumption is with table 1)
Handle 3: every basin dress 5kg soil, soil adds microbial organic fertilizer 25g after handling (consumption is with table 1) with concentrated ammonia liquor
* 2Annotate: be respectively banana ground biomass and incidence of disease when transplanting 6 months
Can find out that from table 2 potted plant soil is with after carbon ammonium+lime or concentrated ammonia liquor processing and using microbial organic fertilizer, Fusarium oxysporum quantity can be controlled at 10 in banana interior soil breeding time
4In/the g, do not reach 10 and do not handle with the control soil Fusarium oxysporum quantity of not using microbial organic fertilizer
6/ g has caused the control treatment banana blight incidence of disease to reach 81%, and the soil disinfection and the processing incidence of disease of using microbial organic fertilizer have only 8% once.The soil disinfection simultaneously and the processing banana biomass comparison of using microbial organic fertilizer be according to having increased more than 35%, illustrates that it also is very significant that this microorganism organic fertilizer comes into force really to banana short.
, the field effect
Soil treatment and use the influence of microbial organic fertilizer under table 3 field condition to the banana incidence of disease and output
| Handle | The banana blight incidence of disease (%) during results | Banana production during results (kg/ mu) |
| 1 | 43.5 | 217.8 |
| 2 | 8.1 | 381.2 |
| 3 | 6.6 | 398.6 |
Annotate: handle 1: do not handle soil, do not execute microbial organic fertilizer
Handle 2: soil is used microbial organic fertilizer 100kg/ mu after handling with carbon ammonium (100kg/ mu)+lime (200kg/ mu) again
Handle 3: soil is used microbial organic fertilizer 100kg/ mu after handling with concentrated ammonia liquor (400kg/ mu) again
As known from Table 3, banana blight is retransmitted ground soil (contrast) incidence of disease and is reached 43.5%, and with carbon ammonium+lime or concentrated ammonia liquor handle this soil, the incidence of disease of banana blight only is 8.1% or 6.6% when using results behind the microbial organic fertilizer again, banana blight abandoned land soil chemistry and bio combined repair rate reach 81.4% and 84.8% respectively, and the breakthrough of this technology will provide strong technical support to the sound development of China's banana industry and other economic crops industries.
Claims (7)
1. the soil chemistry of banana abandoned land and bio combined restorative procedure comprise:
Plough soil depth 0-30cm earlier, with lime and bicarbonate mixture 300kg/ mu, or 400kg/ mu concentrated ammonia liquor is manured into soil, after raking, be covered in upper soll layer with plastic film immediately, kept 10 days, and took plastic film off after 10 days, apply contain the bacillus subtilis that preserving number is CGMCC NO.3183 (
Bacillus subtilis) NJN-6 and preserving number be CGMCC No.3308 Trichoderma harzianum (
Trich oderma harzianum) the banana specialized form microbial organic fertilizer 100kg/ mu of SQR-T037, keeping the 30-50% of water-retaining quantity among field of soil simultaneously, the beneficial microbe bacillus subtilis NJN-6 and the Trichoderma harzianum SQR-T037 that impel external source to add amount to 10
6-8Individual/g soil, in soil, form dominant microflora.
2. method according to claim 1, described banana specialized form microbial organic fertilizer is: contain 1 * 10 in this fertilizer
8Bacillus subtilis NJN-6 that individual/g is above and Trichoderma harzianum SQR-T037, full nitrogen quality are 4～5% than content, and mass ratio is organic nitrogen more than 90% in the full nitrogen, and total nitrogen phosphorus potassium nutrition mass ratio is 6～10%, the quality of organic matter ratio content is 30～35%.
3. method according to claim 1 and 2, the mass ratio of used lime and bicarbonate mixture are 2:1, perhaps NH in the ammoniacal liquor
3Concentration be 80%.
4. method according to claim 1 and 2, described plastic film are ordinary agricultural membrane.
5. method according to claim 4, described plastic sheeting for farm use thickness is thick more good more.
6. the described banana specialized form of claim 2 microbial organic fertilizer.
7. the application of the described banana specialized form of claim 6 microbial organic fertilizer.
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| CN102531712A (en) * | 2012-03-13 | 2012-07-04 | 镇江恒欣肥料科技有限公司 | Disease control seedling raising medium produced by using vinegar residue and production method for disease control seedling raising medium |
| CN102657012A (en) * | 2012-05-20 | 2012-09-12 | 何寒 | Cultivation management method for controlling banana wilt |
| CN102924136A (en) * | 2012-11-01 | 2013-02-13 | 南京农业大学 | Process for utilizing abandoned feathers to produce special bio-organic fertilizer for bananas and product thereof |
| CN105274146A (en) * | 2015-11-19 | 2016-01-27 | 广东海洋大学 | Method for preparing fermentation materials for preventing and treating banana fusarium wilt and application of fermentation materials |
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| CN102657012A (en) * | 2012-05-20 | 2012-09-12 | 何寒 | Cultivation management method for controlling banana wilt |
| CN102924136A (en) * | 2012-11-01 | 2013-02-13 | 南京农业大学 | Process for utilizing abandoned feathers to produce special bio-organic fertilizer for bananas and product thereof |
| CN105274146B (en) * | 2015-11-19 | 2019-05-24 | 广东海洋大学 | A kind of preparation method and applications preventing and treating banana blight fermentation material |
| CN105274146A (en) * | 2015-11-19 | 2016-01-27 | 广东海洋大学 | Method for preparing fermentation materials for preventing and treating banana fusarium wilt and application of fermentation materials |
| CN106718398A (en) * | 2016-12-05 | 2017-05-31 | 蓝莹 | A kind of banana blight sterilizing methods |
| CN108467838A (en) * | 2018-04-04 | 2018-08-31 | 四川省农业科学院植物保护研究所 | A kind of fusarium graminearum scale inoculation method |
| CN110078551A (en) * | 2019-05-10 | 2019-08-02 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | A kind of preparation method and applications of anti-disease microbial bacterial manure |
| CN110078551B (en) * | 2019-05-10 | 2021-12-28 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Preparation method and application of disease-resistant microbial fertilizer |
| CN111226984A (en) * | 2020-03-17 | 2020-06-05 | 韦士陈 | Medicine for treating banana wilt and preparation method thereof |
| CN112625978A (en) * | 2021-01-13 | 2021-04-09 | 南宁市拜欧生物工程有限责任公司 | Banana growth-promoting water-soluble microbial agent, preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN113303316A (en) * | 2021-06-16 | 2021-08-27 | 茂生生物科技保定有限公司 | High-efficiency sterilization and disinfection method for seedbed soil |
| CN113303316B (en) * | 2021-06-16 | 2023-02-17 | 茂生生物科技保定有限公司 | High-efficiency sterilization and disinfection method for seedbed soil |
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