CN114440571A - Industrial drying method and device for radioactive slurry - Google Patents
Industrial drying method and device for radioactive slurry Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN114440571A CN114440571A CN202210132162.5A CN202210132162A CN114440571A CN 114440571 A CN114440571 A CN 114440571A CN 202210132162 A CN202210132162 A CN 202210132162A CN 114440571 A CN114440571 A CN 114440571A
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- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002354 radioactive wastewater Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011038 discontinuous diafiltration by volume reduction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000017667 Chronic Disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010420 art technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002036 drum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005025 nuclear technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011369 optimal treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000941 radioactive substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002901 radioactive waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007619 statistical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B9/00—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects at rest or with only local agitation; Domestic airing cupboards
- F26B9/06—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects at rest or with only local agitation; Domestic airing cupboards in stationary drums or chambers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B23/00—Heating arrangements
- F26B23/04—Heating arrangements using electric heating
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
- F26B25/005—Treatment of dryer exhaust gases
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
- F26B25/06—Chambers, containers, or receptacles
- F26B25/14—Chambers, containers, receptacles of simple construction
- F26B25/18—Chambers, containers, receptacles of simple construction mainly open, e.g. dish, tray, pan, rack
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B2200/00—Drying processes and machines for solid materials characterised by the specific requirements of the drying good
- F26B2200/18—Sludges, e.g. sewage, waste, industrial processes, cooling towers
Abstract
The invention discloses an industrialized drying method and device for radioactive slurry, which comprises a drying cylinder body, a slurry tank, a spiral conveyor, an auxiliary heating device, a microwave heating device, an energy recovery device, a condenser, a filter and a purified water treatment device, and is characterized in that a hemispherical sealing cover is arranged at the top of the drying cylinder body, the auxiliary heating device is also arranged at the bottom of the drying cylinder body, and the rapid drying of the slurry is realized by utilizing the characteristics of certain penetrability, selectivity to water molecules and high acting speed of microwaves. Meanwhile, through the intervention of an external heat source, a specific temperature gradient is formed in the barrel, so that the moisture is more easily expanded to the surface, and the drying efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of radioactive slurry solidification treatment, and particularly relates to a radioactive slurry industrial drying method and device.
Background
In the nuclear technology utilization and nuclear facility decommissioning processes, radioactive wastewater with different source items is generated due to various reasons, and in the radioactive wastewater treatment process, the radioactive wastewater treatment process is directly or indirectly associated with high-salinity wastewater (with the salinity of more than 10g/L), radioactive slurry and the like and becomes a problem to be solved. The slurry and the high-salinity wastewater cannot be treated by the conventional methods, such as an evaporation method, a membrane treatment method, an ion exchange method and the like, and various organizations and organizations at home and abroad try to use the conventional methods, so that no method which can be industrially applied exists so far. This has become a "difficult point" and "chronic disease" in the radioactive three wastes treatment process, and has become the biggest limiting factor in radioactive mud treatment.
While at the level of the national regulatory standards, the accepted and encouraged method of treating these slurries is the cement setting method, the inventors have found in practice that these prior art techniques have at least the following technical problems:
1) the capacity-increasing ratio of the method is 2-3 times, which does not accord with the principle of minimizing radioactive wastes and national nuclear safety;
2) the disposal cost is increased, and more storage/disposal space is occupied;
3) the formulation is difficult to configure due to different source items, and because the components in the slurry are complex, the materials are different, the configuration methods are different, a large amount of tests and experience accumulation are needed, so that a great deal of uncertainty and difficulty are brought to industrial operation, and the reproducibility of the quality of the cured body is poor;
4) the cost is high, and besides the high pouring cost, the maintenance and the long-term operation monitoring of the solidified body need continuous and stable investment;
5) at present, no complete environmental monitoring statistical analysis data exist in China, and the influence degree of a solidified body on the local environment (soil, water body and biosphere) cannot be objectively and comprehensively evaluated.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of difficult classification of radioactive solid-liquid mixtures, high cost and low radioactive slurry solidification efficiency in the prior art, the invention provides a radioactive slurry industrial drying method and a device, and the purpose is as follows: the microwave heating and the auxiliary heating device synchronously operate to quickly dry and solidify the slurry; and the optimal treatment of the low-radioactivity slurry is realized on the principle of minimizing waste and considering efficiency.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the method and the device for industrially drying the radioactive slurry are provided, wherein the method for industrially drying the radioactive slurry comprises the following specific steps:
s1, transferring the slurry/radioactive high-salinity wastewater to be treated to a slurry tank;
s2, conveying the radioactive slurry/radioactive high-salinity wastewater to be treated to a radioactive stainless steel barrel until the radioactive slurry in the radioactive stainless steel barrel reaches a set volume, and stopping conveying;
s3, synchronously starting the auxiliary heating device, the microwave heating device and the energy recovery device;
s4, detecting the change conditions of the temperature and the water content, and closing the auxiliary heating device and the microwave heating device after the change conditions of the temperature and the water content reach set limit values;
s5, naturally cooling the radioactive slurry/radioactive high-salinity wastewater to be treated, and finishing barrel withdrawing.
The further preferable technical scheme is as follows: the temperature limit is xx, and the water content limit is xx.
The utility model provides a radioactive slurry industrialization drying device, includes drying cylinder body, mud groove, auger delivery ware, auxiliary heating device, microwave heating device, energy recuperation device, condenser, filter and purification water treatment facilities, drying cylinder body top is provided with the sealed lid of hemisphere, sealed side be provided with the feed inlet that auger delivery ware is connected, with the discharge gate that the condenser is connected, auger delivery ware with the mud groove is connected, sealed top of the covering is provided with microwave heating device, microwave heating device's microwave source and drying cylinder bottom mutually perpendicular, drying cylinder body bottom is provided with auxiliary heating device, the condenser respectively with the filter with purification water treatment facilities connects, energy recuperation the body lateral wall of drying cylinder parcel sets up.
The further preferable technical scheme is as follows: the drying cylinder body is internally provided with a humidity and temperature detection device, and the humidity and temperature detection device is electrically connected with the microwave heating device.
The further preferable technical scheme is as follows: the microwave heating device is provided with an automatic controller.
The further preferable technical scheme is as follows: the microwave source of the microwave heating device is 915 HZ.
The further preferable technical scheme is as follows: the auxiliary heating device is an electric heating plate.
The further preferable technical scheme is as follows: the drying cylinder body is a 400L radioactive stainless steel cylinder.
The further preferable technical scheme is as follows: the energy recovery device includes one of a fluid thermal energy recovery system or a solids recovery system.
The further preferable technical scheme is as follows: and a temperature controller is arranged on the side wall of the energy recovery device.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages/beneficial effects:
1. the rapid drying of the slurry is realized by utilizing the characteristics of certain penetrability of the microwave, selectivity to water molecules and high action speed.
In order to exert the advantages of microwaves as much as possible and overcome the characteristic of insufficient penetrability, a supplementary heat source is added at a specific position of a waste bucket on the basis of a large number of experiments, and the method is equivalent to the starting assistance of a hybrid vehicle. Meanwhile, through the intervention of an external heat source, a specific temperature gradient is formed in the barrel, so that the moisture is more easily expanded to the surface, and the drying efficiency is improved.
2. The technology is provided with an energy recovery device, recovers heat generated in the microwave operation process, and recovers redundant energy of an auxiliary heat source for process circulation.
3. The volume reduction ratio with the in-drum drying technique is an order of magnitude higher, and therefore the disposal cost is also an order of magnitude lower. Assuming that the disposal cost of one trash can (200L) is estimated in terms of 10000 dollars, the disposal cost is about 100 ten thousand for a nuclear facility with an annual disposal capacity of 10000m3, and the disposal cost for drying in the can is about 10 ten thousand, which is a cost saving of nearly 90%. Moreover, the larger the treatment amount is, the more obvious the economic benefit is.
4. The method adopts automatic control and automatic operation technology, and effectively avoids the dissipation of radioactive aerosol and the influence on human bodies and the environment.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
Fig. 1 is a partial structure schematic diagram of an industrial drying device for radioactive mud of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of an industrial drying method for radioactive mud according to the present invention.
In fig. 1, the labels are: the method comprises the following steps of 1-a screw conveyor, 2-a drying cylinder body, 3-a microwave heating device, 4-an auxiliary heating device, 5-a humidity and temperature detection device, 6-an energy recovery device, 7-a temperature controller, 8-a hemispherical sealing cover and 9-an automatic controller.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention. Thus, the detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided below is not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it may not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, an industrial drying device for radioactive slurry comprises a drying cylinder body 2, a slurry tank, a screw conveyor 1, an auxiliary heating device 4, a microwave heating device 3, an energy recovery device 6, a condenser, a filter and a purified water treatment device, wherein a hemispherical sealing cover 8 is arranged at the top of the drying cylinder body 2, a feeding hole connected with the screw conveyor 1 and a discharging hole connected with the condenser are formed in the side surface of the sealing cover, the screw conveyor 1 is connected with the slurry tank, the microwave heating device 3 is arranged at the top of the sealing cover, a microwave source of the microwave heating device 3 is perpendicular to the bottom surface of the drying cylinder, the auxiliary heating device 4 is arranged at the bottom of the drying cylinder body 2, and the condenser is respectively connected with the filter and the purified water treatment device.
The inside humidity, temperature-detecting device 5 that still is provided with of drying cylinder body 2, humidity, temperature-detecting device 5 with microwave heating device 3 electrical property links to each other, and microwave heating device 3 is provided with automatic control 9, and microwave heating device 3's microwave source is 915HZ, and auxiliary heating device 4 is the electric heating board.
Preferably, the drying cylinder body 2 is a 400L radioactive stainless steel barrel, the energy recovery device 6 comprises one of a fluid heat energy recovery system or a solid recovery system, and a temperature controller 7 is arranged on the side wall of the energy recovery device 6.
With reference to the flow chart shown in fig. 2, the curing process of the present invention is as follows: the mud with radioactive substance is stored in the mud groove, wait for the mud in the drying cylinder body 2 to finish moving back the bucket after, carry to 400L radioactivity stainless steel bucket in through auger delivery 1, until reaching and setting for after the volume, stop the feed, through humidity, after temperature-detecting device 512 detects that the interior humidity of bucket rises, humidity, temperature-detecting device 5 passes through automatic control 9, control microwave heating device 3 and auxiliary heating device 4 and begin work, observe the numerical value of temperature controller 7 simultaneously, ensure that fluid energy recovery device 6 normally operates, confirm the interior humidity of a section of thick bamboo, confirm that the drying stage is accomplished, can accomplish afterwards and move back the bucket.
Steam of getting rid of through microwave heating device 3 and auxiliary heating device 4 can send into the condenser through the discharge gate in, finally becomes liquid and gas, and gas can send into the filter, discharges after reaching the exhaust emission standard through the filter processing, and liquid can send into among the water purification unit, purifies the emission after up to standard.
In the invention, the microwave source is vertical to the drying cylinder body 2, the microwave reflection effect is realized through the hemispherical sealing cover 10, the microwave energy after reflection can heat the cement in the cylinder more effectively, and in practical use, the volume reduction ratio of the drying technology in the cylinder is higher by one order of magnitude, so the disposal cost is also reduced by one order of magnitude. Assuming that the disposal cost of one trash can (200L) is estimated in terms of 10000 dollars, the disposal cost is about 100 ten thousand for a nuclear facility with an annual disposal capacity of 10000m3, and the disposal cost for drying in the can is about 10 ten thousand, which is a cost saving of nearly 90%. Moreover, the larger the treatment amount is, the more obvious the economic benefit is.
Only microwave heating is adopted, but also the problem of insufficient penetrability exists, in order to make up for the problem, the auxiliary heating device 4 is additionally arranged at the bottom of the drying cylinder body 2, the effect of synergistic effect is generated with a reflected microwave source, a specific temperature gradient can be formed in the barrel through the auxiliary heating device 4, the moisture is easier to expand to the surface, and the drying efficiency is effectively improved.
Only adopts microwave heating, still has the not enough problem of penetrability, in order to remedy this problem, the invention has installed auxiliary heating device 4 in the drying cylinder body 3 bottom, has produced the effect of synergism with microwave source 11 through the reflection to through auxiliary heating device 4, can form specific temperature gradient in the bucket, make moisture expand to the surface more easily, effectual promotion drying efficiency.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", and the like, indicate orientations and positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the equipment or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be considered as limiting the present invention.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, "above" or "below" a first feature means that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact with each other via another feature therebetween. Also, the first feature being "on," "above" and "over" the second feature includes the first feature being directly on and obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicating that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. The first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" the second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or merely indicates that the first feature is at a lower level than the second feature.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that the above preferred embodiment should not be considered as limiting the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the scope defined by the claims. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and these modifications and adaptations should be considered within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. An industrialized drying device for radioactive slurry, which comprises a drying cylinder body, a slurry tank, a screw conveyor, an auxiliary heating device, a microwave heating device, an energy recovery device, a condenser, a filter and a purified water treatment device, it is characterized in that the screw conveyor is connected with the mud groove, the top of the drying cylinder body is provided with a hemispherical sealing cover, the side surface of the hemispherical sealing cover is provided with a feed inlet connected with the screw conveyer and a discharge outlet connected with the condenser, the condenser is respectively connected with the filter and the purified water treatment device, the top of the hemispherical sealing cover is provided with a microwave heating device, the microwave source of the microwave heating device is perpendicular to the bottom surface of the drying cylinder, the bottom of the drying cylinder body is provided with the auxiliary heating device, and the energy recovery device is wrapped on the side wall of the drying cylinder body.
2. The radioactive mud industrial drying device according to claim 1, wherein a humidity and temperature detecting device is further arranged inside the drying cylinder body, and the humidity and temperature detecting device is electrically connected with the microwave heating device.
3. The radioactive mud industrial drying device of claim 2, wherein the microwave heating device is provided with an automatic controller.
4. The radioactive mud industrial drying device of claim 2, wherein the microwave source of the microwave heating device is 915 HZ.
5. The radioactive mud industrial drying device of claim 2, wherein the auxiliary heating device is an electric heating plate.
6. The radioactive mud industrial drying device according to claim 2, wherein the drying cylinder body is a 400L radioactive stainless steel barrel.
7. The method and apparatus of claim 1, wherein the energy recovery device is one of a fluid heat recovery system or a solid recovery system.
8. The radioactive mud industrial drying device of claim 1, wherein the side wall of the energy recovery device is provided with a temperature controller.
9. The industrial drying method of the radioactive slurry is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
s1, transferring the slurry/radioactive high-salinity wastewater to be treated to a slurry tank;
s2, conveying the radioactive slurry/radioactive high-salinity wastewater to be treated to a radioactive stainless steel barrel until the radioactive slurry in the radioactive stainless steel barrel reaches a set volume, and stopping conveying;
s3, synchronously starting the auxiliary heating device, the microwave heating device and the energy recovery device;
s4, detecting the change conditions of the temperature and the water content, and closing the auxiliary heating device and the microwave heating device after the change conditions of the temperature and the water content reach set limit values;
s5, naturally cooling the radioactive slurry/radioactive high-salinity wastewater to be treated, and finishing bucket withdrawal;
and S6, respectively sending the water and the gas generated by heating into a filter and a purified water treatment device, and discharging after the water and the gas reach the standard.
10. The method as claimed in claim 9, wherein the step S4 is performed by detecting a change in humidity, turning off the microwave source when the humidity is less than 10%, turning on the electric heater continuously, turning on the microwave source again after 2 hours, and repeating the step S5 until the humidity is still less than 10% and the water content is less than 1% after 2 hours.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210132162.5A CN114440571A (en) | 2022-02-14 | 2022-02-14 | Industrial drying method and device for radioactive slurry |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210132162.5A CN114440571A (en) | 2022-02-14 | 2022-02-14 | Industrial drying method and device for radioactive slurry |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN114440571A true CN114440571A (en) | 2022-05-06 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210132162.5A Pending CN114440571A (en) | 2022-02-14 | 2022-02-14 | Industrial drying method and device for radioactive slurry |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
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2022
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