CN102212812A - Chromium-free rare-earth environment-friendly chemical conversion treatment method of die casting aluminium alloy part - Google Patents
Chromium-free rare-earth environment-friendly chemical conversion treatment method of die casting aluminium alloy part Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a chromium-free environment-friendly chemical conversion treatment process of a die casting aluminium alloy part, comprising the steps of: surface sand-blasting treatment of the die casting aluminium alloy part, surface pre-treatment of the die casting aluminium alloy part, preparation of a chromium-free environment-friendly conversion solution, chemical conversion treatment, and sealing treatment after the chemical conversion treatment. One composition of a chemical conversion coating layer is oxide of tetravalent cerium. The chemical conversion coating layer is uniform and tawny with the thickness about 2 mum. The chemical conversion coating layer prepared with the method has an excellent corrosion resisting property, is on a par with a trivalent chromium chemical conversion coating, and has high binding strength with a matrix. Products or discharges after the chemical conversion treatment do not contain hexavalent chromium, which is harmful to the environment and human health.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of aluminium diecast alloy component surface chemical conversion processing method; particularly relate to diecasting aluminum-silicon alloy surface chromium-free environment protection chemical conversion treatment process; can obtain even, the fine and close tawny Chrome-free protective film of thickness at the diecasting aluminum-silicon alloy component surface; this film can be used as the naked film of diecasting aluminum-silicon alloy component, replace traditional sexavalent chrome and trivalent chromium chemical conversion to handle.
Background technology
Developing of automobile industry, the increase of automobile pollution when promoting China's development of manufacturing and bringing convenience to people's life, has also produced oil consumption, discharging and safety three big problems; Lightweight is the important means of automotive industry energy-saving and emission-reduction, and lightweight must cause the extensive application of aluminium alloy on automobile.Typical aluminium matter part by one-step weight loss effect can reach 30-40%, and the secondary loss of weight then can further improve 50%.American-European-Japanese car had on average reached 127kg/ with the aluminium amount in 2006.Europe aluminium association (EAA) prediction, before 2015, European car will increase to 300kg/ with the aluminium amount, if the component of car, what every available aluminium alloy was made all replaces with it, so each car on average will reach 454kg with the aluminium amount, light-weighted effect will improve greatly.Vehicle weight whenever alleviates 10%, can realize fuel-economizing 8% at most.Every use 1kg aluminium can make car reduce the 20kg exhaust emissions in lifetime.The aluminium alloy that is applied to automobile at present comprises: other application such as the aluminum alloy plate materials of cover panel, cast aluminium alloy component, extruded section, reflectal, aluminium wire/Al alloy composite.
Though aluminium and alloy thereof are used widely, because the electropotential of aluminium is lower, when in wet environment, during with the noble potential metallic contact, very easily producing crevice corrosion.Aluminium alloy is in manufacturing processed in addition, add various alloying elements owing to pursuing high mechanical property and otherwise over-all properties, the existence of these elements makes inner Chemical Composition of aluminium alloy and tissue odds spare, add the existence of unrelieved stress in the thermal treatment and the course of processing, make aluminum alloy materials in environment for use, very easily cause micro-cell corrosion.And aluminium alloy exists damp atmosphere inevitably in environment for use, and these damp atmospheres condense in aluminum alloy material surface and form moisture film, and that even more serious is the Cl that has certain content in the damp atmosphere
-, SO
2, H
2S, CO
2Deng material, in this case, the destruction of forms such as the easier generation spot corrosion of aluminum alloy materials, intergranular corrosion, stress corrosion.
At present, section bar aluminium alloy anode oxide technology and chromic salt chemistry oxidation technology are widely used, for the aluminium diecast alloy part, can not adopt anodic oxidation because its complex-shaped and alloying element content is high, and that the chromic salt chemistry is oxidized to is low, easy to operate, corrosion resisting property is high and be widely used.But since 2007, Europe and North America were completely forbidden the various product of aluminum alloy surface chromate treating, as aluminium section bar, automobile component and electronic product etc., because sexavalent chrome is to the carcinogenic harm of human body.The substitute technology research and development of chromic salt chemistry conversion processing are subjected to paying close attention to widely, present substitute technology mainly contains trivalent chromium chemical passivation, the chemical conversion of inorganic salt Chrome-free and organic membrane facture, the trivalent chromium passivation is to utilize trivalent chromium and fluorion and phosphate radical plasma to form the protection against corrosion of complex compound passive film, but trivalent chromium also exists potential harm to human health, as 02122325.4,03143851.2, patents such as US7018486B2,200710034656.5,200810196013.5, US7029541B2; Inorganic chromium-free treatment method mainly is to adopt: metal inorganic salts such as zirconium, titanium, cobalt, molybdenum, rare earth are as the main salt of film-forming soln, form the thin conversion film of one deck in aluminum alloy surface, as 200510100993.0,200610103829.X, 200610046292.8,200680002318.7, patents such as 200810027556.4; The organic membrane facture is to utilize organosilane can improve the bounding force between polymkeric substance and the inorganic materials and form one deck organic protective film in the metallic surface; but film formation time is very slow and cost is high, as patents such as US4689085, US6596835B1, US6562148B1, US6436475B1.But chromic substitute technology patent recited above mainly is at aluminium section bar, as corrosion-resisting aluminium, 2 line aluminium alloys, 6 line aluminium alloys etc., not necessarily is suitable for for aluminium diecast alloy.Because it can be divided into Deformed Aluminum alloy and cast aluminium alloy to aluminium alloy by the position of phasor of living in.The Deformed Aluminum alloy can be divided into heat-treatable strengthened Deformed Aluminum alloy and not heat-treatable strengthened Deformed Aluminum alloy according to solvus, heat-treatable strengthened Deformed Aluminum alloy designations is 2000 to be, 4000 to be, 6000 be and 7000 be, not heat-treatable strengthened Deformed Aluminum alloy designations is 3000 to be and 5000 to be; Cast aluminium alloy can be divided into Al-Si system, Al-Cu system, Al-Mg system and Al-Zn system again according to alloying element content, and its corresponding trade mark is: Al-Si is as ZL1XX, and Al-Cu is trade mark ZL2XX, and Al-Mg is that ZL3XX and Al-Zn are ZL4XX.
Aluminium diecast alloy and section bar aluminium alloy alloying element have very big difference, element silicon massfraction as diecasting aluminum-silicon alloy and section bar aluminium alloy differs about 10%, the component of diecasting aluminum-silicon alloy are complicated and require resistance to air loss good, and the eutectic structure that forms good fluidity so add a large amount of element silicons is eliminated defectives such as necking down, pore.Owing to the high silicon characteristics of diecasting aluminum-silicon alloy make its preservative property poor, chemical conversion is handled the rotten effect of rear defence not as the section bar aluminium alloy, and present aluminum alloy chemically conversion processing patent mainly is anticorrosion at the section bar aluminium alloy, and also some is as the paint counterdie.Because the kind of aluminium alloy just has 14 kinds; the trade mark is various; chemical conversion is handled can not be to take a part for the whole; so the present invention relates to a kind of aluminium diecast alloy surface chemistry transformation treatment technique; particularly relate to diecasting aluminum-silicon alloy surface chromium-free rare earth environment protection chemical conversion treatment process; can obtain even, the fine and close tawny Chrome-free protective film of thickness at the diecasting aluminum-silicon alloy component surface, can be used as the anticorrosive use of the naked film of aluminium diecast alloy component.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to the problem that exists at prior art, a kind of environmental protection, low cost, speed is fast and preservative effect is good aluminium diecast alloy component chromium-free environment-friendly chemical conversion treatment process are provided.
In order to realize above-mentioned goal of the invention, the present invention is by the following technical programs:
(1) aluminium diecast alloy component surface pretreatment technology: at first, the aluminium diecast alloy component are through sandblasting, the surface face obtains certain degree of cleaning and roughness, the component surface roughness is controlled at 30-100um, the mechanical property of workpiece surface is improved, increased the sticking power between it and the chemical conversion layer; Secondly, the aluminium diecast alloy component after the sandblast become product by machine tooling, as mechanical workouts such as punching, chamfering, finish-milling correct grindings; Then, the greasy dirt when alkali lye degreaser ultrasonic wave is removed the component surface machining is used the deionized water rinsing component after the alkali lye oil removing; At last, acid-wash activation is removed the oxide film on surface, makes aluminium diecast alloy component surface light and handle for step chemical conversion down to prepare, and uses the deionized water rinsing part after the pickling;
(2) configuration of chromium-free environment-friendly chemical conversion treatment solution: this treatment solution is composited by A, B two components,
Described A component is made up of rare-earth salts, tensio-active agent and activator, and described B component is made up of oxygenant and film forming accelerating; Chemical conversion solution A component middle-weight rare earths salts contg is 2-30g/L, and tensio-active agent is 0.5-10g/L, and activator is 4-20g/L, and oxygenate content is 0.5-10g/L in the chemical conversion solution B component, and film forming accelerating content is 2-6 g/L;
(3) aluminium diecast alloy component chemical conversion treatment process: with A component in the step (2) and B group
Divide solution to use with the proportioning of the ratio of 1:1, the temperature of chemical conversion solution is controlled at 50 ℃-80 ℃, and time 3-15 minute, the pH value 1-3 of treatment solution; Aluminium diecast alloy component after will handling through step (1) then carry out chemistry is changeed processing, and its microscopic appearance contains a large amount of holes and tiny crack as shown in Figure 7;
(4) aluminium diecast alloy component aftertreatment technology: will be zero through the aluminium diecast alloy that step (3) is handled
Parts sealed 5 minutes-25 minutes in 80 ℃-100 ℃ deionized water, oven dry then, and its macro morphology is shown in (3) among Fig. 1, microscopic appearance as shown in Figure 8, hole and tiny crack are sealed, its solidity to corrosion relatively not aftertreatment improve a lot, as (b) among Figure 10 and (c) contrast;
In the described step (2), A component middle-weight rare earths salt is selected from one or both in Cerium II Chloride, cerous nitrate and the cerous sulfate, and tensio-active agent is selected from a kind of in stearic acid, lauric acid and the Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, and activator is a fluoride ion salt; Oxygenant is selected from potassium permanganate, hydrogen peroxide, Potcrate, the ammonium persulphate one or more in the B component, and film forming accelerating is selected from strontium chloride, phosphoric acid, Weibull and the nitrilo trimethylene tri methylene phosphonic acid (ATMP) one or both.
The present invention compares with prior art, has following advantage:
(1) The present invention be directed to aluminium diecast alloy component surface conversion processing, and unlike main in the previous patent
If at section bar aluminum alloy surface conversion processing, because aluminium alloy is of a great variety, its alloying constituent of different types of aluminium alloy has a great difference, and prescription is handled in chemical conversion can not be complete with inclined to one side lid, and chemical conversion is handled and wanted Focus.
(2) aluminium diecast alloy component surface chemical conversion rete is that rete one of is formed with ceric oxide compound, does not contain in the rete environment and the deleterious sexavalent chrome of HUMAN HEALTH; Even film layer, exterior appearance as shown in Figure 8, thickness is illustrated in figure 9 as about 2 μ m.
(3) the aluminium diecast alloy component are through behind the chemical conversion treatment process of the present invention, and its salt fog resistance performance has greatly improved, and it is compared with untreated aluminium diecast alloy, and corrosion resisting property has improved 30 times, (a) and (c) contrast among microcosmic erosion profile such as Figure 10; Shown in Fig. 2～7; it is the trivalent chromium chemical conversion solution that adopts U.S. Henkel Corp. to produce that trivalent chromium is handled; carry out neutral salt fog resistance performance contrast through aluminium diecast alloy component behind the chromium-free environment-friendly chemical conversion treatment process of the present invention and the aluminium diecast alloy component behind Henkel trivalent chromate treating; can draw aluminium diecast alloy chromium-free environment-friendly chemical conversion treatment process from three picture groups can compare favourably with aluminium diecast alloy trivalent chromium chemical conversion processing on the salt fog resistance performance; its anti-neutral salt spray time can reach 25 hours, and it is 30 hours that the anti-neutral salt spray time is handled in the chemical conversion of aluminium diecast alloy trivalent chromium.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 figure (a), Fig. 1 (b), Fig. 1 (c) be aluminium diecast alloy be untreated, trivalent chromium is handled, the in kind comparison diagram of chromium-free environment-friendly chemical conversion after handling.
Fig. 2 (b), Fig. 2 (c) be respectively aluminium diecast alloy handle through trivalent chromium and chromium-free environment-friendly chemical conversion processing after at 12 hours comparison diagram in kind of neutral salt spray test;
Fig. 3 (b), Fig. 3 (c) be respectively aluminium diecast alloy handle through trivalent chromium and chromium-free environment-friendly chemical conversion processing after at 15 hours comparison diagram in kind of neutral salt spray test;
Fig. 4 (b), Fig. 4 (c) be respectively aluminium diecast alloy handle through trivalent chromium and chromium-free environment-friendly chemical conversion processing after at 30 hours comparison diagram in kind of neutral salt spray test;
Fig. 5 (b), Fig. 5 (c) be respectively aluminium diecast alloy handle through trivalent chromium and chromium-free environment-friendly chemical conversion processing after at 35 hours comparison diagram in kind of neutral salt spray test;
Fig. 6 (b), Fig. 6 (c) be aluminium diecast alloy handle through trivalent chromium and chromium-free environment-friendly chemical conversion processing after at 45 hours comparison diagram in kind of neutral salt spray test;
Fig. 7 is that rear surface rete pattern is handled in the aluminium diecast alloy chemical conversion;
Fig. 8 is after the aluminium diecast alloy chemical conversion is handled, again through hot water sealing treatment rear surface rete pattern;
The rear surface thicknesses of layers is handled in the chemical conversion of Fig. 9 aluminium diecast alloy, and wherein 1 is resin layer, and 2 is alloy matrix aluminum;
Figure 10 figure (a), figure (b), figure (c) are respectively the aluminium diecast alloy component surface and do not do any processing, aluminium diecast alloy component surface chemical oxidation, aluminium diecast alloy component surface chemical oxidation and sealing treatment through neutral salt spray test microcosmic erosion profile after 30 hours.
Embodiment
For technical characterstic of the present invention is described better, be further described of the present invention below in conjunction with embodiment.
Embodiment 1:
Configuration chemical conversion fluid component A: cerous nitrate 10g/L, tensio-active agent stearic acid 2g/L, activator Potassium monofluoride 4g/L; B component: potassium permanganate 5g/L, phosphatase 24 g/L; During use,, will be immersed in the chemical conversion solution through pretreated aluminium diecast alloy component with the volume ratio configuration of A and B two component solutions with 1:1,80 ℃ of following conversion processing 6 minutes, the washed with de-ionized water component are put into 90 ℃ of degree deionized waters sealing 10 minutes, oven dry at last then.The anti-neutral salt spray time of test aluminium diecast alloy component gained chemical conversion film is 2 hours.
Embodiment 2:
Configuration chemical conversion fluid component A: cerous nitrate 10g/L, tensio-active agent lauric acid 2g/L, activator Sodium Fluoride 4g/L; B component: hydrogen peroxide 5g/L, Weibull 4g/L; During use,, will be immersed in the chemical conversion solution through pretreated aluminium diecast alloy component with the volume ratio configuration of A and B two component solutions with 1:1,80 ℃ of following conversion processing 6 minutes, the washed with de-ionized water component are put into 90 ℃ of degree deionized waters sealing 10 minutes, oven dry at last then.The anti-neutral salt spray time of test aluminium diecast alloy component gained chemical conversion film is 5 hours.
Embodiment 3:
Configuration chemical conversion fluid component A: Cerium II Chloride 10g/L, tensio-active agent Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate 2g/L, activator Potassium monofluoride 2g/L; B component: Potcrate 1g/L, strontium chloride 1g/L; During use,, will be immersed in the chemical conversion solution through pretreated aluminium diecast alloy component with the volume ratio configuration of A and B two component solutions with 1:1,60 ℃ of following conversion processing 5 minutes, the washed with de-ionized water component are put into 90 ℃ of degree deionized waters sealing 5 minutes, oven dry at last then.The anti-neutral salt spray time of test aluminium diecast alloy component gained chemical conversion film is 8 hours.
Embodiment 4:
Configuration chemical conversion fluid component A: Cerium II Chloride 15g/L, tensio-active agent Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate 1g/L, activator Sodium Fluoride 3g/L; B component: potassium permanganate 3g/L, nitrilo trimethylene tri methylene phosphonic acid 2g/L; During use,, will be immersed in the chemical conversion solution through pretreated aluminium diecast alloy component with the volume ratio configuration of A and B two component solutions with 1:1,50 ℃ of following conversion processing 3 minutes, the washed with de-ionized water component are put into 50 ℃ of degree deionized waters sealing 10 minutes, oven dry at last then.The anti-neutral salt spray time of test aluminium diecast alloy component gained chemical conversion film is 15 hours.
Embodiment 5:
Configuration chemical conversion fluid component A: cerous sulfate 15g/L, tensio-active agent lauric acid 1g/L, activator Potassium monofluoride 3g/L; B component: ammonium persulphate 3g/L, nitrilo trimethylene tri methylene phosphonic acid 2g/L; During use,, will be immersed in the chemical conversion solution through pretreated aluminium diecast alloy component with the volume ratio configuration of A and B two component solutions with 1:1,80 ℃ of following conversion processing 3 minutes, the washed with de-ionized water component are put into 100 ℃ of degree deionized waters sealing 10 minutes, oven dry at last then.The anti-neutral salt spray time of test aluminium diecast alloy component gained chemical conversion film is 8 hours.
Claims (2)
1. an aluminium diecast alloy component chromium-free environment-friendly chemical conversion processing method is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
1.1 aluminium diecast alloy component surface pretreatment technology:
At first, through sandblasting, Part Surface Roughness is controlled at 30-100 μ m with the aluminium diecast alloy component;
Secondly, the aluminium diecast alloy component after the sandblast are become product by machine tooling;
Then, the greasy dirt when alkali lye degreaser ultrasonic wave is removed the component surface machining is used the deionized water rinsing component after the alkali lye oil removing;
At last, acid-wash activation is removed the oxide film on surface, uses the deionized water rinsing component after the pickling;
1.2 the configuration of chromium-free environment-friendly chemical conversion treatment solution:
This treatment solution is composited by A, B two components, and described A component is made up of rare-earth salts, tensio-active agent and activator, and described B component is made up of oxygenant and film forming accelerating; Chemical conversion solution A component middle-weight rare earths salts contg is 2-30g/L, and tensio-active agent is 0.5-10g/L, and activator is 4-20g/L, and oxygenate content is 0.5-10g/L in the chemical conversion solution B component, and film forming accelerating content is 2-6 g/L;
1.3 aluminium diecast alloy component chemical conversion treatment process: A component in the step 1.2 and B component solution are used with the proportioning of the ratio of 1:1, and the temperature of chemical conversion solution is controlled at 50 ℃-80 ℃, time 3-15 minute, and the pH value 1-3 of treatment solution; Aluminium diecast alloy component after will handling through step 1.1 then carry out chemistry is changeed processing;
1.4 aluminium diecast alloy component aftertreatment technology: will be through the zero portion of the aluminium diecast alloy that step 1.3 is handled
Part sealed 5 minutes-25 minutes in 80 ℃-100 ℃ deionized water, then oven dry.
2. a kind of aluminium diecast alloy component chromium-free environment-friendly chemical conversion processing method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, A component middle-weight rare earths salt is selected from one or both in Cerium II Chloride, cerous nitrate and the cerous sulfate, tensio-active agent is selected from a kind of in stearic acid, lauric acid and the Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, and activator is a fluoride ion salt; Oxygenant is selected from potassium permanganate, hydrogen peroxide, Potcrate, the ammonium persulphate one or more in the B component, and film forming accelerating is selected from strontium chloride, phosphoric acid, Weibull and the nitrilo trimethylene tri methylene phosphonic acid (ATMP) one or both.
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| CN102443794A (en) * | 2011-12-06 | 2012-05-09 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Aluminum alloy scratch resistant and fingerprint resistant chromium-free chemical conversion solution for ship and preparation method of conversion film |
| CN102534592A (en) * | 2012-01-10 | 2012-07-04 | 北京科技大学 | Zirconium salt chemical conversion treatment method for surface of die-casting aluminum alloy |
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| CN102534592A (en) * | 2012-01-10 | 2012-07-04 | 北京科技大学 | Zirconium salt chemical conversion treatment method for surface of die-casting aluminum alloy |
| CN102534592B (en) * | 2012-01-10 | 2013-06-05 | 北京科技大学 | Zirconium salt chemical conversion treatment method for surface of die-casting aluminum alloy |
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| CN104928669A (en) * | 2015-03-30 | 2015-09-23 | 重庆志成机械有限公司 | Chromium-free passivation technology of cast aluminum alloy |
| CN105543825A (en) * | 2016-03-15 | 2016-05-04 | 上海应用技术学院 | Compound surfactant type passivator as well as preparation method and application thereof |
| CN105951080A (en) * | 2016-06-27 | 2016-09-21 | 无锡伊佩克科技有限公司 | Composite passivant for aluminium alloy surface, and preparation method thereof |
| CN105951080B (en) * | 2016-06-27 | 2018-11-20 | 力同铝业（广东）有限公司 | Aluminum alloy surface composite passivant and preparation method thereof |
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| CN110029306A (en) * | 2019-04-23 | 2019-07-19 | 度亘激光技术（苏州）有限公司 | A kind of cleaning method of vacuum coating equipment cavity aluminium alloy element |
| CN114774903A (en) * | 2022-03-29 | 2022-07-22 | 浙江工业大学 | Zirconium-titanium-based composite passivation solution suitable for chromium-free passivation of aluminum alloy and passivation process |
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