CN102165186B - 组件和制备组件的方法 - Google Patents

组件和制备组件的方法 Download PDF

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CN102165186B
CN102165186B CN200980137652.7A CN200980137652A CN102165186B CN 102165186 B CN102165186 B CN 102165186B CN 200980137652 A CN200980137652 A CN 200980137652A CN 102165186 B CN102165186 B CN 102165186B
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tackiness agent
joint
limiting part
members
wind turbine
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CN102165186A (zh
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A·吉尔
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Vestas Wind Systems AS
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Vestas Wind Systems AS
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06—Rotors
    • F03D1/065—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • F03D1/0675—Rotors characterised by their construction elements of the blades
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/4805—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
    • B29C65/483—Reactive adhesives, e.g. chemically curing adhesives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/4805—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
    • B29C65/483—Reactive adhesives, e.g. chemically curing adhesives
    • B29C65/4835—Heat curing adhesives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/50—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
    • B29C65/5042—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like covering both elements to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/116—Single bevelled joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being bevelled in the joint area
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/116—Single bevelled joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being bevelled in the joint area
    • B29C66/1162—Single bevel to bevel joints, e.g. mitre joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/32—Measures for keeping the burr form under control; Avoiding burr formation; Shaping the burr
    • B29C66/324—Avoiding burr formation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/32—Measures for keeping the burr form under control; Avoiding burr formation; Shaping the burr
    • B29C66/324—Avoiding burr formation
    • B29C66/3242—Avoiding burr formation on the inside of a tubular or hollow article
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B29C66/434—Joining substantially flat articles for forming corner connections, fork connections or cross connections
    • B29C66/4342—Joining substantially flat articles for forming corner connections, e.g. for making V-shaped pieces
    • B29C66/43421—Joining substantially flat articles for forming corner connections, e.g. for making V-shaped pieces with a right angle, e.g. for making L-shaped pieces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B29C66/434—Joining substantially flat articles for forming corner connections, fork connections or cross connections
    • B29C66/4344—Joining substantially flat articles for forming fork connections, e.g. for making Y-shaped pieces
    • B29C66/43441—Joining substantially flat articles for forming fork connections, e.g. for making Y-shaped pieces with two right angles, e.g. for making T-shaped pieces, H-shaped pieces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/54—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/61—Joining from or joining on the inside
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/63—Internally supporting the article during joining
    • B29C66/636—Internally supporting the article during joining using a support which remains in the joined object
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/08—Blades for rotors, stators, fans, turbines or the like, e.g. screw propellers
    • B29L2031/082—Blades, e.g. for helicopters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/08—Blades for rotors, stators, fans, turbines or the like, e.g. screw propellers
    • B29L2031/082—Blades, e.g. for helicopters
    • B29L2031/085—Wind turbine blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05B2230/20—Manufacture essentially without removing material
    • F05B2230/23—Manufacture essentially without removing material by permanently joining parts together
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B11/00—Connecting constructional elements or machine parts by sticking or pressing them together, e.g. cold pressure welding
    • F16B11/006—Connecting constructional elements or machine parts by sticking or pressing them together, e.g. cold pressure welding by gluing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Standing Axle, Rod, Or Tube Structures Coupled By Welding, Adhesion, Or Deposition (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种制备组件的方法，包括提供第一构件；提供第二构件；提供在所述第一构件和所述第二构件之间延伸的至少一个柔性粘合剂限制部件；以及提供在所述第一构件和所述第二构件之间将所述第一构件和所述第二构件互相连接的粘合剂；其中，所述粘合剂受到所述柔性粘合剂限制部件的限制，使得形成所述粘合剂的凹形前线表面。本发明还涉及这种组件、以及包括这种组件的风力涡轮机叶片和风力涡轮机。

Description

组件和制备组件的方法
技术领域
本发明大体涉及一种制备包括第一和第二构件的组件的方法，所述第一构件和所述第二构件通过粘合剂相互粘合，本发明还涉及这种组件、和一种包括这种组件的风力涡轮机转子叶片以及风力涡轮机。
背景技术
当制备一种接头时，例如使用诸如胶水的液体粘合剂通过粘合剂连接两个或多个构件时，难以获得粘接线的凹形自由前线表面，其中，所述前线表面是粘合剂与周围介质之间的分界面，所述分界面在接头的端部在构件之间从一个构件延伸到另一个构件。通常情况下，由于液体粘合剂从接头处向外溢出，会形成粘合线的凸起前端，也就是说，粘合线前端从接头中大量粘合剂向外凸出，且进入接头周围的介质例如空气中。如果发生这种溢出，就可能会在粘合剂和由粘合剂连接的每个构件之间的分界面上在形成尖角的粘合线前端形成凹口。粘合线前端的凹口通常是不利的，因为他们会弱化接头。
凹口的问题在风力涡轮机的接头方面且尤其是风力涡轮机转子叶片的接头方面特别明显，风力涡轮机转子叶片需要长时间地承受大应力。风力涡轮机叶片可能超过40米长且非常重，还必须能够多年承受风施加的强烈和变化的力。由于需要为市场提供更大的叶片，因此对于叶片内能够承受更大应力的接头的需求在一直增长。
发明内容
鉴于以上，本发明的一个目的是提供制备一种组件诸如接头的方法，其不易于被凹口所弱化。
根据一个方面，本发明通过制备一种组件的方法来实现，该方法包括：提供第一构件；提供第二构件；提供在所述第一构件和所述第二构件之间延伸的至少一个柔性粘合剂限制部件；以及提供在所述第一构件和所述第二构件之间将所述第一构件和所述第二构件互相连接的粘合剂；其中，所述粘合剂受到所述柔性粘合剂限制部件的限制，使得形成所述粘合剂的凹形前线表面。
通过包括在相互粘合以形成所述组件的构件之间延伸的柔性粘合剂限制部件，可以获得粘合剂的清楚的凹形前线表面，即，粘合线前端不会形成尖角，在粘合线前端诸如在粘合剂与任一构件之间的分界面处不形成凹口。
柔性粘合剂限制部件可以定位成使得它在构件之间的一个方向上限制粘合线，以便在粘合剂与粘合剂限制部件之间的分界面处形成粘合线的前线表面。因此前线表面的形状可以在所述分界面处由粘合剂限制部件的形状限定。
柔性粘合剂限制部件可以在至少一个方向上限制粘合剂，因此所述部件可以用作粘合剂的拦胶坝，因此例如通过将粘合剂限制在接头所需的区域且阻止液体粘合剂泄漏到任一构件的不需要粘合剂的部分来有助于接头的制备。通过柔性粘合剂限制部件，即使例如对粘合剂施加压力，粘合剂也可以在接头内保持足够的量以形成具有所需强度和厚度的接头，粘合剂否则可能被从接头中挤出。当然，除了作用到接头中的粘合剂的重力之外，取决于液体状态的粘合剂的粘性，即使没有压力，粘合剂也可能易于从接头中泄漏。
由于粘合剂限制部件是柔性的，因此它可以被压在构件之间以便在与粘合剂的分界面处形成凸形形状，从而限制粘合剂使得形成粘合剂的清楚的凹形前线表面。因此，从粘合剂前线的横向方向看，该前线远离柔性粘合剂限制部件凸出。另外，如果该柔性粘合剂限制部件被压在构件之间，在制备该组件时被引入构件之间的液体粘合剂可能被挤压到粘合剂限制部件上而不被允许通过该粘合剂限制部件。该柔性粘合剂限制部件因此会在构件之间在粘合剂的前线表面处相对于粘合剂形成紧密密封。
通过在构件之间延伸的粘合剂限制部件，粘合剂也将会在接头中保持在位，因此会减少组件例如接头中粘合剂的使用，因为粘合剂不会从组件中流出。因此可以降低粘合剂的成本且可以避免在通过接头相互粘合的构件之间不需要的地方存在多余的粘合剂。
当从粘合剂前线的横向方向看时，粘合剂前线表面的凹形形状将特别地确保在前线表面处的粘合剂与每个构件成角度地交接，因此在粘合剂前线表面与任一构件之间的分界面上不会形成凹口或缝隙。如果前线表面是凸形而不是凹形的，在粘合剂前线表面与构件之间的分界面上将会形成凹口，会在所述分界面处使组件易于疲劳和分离而使组件弱化。
粘合剂限制部件可以被设计成使得它限定出粘合剂的清楚的凹形前线表面。如果该前线表面是清楚的，将不会在前线表面形成由于不清楚的、不均匀的或发散的前线表面而导致的凹口。粘合剂限制部件因此会具有与粘合剂接触的基本上光滑和规则的表面，而不会具有在粘合剂前线表面导致凹口的例如裂缝、孔、棱边、尖角、堆叠等。然而应当理解的是，只有在构件与粘合剂限制部件之间的空间适当地填充粘合剂才会取得这种效果。
作为具体的示例，粘合剂限制部件通常不会因此设计成，使得它在接头的制备过程中吸收液体粘合剂，例如由于粘合剂限制部件是可多孔的。如果例如采用能够吸收液体粘合剂的海绵，前线表面将不会是清楚的。而且，由于粘合剂会扩充到海绵的小孔中因此会形成珊瑚状。然而，可以理解的是，采用多孔材料的粘合剂限制部件也提供相对具有凹口或类似应力集中源的现有技术接头进行改进的接头。例如，诸如根据粘合剂的粘性，多孔材料的小孔可能对于使用的粘合剂而言太小而不能被吸收。
如果前线表面是清楚的，前线表面将具有基本上光滑且良好地限定的表面，而没有任何可能在前线表面形成尖角或凹口的不规则部分。前线表面因此将不会是不清楚的、不均匀的或发散的。
可以理解的是，本发明的方法的组件中可以包括诸如第三构件的另外构件和/或诸如第二粘合剂限制部件的另外粘合剂限制部件。
第一和第二构件可以与柔性粘合剂限制部件一起设置成使得形成通道。该通道之后被填充粘合剂并且引导和定形所述粘合剂。因此，粘合线和粘合剂前线表面的形状和位置可以高精度地被限定。当然，该通道可以由不止两个构件和/或由不止一个粘合剂限制部件形成。另外，也可形成不止一个通道。
方便的是，在粘合剂固化之后将柔性粘合剂限制部件从组件中移走。该部件将不会占据组件中的空间并且不会增加组件的重量。而且，该粘合剂限制部件可以在另一组件中再次使用。
柔性粘合剂限制部件可以连接到构件中的一个并且在弹性变形过程中与另一构件邻接。柔性粘合剂限制部件可以例如连接到构件中的一个，所述构件在组件中通过粘合剂、双面带或钉子等相互粘合。通过这种方式，有利于制备该组件。柔性粘合剂限制部件可以首先连接到构件中的一个上，之后将液体粘合剂施加到该构件上且靠着柔性粘合剂限制部件，之后另一构件可被挤压到粘合剂和柔性粘合剂限制部件上，该柔性粘合剂限制部件弹性变形并且在两个构件之间形成密封，以形成根据本发明的组件。
柔性粘合剂限制部件可以是柔性管。根据该组件的形状和类型，管可以在例如搭接接头处中有利地用作柔性粘合剂限制部件。
管可以较容易地连接到将在组件中粘合的构件的表面，因为柔性管具有与构件的表面大体平行的表面同时也具有面向粘合剂前线表面的凸形表面。另外，由于管在非变形状态即具有凸形表面，因此在本发明的接头的制备过程中，不需要采取特殊措施来使柔性粘合剂限制部件紧靠另一构件变形以紧靠粘合剂粘合线形成凸形表面。如果替代地采用平面柔性板或条，必须确保当它紧靠另一构件弹性变形时，该板不会变形而紧靠粘合剂粘合线形成凹形表面，而应是凸形表面。
柔性粘合剂限制部件可以由任何适当的柔性材料制成，例如闭孔型泡沫。示例包括但不限于闭孔型聚乙烯或发泡的丁腈橡胶。这些材料可以承受粘合剂固化的温度，例如高于70℃的温度。
粘合剂可以是任何合适的粘合剂，诸如包括环氧树脂和聚亚安酯粘合剂的粘性液体粘合剂。
本发明方法的组件可以形成接头。所述接头可以是任意类型的接头，其中至少两个构件通过粘合剂粘合，但本发明对于不同类型的搭接接头和对接接头尤其有利。
本发明组件中相互粘合的构件可以是通过粘合剂相互粘合的任何构件，但该组件对于风力涡轮机的接头，尤其是风力涡轮机转子叶片中的接头尤其有利。根据叶片的设计，风力涡轮机转子叶片可以包括作为叶片支柱的主梁或梁、以及由主梁支撑且形成翼面的两个外壳件。该两个外壳件可以沿着主梁的相应侧边一个与另一个相对地纵向设置，并且可以在叶片的前缘和后缘处的纵向接头中相互粘合。一个或两个这种接头可以方便地与本发明的这种组件一致。在前缘，外壳件可以以搭接接头相互粘合，且在两个外壳件会聚形成“V”形的后缘，外壳件以另一种搭接接头相互粘合。另外，根据叶片的设计，一个或两个这种外壳件可以以与本发明组件一致的对接接头粘合到主梁、主梁帽或梁的任意部分。
根据另一方面，本发明涉及一种包括第一和第二构件的组件，所述第一构件和所述第二构件通过粘合剂相互粘合，所述粘合剂具有凹形前线表面。
接头还包括在所述第一构件和所述第二构件之间延伸并且限定粘合剂的所述凹形前线表面的柔性粘合剂限制部件。
根据另一方面，本发明涉及一种包括根据上面讨论的本发明组件的组件的风力涡轮机转子叶片。
根据另一方面，本发明涉及一种包括根据上面讨论的本发明组件的组件的风力涡轮机。
一种典型的风力涡轮机除了以上之外还包括塔架、保持诸如发电机和传动机构的机舱、以及具有转子叶片的转子。
关于本发明方法的上述讨论在适用部分也与本发明的组件、本发明的风力涡轮机转子叶片和本发明的风力涡轮机相关。可以参照上述讨论。
本发明的其他目的、特征和优势将从下文的详细公开、附加权利要求和附图中展现。
通常地，权利要求中使用的所有术语应当根据他们在本技术领域内的通常含义来解释，除非这里明确地定义为其他含义。所有“一/一个/该[元件、设备、部件、装置、步骤等]”的引用应当被直接地解释为引用所述元件、设备、部件、装置、步骤等中的至少一个，除非明确地规定为其他情况。这里公开的任何方法中的步骤不表示按公开的严格顺序来执行，除非明确的规定。
附图说明
上述以及本发明的其他目的、特征和优势将通过下文的例子和参考附图对本发明优选实施例的非限制性的具体描述而得到更好地理解，其中相同的附图标记用于表示类似的部件，其中：
图1是现有技术的一种搭接接头的横截面示意图；
图2是根据本发明的图1中的那种搭接接头的横截面示意图；
图3是现有技术的另一种搭接接头的横截面示意图；
图4是根据本发明的图3中的那种搭接接头的横截面示意图；
图5是现有技术的一种对接接头的横截面示意图；
图6是根据本发明的图5中的那种搭接接头的横截面示意图；
图7是具有根据本发明的接头的风力涡轮机转子叶片的横截面示意图的示例；
图8是本发明另一种对接接头的横截面示意图；
图9是本发明的一种“L”形接头的横截面示意图；以及
图10是本发明另一种“L”形接头的横截面示意图。
具体实施方式
描述本发明的粘合剂限制部件的术语“柔性”表示所述粘合剂限制部件能够折曲或弯曲而不会断裂。该术语还表示所述粘合剂限制部件能够弹性变形，这与塑性变形不同，其中弹性变形表示所述变形是可逆的且当变形力不再作用在它上面时该部件将会恢复原形。
本发明接头的粘合剂或粘合线的术语“前线表面”涉及粘合剂面向诸如空气或柔性粘合剂限制部件的周围介质并且位于通过粘合剂相互粘合的两个构件之间的表面。该表面在由粘合剂相互粘合的两个构件之间延伸，即，从所述两个构件中的一个构件的表面延伸到另一个构件的相对表面，其中该一个构件的表面至少在一定程度上面向另一构件的所述相对表面。
描述本发明接头的粘合剂的前线表面的术语“清楚”表示该前线表面被清晰地限定轮廓和界定，而没有发散的、不清晰的、不清楚的等。因此，该清楚的前线表面是光滑表面，即，它没有任何凹口。
描述本发明接头的粘合剂的前线表面的术语“凹形”，表示在接头的横截面上看，前线表面从柔性粘合剂限制部件朝向从形成在构件与柔性粘合剂限制部件之间的空间溢出的大量粘合剂的中心凸出。因此，凹形形状由柔性粘合剂限制部件的凸形横截面形成。前线表面的凹形形状在形状上不需要是对称的、或是抛物线/双曲线形的。前线表面可以例如包括在两构件之间的横截面，所述两个构件通过粘合剂相互粘合，所述横截面是线性的，只要不会形成凹口或尖角。
现在将参照图1和2描述搭接接头，其中接头以横截面的形式示出。
图1示出了一种常规的现有技术中包括两个构件1和2的搭接接头，两个构件通过粘合剂3相互粘合以形成粘合线。通过将粘合剂3施加在第二构件2的区域上，之后第一构件1与构件2的施加了粘合剂的区域交迭地设置并紧靠构件2被挤压以形成接头来制备搭接接头。制备好的接头设计成承受如图1的箭头所示的剪切力。在这种常规现有技术的搭接接头的制备过程中，由于重力和/或当将构件1和2挤压在一起时施加的压力，粘合剂会从接头向外溢出而形成凸形前线表面4，产生凹口6，在凹口6处任一前线表面4与构件1和2中的任一个成锐角α交接。
图2示出了根据本发明的搭接接头。该搭接接头也包括构件1和2以及粘合剂3，但还包括作为柔性粘合剂限制部件或拦胶坝的柔性管7。该柔性管7在构件1和2之间并沿着接头的每个纵向侧边延伸且在接头的制备过程中被压在构件1和2之间。通过采用这种管7，每个前线表面4形成为凹形，而不是凸形。即，每个前线表面4与构件1和2的每个成钝角α交接，因此在构件1和2与任一粘合剂前线表面4之间的分界面处不会形成凹口。
在接头的制备过程中，管7可以通过例如双面带、胶水或钉子附接到构件2上。当在接头的制备过程中构件1随后被压在构件2和粘合剂3上时，管7的相应上表面与构件1接触，因此管7从大致圆形横截面弹性变形成大致椭圆形横截面。因此相应的管7面向粘合剂3的表面向外朝向粘合剂3凸出，形成粘合剂3的前线表面4，使得它们被形成为凹形。
当粘合剂呈现出固体状态后，可将管7从接头移走，假定在移走的过程中在前线表面4不会形成凹口，但是优选在接头制备之后将管留在接头中以确保不会扰乱前线表面，即，不形成任何凹口，且为了简化接头的制备。
现在将参照图3和4描述一种不同类型的搭接接头，其中接头以横截面的形式示出。这种搭接接头由会聚且通过在所述构件1和2交接处的粘合剂3相互粘合的构件1和2形成。这种接头主要承受如箭头所示的分裂或劈开力。
图3示出了这样一种常规的搭接接头，类似于图1的搭接接头，它包括两个构件1和2，两个构件1和2通过粘合剂3相互粘合，形成粘合线。通过将粘合剂3施加到构件2的区域，之后构件1与构件2镜像对称地设置，在构件1的一端与构件2接触且覆盖构件2的施加粘合剂的区域，且被挤压紧靠构件2以形成接头来制备搭接接头。这种搭接接头不同于图1中的搭接接头之处在于其设计成承受如箭头所示的分裂力而不是剪切力。在这种常规的现有技术搭接接头的制备过程中，由于重力和/或当将构件1和2挤压在一起时施加的压力，粘合剂会从接头向外溢出而形成凸形的前线表面4，产生凹口6，在凹口6处前线表面4与构件1和2中的任一个成锐角(即，图1中的α)交接。
图4示出了根据本发明的接头。这种接头也包括构件1和2以及粘合剂3，但还包括作为柔性粘合剂限制部件或拦胶坝的柔性管7，该柔性管在构件1和2之间并沿着接头的每个纵向侧边延伸且在接头的制备过程中被压在构件1和2之间。两个构件1和2与管7结合形成填充粘合剂3的通道，且引导和定形粘合剂3以形成接头的粘合线。通过采用这种管7，前线表面4形成为凹形，而不是凸形。前线表面4与构件1和2中的每个成钝角(即，图2中的α)交接，因此在构件1和2与粘合剂前线表面4之间的分界面处不会形成凹口。
在接头的制备过程中，管7可以通过例如双面带、胶水或钉子而附接到构件2上。当构件1在接头的制备过程中随后被压在构件2和粘合剂3上时，管7的上表面与构件1接触，因此管7从大致圆形横截面弹性变形成大致椭圆形横截面，管7面向粘合剂3的表面向外朝向粘合剂3弯曲，形成粘合剂3的前线表面4，使得它形成凹形。
当粘合剂呈现出固体状态后，可将管7从接头移走，假定在移走的过程中在前线表面4不会形成凹口，但是优选在接头制备之后将管留在接头中以确保不会扰乱前线表面，即，不形成任何凹口，且为了简化接头的制备。
本发明上述示例中采用的管可以由任何适于制备柔性管的柔性材料制成。在一些情况下，诸如发泡聚合材料的柔性多孔或泡沫材料可能是有利的。为了确保多孔材料不吸收粘合剂，材料的孔优选是封闭的。合适的材料可以例如是柔性闭孔型聚乙烯或发泡丁腈橡胶。管的横截面可以大致呈圆形，但也可以具有任何其他形状只要它们在接头的制备过程中能够向着粘合剂凸出以形成凹形粘合剂前线表面。除了诸如管的中空构件，也可以使用诸如圆柱体的实心柔性构件作为柔性粘合剂限制部件。这种实心构件当然也可以由多孔材料制成。在本发明的其他应用中，例如下面的对接接头，可以采用不是管的其他类型的柔性粘合剂限制部件。
现在参照图5和6描述对接接头的类型，其中接头以横截面的形式示出。这种对接接头与搭接接头的不同之处在于，接头中相互粘合的构件1和2的在接头中相互面对且与粘合剂接触的表面在接头的端部基本上不平行。相反，在接头的一端，即，在粘合剂的前线表面处，这些表面中的一个表面成大约90°远离另一构件的表面弯曲。接头例如可以是粘合到平面的U形构件。
图5示出了现有技术中包括两个构件1和2的对接接头，两个构件1和2通过粘合剂3相互粘合，形成粘合线。通过将粘合剂3施加到构件2的区域，之后构件1覆盖构件2的施加了粘合剂的区域设置且被挤压紧靠构件2以形成接头来制备对接接头。在这种现有技术接头的制备过程中，由于重力和/或当将构件1和2挤压在一起时施加的压力，粘合剂会从接头向外溢出而形成凸形前线表面4，产生凹口6，在凹口6处前线表面4与构件1和2中的任一个成锐角(即，图1中的α)交接。
图6示出了根据本发明的对接接头。该接头也包括构件1和2以及粘合剂3，但还包括作为柔性粘合剂限制部件或拦胶坝的柔性条9，该柔性条在构件1和2之间并沿着接头的每个纵向侧边延伸。通过采用这种条9，前线表面4形成为凹形，而不是凸形。前线表面4与构件1和2中的每个成钝角(即，图2中的α)交接，因此在构件1和2与前线表面4之间不会形成凹口。
条9可以在纵向条边缘10处通过例如双面带、胶水或钉子附接到构件2上。当构件1在接头的制备过程中被压靠在构件2和粘合剂3上时，自由的纵向条边缘11与构件1接触，因此条9通过向外朝向粘合剂3凸出而弹性变形，形成粘合剂3的前线表面4，使得它形成凹形。
当粘合剂呈现出固体状态后，可将条9从接头移走，假定在移走的过程中在前线表面4不会形成凹口，但是优选在接头制备之后将条留在接头中以确保不会扰乱前线表面，即，不形成任何凹口，且为了简化接头的制备。
图7是风力涡轮机转子叶片的横向截面20的示意图。截面20从其截取的叶片可能达到例如40米长，沿着几乎其整个长度具有类似截面20的横截面。转子叶片截面20包括主梁23支撑的外壳件21和22，所述外壳件21和22在转子叶片的前缘24处以及转子叶片的后缘25处相互粘合。外壳件21和22还在主梁的相应侧边26和27处粘合到所述支撑主梁23上。
图7的附图因此示出了三种不同类型的接头。在前缘24处，采用本发明的搭接接头将两个外壳件21和22连接到一起(参照图7a)，且在后缘25处，采用本发明不同类型的搭接接头将两个外壳件21和22连接到一起(参照图7b)。另外，在主梁的每个侧边26和27处，所述主梁通过本发明的对接接头的方式与相应的外壳件21和22相互粘合(参照图7c)。
现在将参照图8至10来举例说明本发明的其他几个实施例，其中接头以横截面的形式示出。
图8公开了与参照图5和6描述的类型不同的另一种对接接头形式的组件。
图8a中，在对接接头中相互粘合的两个构件1和2布置成将要被粘合成的“T”形结构，使构件2的棱边与构件1的平坦表面连接。
图8b中，构件已经通过粘合剂3相互粘合成“T”形结构。为了获得本发明的凹形粘合剂前线表面4，采用两个条9作为柔性粘合剂限制部件。
在该组件中，与图2、4、6、9和10的本发明组件不同，构件1和2与粘合剂限制部件9一起形成两个填充粘合剂3、引导和定形粘合剂3的通道。
图9公开了两个构件1和2的斜切棱边相互粘合成“L”形接头的组件。
图9a中，在接头中将相互粘合的两个构件1和2布置成将要被粘合成的“L”形结构。
图9b中，构件已经通过粘合剂3相互粘合成“L”形结构。为了获得本发明的凹形粘合剂前线表面4，采用条9作为柔性粘合剂限制部件。
图10也公开了一种“L”形接头，但是在该接头中，只有一个构件的棱边是斜切的。
图10a中，在接头中将相互粘合的两个构件1和2布置成将要被粘合成的“L”形结构。
图10b中，构件已经通过粘合剂3相互粘合成“L”形结构。为了获得本发明的凹形粘合剂前线表面4，采用条9作为柔性粘合剂限制部件。
当将要连接的表面在接头的位置成一定距离定位时，为了制造所述凹形表面，采用具有在形成接头时与粘合剂接触的凸形表面的柔性粘合剂限制部件尤其合适。在这种情况下，接头在前线表面将有一个相对较大的延展。柔性粘合剂限制部件这里用作拦胶坝，阻止胶水从限定的空间泄漏且确保接头的前线表面具有凹形形状。这种凹形形状确保减少前线表面处应力集中的出现。对于在前线表面沿着与接头的长度延伸方向相交的方向具有相对较大延伸的接头，相对于具有随意形状的前线表面，具有凹形形状的前线表面的形成显著地减少应力集中。在接头的前线表面处，所述延伸从将要连接的第一表面与接头之间的触点到将要连接的第二表面与接头之间的触点定界(measured)。
因此，当将要连接的表面在接头的前线表面的位置成一定距离定位时，诸如当将要连接的表面在接头的设置粘合剂限制部件的一侧张开时，为了制造所述凹形表面，采用具有在形成接头时与粘合剂接触的凸形表面的柔性粘合剂限制部件尤其合适。在这些实施例中，诸如例如图4、6、8、9和10中所示实施例中，将要连接的表面在粘合剂限制部件的位置处相对彼此成角度定位。由于这些表面互相成角度定位，因此相对于形成在共面的表面之间的接头，该接头可能具有从表面到表面的相对大的延伸。包括形成粘合剂的凹形前线表面的柔性粘合剂限制部件确保了对于这种类型接头该接头可以以受控方式形成。
然而应当注意的是，对于具有较小延伸和具有较大延伸的接头以及表面是共面的以及张开的接头也存在有益效果。
为了限定前线表面的形状，柔性部件应当具有足够的结构刚度以在粘合剂的稍微压缩过程中在与接头的边界处保持凸形形状。这例如通过诸如闭孔型泡沫的弹性材料来实现。示例包括但不限于闭孔型聚乙烯和发泡的丁腈橡胶。这种材料可合适地渗透空气而不能渗透粘合剂。这样，有助于空气从将要形成接头的空间中排出。这可以通过采用穿孔隔膜来实现，穿孔隔膜可以与更坚硬的支撑部件一起使用，支撑部件也可以被穿孔。
上面已参照几个实施例描述了本发明。但是，本领域技术人员应当明白，除了上述公开的实施例之外的其它实施例同样可能在本发明权利要求限定的本发明范围之内。作为具体示例，本发明对柔性粘合剂限制部件或本发明接头处的相互粘合的构件的材料和形状没有任何限制，本发明也不限于任何具体的粘合剂。

Claims (13)

1.一种制备风力涡轮机转子叶片的方法，包括：
提供第一构件；
提供第二构件；
提供在所述第一构件和所述第二构件之间延伸的至少一个柔性粘合剂限制部件；以及
提供在所述第一构件和所述第二构件之间将所述第一构件和所述第二构件互相连接的粘合剂；
其中，所述粘合剂受到所述柔性粘合剂限制部件的限制，使得形成所述粘合剂的凹形前线表面。
2.根据权利要求1所述方法，其特征在于，所述第一和第二构件以及所述至少一个柔性粘合剂限制部件设置成形成用于引导和定形所述粘合剂的至少一个通道。
3.根据权利要求1-2任一所述方法，其特征在于，在粘合剂固化之后所述柔性粘合剂限制部件被移走。
4.根据权利要求1-2任一所述方法，其特征在于，所述柔性粘合剂限制部件被连接到所述第一构件并且在弹性变形过程中与所述第二构件邻接。
5.根据权利要求1-2任一所述方法，其特征在于，所述柔性粘合剂限制部件是柔性管。
6.根据权利要求1-2任一所述方法，其特征在于，所述柔性粘合剂限制部件由闭孔型泡沫制成。
7.根据权利要求1-2任一所述方法，其特征在于，所述第一构件和所述第二构件通过所述粘合剂相互粘合以形成搭接接头。
8.根据权利要求1-2任一所述方法，其特征在于，所述第一构件和所述第二构件通过所述粘合剂相互粘合以形成对接接头。
9.根据权利要求1-2任一所述方法，其特征在于，所述第一和第二构件是风力涡轮机转子叶片的外壳件，所述外壳件在所述风力涡轮机转子叶片的前缘或后缘通过所述粘合剂相互粘合。
10.根据权利要求1-2任一所述方法，其特征在于，所述第一和第二构件中的一个是风力涡轮机转子叶片的外壳件，所述第一和第二构件中的另一个是风力涡轮机转子叶片的主梁或主梁帽。
11.根据权利要求1-2任一所述方法，其特征在于，所述柔性粘合剂限制部件由闭孔型聚乙烯或发泡的丁腈橡胶制成。
12.一种风力涡轮机转子叶片，包括第一和第二构件，所述第一和第二构件通过粘合剂相互粘合，所述粘合剂具有凹形前线表面，其中，所述组件还包括在所述第一构件和所述第二构件之间延伸且限定所述粘合剂的所述凹形前线表面的柔性粘合剂限制部件。
13.一种风力涡轮机，包括根据权利要求12所述风力涡轮机转子叶片。
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EP2334932B2 (en) 2024-05-01
ES2527136T3 (es) 2015-01-21
US20110142663A1 (en) 2011-06-16
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CN102165186A (zh) 2011-08-24
DK2334932T4 (da) 2024-05-27

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