CN110078551B - Preparation method and application of disease-resistant microbial fertilizer - Google Patents
Preparation method and application of disease-resistant microbial fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN110078551B CN110078551B CN201910391561.1A CN201910391561A CN110078551B CN 110078551 B CN110078551 B CN 110078551B CN 201910391561 A CN201910391561 A CN 201910391561A CN 110078551 B CN110078551 B CN 110078551B
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- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
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- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a disease-resistant microbial fertilizer, which comprises the following operation steps: (1) weighing an organic fertilizer, adjusting C/N of the organic fertilizer to be 25-30: 1, and adjusting Ca in the organic fertilizer2+The content is 5-7%; (2) adjustment of C/N and Ca to step (1)2+And (3) inoculating trichoderma harzianum in the organic fertilizer with the content, wherein the inoculation amount is 15-20%, and fermenting to obtain the disease-resistant microbial fertilizer. The prepared drug-resistant microbial fertilizer can promote banana growth and has a good effect of preventing and treating banana wilt; after the formula of the drug-resistant microbial fertilizer is optimized, besides trace elements required for growth of bananas, more comprehensive nutrition is provided for growth of trichoderma harzianum, trichoderma is enabled to quickly propagate in the organic fertilizer, a large number of enzymes and metabolites capable of stimulating growth of bananas are generated, accordingly growth of bananas is promoted, and the trichoderma harzianum strain has a certain synergistic effect on growth of bananas.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method and application of a bacterial fertilizer, in particular to a preparation method and application of a disease-resistant microbial fertilizer.
Background
Banana wilt, the most serious devastating disease in banana production, is caused by Fusarium oxysporum cubeba specialized (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubeuse) infection. Once the disease occurs, the whole plant is always harvested absolutely, which causes huge loss on the yield of bananas and seriously restricts the development of the banana industry in China. Because a large amount of pathogenic bacteria are distributed in the soil, most of the bactericide applied to the soil is not yet contacted with the pathogenic bacteria, and the pathogenic bacteria are diluted and dispersed by the soil, and the lasting period of the chemical agent in the soil is short, so that the effect of continuously controlling diseases is difficult to play. Therefore, the effect is difficult to obtain by simply depending on the bactericide to prevent and treat the banana vascular wilt, so that the banana vascular wilt is still in a 'non-treatable' state at present. The use of a large amount of chemical pesticides can cause pesticide residues and environmental pollution, and the long-term use of chemical agents can cause drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria to reduce the control effect and even cause control failure. Therefore, the selection of microorganisms with antagonistic action against pathogenic bacteria is undoubtedly an effective way to be explored and studied. Therefore, a disease-resistant microbial bacterial fertilizer which can effectively prevent and treat banana wilt, has a good prevention and treatment effect, is green and environment-friendly and is suitable for large-scale popularization is urgently needed.
The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides a preparation method and application of a disease-resistant microbial fertilizer, and aims to obtain the disease-resistant microbial fertilizer which is good in effect of preventing and treating banana wilt and is environment-friendly.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a preparation method of a disease-resistant microbial fertilizer comprises the following operation steps:
(1) weighing an organic fertilizer, adjusting C/N of the organic fertilizer to be 25-30: 1, and adjusting Ca in the organic fertilizer2+The content is 5-7%;
(2) adjustment of C/N and Ca to step (1)2+Inoculating trichoderma harzianum into the organic fertilizer with the content, wherein the inoculation amount is 15-20% of the mass of the organic fertilizer, and fermenting to obtain the disease-resistant microbial fertilizer.
Preferably, glutinous rice flour is adopted in the step (1) to adjust the C/N ratio of the organic fertilizer to 25-30: 1.
Preferably, calcium sulfate (CaSO) is used in step (1)4) Regulating Ca in organic fertilizer2+The content is 5-7%.
Preferably, the organic fertilizer component in the step (1) is 40.1% of organic matter, 22.9% of organic carbon, 21.21% of water, 1.4% of N, and P2O5 1.32％、KCl 1.35％、S 0.27％、Ca 2.32％、Fe 14.76％、 Cu 6.38×10-3％、Zn 0.05％、Mg 0.01％，C/N 16.35，pH 7.0。
Preferably, the inoculation is carried out after the Trichoderma harzianum strain is prepared into spore suspension in the step (2), namely, the Trichoderma harzianum strain is inoculated into PSA plate (PSA culture medium: 200g fresh potato, 20g sucrose, 15g agar, 1L water, natural pH), culturing at 28 deg.C for 7d, adding 10mL sterile water into each dish, scraping off spores with sterile inoculating loop, and collecting to obtain a concentration of 1.28 × 108CFU/mL of Trichoderma harzianum spore suspension, and placing in a refrigerator at 4 ℃ for standby.
Preferably, the fermentation in step (2) is a 28 ℃ fermentation for 14 d.
The prepared disease-resistant microbial fertilizer is applied to preventing and treating banana wilt.
The application tool is characterized in that the disease-resistant microbial fertilizer prepared in the above way and vermiculite are fully and uniformly mixed, and the mixture is transplanted together with banana seedlings with 5-6 leaves and consistent growth vigor, and the mixture is sprayed with water for 1 time every 2-3 days, so that the disease-resistant microbial fertilizer is obtained.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the prepared drug-resistant microbial fertilizer can promote banana growth and has a good effect of preventing and treating banana wilt; after the formula of the drug-resistant microbial fertilizer is optimized, besides trace elements required for growth of bananas, more comprehensive nutrition is provided for growth of trichoderma harzianum, trichoderma is enabled to quickly propagate in organic fertilizers, and a large number of enzymes and metabolites capable of stimulating growth of bananas are generated, so that growth of bananas is promoted, and trichoderma harzianum strains have a certain synergistic effect on growth of bananas.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description is to be read in connection with specific embodiments, but it should be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments. The glutinous rice flour used in the examples is commercially available: 57.8 percent of total carbon and 1.38 percent of total nitrogen; trichoderma harzianum strain, commercially available; the organic fertilizer is purchased from Nanning Guiyuxin agricultural science and technology Limited company.
Example 1
A preparation method of a disease-resistant microbial fertilizer comprises the following operation steps:
(1) weighing organic fertilizer, adjusting C/N of the organic fertilizer to 25:1 by using glutinous rice flour, and adopting calcium sulfate (CaSO)4) RegulatingCa in organic fertilizer2+The content is 7%;
(2) inoculating Trichoderma harzianum strain into PSA plate (PSA culture medium: fresh potato 200g, sucrose 20g, agar 15g, water 1L, pH is natural), culturing at 28 deg.C for 7d, adding 10mL sterile water into each dish, gently scraping off spores with sterile inoculating loop, collecting to obtain product with concentration of 1.28 × 108CFU/mL of Trichoderma harzianum spore suspension, placing in a refrigerator at 4 deg.C for use, and adjusting C/N and Ca to step (1)2+Inoculating the reserved trichoderma harzianum spore suspension into the organic fertilizer with the content, wherein the inoculation amount is 15%, and fermenting for 14 days at 28 ℃ to obtain the disease-resistant microbial fertilizer; wherein the organic fertilizer comprises 40.1% of organic matter, 22.9% of organic carbon, 21.21% of water, 1.4% of N and P2O5 1.32％、KCl 1.35％、S 0.27％、Ca 2.32％、Fe 14.76％、 Cu 6.38×10-3％、Zn 0.05％、Mg 0.01％，C/N 16.35，pH 7.0。
Example 2
A preparation method of a disease-resistant microbial fertilizer comprises the following operation steps:
(1) weighing organic fertilizer, adjusting C/N of the organic fertilizer to 27:1 by using glutinous rice flour, and adopting calcium sulfate (CaSO)4) Regulating Ca in organic fertilizer2+The content is 6 percent;
(2) inoculating Trichoderma harzianum strain into PSA plate (PSA culture medium: fresh potato 200g, sucrose 20g, agar 15g, water 1L, pH is natural), culturing at 28 deg.C for 7d, adding 10mL sterile water into each dish, gently scraping off spores with sterile inoculating loop, collecting to obtain product with concentration of 1.28 × 108CFU/mL of Trichoderma harzianum spore suspension, placing in a refrigerator at 4 deg.C for use, and adjusting C/N and Ca to step (1)2+Inoculating the reserved trichoderma harzianum spore suspension into the organic fertilizer with the content of 17%, and fermenting for 14 days at 28 ℃ to obtain the disease-resistant microbial fertilizer; wherein the organic fertilizer comprises 40.1% of organic matter, 22.9% of organic carbon, 21.21% of water, 1.4% of N and P2O5 1.32％、KCl 1.35％、S 0.27％、Ca 2.32％、Fe 14.76％、 Cu 6.38×10-3％、Zn 0.05％、Mg 0.01％，C/N 16.35，pH 7.0。
Example 3
A preparation method of a disease-resistant microbial fertilizer comprises the following operation steps:
(1) weighing organic fertilizer, adjusting C/N of the organic fertilizer to 30:1 by using glutinous rice flour, and adopting calcium sulfate (CaSO)4) Regulating Ca in organic fertilizer2+The content is 5 percent;
(2) inoculating Trichoderma harzianum strain into PSA plate (PSA culture medium: fresh potato 200g, sucrose 20g, agar 15g, water 1L, pH is natural), culturing at 28 deg.C for 7d, adding 10mL sterile water into each dish, gently scraping off spores with sterile inoculating loop, collecting to obtain product with concentration of 1.28 × 108CFU/mL of Trichoderma harzianum spore suspension, placing in a refrigerator at 4 deg.C for use, and adjusting C/N and Ca to step (1)2+Inoculating the reserved trichoderma harzianum spore suspension into the organic fertilizer with the content of 20%, and fermenting for 14 days at 28 ℃ to obtain the disease-resistant microbial fertilizer; wherein the organic fertilizer comprises 40.1% of organic matter, 22.9% of organic carbon, 21.21% of water, 1.4% of N and P2O5 1.32％、KCl 1.35％、S 0.27％、Ca 2.32％、Fe 14.76％、 Cu 6.38×10-3％、Zn 0.05％、Mg 0.01％，C/N 16.35，pH 7.0。
Applications of
The disease-resistant microbial fertilizer prepared in the embodiment 3 and the applications of the comparison treatments in preventing and treating banana wilt are as follows:
6 treatments were set: (1)200g of original organic fertilizer (the original organic fertilizer is organic fertilizer, the components of the organic fertilizer are 40.1 percent of organic matters, 22.9 percent of organic carbon, 21.21 percent of water, 1.4 percent of N and P)2O5 1.32％、KCl 1.35％、S 0.27％、Ca 2.32％、Fe 14.76％、Cu 6.38×10-3％、Zn 0.05％、Mg 0.01％， C/N 16.35，pH 7.0)；
(2)200g of optimized organic fertilizer (organic fertilizer prepared according to optimized formula: adjusting C/N ratio to 30:1, Ca)2+5%) at 28 ℃ for 14 d;
(3)40mL of Trichoderma harzianum strain spore suspension (Trichoderma harzianum strain is inoculated into a PSA plate (PSA culture medium: 200g of fresh potato, 20g of cane sugar, 15g of agar and 1L of water, pH is natural), cultured for 7d at 28 ℃, 10mL of sterile water is added into each dish, spores are gently scraped off by using a sterile inoculating loop, and the collected spores are collected to obtain the Trichoderma harzianum strain spore suspensionTo a concentration of 1.28X 108CFU/mL of a suspension of Trichoderma harzianum spores);
(4)200g of original bacterial manure (i.e. total 200g of organic fertilizer +40mL of trichoderma harzianum strain spore suspension, the organic fertilizer having the same composition as in treatment (1));
(5)200g of the disease-resistant microbial fertilizer prepared in example 3;
(6) blank CK (40mL clear water or tap water).
And fully and uniformly mixing the 6 treatments with 500g of vermiculite, transplanting the mixture and banana seedlings with 5-6 leaves and consistent growth vigor into plastic pots with the height of 22cm and the diameter of 20cm, transplanting 1 banana seedling in each pot, spraying water for 1 time every 2-3 days, and repeating all the treatments for 3 times and 12 banana seedlings in each time. And (4) after the banana is transplanted for 50 days, measuring the growth amount of each processed banana seedling. From the results (table 1), it can be seen that the optimized organic fertilizer, the original bacterial fertilizer and the disease-resistant microbial fertilizer prepared by the method can significantly improve the plant height of bananas, so that the plant height of bananas is 20.23cm when the disease-resistant microbial fertilizer prepared by the method is applied. The original organic fertilizer, the optimized organic fertilizer and the disease-resistant microbial fertilizer prepared by the method can obviously improve the stem circumference of the bananas, so that the stem circumference of the bananas is the thickest and 14.10mm when the optimized bacterial fertilizer is applied. Except for the spore suspension liquid of trichoderma harzianum, the fresh weight and the dry weight of the bananas can be obviously improved through other treatments, so that the fresh weight and the dry weight of the bananas are the maximum when the disease-resistant microbial fertilizer prepared by the application of the application, and the fresh weight and the dry weight are 48.17 g/plant and 4.31 g/plant respectively. In conclusion, the application of the disease-resistant microbial fertilizer prepared by the application can obviously improve the plant height, stem circumference, fresh weight and dry weight of the banana, and respectively improve the plant height, stem circumference, fresh weight and dry weight of the banana by 36.87%, 33.78%, 120.36% and 147.70% compared with a control.
TABLE 1
After 21 days of inoculation, the disease incidence of banana vascular wilt is investigated, and the results (table 2) show that the disease index of each treatment is 10.71-58.33, which is obviously lower than that of the control (P < 0.05). The prevention and treatment effect of each treatment on banana vascular wilt is more than 16.95%, wherein the prevention and treatment effect of the disease-resistant microbial bacterial fertilizer prepared by the method reaches 84.75%, is improved by 15.26% compared with the bacterial fertilizer prepared by the original formula, and is remarkably higher than that of other treatments (P is less than 0.05).
TABLE 2
| Treatment of | Index of disease condition | Control effect (%) |
| Treatment (1) | 58.33±2.98b | 16.95±0.08d |
| Treatment (2) | 53.57±2.98b | 23.73±0.04d |
| Treatment (3) | 38.10±3.15c | 45.76±0.04c |
| Treatment (4) | 21.43±3.15d | 69.49±0.04b |
| Treatment (5) | 10.71±1.79d | 84.75±0.03a |
| Processing (6) CK | 70.24±3.31a | — |
The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain certain principles of the invention and its practical application to enable one skilled in the art to make and use various exemplary embodiments of the invention and various alternatives and modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. The preparation method of the disease-resistant microbial fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following operation steps of:
(1) organic fertilizer is weighed, glutinous rice flour is adopted to adjust C/N of the organic fertilizer to be 25-30: 1, and Ca in the organic fertilizer is adjusted2+The content is 5-7%;
(2) adjustment of C/N and Ca to step (1)2+Inoculating trichoderma harzianum into the organic fertilizer with the content, wherein the inoculation amount is 15-20%, and fermenting for 14 days at 28 ℃ to obtain the disease-resistant microbial fertilizer.
2. The method for preparing an anti-disease microbial fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (1), calcium sulfate is adopted to adjust Ca in the organic fertilizer2+The content is 5-7%.
3. The method for preparing an anti-disease microbial fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the organic compound described in step (1)The fertilizer comprises 40.1 percent of organic matter, 22.9 percent of organic carbon, 21.21 percent of water, 1.4 percent of N and P2O5 1.32％、KCl 1.35％、S 0.27％、Ca 2.32％、Fe 14.76％、Cu 6.38×10-3％、Zn 0.05％、Mg 0.01％，C/N 16.35，pH 7.0。
4. The method for preparing an anti-disease microbial fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein: inoculating Trichoderma harzianum strain after preparing spore suspension in step (2), inoculating Trichoderma harzianum strain into PSA plate, culturing at 28 deg.C for 7d, adding sterile water, scraping off spores, collecting to obtain a concentration of 1.28 × 108CFU/mL of a suspension of Trichoderma harzianum spores.
5. The method for preparing an anti-disease microbial fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the prepared disease-resistant microbial fertilizer is applied to preventing and treating banana wilt.
6. The method for preparing an anti-disease microbial fertilizer as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the application tool is characterized in that the disease-resistant microbial fertilizer prepared in the above way is uniformly mixed with vermiculite, and the mixture is transplanted together with banana seedlings, and water is sprayed for 1 time every 2-3 days, so that the fertilizer is obtained.
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