CN102201270B - Radioactive liquid waste treatment device - Google Patents

Radioactive liquid waste treatment device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102201270B
CN102201270B CN 201110078992 CN201110078992A CN102201270B CN 102201270 B CN102201270 B CN 102201270B CN 201110078992 CN201110078992 CN 201110078992 CN 201110078992 A CN201110078992 A CN 201110078992A CN 102201270 B CN102201270 B CN 102201270B
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radioactive waste
liquid
tail gas
guide rail
volume
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CN 201110078992
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CN102201270A (en
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张喜华
王武尚
李进
黄来喜
何文新
浣石
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Polytron Technologies Inc (Xiamen)
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Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology
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Abstract

The invention relates to a radioactive liquid waste treatment device comprising a feeding device, a volume reducer of radioactive wastes, a tail gas and residual liquid treatment device and a conveyer. The feeding device, the tail gas and residual liquid treatment device and the conveyer are respectively connected with the volume reducer; the feeding device, the tail gas and residual liquid treatment device, the conveyer and the volume reducer are integrally arranged under a vacuum environment; the volume reducer comprises a macroscopic dehydration volume-reduction unit for macroscopically dehydrating and reducing volume of the radioactive liquid wastes and a heating-drying volume-reduction unit, and the heating-drying volume-reduction unit and the macroscopic dehydration volume-reduction unit for breaking the organization structure of the radioactive wastes are connected by a pipeline to form a seal system. A movable radioactive liquid waste treatment device disclosed by the invention has the advantages of little environment pollution, safe and reliable treatment process and reduced storage space, and reaches the state standard of effluent discharge.

Description

Liquid radioactive waste treating device
Technical field
The invention belongs to the radioactive waste process field, the treating apparatus that relates to the liquid discarded object of multiple radioactivity relates in particular to the multiple liquid radioactive waste treating devices such as the radioactivity concentrate that produces in a kind of nuclear industry and Nuclear Power Station reactor process, radioactivity mud, radioactive water saturated resin.
Background technology
Nuclear power day by day is subject to people's attention and utilizes as a kind of efficient, energy cleaning, ends 2010, and China mainland just has 13 nuclear power generating sets putting into effect, also will successively drop into commercial operation at 24 units building.Nuclear power is when bringing the tremendous economic interests to people, manufacturability refuse and technical refuse that it produces in the course of the work all have certain radioactivity, for example in the course of the work except producing manufacturability refuse concentrate, mud and waste water saturated resin, also to produce a large amount of such as thieving paper, wet rag, Polypropylence Sheet, cotton products, waste wood head, building waste and metallic article discarded object at technical processes such as maintenance and maintenance.These discarded objects all have certain specific radioactivity, deposit after must processing through certain technical measures, if it is improper to process or deposit, the radioactive contamination that causes when suffering natures such as earthquake, the attack of terrorism or artificial destruction will be to the consequence of bringing on a disaster property of people.When at present these being contained radioactive waste and process, adopt often cement solidification or burn the mode such as filtration.For the cement solidification mode, contain active discarded object directly after overcompression, the water mudding is deposited, because of its increase-volume than large, storage expenses is high, take storage space is subject to greatly various challenges.for burning filter type, through burning and filter containing radioactive waste, although can alleviate storage space to a great extent, storage expenses is corresponding reduction also, but because the pollution of its burning generation bioxin to environment also can not look down upon, simultaneously, present this burning mode structure is very huge, except investment intensity greatly, its stationary structure has brought each power station to contain the drawback that radioactive waste has to be transferred to the volume reduction treatment center processing, virtually increased the possibility that nucleic falls apart outward, and the restriction due to type of heating, make the nucleic in radioactive waste form gasoloid with the thermal current drift when burning, input and the pressure processed have also been increased when increasing the vent gas treatment difficulty, might further cause secondary or repeated pollution.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical matters that exists in background technology, the invention provides the liquid radioactive waste packaged type treating apparatus that a kind of environmental pollution is little, processing procedure is safe and reliable, can reduce storage space and meet discharging standards.
technical solution of the present invention is obviously different from ZL 2,010 2 0301544.9 (radioactivity concentrate microwave drier), specifically: the invention provides the totally-enclosed liquid radioactive waste treating device of a kind of packaged type to injectivity waste, its special character is: described liquid radioactive waste treating device is integrated in a packaged type, comprise the feed arrangement of supplying with for the liquid towards radioactive waste, the capacity-reduction device of radioactive waste, radioactive waste after capacity-reduction device is processed tail gas and the residual liquid processing apparatus of the tail gas that forms and raffinate, feeding device to radioactive waste formed handled thing after capacity-reduction device is processed, described feed arrangement, tail gas and residual liquid processing apparatus and feeding device are connected with capacity-reduction device by pipeline respectively, described feed arrangement, tail gas and residual liquid processing apparatus, feeding device and capacity-reduction device integral body are in vacuum environment, described capacity-reduction device comprises that carrying out macroscopic view dehydration for the liquid towards radioactive waste subtracts to hold the unit and subtract with the macroscopic view dehydration heat drying that holds the institutional framework that is used for the destruction radioactive waste that unit pipe is connected and subtract the appearance unit.
Above-mentioned macroscopic view dehydration subtracts that to hold the unit be hydro-extractor, filtering membrane or filter screen, preferably hydro-extractor; When described macroscopic view dehydration subtracts when holding the unit and being hydro-extractor, described hydro-extractor is the hollow funnel-form; Described hydro-extractor comprises import, outlet and centrifugate drain hole; Described liquid radioactive waste is undertaken centrifugal by the import that volume pump enters hydro-extractor; Described liquid radioactive waste is discharged from outlet after removing macroscopical moisture through hydro-extractor is centrifugal; Described liquid radioactive waste enters the raffinate disposal system or reenters the nuclear power station water circulation system from the centrifugate drain hole through the centrifugate that produces after centrifugal.
The heat drying of radioactive waste subtracts and holds the unit and comprise be used to the trash receptacle that holds solid waste, the annulus that is used for sealing trash receptacle port and the first heater that is arranged at the trash receptacle upper end; Described first heater is electric heater unit, hot-water heating system, microwave heating equipment, infrared heating device or oil heating unit, preferably microwave heating equipment.
Above-mentioned tail gas and residual liquid processing apparatus comprise exhaust gas processing device, cooling part flow arrangement and residual liquid processing apparatus; Described exhaust gas processing device is connected with cooling part flow arrangement by pipeline respectively with residual liquid processing apparatus; Described cooling part flow arrangement comprises the first quenching condenser and coupled gatherer; Described the first quenching condenser and exhaust gas processing device connect; Described gatherer and cooling part flow arrangement connect; Described exhaust gas processing device comprises core level high efficiency particulate air filter and active carbon filter; Described the first quenching condenser connects by core level high efficiency particulate air filter and active carbon filter; Described radioactive waste subtracts tail gas after appearance and discharges after by active carbon filter; Described residual liquid processing apparatus comprises resin filter, sampling analysis device and selector valve; Described gatherer is connected with the sampling analysis device by resin filter; Described sampling analysis device is connected with selector valve.
Above-mentioned exhaust gas processing device also comprises the second quenching condenser, and described core level high efficiency particulate air filter connects by the second quenching condenser and active carbon filter; Described the second quenching condenser is connected with gatherer; Described resin filter is the amberlite grease filter.
Above-mentioned feed arrangement comprises liquid radioactive waste storage tank and the volume pump that is connected with its pipeline.
Above-mentioned feeding device comprise to the radioactive waste bucket transport transport guide rail, limit control, be used for promoting or reducing the radioactive waste bucket hoistable platform, be used for the radioactive waste bucket is carried out the distance type suspender of weight measurement and the automatic capping device that the radioactive waste bucket is carried out capping; The parallel top that transports guide rail that is arranged at of described automatic capping device; Described hoistable platform butts up against and transports guide rail; Described limit control comprises travel switch and grating sensor; Be provided with grating sensor on described hoistable platform; Described hoistable platform butts up against by travel switch and transports guide rail; Described automatic capping device is stopper removing machine tool hand and capping mechanical arm; The described guide rail that transports is drum-type guide rail, belt guide rail or bearing guide; Described hoistable platform is the hydraulic lifting rotation platform.
Advantage of the present invention is:
A kind of liquid towards radioactive waste treatment facility provided by the present invention, this device is integrated in an airtight shield, thereby realized that refuse barrelling, capping overall process after the input of original radioactive waste, processing to processing complete automatically in shield, avoided the staff to contact with the direct of radioactive waste, effectively prevented secondary pollution and to personnel's injury, the control zone of adopting independent removable shielding cavity to realize the nuclear waste disposal indispensability; Utilize the heating mechanism of microwave to have realized the setting-out evaporation technique, thereby avoided in the traditional approach boiling the carrying radioactive nuclide due to water; Because microwave power output can be in harmonious proportion the instantaneity of microwave heating, microwave energy is converted into heat energy and acts on material, and reaction velocity is fast, can accomplish timely control, and an outstanding feature of microwave heating is that thermal inertia is little, is conducive to realize that robotization controls.In addition, the present invention has also utilized tail gas and the raffinate disposal system after efficient radioactive waste subtracts appearance, this system changes tradition and only depends on the mode of filtering or adsorbing, the mode that adopts the formation multiple times of filtration such as quenching condenser, gatherer, core level high efficiency particulate air filter, active carbon filter, sampling analysis system, vacuum system or absorption and gas-liquid to process respectively can guarantee the qualified discharge of tail gas and raffinate; Improving experiment safety, reliability, high efficiency while, the isolated operation technology has been avoided the injury of radioactivity to the staff, have advantages of can thoroughly remove the residual activity material, safe and reliable, meet discharging standards, certainly will become the replacement product of present disposal system.The 3rd, the present invention has also adopted radioactive waste conveying device, this device adopts guide rail and automatic capping device that the pail for used dressings that contains radioactive waste is transported and encapsulates, and can complete charging basket and enter chamber, transport in place, capping, weigh, export the work such as cavity in the pulpit.Realize the free isolated operation system of computer controlled automatic, improving experiment safety, reliability, high efficiency while, reduced contacting of staff and nuke rubbish, avoided the injury of radioactivity to the staff.The 4th, the feed arrangement of radiomaterial of the present invention, when processing solid waste, this device substitutes existing artificial filling mode by computer-controlled Material disintegrator and with the feed screw of automatic shutter gate, the instruction that can send according to control center's computing machine after storage container obtains radioactive waste is completed the pulverizing of combustible waste in good time and the waste material of efficient volume-reduction device is replenished; When processing liquid radioactive waste, the instruction that volume pump can send according to control center's computing machine is completed the centrifugal dehydration of liquid radioactive waste in good time or the waste material of efficient volume-reduction device is replenished in good time.Time saving and energy saving, provide cost savings, safe and reliable.At last, integral body of the present invention is to carry out in vacuum environment, and the silt that has further reduced radioactive nuclide goes out.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the framework sketch of radioactive waste treatment facility provided by the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of liquid radioactive waste treating device provided by the present invention.
Embodiment
Referring to Fig. 1, the invention provides a kind of radioactive waste treatment facility, the tail gas of the capacity-reduction device, radioactive waste that comprises the feed arrangement supplied with for the liquid towards radioactive waste, radioactive waste institute's tail gas that forms and raffinate after capacity-reduction device is processed and residual liquid processing apparatus, to the feeding device of radioactive waste formed handled thing after the capacity-reduction device processing; Feed arrangement, tail gas and residual liquid processing apparatus and feeding device are connected with capacity-reduction device by pipeline respectively; Feed arrangement, tail gas and residual liquid processing apparatus, feeding device and capacity-reduction device integral body are in vacuum environment.
The radioactive waste capacity-reduction device comprises for the dry capacity-reduction device that efficiently removes radioactive waste moisture, subtract hold the unit mainly by the hydro-extractor that is used for efficiently removing the macroscopical moisture of radioactive waste and to the drying device of adsorption moisture evaporation in radioactive waste destroy the radioactive waste institutional framework carbonizing plant form, the device that removes macroscopical moisture in radioactive waste is hydro-extractor preferably; When macroscopic view dehydration subtracts when holding the unit and using hydro-extractor, hydro-extractor is the hollow funnel-form; Hydro-extractor comprises import, outlet and centrifugate drain hole; Liquid radioactive waste is undertaken centrifugal by the import that volume pump enters hydro-extractor; Discharge from outlet after liquid radioactive waste is centrifugal through hydro-extractor; Liquid radioactive waste is discharged from the centrifugate drain hole through the centrifugate that produces after centrifugal.
Liquid radioactivity capacity-reduction device has a packaged type shielding cavity made from compound substance equally; The cavity outside has a pipeline that joins with the liquid radioactive waste storage tank, one trash receptacle turnover gate and the tail gas, raffinate interface valve by the computer control automatic shutter; Inside cavity is fixed with feed arrangement, efficient volume-reduction device, tail gas and raffinate disposal system, transport system.Feed system is that a cover is with a volume pump auto-compensation waste system by computer close-loop control; Subtracting the appearance system is comprised of two parts, first is a special centrifugal drying device, be used for removing macroscopical moisture of liquid radioactive waste transport process to improve drying efficiency, second portion is a device that is connected with vacuum acquiring system by exhaust treatment system, and be with Packed circular interface, its upper end is microwave heating equipment fixedly, and the lower end can be docked and the sealing metal trash receptacle; The second portion use microwave array antenna technology that simultaneously layout has contactless device for measuring temperature of materials, reinforced apparatus for measuring charge level, macroscopic view to detect camera head and the measurement result that provides according to device for measuring temperature of materials is carried out the feed-in scheduling by computer control is determined the system of the microwave heating unit work of the polynary combination of magnetic-control array.
Tail gas and raffinate disposal system comprise exhaust gas processing device, cooling part flow arrangement and residual liquid processing apparatus; Described exhaust gas processing device is connected with cooling part flow arrangement by pipeline respectively with residual liquid processing apparatus.Cooling part flow arrangement comprises the first quenching condenser and coupled gatherer; The first quenching condenser and exhaust gas processing device connect; Gatherer and cooling part flow arrangement connect.Exhaust gas processing device comprises core level high efficiency particulate air filter and active carbon filter; The first quenching condenser connects by core level high efficiency particulate air filter and active carbon filter; Radioactive waste subtracts tail gas after appearance and discharges after by active carbon filter.The first quenching condenser, active carbon filter and core level high efficiency particulate air filter are to be in vacuum environment.Exhaust gas processing device also comprises the second quenching condenser, and described core level high efficiency particulate air filter connects by the second quenching condenser and active carbon filter; The second quenching condenser is connected with gatherer.Residual liquid processing apparatus comprises resin filter, sampling analysis device and selector valve; Gatherer is connected with the sampling analysis device by resin filter; The sampling analysis device is connected with selector valve.Resin filter is the amberlite grease filter.
Feeding device comprises the automatic capping device that transports guide rail and the radioactive waste bucket is carried out capping that the radioactive waste bucket is transported; The parallel top that transports guide rail that is arranged at of described automatic capping device.Radioactive waste conveying device also comprises for the hoistable platform that promotes or reduce the radioactive waste bucket; Hoistable platform butts up against and transports guide rail.Radioactive waste conveying device also comprises limit control; Limit control comprises travel switch and grating sensor; Be provided with grating sensor on hoistable platform; Hoistable platform butts up against by travel switch and transports guide rail.Radioactive waste conveying device also comprises for the radioactive waste bucket being carried out the distance type suspender of weight measurement.Automatic capping device is stopper removing machine tool hand and capping mechanical arm.Transporting guide rail is drum-type guide rail, belt guide rail or bearing guide.Hoistable platform is the hydraulic lifting rotation platform.
The volume pump that the liquid radioactive waste feed arrangement is mainly controlled by base liquid radioactive waste storage tank, central computer, be used for removing macroscopical moisture hydro-extractor, receive and complete radioactive waste heat drying capacity-reduction device and the pipeline with electrically operated valve that the said equipment consists of closed loop is formed.
The removable shielding cavity 1 of radioactive waste treatment facility provided by the present invention (referring to Fig. 1) by steel wallboard 11, one the waste material turnover gate 12 by the computer control automatic shutter, automatically controlled fishplate bar 13, tail gas discharge conection 14, raffinate discharge conection 15 and one for trash receptacle go out into the obturator that forms of board plug type automatically-controlled door 16.
Fig. 2 has provided the device layout of an example of liquid radioactive waste efficient volume-reduction device provided by the present invention.Shielding cavity 1 is by steel wallboard 11, charging rapid pipe connecting 12, automatically controlled fishplate bar 13, tail gas discharge conection 14, raffinate discharge conection 15 and the obturator that board plug type automatically-controlled door 16 forms; Cavity 1 inside is fixed with a feed arrangement 2 that forms by computer-controlled volume pump 21; By special macroscopical dehydration plant 31, the liquid radioactive waste efficient volume-reduction device 3 that utilizes the setting-out vaporising device 32 of microwave heating mechanism to form; The exhaust gas processing device 4 that is formed by core level high efficiency particulate air filter 41, liquid-ring vacuum pump 42, condenser 43, high efficiency particulate air filter 44, condenser 45, active carbon filter 46, liquid ring vacuum unit 47 and sampler 48; The raffinate disposal system 5 that is formed by gatherer 51, filtrator 52, sampling analysis device 53, water circulating pump 54 and sampler 55; The feeding device 6 that is formed by distance type suspender 61, drum type electric guide rail 62, hydraulic lifting rotation platform 63 and metal material storage tube 7.
when shielding cavity 1 in place, charging rapid pipe connecting 12 reliably docks with the liquid radioactive waste storage tank, after automatically controlled fishplate bar 13 and tail gas discharge conection 14 and raffinate discharge conection 14 connected with the foreign aid system, computer control board plug type automatically-controlled door 15 is automatically opened and is received empty metal material storage tube 7, material storage tube 7 is received and is placed on drum type electric guide rail 62 from travelling bogie by distance type suspender 61, at travel switch, be located in hydraulic lifting rotation platform 63 under the observing and controlling of grating sensor and computing machine, after the trash receptacle 7 of all configurations is all on board, hydraulic lifting rotation platform 63 receiving computer instruction automatic-ascendings are with after setting-out vaporising device 32 docks.volume pump 21 gives macroscopical dehydration plant 31 reinforced under the control of TT﹠C system automatically, reinforced material level also is subjected to the control of apparatus for measuring charge level except the time is controlled, waste material after macroscopic view dehydration adds vaporising device 32 automatically and the measurement result that provides according to device for measuring temperature of materials is carried out feed-in by computer control and dispatched to the radioactive waste in trash receptacle 7 and heat, in radioactive waste, moisture sharply evaporates gas by vacuum system 42, 47 extract out, gas in extraction at first via core level high efficiency particulate air filter 41, condenser 43, high efficiency particulate air filter 44, condenser 45, active carbon filter 46 effectively filters out the radioactive isotope gasoloid, thereby reach the harmless treatment of tail gas.
The liquid that condenser 43,45 condensed fluids that produce and macroscopical dehydration plant 31 produce is collected by gatherer 51, processes by carrying out monitoring analysis by sampling analysis device 53 through filtrator 52.Raffinate is processed two kinds of approach, and the first directly enters the reuse of nuclear power water treatment system, and a kind of is to be entered from the water treatment system of establishing by water pump 54 foldbacks to process when water sample does not reach the GB emission standard again, and water sample is up to standard can directly be discharged.After all metal material storage tubes 7 that dock with setting-out vaporising device 32 are full by the refuse after subtracting appearance, computing machine sends instruction, hydraulic lifting rotation platform 63 descends, multi-step rotation will be filled waste material metal material storage tube 7 and send and return drum type electric guide rail 62 and automatically complete and add a cover encapsulation, then transports out of the disposal field and enters temporary library and deposit by being completed by distance type suspender 61 to weigh and flow to transfer car(buggy).

Claims (9)

1. liquid radioactive waste treating device is characterized in that: the tail gas of the capacity-reduction device, radioactive waste that described liquid radioactive waste treating device comprises the feed arrangement supplied with for the liquid towards radioactive waste, radioactive waste institute's tail gas that forms and raffinate after capacity-reduction device is processed and residual liquid processing apparatus, to the feeding device of radioactive waste formed handled thing after the capacity-reduction device processing; Described feed arrangement, tail gas and residual liquid processing apparatus and feeding device are connected with capacity-reduction device by pipeline respectively; Described feed arrangement, tail gas and residual liquid processing apparatus, feeding device and capacity-reduction device integral body are in vacuum environment; Described capacity-reduction device comprises that the macroscopic view dehydration of carrying out volume reduction treatment for the liquid towards radioactive waste subtracts and holds unit and heat drying and subtract the appearance unit, and the heat drying that is used for destroying the institutional framework of radioactive waste subtracts and holds unit and macroscopic view dehydration and subtract and hold the unit with the pipeline formation closed system that is connected.
2. liquid radioactive waste treating device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described macroscopic view dehydration subtracts that to hold the unit be hydro-extractor, filtering membrane or filter screen.
3. liquid radioactive waste treating device according to claim 2 is characterized in that: described macroscopic view dehydration subtracts that to hold the unit be hydro-extractor, and described hydro-extractor is the hollow funnel-form; Described hydro-extractor comprises import, outlet and centrifugate drain hole; Described liquid radioactive waste is undertaken centrifugal by the import that volume pump enters hydro-extractor; Being discharged to heat drying from outlet after described liquid radioactive waste is centrifugal through hydro-extractor subtracts and holds the unit and finally subtract appearance; Described liquid radioactive waste is discharged from the centrifugate drain hole through the centrifugate that produces after centrifugal.
4. liquid radioactive waste treating device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described heat drying subtracts and holds the unit and comprise be used to the trash receptacle that holds solid waste, the annulus that is used for sealing trash receptacle port and the first heater that is arranged at the trash receptacle upper end; Described first heater is electric heater unit, hot-water heating system, microwave heating equipment, infrared heating device or oil heating unit.
5. liquid radioactive waste treating device according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: described first heater is microwave heating equipment.
6. according to claim 1 and 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 described liquid radioactive waste treating devices, it is characterized in that: described tail gas and residual liquid processing apparatus comprise exhaust gas processing device, cooling part flow arrangement and residual liquid processing apparatus; Described exhaust gas processing device is connected with cooling part flow arrangement by pipeline respectively with residual liquid processing apparatus; Described cooling part flow arrangement comprises the first quenching condenser and coupled gatherer; Described the first quenching condenser and exhaust gas processing device connect; Described exhaust gas processing device comprises core level high efficiency particulate air filter and active carbon filter; Described the first quenching condenser connects by core level high efficiency particulate air filter and active carbon filter; Described radioactive waste subtracts tail gas after appearance and discharges after by active carbon filter; Described residual liquid processing apparatus comprises resin filter, sampling analysis device and selector valve; Described gatherer is connected with the sampling analysis device by resin filter; Described sampling analysis device is connected with selector valve.
7. liquid radioactive waste treating device according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: described exhaust gas processing device also comprises the second quenching condenser, described core level high efficiency particulate air filter connects by the second quenching condenser and active carbon filter; Described the second quenching condenser is connected with gatherer; Described resin filter is the amberlite grease filter.
8. liquid radioactive waste treating device according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: described feed arrangement comprises liquid radioactive waste storage tank and the volume pump that is connected with its pipeline.
9. radioactive waste treatment facility according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described feeding device comprise to the radioactive waste bucket transport transport guide rail, limit control, be used for promoting or reducing the radioactive waste bucket hoistable platform, be used for the radioactive waste bucket is carried out the distance type suspender of weight measurement and the automatic capping device that the radioactive waste bucket is carried out capping; The parallel top that transports guide rail that is arranged at of described automatic capping device; Described hoistable platform butts up against and transports guide rail; Described limit control comprises travel switch and grating sensor; Be provided with grating sensor on described hoistable platform; Described hoistable platform butts up against by travel switch and transports guide rail; Described automatic capping device is stopper removing machine tool hand and capping mechanical arm; The described guide rail that transports is drum-type guide rail, belt guide rail or bearing guide; Described hoistable platform is the hydraulic lifting rotation platform.
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US9896351B2 (en) * 2013-03-15 2018-02-20 Avantech, Inc. Method for removal of radionuclides in liquids
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