CN102165950B - 苯基甘氨酸衍生物对大肠杆菌有抑菌和杀菌活性 - Google Patents
苯基甘氨酸衍生物对大肠杆菌有抑菌和杀菌活性 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明发现苯基甘氨酸衍生物对大肠杆菌的抑菌和杀菌活性。本发明涉及的苯基甘氨酸衍生物为:苯基甘氨酸、对-二甲基氨基苯基甘氨酸、间甲基苯基甘氨酸、间溴苯基甘氨酸、对氯苯基甘氨酸、邻溴苯基甘氨酸。苯基甘氨酸衍生物对大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)为62.5~125mg/L;最小杀菌浓度(MBC)为125~250mg/L。
Description
技术领域
本发明通过合成化学药物,阐明药物化学结构与细菌的生物活性之间的关系,更具体的说,是合成苯基甘氨酸衍生物,探索苯基甘氨酸衍生物对大肠杆菌的抑菌和杀菌活性。
背景技术
氨基酸类化合物因其对人类和环境安全,特别是某些氨基酸的衍生物具有明显的药理作用,因此,近几十年来研究和发现有药理作用的氨基酸衍生物引起了许多研究者和开发者的兴趣。例如,2,3-二羟基喹喔啉-6-磺酰氨基酸的衍生物对一些病原微生物,如蜡状芽孢杆菌(B.cereus)和产朊假丝酵母(Candidautilis)都有抑菌活性[El-Naggar, J.Serb.Chem.Soc.,1986,51(9-10):441--447]。El.Naggar等合成了2-(N-Tos-或N-Pht-氨酰基或自由氨酰基)氨基-6-甲基取代的苯并噻唑氨基酸衍生物,其抑菌活性较未有氨基酸修饰时的母体高[El-Naggar,J.Serb.Chem.Soc.,1987,31(6-7):241-6]。
大量的研究表明氨基酸衍生物有抑菌活性。例如,不少研究中发现氨基酸的Sehif碱具有杀菌、抑菌活性[1.Lumme P,Elo H. Inorganica Chimca Acta,1984,92:241。2. Aminabhavi T M, Biradar N S,Patil S B,et al.Inorg.Chim.Acta.,1995,107:231]。席晓岚试验发现N-(4-硝基苄基)甘氨酸亚胺(一种席夫碱)对红色毛癣菌和孢子丝菌有较强的抑菌作用,对白色念珠菌在较高浓度时才有抑菌活性,溶剂二甲亚砜无抑菌作用[席晓岚等,西南师范大学学报(自然科学版),1999,24(1),46]。祝振富合成了胡椒醛甘氨酸钾(一种席夫碱盐),抑菌试验结果表明,该席夫碱盐具有抑制铜绿假单胞菌、大肠埃希氏杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌生长的活性[祝振富, 西南师范大学学报(自然科学版) 1997年,22(1),50]。刘倩合成了水杨醛缩氨基酸酯(一种席夫碱酯),生物活性测试表明有抑菌活性;如N-邻羟苯基亮氨酸酯对白色念株菌的抑菌活性最强,N-邻羟苯基苯丙氨酸酯对大肠杆菌的抑菌活性最强, N-邻羟苯基甘氨酸酯对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌活性最强[刘倩,天津理工大学学报,2010,2(2),12]。刘芳报道了参照GB15979-2002(-次性使用卫生标准)中的溶出性抑菌产品抑菌性能实验方法,发现N-邻羟苄基氨基酸类化合物质量分数为0.05%时,对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌率为100%,对白色念珠菌有较强的抑菌活性,对大肠杆菌有一定的抑菌活性。但苯环上引入溴原子对目标化合物的抑菌活性影响不明显[刘芳, 应用化学,2010, 27(1),12]。
虽然氨基酸直接作为有抑菌活性的化合物没有做过系统的研究,但在大量的研究中,有研究发现氨基酸对棉花、茄子等作物的土传病害病原菌生长发育的影响不同。潘凯试验了l1种氨基酸对黄瓜枯萎病菌生长发育各项指标的影响。发现抑菌氨基酸有:精氨酸、丝氨酸、谷氨酸、赖氨酸、酪氨酸。在低浓度(0.5 g/L)条件下,与对照相比较,除谷氨酸、赖氨酸、酪氨酸显著抑制病菌孢子的产生外,其他氨基酸对病菌生长发育各项指标影响不显著或呈显著促进作用;在高浓度(1.5 g/L)处理条件下,除天冬氨酸外,各处理对病菌生长相应的促进或抑制作用均显著高于对照[潘凯, 北方园艺2008(2):228~230] 。凌关庭报道甘氨酸有抑菌能力,能防止微生物在鱼糜制品的表面产生粘液,对枯草杆菌和大肠杆菌均有较强的抑菌能力。聚赖氨酸(一种白色链霉菌培养而得的天然食品添加剂)对革兰氏阳性和阴性菌均有效。如对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草杆菌及酵母、乳酸菌等的繁殖均有抑制作用(凌关庭, 粮食与油脂,2000, 5,44)。
从上可见,氨基酸的衍生物具有明显的药理作用,氨基酸作为有抑菌活性的化合物是值得进一步研究的,特别是化合物结构比较简单的甘氨酸衍生物引起了我们很大的研究兴趣。
发明内容
本发明选用苯基甘氨酸衍生物为对象,采用体外抗菌试验,研究这些化合物对革兰氏阴性菌的代表--大肠杆菌的生物活性。
本发明的具体技术方案如下:
本发明的创新点在于苯基甘氨酸衍生物对大肠杆菌有抑菌和杀菌活性。
苯基甘氨酸衍生物可用作抗菌剂,所述的苯基甘氨酸衍生物为:苯基甘氨酸、对-二甲基氨基苯基甘氨酸、间甲基苯基甘氨酸、间溴苯基甘氨酸、对氯苯基甘氨酸、邻溴苯基甘氨酸,苯基甘氨酸衍生物的结构特征如下图所示:
苯基甘氨酸衍生物:苯基甘氨酸、对-二甲基氨基苯基甘氨酸、间甲基苯基甘氨酸、间溴苯基甘氨酸、对氯苯基甘氨酸、邻溴苯基甘氨酸对大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)为62.5~125 mg/L;最小杀菌浓度(MBC)为125 ~250 mg/L,所述的最小抑菌浓度和最小杀菌浓度的范围内,其抗菌活性特征体现所用的溶剂是蒸馏水、低浓度的HCl水溶液、低浓度的乙醇水溶液、低浓度的甲醇水溶液中的任一种。
在本发明的技术方案中,测定苯基甘氨酸衍生物杀菌活性的杀菌试验中,定义只能抑制大肠杆菌生长,不能杀死大肠杆菌,抑菌药物被除去,大肠杆菌又可以恢复继续生长的苯基甘氨酸衍生物的最小物质量为最小抑菌浓度(Minimum inhibitory concentration简称MIC);定义能杀死大肠杆菌,杀菌药物除去后,大肠杆菌仍然不能生长的苯基甘氨酸衍生物的最小物质量为最小杀菌浓度(Minimum bactericidal concentration简称MBC)。
本发明采用苯基甘氨酸衍生物有苯基甘氨酸、间甲基苯基甘氨酸、对-二甲基氨基苯基甘氨酸、邻溴苯基甘氨酸、间溴苯基甘氨酸、对溴苯基甘氨酸、间氯苯基甘氨酸、对氯苯基甘氨酸、间硝基苯基甘氨酸、对硝基苯基甘氨酸。
本发明采用大肠杆菌(ATCC25922)菌种购自于杭州市卫生防疫站;菌种培养基:水解酪蛋白琼脂,MH肉汤培养基购自浙江省军区后勤部卫生防疫站检验所。
本发明试验抗菌化合物溶解度的方法:因需样品在溶剂中完全溶解才能进行抑菌或杀菌实验,故准确称取各样品2mg,用体积为4mL的相应溶剂溶解,配成药物浓度为500ppm(500mg/L),确定样品的溶解情况。此实验所用的溶剂根据样品的性质,溶解性不同而有所不同:先试验用蒸馏水作溶剂,若不溶,则依次试验用低浓度的HCl水溶液、乙醇水溶液溶解,最后试验用低浓度的甲醇水溶液。经试验来确定样品在进行抑菌或杀菌实验时的所用的溶解溶剂。
本发明革兰氏阴性菌--大肠杆菌菌液的接种培养方法如下:取10mL肉汤培养液两管,高压蒸汽灭菌消毒10~15min,冷却,在无菌条件下,即在酒精灯火焰附近,用接种环对大肠杆菌进行接种操作,35~37℃温箱培养13小时,即可得本实验所需的菌液。
本发明体外抗菌活性的测定:用试管二倍稀释法测定最小抑菌浓度(MIC)。每管加被检细菌液体培养物稀释液[菌液浓度约105cfu/mL(每毫升样品中含有的细菌群落总数)]1滴,于35~37℃培养24小时,判读结果,含药物量最少而无细菌生长的浓度即为最小抑菌浓度(MIC)。即从试管中药物浓度1000mg/L开始,经试管二倍稀释法,最后稀释至62.5mg/L(见表1)。用试管二倍稀释法测定时,测试药物溶剂的选择见表1。由于所测药物需统一比较,因此选用0.1MHC水溶液作溶剂。个别化合物在0.1MHCl或0.5MHCl中仍无最佳溶解度, 则改用15%或20%乙醇水溶液溶解。同时选该溶剂做空白试验。
最小杀菌浓度(MBC)的测定:测出MIC后在无菌条件下,从无细菌生长的各管吸取0.1mL液传种于MH琼脂培养基表面皿,35~37℃培养18小时,培养皿上细菌生长数小于5的最小稀释度的药物浓度即为最小杀菌浓度(MBC)。
HCl水溶液本身对大肠杆菌有一定抗菌活性,因此本发明需HCl水溶液作为对照,实验发现HCl水溶液的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)为0.05mol/L(以下实施例中,采用HCl水溶液作为溶剂时活性相同),即溶解药物的溶剂浓度在0.05mol/L以下,若有抑菌作用,则应为药物的抑菌作用。最小杀菌浓度(MBC)为0.1 mol/L(以下实施例中,采用HCl水溶液作为溶剂时活性相同),即溶解药物的溶剂浓度在0.1mol/L以下,若有杀菌作用,则应为药物的杀菌作用。
乙醇水溶液本身对大肠杆菌有一定抗菌活性,因此需乙醇水溶液作为对照,实验发现乙醇水溶液(v/v)的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)为3.75%(以下实施例中,采用乙醇水溶液作为溶剂时活性相同),即溶解药物的溶剂浓度在3.75%以下,若有抑菌作用,则应为药物的抑菌作用。最小杀菌浓度(MBC)为15%(以下实施例中,采用乙醇水溶液作为溶剂时活性相同),即溶解药物的溶剂浓度在15%以下,若有杀菌作用,则应为药物的杀菌作用。
本发明筛选实验发现部分苯基甘氨酸衍生物对大肠杆菌有抑菌和杀菌活性。苯基甘氨酸、对-二甲基氨基苯基甘氨酸、间甲基苯基甘氨酸、间溴苯基甘氨酸对大肠杆菌有抗菌活性。在乙醇水溶液中,试验结果类似。对氯苯基甘氨酸和邻溴苯基甘氨酸对大肠杆菌均有抗菌活性。
本发明发现苯基甘氨酸、对-二甲基氨基苯基甘氨酸、间甲基苯基甘氨酸、间溴苯基甘氨酸、对氯苯基甘氨酸、邻溴苯基甘氨酸、对氯苯基甘氨酸、邻溴苯基甘氨酸抑菌活性几乎相同;苯基甘氨酸、对-二甲基氨基苯基甘氨酸杀菌活性最大;间氯苯基甘氨酸、间硝基苯基甘氨酸、对硝基苯基甘氨酸基本上无抗大肠杆菌活性。
具体实施方式
实施例1
按发明内容中所述的抗菌化合物溶解方法、体外抗菌活性的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC)的方法测定对-二甲基氨基苯基甘氨酸对大肠杆菌的抗菌活性。
实验发现对-二甲基氨基苯基甘氨酸最小抑菌浓度(MIC)为125 mg/L(作为溶剂的HCl水溶液浓度此时为0.0125 mol/L),最小杀菌浓度(MBC)为250 mg/L(作为溶剂的HCl水溶液浓度此时为0.025 mol/L),因此,对-二甲基氨基苯基甘氨酸对大肠杆菌有抗菌活性。
实施例2
按发明内容中所述的抗菌化合物溶解方法、体外抗菌活性的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC)的方法测定间甲基苯基甘氨酸对大肠杆菌的抗菌活性。
实验发现间甲基苯基甘氨酸最小抑菌浓度(MIC)为125 mg/L(作为溶剂的HCl水溶液浓度此时为0.0125 mol/L),最小杀菌浓度(MBC)为500 mg/L(作为溶剂的HCl水溶液浓度此时为0.05 mol/L),因此,间甲基苯基甘氨酸对大肠杆菌有抗菌活性。
实施例3
按发明内容中所述的抗菌化合物溶解方法、体外抗菌活性的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC)的方法测定间溴苯基甘氨酸对大肠杆菌的抗菌活性。
实验发现间溴苯基甘氨酸最小抑菌浓度(MIC)为125 mg/L(作为溶剂的HCl水溶液浓度此时为0.0125 mol/L),最小杀菌浓度(MBC)为500 mg/L(作为溶剂的HCl水溶液浓度此时为0.05 mol/L),因此,间溴苯基甘氨酸对大肠杆菌有抗菌活性。
实施例4
按发明内容中所述的抗菌化合物溶解方法、体外抗菌活性的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC)的方法测定苯基甘氨酸对大肠杆菌的抗菌活性。
实验发现苯基甘氨酸最小抑菌浓度(MIC)为125 mg/L(作为溶剂的HCl水溶液浓度此时为0.0125 mol/L),最小杀菌浓度(MBC)为250 mg/L(作为溶剂的HCl水溶液浓度此时为0.025 mol/L),因此,苯基甘氨酸对大肠杆菌有抗菌活性。
实施例5
按发明内容中所述的抗菌化合物溶解方法、体外抗菌活性的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC)的方法测定对氯苯基甘氨酸对大肠杆菌的抗菌活性。
实验发现对氯苯基甘氨酸最小抑菌浓度(MIC)为125 mg/L(作为溶剂的乙醇水溶液(v/v)此时为1.875%),最小杀菌浓度(MBC)为500 mg/L(作为溶剂的乙醇水溶液(v/v)此时为7.5%),因此,对氯苯基甘氨酸对大肠杆菌有抗菌活性。
实施例6
按发明内容中所述的抗菌化合物溶解方法、体外抗菌活性的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC)的方法测定邻溴苯基甘氨酸对大肠杆菌的抗菌活性。
实验发现邻溴苯基甘氨酸最小抑菌浓度(MIC)为125 mg/L(作为溶剂的乙醇水溶液(v/v)此时为2.5%),最小杀菌浓度(MBC)为500 mg/L(作为溶剂的乙醇水溶液(v/v)此时为10%),因此,邻溴苯基甘氨酸对大肠杆菌有抗菌活性。
Claims (3)
2.根据权利要求1所述的苯基甘氨酸及其衍生物在制备对大肠杆菌有抑菌和杀菌活性的抗菌剂的用途,其特征在于,苯基甘氨酸及其衍生物:苯基甘氨酸、对-二甲基氨基苯基甘氨酸、间甲基苯基甘氨酸、间溴苯基甘氨酸、对氯苯基甘氨酸、邻溴苯基甘氨酸对大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)为62.5~125mg/L;最小杀菌浓度(MBC)为125~250mg/L。
3.根据权利要求2所述的苯基甘氨酸及其衍生物在制备对大肠杆菌有抑菌和杀菌活性的抗菌剂的用途,其特征在于,所述的最小抑菌浓度和最小杀菌浓度的范围内,其抗菌活性特征体现所用的溶剂是蒸馏水。
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