CN102187238B - 确定输电网端点相位连接 - Google Patents

确定输电网端点相位连接 Download PDF

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CN102187238B
CN102187238B CN2009801410621A CN200980141062A CN102187238B CN 102187238 B CN102187238 B CN 102187238B CN 2009801410621 A CN2009801410621 A CN 2009801410621A CN 200980141062 A CN200980141062 A CN 200980141062A CN 102187238 B CN102187238 B CN 102187238B
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phase
endpoint device
power breakdown
zero crossing
power
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CN102187238A (zh
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R·瓦斯瓦尼
J·范·格里尤内
A·高斯特尔
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Aitong Network Solutions Co
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Silver Spring Networks Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00006—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
    • H02J13/00007—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using the power network as support for the transmission
    • H02J13/00009—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using the power network as support for the transmission using pulsed signals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R29/00—Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
    • G01R29/18—Indicating phase sequence; Indicating synchronism
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00006—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
    • H02J13/00007—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using the power network as support for the transmission
    • H02J13/0001—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using the power network as support for the transmission using modification of a parameter of the network power signal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00032—Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for
    • H02J13/00034—Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for the elements or equipment being or involving an electric power substation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/002—Flicker reduction, e.g. compensation of flicker introduced by non-linear load
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/50—Systems or methods supporting the power network operation or management, involving a certain degree of interaction with the load-side end user applications
    • Y04S10/52—Outage or fault management, e.g. fault detection or location
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S40/00—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them
    • Y04S40/12—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment
    • Y04S40/121—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment using the power network as support for the transmission

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Remote Monitoring And Control Of Power-Distribution Networks (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及确定输电网端点相位连接。通过各种技术确定位于电力分配系统内的客户端点设备的电连接的服务相位。在馈电线级处，该系统可被编程为引起瞬时的电力中断，以在客户端点设备处导致丢失的过零点。这些中断的模式是受控模式，该模式被特别设计以避免导致明显的中断，即使对敏感设备也是如此，但又是在统计上不可能自然发生的足够不频繁。过零点信息的监测可用来确定到该客户端点设备的服务线路的相位。

Description

确定输电网端点相位连接
技术领域
示例性实施例一般涉及对到位于电力分配系统内的客户端点的电连接的服务相位(service phase)的确定。
背景技术
电力是在发电站产生，并且经由高压线路传输网络传送。这些线路可具有数百英里的长度，并且将电力递送至被称为“输送网(Grid)”的公共电力池。输送网经由通常为33kV(或有时为66kV)线路的子传输网络而连接至负载中心(例如，城市)。
图1是图示传统的电力传输及分配系统的图。该图是各种已知输送网拓朴之一的示例，并且是出于图示的目的而提供的。参照图1，高压线路终止于33kV(或66kV)分站内，在分站处电压被逐步降低至约11kV，以便以11kV或更低通过分配线路网络将电力分配至负载点。该电力网络是位于分站下游的11kV线路或馈电线的分配网络。从该33kV分站发出的每个11kV馈电线会进一步分支成多个辅助11kV馈电线，以将电力传送到负载点(地域、工业区、村落等等)近处。在这些负载点处，变压器进一步将电压自11kV降低至415V，以便以240V(如单相电源)或者以415V(如三相电源)通过415V馈电线向各个客户提供最后一英里连接。馈电线可为架空线路或地下电缆。
在馈电线级处，输电网是多相的(即，具有用于不同相位的多条线路)。在采用单相的客户端点(例如，住宅)处，一条物理线路连接到位于该客户端点处的计量表。然而，当该客户端点被物理连接时，此刻可能不必知道在该馈电线级的哪一个相位对应于该客户端点处该计量表所连接到的线路。这可能是因为电力公司从未具有该信息，或者由于物理输送网拓朴通常会随着时间而被改变，从而可能不能将其保持为最新。此外，如果出现停电情况，或者如果将电力关闭以便安装新的变压器，则无法保证在该客户端点设备处的计量表将位于与以前相同的相位上。
电力公司可以通过将在馈电线级处的使用量与该客户侧上的累积使用量进行比较以计算损失及偷窃。但是如果不知道真实的输送网拓朴，则该信息可能会比准确信息低至少三倍。随着馈电线所服务的客户密度提高，这种不准确性可能提高，并因此可能导致电力公司的电力与收益损失的增加。
发明内容
示例性实施例一般涉及确定到位于电力分配系统内的客户端点的电连接的服务相位的方法。
在此公开的实施例假设存在并使用ad-hoc无线网络，该网络包括在计量表位置、分站以及输电网基础架构的其它构件处的并且通过中继器及接入点(AP)连接至电力公司服务器的网络节点。节点可经由网络的无线链接彼此之间和与其它网络构件交换消息。在一些其它实施例中，可通过非联网的直接通信链接来在节点间交换消息。
根据示例性实施例，一种确定电力分配系统内的客户端点设备的服务相位的方法可包括将请求分站在到该分站的馈电线线路的多个相位之一上创建临时电力中断的消息发送至该分站。从多个客户端点设备中的至少一个接收指示相应客户端点设备是否检测到该电力中断的报告。将报告检测到该电力中断的客户端点设备映射至在其上创建该电力中断的相应相位。
根据另一示例性实施例，一种确定电力分配系统内的客户端点设备的服务相位的方法可包括识别与单一AP直接通信的多个客户端点设备，并且将多个客户端点设备临时与该AP同步。在每个客户端点设备处在预定时间段内对交流电(AC)中的最后过零点进行检测。基于所检测到的最后过零点的时间戳来测量多个客户端点设备的相对相位差。基于所测量到的相对相位差来确定每个客户端点设备的服务相位。
根据另一示例性实施例，一种确定电力分配系统内的客户端点设备的服务相位的方法可包括从主机向客户端点设备发送请求在该客户端点设备处检测到的过零点delta数据的请求。在该主机处，从该客户端点设备接收响应消息。该响应消息包括在该客户端点设备处检测到的过零点delta数据，而该数据指示在该客户端点设备处检测到最后过零点时的时间与在由该客户端点设备创建该响应消息时的时间之间的差值。
该方法进一步包括计算在该主机处检测到的过零点delta数据，该数据指示在该主机处检测到最后过零点时的时间与在由该主机接收到该响应消息时的时间之间的差值。基于在该客户端点设备处检测到的过零点delta数据、计算出的在该主机处检测到的过零点delta数据、消息延迟时间和电连接至该客户端点设备的馈电线线路的频率周期，计算相对于该客户端点设备的相位位移。基于所计算出的相位位移来确定该客户端点设备的服务相位。
根据另一示例性实施例，一种确定电力分配系统内的客户端点设备的服务相位的方法可包括从第一客户端点设备向邻近端点设备发送请求在该邻近端点设备处检测到的过零点delta数据的请求。在该第一客户端点设备处，自该邻近设备接收响应消息，该响应消息包括在该邻近设备处检测到的过零点delta数据。在该邻近设备处检测到的过零点delta数据指示在该邻近设备处检测到最后过零点时的时间与在该邻近设备创建该响应消息时的时间之间的差值。
附图说明
根据以下详细描述结合附图可以清楚地理解示例性实施例。图1-8表示在此所述的非限制性的示例性实施例。
图1是图示传统的电力传输及分配系统的图。
图2是其中可以实施示例性实施例的电力分配系统的无线通信网络的示意图。
图3是其中可以实施示例性实施例的电力传输及分配网络的示意图。
图4是状态图，其图示了根据一示例性实施例的客户端点设备如何检测瞬时故障。
图5是图示根据一示例性实施例的在主机系统与客户端点设备之间的“取得过零点delta”消息交换的图。
图6是图示根据一示例性实施例的由该主机系统所进行的相位检测的示例的图。
图7是图示根据一示例性实施例的在客户端点设备与直接邻局之间的“取得过零点delta”消息交换的图。
图8是图示根据一示例性实施例的由该直接邻局所进行的相位检测的示例的图。
具体实施方式
为简单和说明的目的，主要参照本发明的示例性实施例而说明了本发明的原理。
图2是其中可以实施示例性实施例的电力分配系统的无线通信网络的示意图。通信网络可包括电力公司后端办公室服务器10、网关接入点(AP)20以及多个客户端点设备30。后端办公室服务器10控制该电力公司与客户端点设备30之间的通信，并且从客户端点设备30接收信息(例如，使用状况数据、电力损失报告及其它类似信息)。AP 20经由WAN(广域网)、因特网、蜂窝网络或任何其它网络(有线的、无线的、光的网络等等)而连接至该电力公司，并用作为到客户端点设备30的直接通信点。端点设备30可通过有线、无线或光的LAN(局域网)连接至该AP 20。端点设备30可利用网格网络拓朴以彼此连接或连接至该AP。在一些实施例中也可使用其它联网拓朴。
在通信网络中可有一个以上的AP连接至该电力公司。一些客户端点设备30能与特定AP 20直接通信，而其它客户端点设备30可能由于例如距离而无法与该特定AP 20直接通信。离特定AP 20太远的那些客户端点设备30可利用“跳跃”概念经由较靠近该特定AP 20的邻近端点设备30与该特定AP 20进行通信。逐个节点地“跳跃”直到到达目的地为止可提供客户端点设备30与AP 20中的一个或多个AP之间的连续连接和通信。同样地，AP 20可通过位于较靠近该AP 20的邻近客户端点设备30以与位于远程处的客户端点设备30通信。在一些其它实施例中，无法连接至一个AP 20的设备30可连接至另一个AP 20以到达该电力公司服务器。
客户端点设备30(即，具有网络适配卡(NIC)的计电表35)能够检测、记录及报告瞬时电压中断。这可由NIC或计量表35来完成。
瞬时电压中断是仅丢失数个电力周期的电力线路事件。因此，可仅最低限度地影响到电力品质，并且不会强制重新启动计量表35或NIC。客户端点设备能够检测、记录及报告在交流电(AC)里的所丢失的过零点。
在交流电(AC)里的“过零点”是该处没有电压的瞬时点。换言之，AC线路极性发生改变。电路及处理器可检测何时该AC电力线路电压将其极性从负改变为正和/或从正改变为负。示例电路可包括衰减器和放大器，其后跟随有比较器。该电路的输出通常连接至该处理器的中断管脚，每次该AC电压改变其极性，该处理器就被中断。该检测器可用以确定AC电压频率。电力线路频率具有相当高的稳定度。在某一时间间隔内丢失一个或多个过零点意味着该AC频率可能有所改变，但是更有可能的是电力已经被中断。
参照图3，对过零点信息的监测可用于确定到客户端点设备30的服务线路的相位。在该分站40(即，馈电线级)处，该系统可被编程为引起瞬时电力中断，从而在客户端点设备30处造成过零点丢失。这些中断的模式是受控模式，该模式被特别设计以避免导致明显的中断，即使对敏感设备也是如此，但又是在统计上不可能自然发生的足够不频繁。该电力中断并不限于在该分站40处或位于该分站40下游的位置处引起。本领域普通技术人员将能了解也可在该分站40上游的位置处引起电力中断。
在获得该馈电线50的适当的中断模式之前，可对在给定馈电线线路50上自然发生的“闪烁”进行监测。可利用该电力公司后端办公室服务器10来分析在输电网里的分配馈电线50上的电力中断，以获得适用于任一馈电线50或所有馈电线50的自然模式的模型。接着，该后端办公室服务器10可被编程为针对感兴趣的馈电线50创建中断模式。该馈电线50的中断模式可被直接插入至该馈电线50，或被插入至任何上游或下游的等同线路。指定插入点应符合中断模式到达端点设备30而没有显著改变的要求。换言之，在该插入点处和在端点设备30处插入中断的数量与长度应为相同的。
由于存在源自于馈电线50的多个相位，因此可在该馈电线50的每个相位上顺序地引起中断。例如，可在第一天在相位1上引起模拟的闪烁，而在第二天在相位2上引起模拟的闪烁等等。可通过将必要的测试模式提供给电力公司人员而以人工方式，或者通过“反馈(tickling)”DA/SCADA(分配自动化/监督控制及数据获取)系统而以较为自动化的方式，实施这个测试。如果网络具有连接至馈电线控制的电子桥接器，其允许在该网络上进行该测试，则可由该电力公司后端办公室服务器10控制该自动化测试，或者通过将适当地格式化后的消息馈送至测试系统，该测试系统可在特别设计为引起测试模式的任一输送网构件(例如：分站、高压变压器、分配变压器等等)处连接至该输电网，控制该自动化测试。
在测试时间段期间，位于该特定馈电线50上的客户端点设备30被编程为记录闪烁，并且将该信息报告至该后端办公室服务器10。该后端办公室服务器10具有关于何种闪烁模式被测试以及在哪一相位上的信息。基于接收自客户端点设备30的报告，该后端办公室服务器10将能够将通知并报告在第一天有特定闪烁模式的设备30链接至特定相位(例如，相位1)。针对在每个测试日所接收到的报告重复进行该处理，直到已对该馈电线50上的所有设备30进行了相位映射为止。如果来自某些设备30的报告数据中有不规则性或错误，这些报告数据将这些设备链接到一个以上相位或根本不链接到任何特定相位，则可重复进行该测试直到去除不确定性为止。重复测试也可用以确认原始发现。可按需要的频繁程度在每个馈电线50上重复进行测试，以获得完整的相位映射。
可顺序地或并行地在所有馈电线50上进行该测试，并且可对覆盖所有安装的客户端点设备30的整个网络周期性地重复进行该测试。根据这些测试，可为该网络内的整个输送网开发出完全的相位连接模型。
图4是状态图，其图示了根据一示例性实施例的客户端点设备如何检测瞬时故障。在该电力中断检测过程100中，首先设备将在正常电力状态101下运行。当该后端办公室服务器启动该电力中断处理时，该客户端点设备测量在该中断“瞬时”时间段内的过零点。“瞬时”是指持续时间比最大时间段momentary_length_max(例如，100ms)短但比最小时间段momentary_length_min(例如，30ms)长的单个电力中断。该瞬时最小持续时间(momentary_length_min)是要被记录的电力中断的最小经历时间。当位于该客户端点设备处的计量表检测到比该momentary_length_min长的单个电力中断时，该设备就在电力瞬时状态102下运行。在此状态期间，该设备测量过零点数据，例如，记下在处于此状态下的时间期间每一检测到的过零点之间的间隔，并且将测量到的数据报告至该后端办公室服务器10。
瞬时最大持续时间(momentary_length_max)是要记录的电力中断的最大经历时间。当位于该客户端点设备处的计量表检测到比该momentary_length_max长的单个电力中断时，该设备会将其识别为电力丢失状态103。而断电超过该momentary_length_max时间段会使NIC关闭，并且位于该客户端点设备处的计量表一旦重新获得电力就会尝试重新启动。
表1列出了该瞬时最小持续时间及该瞬时最大持续时间的示例性时间段。这些时间段被确定为使得瞬时电力中断足够长以使设备进入该电力瞬时状态，但是又不会长到使该设备将该中断视为电力丢失并从而做出反应。
  可配置变量   最小值   最大值   默认值
  瞬时最小持续时间   30ms   100ms   30ms
  瞬时最大持续时间   100ms   150ms   100ms
表1
根据另一示例性实施例，一种确定到客户端点设备的电连接的服务相位的方法可依赖于该网格网络中的同步准确度以使得能够计算出该馈电线上的所有计量表的相对相位。
该方法包括识别一组与同一接入点(AP)直接通信的端点设备，并且强制这些端点设备快速地与该AP暂时(例如约10分钟)地同步。接着，可在预定时间段内在每个端点设备处检测最后过零点。将一时间戳关联到在每个端点设备中最后检测到的过零点。端点设备的相对相位差可通过计算在端点设备处所检测到的最后过零点的时间戳之间的差值来确定。
如果所计算的时间戳之间的差值接近于零，则客户端点设备是在相同的服务相位上。如果所计算的时间戳之间的差值对于60Hz线路为接近于5.5ms，或者对于50Hz线路为接近于6.6ms，则客户端点设备之间的相对相位差为120°。如果所计算的时间戳之间的差值对于60Hz线路为接近于11ms，或者对于50Hz线路为接近于13.2ms，则客户端点设备之间的相对相位差为240°。
该处理过程对于不同的计量表组重复进行。如果已经识别并选择了重迭的计量表池，则可以确定整个馈电线上的计量表的相对相位。
为得到客户端点设备的“绝对”相位，在短时间段里必须准确地同步该AP本身。这可在以太网、蜂窝网络上或经由GPS(全球定位系统)来完成。绝对相位也可由次级FSU(现场服务单元)或由与诸如GPS的外部源同步以确定一个计量表上的相位的AP来获得。然后，再基于该一个计量表的相位，计算出其它计量表的相位。
对该网络内的所有计量表重复进行时钟同步处理，以开发出用于整个输送网的完全的相位连接模型。周期性地(例如，按使用者定义的时间间隔)重复进行测量，以更新输送网网络设备的相位映射。
根据另一示例性实施例，可基于相对于主机系统的相位位移来确定该网络内的客户端点设备的服务相位。该主机系统可以为任何能够与端点设备进行通信的设备。在示例性实施例中，该主机系统可以是后端办公室服务器或AP。该客户端点设备和该主机系统两者都能够确定相对于产生要发送至另一设备的消息或接收到来自另一设备的消息的时间而言，任何电压正向/负向零变换的时间差(“delta时间(Δ)”)。
参照图5，该主机系统将“获得过零点delta”请求发送至该客户端点设备的NIC。被询问的NIC获得所请求数据并且发送响应。
参照图6，当该NIC从该主机系统接收到“获得过零点delta”请求时，其计算其目前时间与在该客户端点设备所检测到的最后过零点的时间戳之间的差值。一旦计算出该差值(Δ1)，该NIC将响应消息发送至该主机系统。该响应消息包括用于传送延迟的字段。该路径上的每个转发节点通过将其本身的延迟加到该指定字段(参见图5)内的发送者的延迟数量上来调整此延迟。该发送节点连同响应消息的时间戳(表示何时在该发送节点处创建了该响应消息)而发送该响应消息。在该接收节点处可将总路径延迟计算作为在目前时间(即，在该接收节点处接收到该响应消息时的时间)与该响应消息的时间戳之间的差值。该主机系统将会收到具消息累积延迟(ML)的响应消息。
一旦该主机系统接收到该响应消息，其计算出其目前时间与在该主机系统处所检测到的最后过零点的时间戳之间的差值(Δ2)。然后，可利用下列等式计算相位位移(ΦS)：
ΦS＝(Δ1+ML-Δ2+P)mod P    [等式1]
其中P是线路频率周期(对于60Hz为16.6ms，对于50Hz则为20ms)，并且mod为返回除法运算的余值的运算(例如，25 mod 20＝5)。
如果ΦS接近于零，则该主机系统及该NIC两者都位于相同相位上。如果对于60Hz线路该ΦS接近于5.5ms或对于50Hz线路为接近于6.6ms，则该主机系统及该NIC之间的相位位移为120°。而如果对于60Hz线路该ΦS接近于11ms或对于50Hz线路为接近于13.2ms，则该主机系统及该NIC之间的相位位移为240°。
为获得客户端点设备的“绝对”相位，该主机系统应当知道其本身的相位(例如，该主机系统过零点电路应在已知相位上接收其电力)。
对于该网络内的所有计量表(NIC)重复进行上述处理，并从而建立每个计量表的相位。由于该主机系统的相位为已知的，因此该处理允许映射在网络中的该主机系统能够到达的所有计量表的相位。该处理可产生用于该网络内的输送网的完全的相位连接模型。对于不是该网络的一部分的任何设备，则需要进行人工测试以确定该相位。
可对整个网络周期性地(即，按使用者定义的时间间隔)重复进行该处理，以更新该相位映射信息。
根据另一示例性实施例，可基于相对于其每个直接邻居(即，相邻的客户端点设备)的相位位移，确定位于该网络内的客户端点设备的服务相位。任意两个端点设备都能够获得任何正向/负向零变换的相对于消息的产生/接收时间的时间差值(“delta时间(Δ)”)。
参照图7，端点设备将“获得过零点delta”请求发送至其直接邻居，并且从其邻居接收响应。该“获得过零点delta”请求可为单独的交换或是规律的消息交换的一部分。
参照图8，当该邻近设备接收到该“获得过零点delta”请求时，其计算其目前时间与在该邻近设备处所检测到的最后过零点的时间戳之间的差值(Δ1)。一旦计算出该差值(Δ1)，该邻近设备的NIC将响应消息发送至该起源端点设备。该响应消息可具有用于消息延迟(ML)的字段，该字段可由该设备的网络通信接口的PHY或MAC层设置。可替换地，由于可能能够例如在网络节点间的时钟同步时间期间确定直接邻居之间的消息延迟，所以该消息延迟可被设置成常数值。
一旦起源端点设备接收到响应消息，其计算其目前时间与在该起源端点设备处所检测到的最后过零点的时间戳之间的差值(Δ2)。接着可利用上述的等式1，计算出该相位位移(ΦS)。
在前述示例性实施例中，该网络里的每个设备可维护其每个直接邻居的相对相位位移信息。该信息可具有表格的形式，该表格类似于在相应节点处所维护的列出该相应节点能够与其通信的其它节点的表格，例如节点队列，或者该信息可被维护于该节点队列表格本身中的字段内。可将该信息报告给该后端办公室服务器，以使得能够开发出该输送网内每个端点设备的服务相位的映射。
该“获得过零点delta”交换是在直接邻居之间进行的。何时进行该交换并非关键，但是对于每一节点，在该节点已经通电和/或重新启动之后该交换很有可能发生至少一次。一旦每个节点具有相对相位位移信息，就可能容易地获得该网络里任何两个节点之间的相对相位位移。例如，节点2相对于节点1可具有120°相位位移，而节点3相对于节点2可具有240°相位位移，任意节点N和节点3之间的相位位移可为0°。节点1和3之间的相位位移为360°，这等同于0°，因而节点1、3及N属于相同相位，而节点2相对于这些节点具有120°相位位移。通过知道任一节点的“绝对”相位，可能容易地知道每个节点的“绝对”相位。可选择参考节点，该参考节点可建立其本身的绝对相位。
该示例性实施例提供了一种非侵入性的相位确定方法(例如，没有下跌、无电力中断并且没有电力丢失时间段)。因此，无需对该输送网增加任何特殊设备。此外，可在相当短的时间里以较小的开销(例如，在通电时给每个邻居的一个短消息，或甚至添加到现有通电消息里的数个字节)确定整体输送网的拓朴。此外，该方法不要求将计量表时钟同步到主机时钟。
本领域技术人员将能了解能够以其它特定形式实施本发明，而不背离本发明的精神或其基本特征。因此，目前公开的实施例在所有方面都应被视为示例性的，而非限制性的。

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1.一种确定电力分配系统内的端点设备的服务相位的方法，所述方法包括：
将请求在到客户站点的馈电线线路的多个相位之一上的临时电力中断的消息发送至所述电力分配系统内的点；
从相应客户站点处的多个端点设备中的至少一个接收指示所述端点设备是否检测到所述电力中断的报告；以及
将报告检测到所述电力中断的端点设备映射至在其上创建了所述电力中断的相应相位。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中在所述电力分配系统内所述消息发送到的点为分站。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述多个端点设备被编程为检测、记录和报告电力中断。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述多个端点设备通过监测在预定时间段内交流电力中丢失的过零点来检测所述电力中断。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中在预定时间段内的给定时间处在所述馈电线线路的每个相位上顺序地引起所述电力中断。
6.如权利要求5所述的方法，其中所述端点设备的映射是在后端办公室服务器处基于从所述端点设备接收的报告而执行的，所述后端办公室服务器具有关于在特定相位上所引起的电力中断的信息，并且所述后端办公室服务器将在所述给定时间报告了所述电力中断的端点设备链接至所述特定相位。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中当所述端点设备在比预定最大时间段短并且比预定最小时间段长的时间段中测量到过零点时，检测到单个电力中断。
8.如权利要求7所述的方法，其中所述最大时间段被确定为给其供电的设备避免将所述中断反应为是电力丢失。
9.如权利要求7所述的方法，其中在所述预定最小时间段内电力中断的持续时间使得所述端点设备测量过零点数据，并且发送包括所测量到的数据的报告。
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