CN102169028B - System for measuring temperature in thyristor in real time - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a system for measuring the temperature in a thyristor in real time. The system comprises a fiber grating temperature sensor, wherein the fiber grating temperature sensor adopts a fiber made of quartz glass; gratings are etched on the fiber; each grating serves as a measuring point of the measuring system, and the temperature distribution of a thyristor molybdenum sheet layer is realized by using a plurality of gratings; a molybdenum sheet of the thyristor is provided with an open groove for accommodating the fiber; a porcelain ring of the thyristor is provided with an opening; the fiber passes through the opening, and is then connected with a demodulator through a multi-mode fiber; the demodulator is used for demodulating the reflection wavelength of reflected light transmitted by the fiber grating temperature sensor into a temperature signal to obtain real-time information of the temperature in a thyristor copper shell; and the demodulator is used for transmitting demodulated data to a background computer through a cable. The measuring system has the advantages of high stability, high reliability, high stability, high linearity, small errors and the like, the measuring range is between 40 DEG C below zero and 310 DEG C, the maximum error is 1.68 percent, and the testing requirements of various thyristor converter valves can be met.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to power electronic system field, specifically relate to a kind of system for measuring temperature in thyristor in real time.
Background technology
Thyristor is since 1956 are born, always towards high voltage, large sense of current development, be divided into electricity and trigger thyristor (Electrically Triggered Thyristor, ETT), light triggered thyristor (Light-Triggered Thyristor, LTT), be widely used in the fields such as HVDC, SVC, TCSC, TSC.Thyristor valves is the core component of system operation, in opening process, if stand fault (surge) electric current, current-rising-rate is very large, and the increase of monocrystalline silicon expansion rate not obvious, and inhomogeneous, therefore, can and cause local junction temperature sharply to rise in the very high current density of the local formation of conducting, finally cause thyristor to burn; In turn on process, can there is high current density temperature-rise effect and defect point intrinsic excitation effect, form the circulating-heating of monocrystalline silicon self, final thyristor burns; In turn off process, owing to existing restoring current and higher electric current to turn-off di/dt, junction temperature is all far longer than normal value, easily burns thyristor; In off-state process, there is the superpotential in leakage current and RC protection loop in thyristor, and also the same circulation that produces local thermoelectricity, from heating, is burnt thyristor.Therefore, thyristor junction temperature changes with outer work condition, and the each side characteristics such as converter valve series average-voltage mechanism, inside and outside superpotential, excess current, reversely restoring process of thyristor, Triggering Control System, protection system are all played to decisive role.At present, the method of determining junction temperature is mainly to calculate (as Cauer, Foster network) or calorifics emulation by thermal impedance, but because the thermal capacitance value of the materials such as silicon single crystal wafer, welding flux layer, shell, insulation spacer and heating radiator in pipe differs greatly, therefore between its each actual heat transfer time constant, also differ larger, said method extremely difficulty is calculated accurately.Therefore, in the urgent need to measuring the measuring system of real time temperature in thyristor, yet the measurement means in this application is still blank both at home and abroad.This measuring system adopts special fiber-optical grating temperature sensor, can insert molybdenum sheet layer in pipe, real-time multimetering Temperature Distribution, minimum on the impact of thyristor body, be not subject to extraneous strong electromagnetic, there is the features such as volume is extra small, reliability is high, stability is strong, the linearity is good, error is little, can meet the test demand of all kinds of thyristor valves.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the above-mentioned defect of prior art, the object of the invention is to propose the system for measuring temperature in thyristor in real time of the advantages such as a kind of volume is little, reliability is high, good stability, the linearity is good, error is little.
For realizing goal of the invention, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of system for measuring temperature in thyristor in real time, described thyristor comprises copper shell, porcelain ring, silicon chip and molybdenum sheet, the sheathed porcelain ring in outside of described copper shell, the inside of described copper shell is provided with silicon chip and molybdenum sheet, described silicon chip clamping is between two molybdenum sheets, its improvements are: this measuring system comprises fiber-optical grating temperature sensor, described fiber-optical grating temperature sensor adopts the optical fiber of being made by quartz glass, and be etched with grating on this optical fiber, each grating is the measurement point of this measuring system, for realize the Temperature Distribution that many gratings are measured thyristor molybdenum sheet layer simultaneously, the molybdenum sheet of described thyristor is provided with the fluting for receiving optical fiber, the porcelain ring of described thyristor is provided with for drawing the perforate of optical fiber, described optical fiber is connected with (FBG) demodulator by multimode optical fiber through after this perforate, the catoptrical reflection wavelength that described (FBG) demodulator transmits fiber-optical grating temperature sensor is demodulated to temperature signal, thereby obtain the real-time information of temperature in brilliant lock copper shell, described (FBG) demodulator by the data after demodulation through network cable transmission to background computer.
Wherein, the fluting on described molybdenum sheet is shaped as spirality, and described optical fiber is placed in this fluting, and all adopts high-temperature silica gel to be fixed in the both sides of each grating, makes to leave gap between each grating and molybdenum sheet.
Wherein, described optical fiber first carries hydrogen anneal process, then the position coating polyimide except each grating at this optical fiber surface.
Wherein, the diameter of described optical fiber is 0.13-0.15mm.
Wherein, the porcelain ring center line of the center line of described perforate and thyristor is perpendicular, by described perforate, draws after optical fiber, to inserting high-temperature silica gel in perforate, fills out envelope.
Wherein, described optical fiber is through after perforate, and the outside that is positioned at the optical fiber of thyristor outside is enclosed with soft armour and hard armour from inside to outside successively, disconnected to prevent optical fiber pack, described optical fiber is connected with the (FBG) demodulator that is positioned at screened room by multimode optical fiber, and described optical fiber adopts light joint to be connected with multimode optical fiber.
Wherein, described (FBG) demodulator comprises wideband light source, isolator, directional coupler, piezoelectric ceramics, tunable F-P wave filter, photodetector, signal processor and Ethernet interface, described wideband light source sends continuous light and irradiates optical fiber, described isolator is isolated the reflected light of each grating, the reflected light that described directional coupler is guided each grating enters tunable F-P wave filter, when the conducting centre wavelength of tunable F-P wave filter equates with optical grating reflection reflection of light wavelength, photodetector can detect largest light intensity, through photodetector, convert electric signal to, the peak value of this electric signal is corresponding to the temperature of conducting centre wavelength and measurement point, the electric signal that described signal processor reception photodetector is sent also converts ethernet communication data to, by Ethernet interface, is uploaded to background computer, meanwhile, background computer is adjusted the frequency of the sawtooth voltage that signal processor sends by Ethernet interface, by this sawtooth voltage, drives piezoelectric ceramics to control the transmission peak wavelength of tunable F-P wave filter.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1, high, the good stability of the reliability of this measuring system, measurement range reaches-40～310 ℃, and possesses the good linearity.
2, this measuring system adopts special Fiber Bragg Grating Temperature sensor, can realize multiple-grid point and measure Temperature Distribution simultaneously, and diameter 0.13-0.15mm, is 10.76ms for 100 ℃ of step response times, and maximum error is 1.69%.
3, the fiber-optical grating temperature sensor in this measuring system is placed in the spiral fluting on the molybdenum sheet layer of thyristor, can effectively realize managing the distribution measuring of interior molybdenum sheet layer real time temperature.
4, be positioned at the (FBG) demodulator of screened room, demodulation wavelength coverage is 1510～1590nm, sweep frequency 500Hz, and demodulation speed is fast, can be used for the demodulation of Millisecond light signal.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the overall framework figure of measuring system of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of measuring system of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is that fiber-optical grating temperature sensor is placed on the position view on molybdenum sheet layer;
Fig. 4 is the structural principle schematic diagram of (FBG) demodulator;
Fig. 5 is optical fiber grating temperature-measuring schematic diagram;
Wherein, 1-copper shell, 2-porcelain ring, 3-silicon chip, 4-molybdenum sheet, 5-fiber-optical grating temperature sensor, 51-optical fiber, 52-grating, 6-fluting, 7-perforate, 8-multimode optical fiber, 9-(FBG) demodulator, 10-background computer, 11-wideband light source, 12-isolator, 13-directional coupler, 14-piezoelectric ceramics, 15-is tunable F-P wave filter, 16-photodetector, 17-signal processor, 18-Ethernet interface, the soft armour of 19-and hard armour, 20-light joint, 21-gate pole triggers lead-in wire.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, measuring system of the present invention is further described in detail.
Thyristor valves is the core component of system operation; thyristor junction temperature changes with outer work condition, and the each side characteristics such as converter valve series average-voltage mechanism, inside and outside superpotential, excess current, reversely restoring process of thyristor, Triggering Control System, protection system are all played to decisive role.As shown in Figure 1, measuring system of the present invention is mainly comprised of the fiber-optical grating temperature sensor 5, (FBG) demodulator 9 and the background computer 10 that are arranged in thyristor, and the electric capacity being connected with thyristor in figure forms thyristor assembly together with thyristor with resistance.Fiber-optical grating temperature sensor 5 is connected with (FBG) demodulator 9 by multimode optical fiber 8, the catoptrical reflection wavelength that (FBG) demodulator 9 transmits fiber-optical grating temperature sensor is demodulated to temperature signal, thereby obtain the real-time information of temperature in brilliant lock copper shell, described (FBG) demodulator 9 by the data after demodulation through Ethernet network cable transmission to background computer 10.
1, the design of fiber-optical grating temperature sensor
Fiber-optical grating temperature sensor 5 adopts the optical fiber 51 of being made by pure quartz glass, along optical fiber, be etched with several～dozens of Bragg grating 52, can realize multiple-grid point and measure Temperature Distribution simultaneously, first optical fiber 51 is carried to hydrogen anneal process, then at this optical fiber surface coating polyimide (grid point is not coated with), fibre diameter can be 0.13-0.15mm, take 0.13mm as good.Through dynamic and static verification experimental verification, this fiber-optic grating sensor can resistance to 310 ℃ of high temperature, for 100 ℃ of step response times, are 10.76ms, and maximum error is 1.69%, and stability is high, and the linearity is good, can meet the needs of temperature test in thyristor.
Carry hydrogen anneal process and adopt prior art known in those skilled in the art:
Carry hydrogen: be that optical fiber 51 is put in cryogenic high pressure (as temperature-30～20 ℃, pressure 6～86Mpa) hydrogen, allow hydrogen permeate enter in optical fiber, to strengthen the photosensitivity of optical fiber.
Annealing: after year hydrogen, in grating 52, remaining hydrogen molecule has diffusion motion, can cause the unstable of grating optical characteristics, and the performance of grating is deteriorated by occurring along with the prolongation of time.High annealing technology, is first optical fiber to be placed in to high temperature, more progressively cooling, as optical fiber being placed in to 330 ℃, in 4 hours, progressively reduces temperature to 0 ℃, can be used for eliminate carrying optical grating construction defect after hydrogen, improves the stability of grating performance.
2, with the design of fiber-optical grating temperature sensor thyristor test product
As shown in Figure 2, thyristor comprises copper shell 1, porcelain ring 2, silicon chip 3 and molybdenum sheet 4, the sheathed porcelain ring 2 in outside of described copper shell 1,, in copper shell 1 inside, being provided with silicon chip 3 and molybdenum sheet 4, silicon chip 3 is clamped between two molybdenum sheets 4.In figure, opening by gate pole of thyristor triggered lead-in wire 21 realizations, and gate pole triggers lead-in wire 21 and enters thyristor inside by the gate pole hole on porcelain ring 2, through after molybdenum sheet 4, is connected with silicon chip 3.
Because fiber-optic grating sensor need to be inserted on molybdenum sheet before thyristor encapsulation, therefore to porcelain ring and molybdenum sheet, need special.Fluting on molybdenum sheet 6 requires as shown in Figure 3, twist, groove depth 0.3mm, optical fiber 51 is placed in helical slot, and 6 place's gratings 52 that on figure, T1-T6 is fiber-optical grating temperature sensor are measured respectively the Temperature Distribution of molybdenum sheet layer.Each grating 52 both sides of fiber-optical grating temperature sensor adopt high-temperature silica gels (adopt GE high-temperature silica gel in this example, can heatproof 275 ℃) to be fixed, and make to leave certain interval between each grating 52 and molybdenum sheet 4.The porcelain ring 2 of thyristor is provided with perforate 7, and porcelain ring 2 center lines of the center line of this perforate and thyristor are perpendicular, by perforate 7, draws after optical fiber 51, to inserting high-temperature silica gel in perforate, fills out envelope.The diameter of perforate 7 can be 2.5-3.5mm, take 3mm as good, and that of drawing from perforate section outer fiber is enclosed with soft armour and hard armour 19 from inside to outside successively, disconnected to prevent optical fiber pack.
After the disposable cold briquetting of thyristor test product, through delivery test, verify, the electric parameters such as withstand voltage, superpotential, excess current, di/dt, dv/dt all meet national standard, and it is minimum on thyristor characteristics impact that this kind inserted the test product method for making of fiber-optic grating sensor.
3, the design of signal transmission form
The optical fiber 51 of drawing from perforate 7 is grown apart from being connected with the (FBG) demodulator 9 that is positioned at screened room optical signal transmission by multimode optical fiber 8, and optical fiber adopts light joint 20 (adopting FC light joint in this example) to be connected with multimode optical fiber.
4, the design of (FBG) demodulator
Optical fiber grating temperature-measuring principle as shown in Figure 5, on the optical fiber of making, utilizes the method for photoengraving to make grating (FBG) at pure quartz glass.The continuous light that wideband light source sends incides fiber grating by Transmission Fibers, and grating reflects a narrow band light selectively, the direct transmissive of all the other broadband light.Select the central wavelength lambda of the narrow band light of reflection
bmeet Bragg condition (claiming that this wavelength is Bragg wavelength),
λ
B＝2neffΛ (1)
In formula (1): neff is the effective refractive index of grating; Λ is the cycle of grating.This formula shows, the narrow band light central wavelength lambda of fiber grating reflection
bwith neff and Λ, change, and neff and Λ are with temperature and STRESS VARIATION, through the suitable processing of installing additional, remove stress influence, can show as and vary with temperature.When temperature changes, due to the thermo-optic effect of optical fiber pure quartz glass, the refractive index n eff of grating can change; Due to the effect of expanding with heat and contract with cold, the cycle of grating also can change, thereby causes grating Bragg wavelength X
bvariation.Formula (1) can be obtained to the variation of fiber grating reflected light center to temperature differentiate with the pass of temperature variation is
Δλ
B/λ
B＝(α+ξ)Δt (2)
In formula (2): α is thermal expansivity, α=d Λ/(Λ dt); ξ is thermo-optical coeffecient, ξ=dneff/ (neffdt).In the temperature range (0～310 ℃) of thyristor operation, α and ξ are constant, and grating wavelength changes and temperature variation presents good linear relationship, as long as measure the change of optical grating reflection wavelength, just can obtain the variation of its environment temperature, this needs (FBG) demodulator 9.
As shown in Figure 4, (FBG) demodulator 9 comprises wideband light source 11, isolator 12, directional coupler 13, piezoelectric ceramics 14, tunable F-P wave filter 15, photodetector 16, signal processor 17 and Ethernet interface 18, wideband light source 11 sends continuous light and irradiates optical fiber 51, the reflected light of isolator 12 each gratings 52 of isolation, the reflected light of directional coupler 13 each gratings of guiding enters tunable F-P wave filter 15, when the conducting centre wavelength of tunable F-P wave filter and the reflection wavelength of grating 52 equate, photodetector 16 can detect largest light intensity, through photodetector, convert electric signal to, the peak value of this electric signal is corresponding to the temperature of conducting centre wavelength and each measurement point, the electric signal that signal processor 17 reception photodetectors are sent also converts ethernet communication data to, by Ethernet interface 18, is uploaded to background computer 10, meanwhile, background computer is adjusted the frequency of the sawtooth voltage that signal processor sends by Ethernet interface, by this sawtooth voltage, drives piezoelectric ceramics 14 to control the transmission peak wavelength of tunable F-P wave filter 15.
5, the design of background computer
Background computer adopts LabVIEW software programming to realize the Real Time Observation to temperature, data analysis, and data are preserved, and history such as calls at the function.
Through experimental verification, the system for measuring temperature in thyristor in real time more than designing, can in real time multimetering Temperature Distribution, minimum on the impact of thyristor body, be not subject to extraneous strong electromagnetic, fiber-optic grating sensor volume is extra small, whole measuring system has the features such as stability is strong, reliability is high, stability is strong, the linearity is good, error is little, its measurement range is-40～310 ℃, and maximum error is 1.68%, can meet the test demand of all kinds of thyristor valves.
Finally should be noted that: above embodiment is only in order to illustrate that technical scheme of the present invention is not intended to limit, although the present invention is had been described in detail with reference to above-described embodiment, those of ordinary skill in the field are to be understood that: still can modify or be equal to replacement the specific embodiment of the present invention, and do not depart from any modification of spirit and scope of the invention or be equal to replacement, it all should be encompassed in the middle of claim scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a system for measuring temperature in thyristor in real time, described thyristor comprises copper shell (1), porcelain ring (2), silicon chip (3) and molybdenum sheet (4), the sheathed porcelain ring (2) in outside of described copper shell (1), the inside of described copper shell (1) is provided with silicon chip (3) and molybdenum sheet (4), described silicon chip (3) is clamped between two molybdenum sheets (4), it is characterized in that: this measuring system comprises fiber-optical grating temperature sensor (5), described fiber-optical grating temperature sensor adopts the optical fiber (51) of being made by quartz glass, and on this optical fiber (51), be etched with grating (52), each grating is the measurement point of this measuring system, for realize the Temperature Distribution that many gratings are measured thyristor molybdenum sheet layer simultaneously, the molybdenum sheet of described thyristor (4) is provided with the fluting (6) for receiving optical fiber (51), the porcelain ring (2) of described thyristor is provided with the perforate (7) for drawing optical fiber, described optical fiber (51) is through being connected with (FBG) demodulator (9) by multimode optical fiber (8) after this perforate, the catoptrical reflection wavelength that described (FBG) demodulator (9) transmits fiber-optical grating temperature sensor is demodulated to temperature signal, thereby obtain the real-time information of temperature in thyristor copper shell, described (FBG) demodulator (9) by the data after demodulation through network cable transmission to background computer (10).
2. system for measuring temperature in thyristor in real time as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the fluting (6) on described molybdenum sheet (4) is shaped as spirality, described optical fiber (51) is placed in this fluting (6), and in the both sides of each grating (52), all adopt high-temperature silica gel to be fixed, make to leave gap between each grating (52) and molybdenum sheet (4).
3. system for measuring temperature in thyristor in real time as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: described optical fiber (51) first carries hydrogen anneal process, then the position coating polyimide except each grating at this optical fiber surface.
4. system for measuring temperature in thyristor in real time as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that: the diameter of described optical fiber (51) is 0.13-0.15mm.
5. system for measuring temperature in thyristor in real time as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: porcelain ring (2) center line of the center line of described perforate (7) and thyristor is perpendicular, by described perforate, draw after optical fiber (51), to inserting high-temperature silica gel in perforate, fill out envelope.
6. system for measuring temperature in thyristor in real time as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that: described optical fiber (51) is through after perforate, the outside that is positioned at the optical fiber of thyristor outside is enclosed with soft armour and hard armour (19) from inside to outside successively, disconnected to prevent optical fiber pack, described optical fiber is connected with the (FBG) demodulator (9) that is positioned at screened room by multimode optical fiber (8), and described optical fiber adopts light joint (20) to be connected with multimode optical fiber.
7. the system for measuring temperature in thyristor in real time as described in claim 1 or 6, it is characterized in that: described (FBG) demodulator (9) comprises wideband light source (11), isolator (12), directional coupler (13), piezoelectric ceramics (14), tunable F-P wave filter (15), photodetector (16), signal processor (17) and Ethernet interface (18), described wideband light source (11) sends continuous light and irradiates optical fiber (51), the reflected light that described isolator (12) is isolated each grating (52), the reflected light that described directional coupler (13) is guided each grating enters tunable F-P wave filter (15), when the conducting centre wavelength of tunable F-P wave filter equates with the catoptrical reflection wavelength of grating (52), photodetector (16) can detect largest light intensity, through photodetector, convert electric signal to, the peak value of this electric signal is corresponding to the temperature of conducting centre wavelength and measurement point, the electric signal that described signal processor (17) reception photodetector is sent also converts ethernet communication data to, by Ethernet interface (18), is uploaded to background computer (10), meanwhile, background computer (10) is adjusted the frequency of the sawtooth voltage that signal processor sends by Ethernet interface, by this sawtooth voltage, drives piezoelectric ceramics (14) to control the transmission peak wavelength of tunable F-P wave filter (15).
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| CN104167437A (en) * | 2013-05-17 | 2014-11-26 | 国家电网公司 | Improved high-power thyristor |
| CN106199820B (en) * | 2016-06-24 | 2019-06-04 | 深圳市畅格光电有限公司 | A kind of production method of weak reflectivity fiber grating |
| CN106019467B (en) * | 2016-07-08 | 2019-07-02 | 深圳市畅格光电有限公司 | A kind of production method of fiber grating resistant to high temperature |
| CN106092368A (en) * | 2016-08-23 | 2016-11-09 | 长飞光纤光缆股份有限公司 | Bragg fiber-optical grating temperature sensor, temperature monitoring system and method |
| CN107317574B (en) * | 2017-06-09 | 2020-08-11 | 南京理工大学 | Self-cooling high-voltage pulse switch device |
| CN113066785A (en) * | 2021-03-18 | 2021-07-02 | 重庆大学 | Crimping type power semiconductor module structure, subunit and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN116157662A (en) * | 2021-04-20 | 2023-05-23 | 丹尼克斯半导体有限公司 | Semiconductor device with a semiconductor layer having a plurality of semiconductor layers |
| CN113588119A (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2021-11-02 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一五研究所 | Method for measuring wall temperature of high-temperature part of aircraft engine based on femtosecond fiber bragg grating sensing |
| CN114964604B (en) * | 2022-06-10 | 2023-07-18 | 长春理工大学 | Optical fiber pressure sensor and manufacturing method of spiral sensing optical fiber pressure probe |
| CN115547946B (en) * | 2022-12-01 | 2023-03-10 | 涌淳半导体(无锡)有限公司 | Temperature measurement wafer, implementation method thereof and temperature measurement system |
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