CN102182801A - Two-gear automatic transmission of planet wheel type electric automobile - Google Patents
Two-gear automatic transmission of planet wheel type electric automobile Download PDFInfo
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- CN102182801A CN102182801A CN2011101298832A CN201110129883A CN102182801A CN 102182801 A CN102182801 A CN 102182801A CN 2011101298832 A CN2011101298832 A CN 2011101298832A CN 201110129883 A CN201110129883 A CN 201110129883A CN 102182801 A CN102182801 A CN 102182801A
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- synchronizer
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- planet carrier
- stopper
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Abstract
The invention relates to a two-gear automatic transmission of a planet wheel type electric automobile. The two-gear automatic transmission is composed of a gearbox casing and an automatic gearshift, wherein the gearbox casing comprises an input shaft driven by a motor, a planetary gear train and a output shaft; the input shaft is connected with a sun wheel of the planetary gear train, a planet carrier of the planetary gear train is connected with the output shaft, and a first spline is arranged on and connected with an intra annular gear of the planetary gear train; the automatic gearshift comprises a synchronizer and a convex groove shaft driven by a shift control motor; a second spline is arranged on and connected with the synchronizer, the first spline and the second spline are combined together, the synchronizer can slide along the axis direction parallel to the input shaft, the synchronizer is connected with a shift fork pole, the shift fork pole has a shift fork contact, the synchronizer is arranged between the planet carrier and the gearbox casing, the convex groove shaft has a shift groove which is connected with the shift fork contact of the synchronizer, the shift groove is provided with a first gear part, a second gear part and a neutral gear corner between the first gear part and the second gear part.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to speed changer, particularly a kind of two-shift automatic speed variator of planet gear type electric vehicle.
Background technique
Pure electric vehicle is a kind of new energy traffic tool of alternative traditional combustion engine automobile.Present most of electric vehicle transmission only possesses a gear.There is following technical disadvantages in an existing retaining electric motor car:
A) speed ratio of a gear is difficult to guarantee the automobile max. climb slope, maximum speed and maximum acceleration requirement;
B) when automobile high-speed cruises (speed per hour is greater than 100 kilometers/hour), motor and gear rotational speed near or surpass per minute 10,000 and change.So high rotating speed requires very high to the accuracy of manufacturing of bearing and gear.To greatly improve fabricating cost;
When c) motor speed changeed near per minute 10,000, the relative rating value with moment of torsion of efficient greatly reduced, and noise greatly improves simultaneously, and the transmission system part life greatly reduces.
Summary of the invention
The automatic transmission that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of electric vehicle is to realize electric motor car power performance, the optimization in efficient and life-span.And realize electric vehicle shifting comfort and stationarity.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides a kind of two-shift automatic speed variator of planet gear type electric vehicle, it comprises a casing, comprise in the described casing: by input shaft, planetary gear train and the output shaft of power motor driving, described planetary gear train comprises sun gear, planet carrier, planet wheel, ring internal gear, described input shaft is connected with the sun gear of described planetary gear train, the planet carrier of described planetary gear train is connected with described output shaft, is connected with first spline on the ring internal gear in the described planetary gear train; This automatic transmission also comprises an automatic gear shift apparatus, described automatic gear shift apparatus comprises synchronizer and by the motor-driven tongue axle of gear shift control, be connected with second spline on the described synchronizer, described first spline mutually combines with second spline so that encircle internal gear and rotate with synchronizer, described synchronizer can slide along the axial direction that is parallel to described input shaft, has a gearshift groove on the described tongue axle, be inserted with the shift fork contact of a shifting fork bar in the described gearshift groove movably, this shifting fork bar is connected with synchronizer and allows synchronizer to rotate to it, described synchronizer is arranged between described planet carrier and the described casing, described gearshift groove has first stopper, second stopper, and the neutral corner portion between first stopper and described second stopper, when described shift fork contact was positioned at first stopper of described gearshift groove, described synchronizer was connected with described casing; When described shift fork contact was positioned at second stopper of gearshift groove, described synchronizer was connected with described planet carrier; When described shift fork contact was positioned at described gearshift groove neutral corner portion, described shift fork contact remained in circumferencial direction around the axis of tongue axle so that synchronizer is in neutral gear position.
Preferably, the axis of the axis of described input shaft and described output shaft is on same straight line.
Preferably, described synchronizer is provided with a clutch collar, described clutch collar can slide along the axial direction that is parallel to described input shaft, the clutch collar both sides of described synchronizer are respectively arranged with fixedly canine tooth ring that is fixed on casing and the planet carrier canine tooth ring that is fixed on planet carrier, described planet carrier is provided with planet carrier canine tooth ring towards a side of described synchronizer, the clutch collar of described planet carrier canine tooth ring and described synchronizer is complementary, when described shift fork contact is positioned at second stopper of described gearshift groove, the clutch collar of described synchronizer is connected with described planet carrier canine tooth ring, described casing is provided with fixedly canine tooth ring towards a side of described synchronizer, the clutch collar of described fixedly canine tooth ring and described synchronizer is complementary, when described shift fork contact was positioned at first stopper of described gearshift groove, the clutch collar of described synchronizer was connected with described fixedly canine tooth ring.
Preferably, first stopper of described gearshift groove comprise that first gear is put and described first gear put and described neutral corner portion between the first retaining slope, first corner of this corresponding gearshift in first retaining slope groove.
Preferably, second stopper of described gearshift groove comprise that second gear is put and described second gear put and described neutral corner portion between the second retaining slope, second corner of this corresponding gearshift in second retaining slope groove.
Preferably, described gearshift groove has the neutral corner portion so that synchronizer is in neutral position in shift process, power motor is carried out speed regulating control, make the gear of its speed and next gear synchronous, thereby optimize gearshift agility and stationarity, and greatly reduce the synchronizer wearing and tearing, the life-span of significantly improving synchronizer.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is a structure sectional view of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing 2 is nodel line unfolded drawings of gearshift groove of the present invention.
In the accompanying drawing: 1, input shaft; 2, output shaft; 3, planetary gear train; 31, sun gear; 32, planet carrier; 321, planet carrier canine tooth ring; 33, synchronizer; 34, casing; 341, fixing canine tooth ring; 35, ring internal gear; 4, first stopper; 41, first gear is put; 42, the first retaining slope; 43, first corner; 5, second stopper; 51, second gear is put; 52, the second retaining slope; 53, second corner; 6, neutral corner portion; 61, neutral corner.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with one of accompanying drawing 1-2 preferred embodiment of the present invention is described in detail, thereby protection scope of the present invention is made more explicit defining so that advantages and features of the invention can be easier to be those skilled in the art will recognize that.
A kind of automatic transmission of electric vehicle, it comprises a casing 34, comprise in the described casing 34: by the input shaft 1 of power motor driving, planetary gear train 3 and output shaft 2, described planetary gear train 3 comprises sun gear 31, planet carrier 32 and ring internal gear 35, described input shaft 1 is connected with the sun gear 31 of described planetary gear train 3, the planet carrier 32 of described planetary gear train 3 is connected with described output shaft 2, be connected with first spline on the ring internal gear 35 in the described planetary gear train 3, this automatic transmission also comprises an automatic gear shift apparatus, described automatic gear shift apparatus comprises synchronizer 33 and by the motor-driven tongue axle of gear shift control, be connected with second spline on the described synchronizer 33, described first spline combines with second spline, described synchronizer 33 is connected with a clutch collar, described clutch collar can slide along the axial direction that is parallel to described input shaft 1, has a gearshift groove on the described tongue axle, be inserted with the shift fork contact of a shifting fork bar in the described gearshift groove movably, this shifting fork bar is connected with synchronizer and allows synchronizer to rotate to it, described synchronizer 33 is arranged between described planet carrier canine tooth ring 321 and the described fixedly canine tooth ring 341, and described gearshift groove has first stopper 4, second stopper 5, and the neutral corner portion 6 between first stopper 4 and described second stopper 5.When described shift fork contact was positioned at first stopper 4 of described gearshift groove, described synchronizer 33 was connected with described casing 34; When described shift fork contact was positioned at second stopper 5 of gearshift groove, described synchronizer 33 was connected with described planet carrier 32; When described shift fork contact was positioned at described gearshift groove neutral corner portion 6, described shift fork contact keeps its axial position so that synchronizer 33 is in neutral gear position.
The axis of the axis of described input shaft 1 and described output shaft 2 is on same straight line.
The both sides of described synchronizer 33 are respectively arranged with fixedly canine tooth ring 341 that is fixed on casing 34 and the planet carrier canine tooth ring 321 that is fixed on planet carrier 32.Described planet carrier 32 is provided with planet carrier canine tooth ring 321 towards a side of described synchronizer 33, described planet canine tooth ring 321 is complementary with described synchronizer 33, when described shift fork contact was positioned at second stopper 5 of described gearshift groove, the clutch collar of described synchronizer 33 was connected with described planet carrier canine tooth ring 321.Described casing 34 is provided with fixedly canine tooth ring 341 towards a side of described synchronizer 33, described fixedly canine tooth ring 341 is complementary with described synchronizer 33, described fixedly canine tooth ring 341 is complementary with the clutch collar of described synchronizer 33, when described shift fork contact was positioned at first stopper 4 of described gearshift groove, the clutch collar of described synchronizer 33 was connected with described fixedly canine tooth ring 341.
First stopper 4 of described gearshift groove comprise first gear put 41 and described first gear put 41 and described neutral corner portion 6 between the first retaining slope 42, first corner 43 of these first retaining slope, 42 corresponding gearshift grooves 21.
Described gearshift groove has neutral corner portion 6 so that synchronizer 33 is in neutral position in shift process, power motor is carried out speed regulating control, make its speed and next gear synchronous, thereby optimize gearshift agility and stationarity, and greatly reduce synchronizer 33 wearing and tearing, significantly improve 33 life-spans of synchronizer.
Electric vehicle two-shift automatic speed variator structure proposed by the invention as shown in Figure 1.The automobile power motor is connected with the sun gear 31 of planetary gear train 3 by input shaft 1, and output is connected with the automobile main planet wheel of planetary gear train 3 as speed changer.Wheel can be fixed in casing 34 or is connected with the planet carrier 32 of planetary gear train 3 by synchronizer 33 in the ring of planetary gear train 3.Be processed with external splines comprising on the parts that encircle internal gear 35, described external splines engages with synchronizer 33 internal splines.Described planet carrier 32 is provided with planet carrier canine tooth ring 321 towards a side of described synchronizer 33, and described planet canine tooth ring 321 is complementary with described synchronizer 33.Described casing 34 is provided with fixedly canine tooth ring 341 towards a side of described synchronizer 33, and described fixedly canine tooth ring 341 is complementary with described synchronizer 33.
Synchronizer 33 is fixedly between canine tooth ring 341 and the planet carrier canine tooth ring 321.When automobile in when operation retaining, thereby the clutch collar of synchronizer 33 engages with fixing canine tooth ring 341 to make and encircles internal gear 35 and fix.When automobile in 2 whens operation retaining, thereby the clutch collar of synchronizer 33 engages with planet carrier canine tooth ring 321 whole planetary gear train is rotated.
The velocity ratio of planetary gear train 3 two-shift automatic speed variators involved in the present invention depends on the gear ratio of ring internal gear 35 and sun gear 31.There is following angular velocity relation in described planetary gear train 3 each parts,
Wherein
Be sun gear 31 rotating speeds,
Be ring internal gear 35 rotating speeds,
Be planet carrier 32 rotating speeds.
For the number of teeth of ring internal gear 35 divided by the number of teeth of sun gear 31.During one retaining operation, because of ring internal gear 35 is fixed,
=0, its velocity ratio is
During two retaining operations, because of ring internal gear 35 is connected with planet carrier 32,
=
, its velocity ratio is
Motor speed ω during automobilism
M, ring internal gear 35 rotating speeds
And relation below existing between the car speed,
Wherein
Be the main drive gear ratio, v is the speed of a motor vehicle, and r is the tyre rotation radius.Shift process motor angular velocity difference is as described below.
1) retaining shifts into second: establishing a speed of a motor vehicle of keeping off when shifting into second is v, synchronous for realizing, motor speed must reduce following value through control,
2) two retainings change a retaining: when two retainings are reduced to a retaining, must make the ring internal gear 35 fixing (
=0).This moment, motor speed must increase following value,
Motor speed synchronization control during gearshift:
Shift into second in the process at a retaining, synchronizer 33 can be in neutral gear position during moment, will to motor in addition the load pulse to reduce its rotating speed to synchronization value.Two retainings are changed a retaining, then to motor in addition positive voltage pulse make its rotating speed be increased to synchronous desirable value.Above-mentioned control impuls value is by experimental calibration.The residual velocity difference is eliminated to realize fully synchronously by mechanical synchronization device 33.
The electric car automatic speed transmission of the present invention design has two gears, and gear is that to be used for automobile normal, and another gear is to be used for climbing, to quicken and starting.The reduction speed ratio of two gears is that the dynamic property at the output characteristics of motor and automobile is optimized and selected, like this problem of motor speed excess enthalpy during the not enough and cruising of acceleration performance when having solved the electric vehicle climbing.
First stopper 4 of described gearshift groove comprise first gear put 41 and described first gear put 41 and described neutral corner portion 6 between the first retaining slope 42, first corner 43 of these first retaining slope, 42 corresponding gearshift grooves 21.Second stopper 5 of described gearshift groove comprise second gear put 51 and described second gear put 51 and described neutral corner portion 6 between the second retaining slope 52, second corner 53 of these second retaining slope, 52 corresponding gearshift grooves 21.
The neutral corner 61 of described neutral corner portion 6 corresponding gearshift grooves 21.
Electric vehicle transmission Principle of Synchronic Control of the present invention is as described below:
Upshift, automobile is when the first retaining operation, the shift fork contact is in first gear and puts 41, the clutch collar of synchronizer 33 engage with fixing canine tooth ring 341 from but ring internal gear 35 is fixing, after receiving the upshift indication, gear shift control driven by motor tongue axle rotates, and the shift fork contact is in the bottom on the first retaining slope 42 about 0.2 second, this moment, speed changer was in neutral gear position, and gear shift control driven by motor tongue axle 2 continues rotation simultaneously.
Because be provided with neutral corner portion 6, the shift fork contact remains in its axial position, electric vehicle still is in neutral gear position, turn in the time of neutral corner 61 at gearshift tongue axle, by making the speed drop of input shaft 1 be low to moderate rotating speed of target to the power motor Loading Control, the shift fork contact arrives second gear along the second retaining slope 52 and puts 51 under the control driven by motor then, the clutch collar of synchronizer 33 engages with planet canine tooth ring 321 realizes upshift, and remaining a little speed discrepancy is synchronous by synchronizer 33 in second corner 53 on the second retaining slope 52.
Downshift is basic identical, automobile is when the second retaining operation, the shift fork contact is in second gear and puts 51, the clutch collar of synchronizer 33 engages with planet canine tooth ring 321, after receiving the downshift indication, shift motor drives the tongue axle and rotates, and is in second at 0.2 second left and right sides shift fork contact and keeps off sloping 52 bottom, this moment, speed changer was in neutral gear position, and gear shift control driven by motor tongue axle 2 continues rotation simultaneously.
Because be provided with neutral corner portion 6, the shift fork contact remains in its axial position, electric vehicle still is in neutral gear position, turn in the time of neutral corner 61 at gearshift tongue axle, by to power motor in addition Control of Voltage make the rotating speed of input shaft 1 rise to rotating speed of target, the shift fork contact arrives first gear along the first retaining slope 42 and puts 41 under the control driven by motor then, the clutch collar of synchronizer 33 engages with fixing canine tooth ring 341 from but encircle internal gear 35 and fix.Realize downshift, remaining a little speed discrepancy is synchronous by synchronizer 33 in first corner 43 on the first retaining slope 42.
In addition, the axis of the axis of described input shaft 1 and described output shaft 2 is on same straight line.This kind design can be saved the space on the one hand more, makes minimized in size can improve transmission of torque efficient on the one hand in addition.
The present invention has solved the technical problem (the background technique paragraph is described) that present electric vehicle transmission exists technically at all, and is specific as follows:
1) electric powered motor matching problem:
The automatic transmission of design has two gears according to the present invention, and one is used for automobile normal running, and another is used for climbing, quickens and starting.The gear of two gears is than being optimized and selecting at motor output characteristics and automobile dynamic quality.So just can solve the electric motor car climbing, acceleration performance is not enough, the too high problem of motor speed during with normal driving;
2) gear shift operation and stationarity problem:
The automatic speed derailleur for electric vehicle of design according to the present invention is realized self shifter by micro motor, and is easy to operate.The selection of shifting points and shift process are all controlled by controller optimization, thereby realize optimized power character, energy saving and smoothness.The driving of automobile is basic identical with general autonomous driving vehicle;
3) size installation conditions:
The electric motor car two speed transmission of this patent invention adopts the planet wheel design more compacter than general gear box designs, is convenient to install.
More than specific embodiment of the present invention is illustrated in conjunction with diagram, clearly, on the basis of not leaving scope and spirit of the present invention, can much revise prior art and technology.In the technical field, the common knowledge of a GPRS just can be carried out diversified change in technology main idea scope of the present invention under of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. the two-shift automatic speed variator of a planet gear type electric vehicle, it is characterized in that: it comprises a casing, comprise in the described casing: by input shaft, planetary gear train and the output shaft of power motor driving, described planetary gear train comprises sun gear, planet carrier, planet wheel, ring internal gear, described input shaft is connected with the sun gear of described planetary gear train, the planet carrier of described planetary gear train is connected with described output shaft, is connected with first spline on the ring internal gear in the described planetary gear train; This automatic transmission also comprises an automatic gear shift apparatus, described automatic gear shift apparatus comprises synchronizer and by the motor-driven tongue axle of gear shift control, be connected with second spline on the described synchronizer, described first spline mutually combines with second spline so that encircle internal gear and rotate with synchronizer, described synchronizer can slide along the axial direction that is parallel to described input shaft, has a gearshift groove on the described tongue axle, be inserted with the shift fork contact of a shifting fork bar in the described gearshift groove movably, this shifting fork bar is connected with synchronizer and allows synchronizer to rotate to it, described synchronizer is arranged between described planet carrier and the described casing, described gearshift groove has first stopper, second stopper, and the neutral corner portion between first stopper and described second stopper, when described shift fork contact was positioned at first stopper of described gearshift groove, described synchronizer was connected with described casing; When described shift fork contact was positioned at second stopper of gearshift groove, described synchronizer was connected with described planet carrier; When described shift fork contact was positioned at described gearshift groove neutral corner portion, described shift fork contact remained in circumferencial direction around the axis of tongue axle so that synchronizer is in neutral gear position.
2. automatic transmission according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the axis of described input shaft and the axis of described output shaft are on same straight line.
3. automatic transmission according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described synchronizer is provided with a clutch collar, described clutch collar can slide along the axial direction that is parallel to described input shaft, the clutch collar both sides of described synchronizer are respectively arranged with fixedly canine tooth ring that is fixed on casing and the planet carrier canine tooth ring that is fixed on planet carrier, described planet carrier is provided with planet carrier canine tooth ring towards a side of described synchronizer, the clutch collar of described planet carrier canine tooth ring and described synchronizer is complementary, when described shift fork contact is positioned at second stopper of described gearshift groove, the clutch collar of described synchronizer is connected with described planet carrier canine tooth ring, described casing is provided with fixedly canine tooth ring towards a side of described synchronizer, the clutch collar of described fixedly canine tooth ring and described synchronizer is complementary, when described shift fork contact was positioned at first stopper of described gearshift groove, the clutch collar of described synchronizer was connected with described fixedly canine tooth ring.
4. automatic transmission according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: first stopper of described gearshift groove comprise that first gear is put and described first gear put and described neutral corner portion between the first retaining slope, first corner of this corresponding gearshift in first retaining slope groove.
5. automatic transmission according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: second stopper of described gearshift groove comprise that second gear is put and described second gear put and described neutral corner portion between the second retaining slope, second corner of this corresponding gearshift in second retaining slope groove.
6. automatic transmission according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described gearshift groove has the neutral corner portion, so that synchronizer is when shift process is in neutral position, power motor is carried out speed regulating control, make its speed and next gear synchronous, thereby optimize gearshift agility and stationarity, and greatly reduce synchronizer wearing and tearing, the life-span of significantly improving synchronizer.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2011101298832A CN102182801A (en) | 2011-05-19 | 2011-05-19 | Two-gear automatic transmission of planet wheel type electric automobile |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2011101298832A CN102182801A (en) | 2011-05-19 | 2011-05-19 | Two-gear automatic transmission of planet wheel type electric automobile |
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Cited By (9)
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| CN103161894A (en) * | 2011-12-11 | 2013-06-19 | 河北御捷马专用车制造有限公司 | Centrifugal-type infinitely variable speed device of electric vehicle |
| CN103332108A (en) * | 2013-07-18 | 2013-10-02 | 合肥工业大学 | Two-gear power transmission system for BEV integrated planetary gear train |
| WO2013177785A1 (en) * | 2012-05-31 | 2013-12-05 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Planetary gear transmission and electric vehicle |
| CN103939539A (en) * | 2014-04-30 | 2014-07-23 | 北京航空航天大学 | Electrically-driven planetary transmission |
| CN107314090A (en) * | 2017-07-04 | 2017-11-03 | 浙江捷昌线性驱动科技股份有限公司 | It is a kind of can bidirectional self-locking electric pushrod |
| CN107606076A (en) * | 2017-10-26 | 2018-01-19 | 哈尔滨东安汽车发动机制造有限公司 | A kind of two gear power transmissions with synchronizer |
| CN108167405A (en) * | 2017-12-31 | 2018-06-15 | 柳州惠林科技有限责任公司 | A kind of two-shift automatic variable speed device for braking gear ring |
| US10012102B2 (en) | 2014-02-21 | 2018-07-03 | United Technologies Corporation | Variable vane synchronization ring transmission mechanism |
| DE102022210915A1 (en) | 2022-10-17 | 2024-04-18 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Drive unit for a vehicle |
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| CN103939539A (en) * | 2014-04-30 | 2014-07-23 | 北京航空航天大学 | Electrically-driven planetary transmission |
| CN107314090A (en) * | 2017-07-04 | 2017-11-03 | 浙江捷昌线性驱动科技股份有限公司 | It is a kind of can bidirectional self-locking electric pushrod |
| CN107606076A (en) * | 2017-10-26 | 2018-01-19 | 哈尔滨东安汽车发动机制造有限公司 | A kind of two gear power transmissions with synchronizer |
| CN108167405A (en) * | 2017-12-31 | 2018-06-15 | 柳州惠林科技有限责任公司 | A kind of two-shift automatic variable speed device for braking gear ring |
| DE102022210915A1 (en) | 2022-10-17 | 2024-04-18 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Drive unit for a vehicle |
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Application publication date: 20110914 |