CN102183965A - Solar tracking and positioning device and method based on spherical sensor - Google Patents
Solar tracking and positioning device and method based on spherical sensor Download PDFInfo
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- CN102183965A CN102183965A CN2011101345161A CN201110134516A CN102183965A CN 102183965 A CN102183965 A CN 102183965A CN 2011101345161 A CN2011101345161 A CN 2011101345161A CN 201110134516 A CN201110134516 A CN 201110134516A CN 102183965 A CN102183965 A CN 102183965A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a solar tracking and positioning device and method based on a spherical sensor. The solar tracking and positioning device mainly comprises a spherical sensor, a signal scanning and A/D (Analog/Digital) converting circuit, a digital signal processing chip and the like that are sequentially connected, wherein the spherical sensor comprises a plurality of sensitization elements and a sphere, and the sensitization elements are uniformly arranged on the sphere. Based on the spherical sensor, according to the height symmetry of the sphere, the sensor can be used for statically detecting a solar position in real time, therefore, compared with other sensors, the sensor reduces a transmission link and a feedback link, and the solar tracking and positioning device has the advantages of high solar position precision and simple and reliable system and is suitable for a solar condensation power generation system with high tracking precision and stable requirement for equipment performances. The solar tracking and positioning device has a simple structure, thereby having the advantages of high system precision and strong stability and being suitable for solar power generation and condensation systems with high precision and high stability.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the light field of locating technology, relate in particular to a kind of sun tracking positioning device and method based on spherical sensors.
Background technology
Because energy shortage now and energy pollution problem is serious day by day, for finding the requirement considerable and the cleanliness without any pollution energy of a kind of total amount more and more urgent, and sun power more and more obtains people's favor as a kind of green renewable resource.Yet mainly be subjected to the restriction of its low utilization factor now for the utilization of sun power.How to obtain high efficiency helioplant, also become a big research focus that solves energy problem.
From geometric optical theory, the received power of sun power is relevant with the light angle of sunshine with solar panel, and solar energy utilization rate is the highest when the sunshine vertical irradiation is to power generation plate, and utilization factor is directly proportional with departing from this vertical cosine of an angle, promptly
And in the middle of daytime, the incident angle of sunshine is a time to time change, so the tracking technique that improves sun power also becomes a big effective way that improves solar energy utilization ratio.
At present, sunshine orientation tracking control unit is mainly based on automatically controlled, and previous pure mechanically tracking mode is because precision is low, factors such as mechanism is complicated, very flexible have substantially stopped using.Adopt the sunshine orientation tracking control unit of automatically controlled mode, have clock tracing and sensor to follow the tracks of two kinds.Adopt the clock tracing mode mostly to be the linear tracking of pole axis mode, but can have cumulative departure, need manually to revise; When using on other followers, owing to be Nonlinear Tracking, controller mostly is industrial computer, the algorithm complexity, and cost height, portability are not strong.The employing sensor is followed the tracks of, and the sensor that needs mostly of existing research rotates along with the change of sunshine, has added the mechanical controlling unit of a sensor like this, has not only brought bigger error, but also can cause the instability of system.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is at the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of sun tracking positioning device and method based on spherical sensors is provided.
The objective of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of sun power location device based on spherical sensors, it is mainly connected to form successively by spherical sensors, signal scanning and A/D change-over circuit, digital signal processing chip etc.; Spherical sensors comprises several photo-sensitive cells and spheroid, and photo-sensitive cell is evenly distributed on the spheroid.
A kind of solar tracking localization method according to said apparatus may further comprise the steps:
(1) spherical sensors is with light signal converting analogue electric signal.
(2) scanner uni A/D change-over circuit is converted to digital electric signal and supplied with digital signal process chip with the analog electrical signal of each photo-sensitive cell collection.
(3) digital signal processing chip adopts largest light intensity point method, minimax light intensity differential technique or classification that digital electric signal is handled, obtain angle of incidence of sunlight: wherein, described largest light intensity point method draws the numerical value maximum point for the signal of being gathered is compared
, can obtain the incident angle of sunshine according to its label m and residing position
Described minimax light intensity differential technique is for to compare any 2 digital electric signal of being gathered, select 2 points of difference maximum, promptly
, wherein,
, n is for selecting the photo-sensitive cell number for use.According to its numbering m
1, m
2Position relation just can obtain the incident angle of sunshine
Described classification is for to be divided into two classes with photo-sensitive cell: the photo-sensitive cell on half spheroid of sunlight is decided to be class on the sunny side, the photo-sensitive cell of carrying on half spheroid of sunshine is decided to be the positive class of the back of the body, the digital electric signal that to gather then on each next photo-sensitive cell is classified with the vector machine classification, the threshold value that obtains in the classification is made comparisons with the digital electric signal of each point again, select from threshold value and differ three minimum points, can think that these three points are on the sunny side and the interphase of back of the body sun on, then the normal direction that draws its plane, place according to this numbering of 3 and position is the incident direction of sunshine, thereby obtains the incident angle of sunshine
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the present invention is based on spherical sensor, high symmetry according to sphere, sensor can carry out real-time detection to solar position still, the transmission link and the feedback element of sensor have been reduced than other sensors, so position of sun precision height, system that the present invention obtains are simple and reliable, the solar energy concentration generating system that will aspire for stability applicable to tracking accuracy height, equipment performance uses.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a system chart of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is regular hexahedron and photo-sensitive cell distribution plan;
Fig. 3 is the geometrical principle figure of spherical sensors work;
Fig. 4 is the Signal Processing process flow diagram;
Fig. 5 is the scatter diagram of gained voltage signal.
Embodiment
Followingly principle of work of the present invention and the effect that is reached are described according to institute's accompanying drawing.
As shown in Figure 1, the sun power location device that the present invention is based on spherical sensors is mainly connected to form successively by spherical sensors, signal scanning and A/D change-over circuit, digital signal processing chip.When solar irradiation was mapped to spherome surface, light signal changed analog electrical signal into by spherical sensors; Analog electrical signal entering signal scanner uni A/D change-over circuit changes digital electric signal into, and the digital electric signal of signal scanning and the output of A/D change-over circuit obtains the angle of incidence of sunlight signal by the digital signal processing chip processing, thereby realizes the location to sunshine.
Wherein, spherical sensors comprises several photo-sensitive cells (the many more precision of photo-sensitive cell are high more) and spheroid, what utilize is the high symmetry of spheroid, photo-sensitive cell is evenly distributed on the spheroid, so can approach spheroid with regular polygon, and the vertex position of regular polygon promptly is chosen as the position of photo-sensitive cell.For example shown in Figure 2ly replace spheroid with regular dodecahedron, it has 20 summits, according to the distribution situation on its summit the distribution of sensitivity speck and a pair of its numbering is set.To the choosing of sensor devices, need consider the light intensity on general daytime, factors such as the spectrum of sunshine simultaneously.Along with the development of photosensitive material, the CCD material of spherical array can be considered the excellent material of this sensor.Owing to will reach high-precision requirement, the photo-sensitive cell number is more relatively, so this signal scanning and A/D change-over circuit scan the analog electrical signal on each photo-sensitive cell earlier, then obtain digital electric signal, again in the pattern supplied with digital signal process chip by the serial input by analog to digital conversion.
The present invention is based on the solar tracking localization method of spherical sensors, may further comprise the steps:
Step 1: spherical sensors is with light signal converting analogue electric signal.
When being in the daytime of sunny weather, solar radiation is to spherical sensors, as shown in Figure 3, can suppose that sunshine is a directional light, light intensity on each aspect of spheroid is all different, and relevant with the angle of sunshine incident, and photo-sensitive cell also is about to the light intensity signal of its loca and is converted into analog electrical signal output.The analog electrical signal of gained has also just comprised the positional information of the sun.
Step 2: scanner uni A/D change-over circuit is converted to digital electric signal and supplied with digital signal process chip with the analog electrical signal of each photo-sensitive cell collection.
Owing to will reach higher precision, need the sensitivity speck quantity of setting more, then need 20 photo-sensitive cells as approaching with regular dodecahedron, each collection then needs 20 signal inputs, and the I/O mouth quantity of general single-chip microcomputer (digital signal processing chip) does not reach so many, because in the middle of whole daytime, the change speed of sunshine is slower than the processing speed of digital signal processing chip, so can adopt the mode of scanning to carry out the collection of a signal, during concrete enforcement chip selection signal can be set, finish the collection of the signal of importing one whole time by signal scanning repeatedly.The signal of gathering and getting is an analog electrical signal, and the signal that single-chip microcomputer is handled mostly is digital signal, handle so simulating signal need be converted to import in the single-chip microcomputer after the digital signal by signal scanning and A/D change-over circuit again, can realize in the reality that signal is the set of number electric signal in the input single-chip microcomputer with A/D conversion chips such as ADC0809
, wherein n is for selecting the photo-sensitive cell number for use.Whole Signal Processing flow process can be carried out simple and clear summary with Fig. 4.
Step 3: digital signal processing chip is handled digital electric signal, obtains angle of incidence of sunlight.
The digital signal that is input in the single-chip microcomputer by signal scanning and A/D change-over circuit only is the voltage signal that is directly proportional with light intensity on each photo-sensitive cell, and the angle signal that how this light intensity signal is converted to sunshine incident then is the problem of the required solution of single-chip microcomputer.The resulting precision as a result of different Processing Algorithm is different.Introduce several feasible methods once.Be a parallel beam all below with the sunshine equivalence.
(1) largest light intensity point method
As shown in Figure 3, wherein A to order tangent plane vertical with sunray.When on the spherical sensing circuit of solar light irradiation, the radial direction of the incidence point A of sunshine is the incident direction of sunshine, and according to optical principle, A point is the point over against sunshine, and this locates light intensity maximum.So the signal of being gathered is compared, draws the numerical value maximum point
, can obtain the incident angle of sunshine according to its label m and residing position
Simultaneously because factors such as the precision of sensor devices, environmental impacts, resulting light intensity maximum point is not necessarily reliable fully, so the bigger error of this method existence.
(2) minimax light intensity differential technique
When on the spherical sensing circuit of solar light irradiation, its model as shown in Figure 3.Can get according to optical principle, A point and B point place diametric(al) are the incident direction of sunshine in theory, because the A point is right against sunshine, and the B point is just being carried on the back in sunshine, so be sunshine light intensity maximum point at spherome surface A point, the B point is sunshine light intensity smallest point, also is 2 light intensity difference maximums.In single-chip microcomputer, only need any 2 digital electric signal of being gathered be compared, select 2 points of difference maximum, promptly
, wherein,
, n is for selecting the photo-sensitive cell number for use.Concern the incident angle that just can obtain sunshine according to its numbering m1, m2 and position
Because this method comparison is 2 difference, increased numerical value relatively on the one hand, can reduce relative error, improved the precision of system, use differential technique can offset the influence of some extraneous factors on the other hand.Largest light intensity method in 1, this method precision and antijamming capability have had bigger lifting.
(3) classification
Shown in Fig. 2 and 3, each photo-sensitive cell evenly distributes on spheroid, so all photo-sensitive cells can be divided into two classes in theory, in the class on the sunny side that is decided to be on half spheroid of sunlight, carry being decided to be on half spheroid of sunshine and carries on the back positive class.The numerical value of gathering on each next photo-sensitive cell can be classified with vector machine classification methods such as (Support Vector Machines for classification and regression), as shown in Figure 5.The threshold value that obtains in the classification (sorting track in the middle of Fig. 5) is made comparisons with the numerical value of each point again, select from threshold value and differ three minimum points, can think that these three points are on the sunny side and the interphase of back of the body sun on, then the normal direction that draws its plane, place according to this numbering of 3 and position is the incident direction of sunshine, so can get the incident angle of sunshine
The foregoing description is used for the present invention that explains, rather than limits the invention, and the similar spherical sensors of every employing all will fall within the scope of protection of the present invention the system that light positions.In the protection domain of spirit of the present invention and claim, any modification and change to the present invention makes all fall into protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. the sun power location device based on spherical sensors is characterized in that it is mainly connected to form successively by spherical sensors, signal scanning and A/D change-over circuit, digital signal processing chip etc.; Spherical sensors comprises several photo-sensitive cells and spheroid, and photo-sensitive cell is evenly distributed on the spheroid.
2. according to the solar tracking localization method of the described device of claim 1, it is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
(1) spherical sensors is with light signal converting analogue electric signal;
(2) scanner uni A/D change-over circuit is converted to digital electric signal and supplied with digital signal process chip with the analog electrical signal of each photo-sensitive cell collection;
(3) digital signal processing chip adopts largest light intensity point method, minimax light intensity differential technique or classification that digital electric signal is handled, obtain angle of incidence of sunlight: wherein, described largest light intensity point method draws the numerical value maximum point for the signal of being gathered is compared
, can obtain the incident angle of sunshine according to its label m and residing position
Described minimax light intensity differential technique is for to compare any 2 digital electric signal of being gathered, select 2 points of difference maximum, promptly
, wherein,
, n is for selecting the photo-sensitive cell number for use; According to its numbering m
1, m
2Position relation just can obtain the incident angle of sunshine
Described classification is for to be divided into two classes with photo-sensitive cell: the photo-sensitive cell on half spheroid of sunlight is decided to be class on the sunny side, the photo-sensitive cell of carrying on half spheroid of sunshine is decided to be the positive class of the back of the body, the digital electric signal that to gather then on each next photo-sensitive cell is classified with the vector machine classification, the threshold value that obtains in the classification is made comparisons with the digital electric signal of each point again, select from threshold value and differ three minimum points, can think that these three points are on the sunny side and the interphase of back of the body sun on, then the normal direction that draws its plane, place according to this numbering of 3 and position is the incident direction of sunshine, thereby obtains the incident angle of sunshine
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| CN109828613A (en) * | 2019-03-08 | 2019-05-31 | 合肥工业大学 | A kind of distribution sensing photovoltaic panel sun tracking system |
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| US20090260619A1 (en) * | 2008-04-20 | 2009-10-22 | The Boeing Company | Autonomous heliostat for solar power plant |
| CN201215628Y (en) * | 2008-05-23 | 2009-04-01 | 大连交通大学 | Intelligent solar energy collecting apparatus |
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