CN102162828A - Device and method for qualitatively detecting PCB (printed circuit board) board electromagnetic interference radiation performance - Google Patents
Device and method for qualitatively detecting PCB (printed circuit board) board electromagnetic interference radiation performance Download PDFInfo
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- CN102162828A CN102162828A CN2010106097303A CN201010609730A CN102162828A CN 102162828 A CN102162828 A CN 102162828A CN 2010106097303 A CN2010106097303 A CN 2010106097303A CN 201010609730 A CN201010609730 A CN 201010609730A CN 102162828 A CN102162828 A CN 102162828A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and method for qualitatively detecting PCB (printed circuit board) board electromagnetic interference radiation performance, belonging to the technical field of electromagnetic detection. The device and the method solve the problems of low detection result accuracy and high price of the PCB electromagnetic interference. A control order is sent by a PC (personal computer) machine, a singlechip circuit determines the scanning operation mode of a near field probe according to the control order; the singlechip circuit simultaneously controls the movement direction and the movement distance of an X-axis direction stepping motor and a Y-axis direction stepping motor; the control signal of the singlechip circuit drives a corresponding motor to move so as to drive the near field probe to position; after the near field probe is positioned, the acquisition signal of the near field probe is received by a spectrum analyzer, and the acquired signal is transmitted to the PC machine; and finally, the processed data and images are displayed by a data processing and image displaying unit. The device and the method are used for detecting the PCB electromagnetic interference radiation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of device and method of qualitative detection pcb board electromagnetic interference (EMI) emissions performance, belong to the Electromagnetic Testing Technology field.
Background technology
In recent years, develop rapidly along with the electronic information science, the frequency of operation of High Speed PCB Board becomes rate increase how much, the integrated level and the power grade of its place device are also more and more higher, this gives the Electro Magnetic Compatibility of pcb board inside even total system, and (Electromagnetic Compatible EMC) has brought many problems.Under this background, national governments have formulated a large amount of external electromagnetic radiation intensities of criteria limit High Speed PCB Board.As the FCC standard of the CE standard of European Union and the U.S. with regard to mandatory provision product before emerging, must be by a series of extremely tests of strictness, these tests often need high test funds and very long test period.The problem of these existence makes the designer will consider demand aspect the electromagnetic compatibility at the initial stage of system design.
The electromagnetic interference (EMI) emissions scanning system of main flow has the EMSCAN electromagnetic interference (EMI) scanning system of EMSCAN Corp. (CA) and the ETSi4334 of Britain IIT company etc. at present, and is wherein the most representative with EMSCAN.
EMSCAN electromagnetic interference (EMI) scanning system is made up of 1218 H Field probes, and by 32 * 40 array discharging, each probe is distributed in the rectangular grid of 7.6mm * 7.6mm, and the direction of probe is by chevron shaped arrangement.Its controller is used for realizing that the automatic switchover of probe in the scanner and control spectrum analyzer carry out filtering and frequency sweep.Computing machine links to each other with controller by Ethernet, and all controls and the data processing of EMSCAN are all realized by the software of installing on computers.
EMSCAN has spectrum scan function and spacescan function.Spectrum scan result reflects the frequency component quantity of measured object generation and the amplitude of each frequency component; The result of spacescan at a Frequency point, is one and represents the topomap of amplitude with color, can see the dynamic electromagnetic field distribution situation of certain Frequency point that PCB produces in real time clearly.But the phase mutual interference that exists between the EMSCAN array probe has had a strong impact on the accuracy to the testing result of pcb board electromagnetic radiation; While EMSCAN costs an arm and a leg, up to 380,000 U.S. dollars.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is provides a kind of device and method of qualitative detection pcb board electromagnetic interference (EMI) emissions performance in order to solve the low and expensive problem of existing testing result accuracy to the pcb board electromagnetic interference (EMI) emissions.
The device of qualitative detection pcb board electromagnetic interference (EMI) emissions performance of the present invention, it comprises near field probes, prime amplifier, spectrum analyzer, PC, single chip circuit, the isolation of X-axis motor and driver element, X-axis motor H bridge driving circuit, X-direction stepper motor, y-axis motor isolation and driver element, y-axis motor H bridge driving circuit and Y direction stepper motor, the inner embedding of PC has data processing and image-display units
The mode control signal output terminal of PC connects the mode control signal input end of single chip circuit, the X-axis motor control signal output terminal of single chip circuit connects the signal input end of isolation of X-axis motor and driver element, the control signal output ends of isolation of X-axis motor and driver element connects the signal input end of X-axis motor H bridge driving circuit, and the control signal output ends of X-axis motor H bridge driving circuit connects X-direction Stepping Motor Control signal input part;
The y-axis motor control signal output ends of single chip circuit connects the signal input end of y-axis motor isolation and driver element, the control signal output ends of y-axis motor isolation and driver element connects the signal input end of y-axis motor H bridge driving circuit, and the control signal output ends of y-axis motor H bridge driving circuit connects Y direction Stepping Motor Control signal input part;
The parameter that the spectrum analysis instrument parameter of PC is provided with output terminal connection spectrum analyzer is provided with input end, the acquired signal output terminal of spectrum analyzer connects the acquired signal input end of PC, the acquired signal input end of spectrum analyzer connects the acquired signal output terminal of prime amplifier, the acquired signal input end of prime amplifier connects the acquired signal output terminal of near field probes
Data processing and image-display units are used for the view data that the acquired signal input end to PC receives to be handled, and also is used for described view data is shown output, also is used to produce mode control signal;
The output shaft of X-direction stepper motor is used to drive near field probes and does rectilinear motion along X-direction, and the output shaft of Y direction stepper motor is used to drive near field probes and does rectilinear motion along Y direction.
Detection method based on said apparatus of the present invention, send the steering order of LabVIEW software by PC, single chip circuit is determined the scanning work pattern of near field probes according to the steering order that receives, single chip circuit obtains the direction of motion and the move distance of X-direction stepper motor and Y direction stepper motor simultaneously according to the steering order that receives, and calculate the number of drive pulses of the drive signal that obtains corresponding motor according to described move distance, then direction of motion and number of drive pulses formation control signal are used to drive the corresponding motor motion, finish location action thereby drive near field probes;
After described near field probes is finished the location, receive the acquired signal of near field probes by spectrum analyzer, and the signal of gathering is transferred to PC,
Data and image after finally will handling by data processing and image-display units show, realize the real-time detection to pcb board electromagnetic radiation performance.
Advantage of the present invention is: the present invention have economy, fast, can repeat pcb board electromagnetic interference (EMI) emissions power is detected, and testing result advantage of high accuracy, it can be in the design cycle of whole pcb board, at any time carry out the location of interference source and the measurement of justifying radiation, in time take effective measure to eliminate or inhibition internal system and external electromagnetic interference (EMI), improved greatly product percent of pass, shortened design cycle of product, saved design cost.The irreplaceable advantage of miscellaneous equipment is being arranged aspect the electromagnetic compatibility pretest.
The present invention has determined the drives structure of two-phase stepping motor, adopts H bridge copped wave driving circuit scheme, and simple in structure, cost is lower.With the single-chip microcomputer is core, and the design Control Software can receive the instruction of PC, accurately calculates motor operation step number and direction, sends steering order, realizes that bearing accuracy reaches 1mm to the control of stepper motor motion.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the testing process synoptic diagram of embodiment two described y-axis motor current detecting units and X-axis current of electric detecting unit;
Fig. 3 is the magnetic field radiation test curve figure that sinusoidal signal produced in the embodiment four, and M1 and M2 are that frequency indicates point among the figure;
Fig. 4 is after sinusoidal signal in the embodiment four is increased the magnetic interference braking measure, the magnetic field radiation test curve figure that sinusoidal signal produces, and M1 is that frequency indicates point among the figure;
The square wave rising edge oscillogram of Fig. 5 for obtaining by the oscillograph test in the embodiment four;
Fig. 6 is the test result curve map of the electric field radiation that in the embodiment four square-wave signal produced, and M1 and M2 are that frequency indicates point among the figure;
Fig. 7 is the test result curve map that in the embodiment four square-wave signal is increased the electric field radiation of shielding back generation, and M1 and M2 are that frequency indicates point among the figure;
Fig. 8 is for being recorded the time-domain signal figure of relay by oscillograph in the embodiment four;
Fig. 9 is for recording the magnetic field radiation curve map on the relay in the embodiment four;
Figure 10 increases the magnetic field radiation curve map on the relay after the interference shielding measure in the embodiment four;
Figure 11 is the spectrogram during external electromagnetic radiation for pcb board in the embodiment four does not have, and M1 and M2 are that frequency indicates point among the figure;
Figure 12 is the frequency of electromagnetic radiation figure around the CPLD on the pcb board in the embodiment four, and M1 and M2 are that frequency indicates point among the figure;
Figure 13 is the frequency of electromagnetic radiation figure around the AD converter on the pcb board in the embodiment four, and M1 and M2 are that frequency indicates point among the figure;
Electromagnetic interference measurement, EMI measurement when Figure 14 suppresses for pcb board in the embodiment four does not add electromagnetic interference (EMI) is figure as a result;
Figure 15 is the electromagnetic interference measurement, EMI measurement figure as a result when pcb board increases electromagnetic interference (EMI) and suppresses in the embodiment four;
Figure 16 is the homophase transmission principle figure of 6N137 chip in the embodiment four;
Figure 17 is the metal-oxide-semiconductor driving circuit figure of H bridge driving circuit in the embodiment four;
Figure 18 is the circuit diagram of H bridge driving circuit in the embodiment four;
Figure 19 is the circuit diagram of current of electric detecting unit;
Figure 20 is the typical gains performance plot of the prime amplifier of PA-303N for model in the embodiment four;
Figure 21 is the main program flow chart of XE164FM-72F80 single-chip microcomputer in the embodiment four;
Figure 22 is the process flow diagram of XE164FM-72F80 single-chip microcomputer UART subroutine in the embodiment four;
Figure 23 is the process flow diagram of coordinate Calculation subroutine in the XE164FM-72F80 single-chip microcomputer in the embodiment four;
Figure 24 is the process flow diagram of pulse output subroutine in the XE164FM-72F80 single-chip microcomputer in the embodiment four;
Figure 25 is the data processing of PC in the embodiment four and the process flow diagram of image display subroutine.
Embodiment
Embodiment one: present embodiment is described below in conjunction with Fig. 1, the device of the described qualitative detection pcb board of present embodiment electromagnetic interference (EMI) emissions performance, it comprises near field probes 1, prime amplifier 2, spectrum analyzer 3, PC 4, single chip circuit 5, the X-axis motor is isolated and driver element 6-1, X-axis motor H bridge driving circuit 6-2, X-direction stepper motor 6-3, y-axis motor is isolated and driver element 7-1, y-axis motor H bridge driving circuit 7-2 and Y direction stepper motor 7-3, PC 4 inner embeddings have data processing and image-display units 8
The mode control signal output terminal of PC 4 connects the mode control signal input end of single chip circuit 5, the X-axis motor control signal output terminal of single chip circuit 5 connects the signal input end of isolation of X-axis motor and driver element 6-1, the control signal output ends of isolation of X-axis motor and driver element 6-1 connects the signal input end of X-axis motor H bridge driving circuit 6-2, and the control signal output ends of X-axis motor H bridge driving circuit 6-2 connects the signal input end of X-direction stepper motor 6-3;
The y-axis motor control signal output ends of single chip circuit 5 connects the signal input end of y-axis motor isolation and driver element 7-1, the control signal output ends of y-axis motor isolation and driver element 7-1 connects the signal input end of y-axis motor H bridge driving circuit 7-2, and the control signal output ends of y-axis motor H bridge driving circuit 7-2 connects the signal input end of Y direction stepper motor 7-3;
The parameter that the spectrum analysis instrument parameter of PC 4 is provided with output terminal connection spectrum analyzer 3 is provided with input end, the acquired signal output terminal of spectrum analyzer 3 connects the acquired signal input end of PC 4, the acquired signal input end of spectrum analyzer 3 connects the acquired signal output terminal of prime amplifier 2, the acquired signal input end of prime amplifier 2 connects the acquired signal output terminal of near field probes 1
Data processing and image-display units 8 are used for the view data that the acquired signal input end to PC 4 receives to be handled, and also is used for described view data is shown output, also is used to produce mode control signal;
The output shaft of X-direction stepper motor 6-3 is used to drive near field probes 1 and does rectilinear motion along X-direction, and the output shaft of Y direction stepper motor 7-3 is used to drive near field probes 1 and does rectilinear motion along Y direction.
Near field probes 1 described in the present embodiment can be arranged on the mechanical scanning platform, realize the scanning of near field probes 1 is located by the driving device scanning platform by X-direction stepper motor 6-3 and Y direction stepper motor 7-3, near field probes 1, prime amplifier 2 and spectrum analyzer 3 are used for realizing the collecting work to signal, and the bearing accuracy of apparatus of the present invention is determined jointly by the structure of X-direction stepper motor 6-3, Y direction stepper motor 7-3 and mechanical scanning platform.
Described mechanical scanning platform is a kind of motion platform of two dimension, adopts the slip screw type of belt drive.Rotated by the step motor drive screw rod, screw rod drives nut and moves.
Embodiment two: below in conjunction with Fig. 2 present embodiment is described, the difference of present embodiment and embodiment one is that it also comprises y-axis motor current detecting unit 7-4 and X-axis current of electric detecting unit 6-4,
Y-axis motor current detecting unit 7-4 is used to gather the working current of Y direction stepper motor 7-3, and the current signal output end of this y-axis motor current detecting unit 7-4 connects the y-axis motor current signal input end of single chip circuit 5;
X-axis current of electric detecting unit 6-4 is used to gather the working current of X-direction stepper motor 6-3, and the current signal output end of this X-axis current of electric detecting unit 6-4 connects the X-axis motor current signal input end of single chip circuit 5.Other composition and annexation are identical with embodiment one.
Y-axis motor current detecting unit 7-4 and X-axis current of electric detecting unit 6-4 are used for the phase current of two stepper motors is gathered in real time in the present embodiment, in single-chip microcomputer 5 inside, the phase current signal that can will receive is in real time made comparisons with the inner safety value that prestores, in case surpass safety value, will report to the police, and stop to send pulse control signal.
Embodiment three: present embodiment is described below in conjunction with Fig. 1, present embodiment is based on the Device Testing method of embodiment one described qualitative detection pcb board electromagnetic interference (EMI) emissions performance, send the steering order of LabVIEW software by PC 4, single chip circuit 5 is determined the scanning work pattern of near field probes 1 according to the steering order that receives, single chip circuit 5 obtains direction of motion and the move distance of X-direction stepper motor 6-3 and Y direction stepper motor 7-3 simultaneously according to the steering order that receives, and calculate the number of drive pulses of the drive signal that obtains corresponding motor according to described move distance, then direction of motion and number of drive pulses formation control signal are used to drive the corresponding motor motion, finish location action thereby drive near field probes 1;
After described near field probes 1 is finished the location, receive the acquired signal of near field probes 1 by spectrum analyzer 3, and the signal of gathering is transferred to PC 4,
Data and image after finally will handling by data processing and image-display units 8 show, realize the real-time detection to pcb board electromagnetic radiation performance.
The data processing of PC 4 inside and image-display units 8 adopt serial communication with single-chip microcomputer 5 under the applied environment of LabVIEW software, LabVIEW software realize simultaneously to spectrum analyzer 3 the parameter setting, the data of spectrum analyzer 3 are read by the USB mouth, and image sent carries out image by data processing and image-display units 8 and show.
After near field probes 1 is finished the location, promptly begin the electromagnetic radiation situation of detected PCB is gathered, the electromagnetic interference (EMI) emissions signal converts voltage signal to through near field probes 1, described voltage signal is input to spectrum analyzer 3 after sending into prime amplifier 2 again, carry out spectrum analysis by 3 pairs of signals of spectrum analyzer, obtain the radiation event of each Frequency point, read, obtain the amplitude-frequency information of electromagnetic interference (EMI) by 4 pairs of data of PC.
The inventive method is passed through programming and is realized human-computer interaction interface, and the start and stop duty of control total system reaches the scan mode of near field probes 1, the distance of stepper motor single step run, and finishes the image demonstration.
Embodiment four: present embodiment is described below in conjunction with Fig. 3 to Figure 25, single-chip microcomputer 5XE164FM-72F80L receives the steering order that LabVIEW software sends on the PC 4 by serial ports, according to command adapted thereto, select correct near field probes 1 scanning work pattern.While is according to direction of motion and the distance of instruction analysis X-direction stepper motor 6-3 and Y direction stepper motor 7-3, calculate required number of drive pulses, utilize capture ratio than the CCU6 unit, the output pulse control signal, this control signal has guaranteed electrical isolation through the non-linear high speed photo coupling of 6N137, and drives the H bridge drive circuit of being made up of MOSFET by three phase full bridge chip for driving 6ED003L06-F, thereby drive corresponding stepper motor motion, finish the scanning location action of near field probes 1.In whole scanning process, gather the phase current of stepper motor respectively by the miniature precision current transformer, through y-axis motor current detecting unit 7-4 and the X-axis current of electric detecting unit 6-4 that forms by the OP07 amplifier, send into the AD module of single-chip microcomputer 5, through PEC channel transfer AD transformation result, finish real-time collection to the stepper motor phase current.Single-chip microcomputer 5 is made comparisons with the inner safety value that prestores gathering the current value of returning, in case surpass safety value, just reports to the police, and stops to send the PWM control wave.
To this method based on device carry out functional test: be in normal duty for verifying described device, select the magnetic field of sinusoidal signal generation and the electric field of square-wave signal generation to test, wherein sinusoidal signal spectrum distribution result has only self frequency place that spectrum component is arranged, and the spectrum component of all the other Frequency points is 0; Square-wave signal spectrum analysis result is that the discrete spectrum that also comprises a series of odd harmonics except self frequency distributes.
Sinusoidal signal produces the test in magnetic field: the radiation that is produced by sinusoidal signal is a magnetic field radiation, utilizes near field probes 1LFR400 to carry out the test of its radiation intensity.
The initial frequency that spectrum analyzer 3 is set is 10KHz, and the termination frequency is 10MHz, and number of scan points is 1024, and peak-to-peak value is 14.6V, frequency be 5MHz the magnetic field radiation test result that sinusoidal signal produced as shown in Figure 3.By increasing the magnetic interference braking measure, the magnetic field radiation test result that sinusoidal signal produces as shown in Figure 4.
By theoretical analysis as can be known, the frequency of the spectrum distribution situation and sinusoidal signal of sinusoidal signal self is relevant, use the frequency of sinusoidal signal to be 5MHz in the test, the frequency spectrum that is obtained signal by Fig. 3 is distributed in the 5MHz place just, can prove that apparatus of the present invention can work normally.Comparison diagram 3 and Fig. 4 as can be known, increase interference suppression measure after, become-53dBm by-30dBm in the magnetic field radiation intensity at 5MHz place, magnetic field radiation intensity reduces.The whole device of same explanation can correctly react the magnetic field radiation situation in the circuit qualitatively.
Square-wave signal produces the test of electric field: the radiation that is produced by square-wave signal is an electric field radiation, utilizes near field probes 1LFR400 to carry out the test of its radiation intensity.
Peak-to-peak value is 14.6V, and frequency is the square-wave signal of 10KHz, the square wave rising edge waveform that obtains by oscillograph test as shown in Figure 5, rise time τ=12.4ns as shown in Figure 5, the scope of spectrum distribution is 1/ τ=80.65MHz.
The initial frequency that spectrum analyzer 3 is set is 100KHz, the termination frequency is 100MHz, and number of scan points is 1024, and then the electric field radiation test result that is produced by square-wave signal as shown in Figure 6, by increasing the magnetic interference braking measure, the electric field radiation test result that square-wave signal produces as shown in Figure 7.
The frequency range that is obtained the spectrum distribution of square-wave signal electric field radiation by Fig. 6 is about 80MHz, the conclusion that obtains with Fig. 5 is consistent, the spectrum distribution of square wave generation electric field radiation is included as first-harmonic and odd harmonic thereof as can be seen, and the amplitude of harmonic component changes by 1/n (n is the harmonic component number of times), be consistent with theoretical analysis, these all abundant apparatus of the present invention of must having verified can operate as normal.
By Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 as can be known, after increasing interference suppression measure, gamut internal electric field radiation intensity in spectrum distribution all reduces, and maximal value has been become-59dBm by-50dBm, can illustrate that equally apparatus of the present invention can correctly react the electric field radiation situation in the circuit qualitatively.
The test in magnetic field in the big inductance: the closure of relay contact and separately make the rising edge and the negative edge of the curtage that in Be Controlled circuit generation is very precipitous, have conduction emission interference and the Radiation Emission interference of enriching the high-frequency harmonic component thereby produce, these disturb the Circuits System at relay place and the operate as normal of surrounding devices thereof is a kind of potential harm.
Therefore, test has very important meaning by the magnetic field radiation situation in relay and the big inductance built-up circuit, get that supply voltage is 8V in the circuit that relay and inductance form, the driving voltage of relay HKE H2S4H-S-DC12V is 12V, the frequency of operation of relay is 2.2Hz, inductance is 1.28mH, and resistance is 20 Ω.
The time-domain signal that records relay by oscillograph as shown in Figure 8 because the parasitic capacitance effect in the big inductance can produce resonance phenomena, be 5.332us oscillation period, the resonance frequency that then can obtain magnetic field radiation is 187.55KHz.
The initial frequency that spectrum analyzer 3 is set is 10KHz, the termination frequency is 800KHz, and number of scan points is 1024, record on the relay the magnetic field radiation situation as shown in Figure 9, after increasing the interference shielding measure, record again on the relay the magnetic field radiation situation as shown in figure 10.
As shown in Figure 9, the magnetic field radiation resonance spectrum on the relay is about 190KHz, and the resonance frequency 187.55KHz that obtains with time domain is consistent substantially, utilizes image also can obtain the stray capacitance parameter of inductance.
Comparison diagram 9 and Figure 10 are as can be known, increase diode continuousing flow circuit and grounded shield iron plate, magnetic field radiation on the relay significantly reduces, particularly at tuning-points 200KHz place, therefore in order to reduce the magnetic field radiation that relay on-off causes, can take these measures effectively to weaken the interference emission at its two ends.
The electromagnetic radiation that pcb board is produced is measured below: choose a measured object pcb board, electromagnetic field radiation around controller CPLD on the pcb board and the AD converter is measured, and whole pcb board scanned, interested Frequency point is carried out two dimension show.
All tests of using LF R400 near field probes 1 to finish to magnetic field radiation on the pcb board, the initial frequency that spectrum analyzer 3 is set is 10KHz, the termination frequency is 10MHz, because it is little that the electromagnetic radiation of pcb board is compared, so increase the accuracy that prime amplifier 2PA-303N improves system testing, when not having external electromagnetic radiation source, the radiation intensity of each Frequency point as shown in figure 11.
Scanning to the controller CPLD on the pcb board: CPLD is in duty all the time as the controller of whole pcb board, so the electromagnetic interference (EMI) emissions on the CPLD also can be bigger.The test result of electromagnetic interference (EMI) emissions situation as shown in figure 12 around the controller CPLD.
Relatively the test result of Figure 12 and Figure 11 as can be known, Figure 12 shows that the electromagnetic field radiation in the whole test frequency section has all increased, and then has a large amount of electromagnetic interference (EMI) emissions around the explanation controller CPLD, and radiation mainly concentrate on frequency 1.5MHz near.
Scanning to the AD converter on the pcb board: AD converter realizes the conversion of analog quantity and digital quantity, and a digital signal that transforms sends controller CPLD to, therefore also can have a large amount of electromagnetic interference (EMI) emissions on the signal wire of AD converter, the test result of electromagnetic interference (EMI) emissions as shown in figure 13 on the AD converter signal wire.
Relatively the test result of Figure 13 and Figure 11 as can be known, the radiation intensity in the whole test frequency scope has all increased, main cause is that the radiation that the digital signal on the signal wire produces each frequency band causes radiation all day to strengthen.
Above-mentioned test result and theoretical analysis result all are consistent, and also prove absolutely the electromagnetic radiation situation of the reaction each point that apparatus of the present invention can be correct.
Scanning to pcb board: in order to find the bigger place of certain Frequency point radiation intensity in the pcb board, need carry out whole scanning to pcb board, the frequency sweeping scope is from 10KHz to 10MHz, the frequency that image shows is 1.5MHz, the electromagnetic interference measurement, EMI measurement result of whole pcb board is not as shown in figure 14 when not adding any electromagnetic interference (EMI) and suppressing, after increasing inhibition electromagnetic interference shield device, the electromagnetic interference measurement, EMI measurement result of whole pcb board as shown in figure 15.
The electromagnetic interference in the controller CPLD that is scanned, crystal oscillator and AD converter zone, color of image is darker relatively as shown in Figure 14, and promptly electromagnetic field radiation intensity is bigger, and the conclusion that draws with Figure 12 is consistent, has a large amount of electromagnetic field radiations in this zone.
Relatively Figure 15 and Figure 14 are as can be known, electromagnetic radiation through each point on the pcb board after the electromagnetic interference (EMI) inhibition significantly reduces, design by apparatus of the present invention, make measurement result " visual ", can finish orientation survey to the pcb board electromagnetic interference (EMI) emissions, find on the pcb board radiation intensity side significantly fast according to image, the designing quality of improving PCB etc. is all had very important significance.
The inventive method adopts the thought of virtual instrument, is that kernel programming is realized human-computer interaction interface with LabVIEW software on PC 4.Can obtain the radiation event of each point on the pcb board thus fast, find the bigger position of electromagnetic radiation, it is increased the electromagnetic interference (EMI) braking measure, if improving the electromagnetic interference (EMI) emissions of back circuit reduces, illustrate that then this braking measure played certain effect to the electromagnetic interference (EMI) in the circuit, found the measure of rational inhibition electromagnetic interference (EMI), it has crucial effects to the design of circuit.
The Control Software of single-chip microcomputer 5 can be controlled near field probes 1 and realize two kinds of different mode of operations of point by point scanning and simple scan.
The single-chip microcomputer XE164FM-72F80 that 16 Electric Machine Control that single-chip microcomputer 5 adopts company of Infineon to release are used is as the control chip of electric machine control system of the present invention, than traditional motor control chip DSP, PIC etc., this chip has advantages such as fast operation, functional module are many and powerful.It has peripheral hardware subsystem on the powerful intelligent sheet simultaneously, comprising two ADC synchronously, catches/comparing unit COP2 (having two independent time benchmark) two 16 bit timing device/counters for one; Nearly 4 are used for catching/comparing unit (CCU6) of flexible pwm signal generation, and nearly 6 serial-ports have the real-time clock that warning is interrupted, two multifunctional universal timer units etc.
Utilize ADC unit, CCU61 unit, CCU62 unit, PEC unit, the UART unit of single-chip microcomputer XE164FM-72F80 to realize the design of control circuit among the present invention.
The ADC unit: the XE164FM-72F80 chip has two ADC unit, is respectively ADC0 and ADC1.The ADC module is to adopt approximation technique one by one, realizes with capacitance network.Transfer process is divided into three phases.Sample phase: capacitance network is linked to each other with the analog input end of choosing, capacitance network is discharged and recharged until the magnitude of voltage that reaches simulating signal.The actual converted stage: capacitance network and analog input end are disconnected, repeatedly capacitance network is being discharged and recharged by reference voltage VAREF in the approximate procedure one by one.Back calibration phase is adjusted capacitance network being applicable to the condition of variation, and as temperature: the result after will calibrate writes result register, and the generation interrupt request.
Totally 4 paths are respectively to X-direction stepper motor 6-3A, B two-phase to utilize the ADC1 unit to select its passage 2,4,5,6, and Y direction stepper motor 7-3A, B biphase current carry out digital-to-analog conversion.Select continuous conversion regime, realize real-time detection current of electric.Transformation result utilizes the PEC passage to transmit.What wherein, the reference voltage of ADC module adopted is the 5V reference source that TL431 builds.Than the power supply that utilizes the XE164FM-72F80 chip, can reduce power supply ripple, help improving the conversion accuracy of XE164FM-72F80.
Three CCU6 modules: each CCU6 module is formed with the timer T13 that has one tunnel comparison passage by having three tunnel timer T12 that catch/compare passage.Each passage of T12 can independently produce pwm signal or accept lock-on signal, and each passage also can produce the control signal sequence that drives alternating current generator or inverter jointly.Each CCU6 has 3 the tunnel and catches/compare passage, and each road can be used alone as catches or the comparison passage.Support three-phase PWM to produce (6 tunnel outputs, every phase two paths of signals are respectively applied for and control upward brachium pontis or brachium pontis switch down).Particular job pattern of CCU6 also can be used for controlling brshless DC motor, the controlling schemes of using Hall element or utilizing back electromotive force to detect, and CCU6 supports to switch and polyphase machine control in addition.
Utilize CCU61 and CCU62 to export 4 road pulse control signals control X-direction stepper motor 6-3, Y direction stepper motor 7-3 motion respectively.Utilize the T12 timer, select suitable period, set pulsed frequency, utilize T12 cycle interruption mode and coupling interrupt mode, change pulse order and pulse output are provided with, and form the software ring distributor.Utilize simultaneously CCU6 the dead band control mode, set the Dead Time of 2us, prevent the upper and lower brachium pontis conducting simultaneously of H bridge.At the list 8 beat running modes of two-phase stepper motor may occur at a time have only one mutually can circulating current situation, by utilizing the T12 cycle interruption, revise the output port attribute of CCU6 module, another phase control signal output IO mouth is changed to high-impedance state, forbid its output control signal, thereby reach single 8 beat running modes.
The PEC unit: the XE164FM-72F80 chip provides the PEC passage of 8 tunnel similar DMA functions.Can trigger by any interrupt request, between any two memory addresss, transmit byte data or digital data.Only " stealing " clock period goes to finish from current C PU process, and it is on-the-spot to need not preservation/recovery.Holding time is few, the efficient height.Every road PEC passage has independently counter, is used to specify the number of times of transmission, after having transmitted predetermined number of times, can trigger EOP (Endof PEC) and interrupt.After each PEC transmission is finished, can be configured to increase automatically source address or destination address, the dirigibility height.
System utilizes PEC to transmit the backstage real-time Transmission that passage is finished the ADC transformation result, does not influence program runtime, has high efficient.By PEC passage 0 is set, the transformation result with the first passage of ADC0 is delivered to set address, calls for the overcurrent protection determining program, realizes overcurrent protection function.In like manner, PEC passage 1,2,3 is set respectively, transmits its excess-three road ADC transformation result.
The UART unit: the XE164FM-72F80 chip comprises 3 asynchronous/synchronous serial interfaces, USIC0, USIC1 and USIC2.The USIC module is supported full duplex asynchronous communication and half-duplex synchronous communication.Characteristic and function are as follows: full duplex asynchronous mode of operation, 8 or 8 bit data frames, LSB formerly, parity check bit produces and checks 1 or 2 position of rest; Have the multiprocessor communication pattern that automatic address/data byte detects; The winding ability, two buffer memory transmitter/receivers, auto-baud detecting unit with multiple interruption producing method asynchronous working pattern.
Utilize the above characteristic of USIC module, can join the relevant initialization setting of initial configuration software DAvE configuration, configuration UART serial communication.Native system utilizes the first passage CH0 of the USIC0 interface of XE164FM-72F80 chip, and P7.3 is set, and P7.4 is TX, the RX port, and it is 9600 that baud rate is set, single receives interrupt mode.
The type selecting of stepper motor: the present invention selects two-phase stepper motor for use, and it has simple in structure, and steering logic is simple, low price, advantages such as highly versatile.Because near field probes 1 is lighter, do not need to calculate through complicated selection of Motor verification, directly in conjunction with the technical requirement of apparatus of the present invention, can select Jiangsu to close the two-phase hybrid 57BYGH206 stepper motor that safe motor company produces.This stepper motor has that volume is little, and statical moment is big, advantages such as good stability.
The design of isolation and driver element: utilize the non-linear optocoupler of 6N137 high speed, transmit the control signal of single-chip microcomputer 5 outputs, and guarantee that the weak electric signal of control circuit and the forceful electric power signal of main circuit carry out electrical isolation, improve the stability and the reliability of system, driven the dual H-bridge driving circuit of forming by MOSFET by three-phase bridge chip for driving 6ED003L06-F simultaneously.
6N137 generally has two kinds of application modes: a kind of is the homophase transmission, as shown in figure 16; Another kind is anti-phase transmission.Because the 6th pin Vo output circuit belongs to the open collector circuit, two kinds of circuit all must must on draw a resistance, owing to be a LED between the 2nd pin and the 3rd pin, must be connected in series a current-limiting resistance simultaneously.What native system adopted is the homophase transfer mode, and the resistance of one 523 Ω of single-chip microcomputer signal serial connection links to each other with 2 pin of 6N137, and 3 connect the signal ground of single-chip microcomputer.The pull-up resistor that it is 10k Ω that while 6 pin connect a resistance.
Chip for driving is chosen as the three phase full bridge chip for driving 6ED003L06-F of company of Infineon, can drive the three-phase bridge transformation of electrical energy circuit of being made up of MOSFET or IGBT.Based on the peculiar technology of company of Infineon, 6ED003L06-F has superior performance in the conversion of transient state high speed signal.6ED003L06-F has following characteristic: adopt the ultra-thin SOI technology.; reach as high as the operating voltage of 600V; No. 6 driving circuits independently mutually, CMOS and the input of LSTTL logic level, excessive holding circuit of peculiar electric current and the programmable mistake of breaking circuit tool are from delay function.
As shown in figure 17, the 6ED003L06-F input end receives from through 2 road SCM PWM control signals after the 6N137 light-coupled isolation, controls the turn-on and turn-off of 1,3 brachium pontis and 2,4 brachium pontis of H bridge respectively.Capacitor C 3, C4 all is the tantalum electric capacity with good high frequency characteristics, capacitance is 4.7uF, at this moment, and capacitor C 3, C4 all plays the effect of a pump up voltage, thereby produces the MOSFET pipe conducting that the VHS voltage up to 15V makes brachium pontis on the H bridge.Diode D1, D2 are high-power two fast recovery diode FR107, and the effect of resistance R 9 is current-limiting protection effects.
H bridge driving circuit: the H bridge drive circuit that apparatus of the present invention adopt the IPP60R190C6 type MOSFET by company of Infineon to form, as shown in figure 18.IPP60R190C6MOSFET has the switching frequency height, and conducting resistance is little, the withstand voltage advantages of higher.Constitute 2 H bridges by 8 IPP60R190C6, consider that apparatus of the present invention need the motion of X-Y both direction, we are made of the H bridge drive circuit of 2 stepper motors 16 MOSFET.
Because the electromagnetic field EMI that switch motion produces disturbs and the EMI radiation, adopt the RCD buffering to suppress circuit in order to reduce power MOSFET tube in the electric machine control system, effectively suppress the EMI radiation that MOSFET pipe speed-sensitive switch produces.And the resistance of one 20 Ω has certain filtering and protective effect on MOSFET pipe base stage and chip for driving 6ED003L06-F output terminal string.
The circuit design of current of electric detecting unit: the current of electric detecting unit is monitored in real time to the phase current of stepper motor, and pass them back single-chip microcomputer 5 inside, since stepper motor phase current size at 1A between the 2A, adopt Beijing to shine high-accuracy small current mutual inductor TA12 that magnificent Dechang Electronics Co., Ltd. releases, this mutual inductor have characteristics such as epoxy sealing, ultracrystallite iron core, physical dimension are little, totally-enclosed.
Because adopt the H bridge drive circuit to drive two-phase stepper motor, and work in 4 quadrants, positive and negative variation can appear in the stepper motor phase current.Therefore adopt by high-operational amplifier OP07, and the current of electric detecting unit of linear voltage stabilization source TL431 composition.Concrete structure as shown in figure 19.
The selection of near field probes 1: to the division in the nearly far field of popping one's head in be according to the field in electric dipole and the basic source of magnetic dipole two classes along with the variation of 1/r (r is for putting the distance to source point) is definite, r=λ/2 π are the separation in nearly far field.When r＜λ/2 π are the near field, r＞λ/2 π are the far field.Employed near field probes 1 comprises in this device: high frequency probe RF series (30M-3GHz) and low-frequency probe LF series.
The selection of prime amplifier 2: selecting model is the prime amplifier of PA-303N, and its typical gains performance plot as shown in figure 20.
The selection of spectrum analyzer 3: apparatus of the present invention intermediate frequency spectrum analyser is chosen as Luo De; The FS300 of this Watts company, FS300 are high-precision spectrum analyzers, and frequency range is 9KHz to 3GHz.Employing modern digital frequency processing technology makes it that high-quality measurement characteristics can be provided, and has simultaneously to meet ergonomic user interface.
The frequency sweeping scope of spectrum analyzer 3:, can carry out minute observation to interested frequency by adjusting range of scanned frequencies.Range of scanned frequencies is wide more, and it is long more then to scan a required time, and the measuring accuracy of each point is low more on the frequency spectrum, therefore, under possible situation, uses less frequency range as far as possible.
The skew of the datum of spectrum analyzer 3 and datum: datum is to be used for being provided with the datum line that image shows, as: datum be-during 10dBm, the radiation intensity of certain Frequency point is-28dBm; And work as datum is-20dBm that the radiation intensity of this point is-38dBm.The circuit that datum skew is particularly suitable for having at front end amplifier is set, according to the size of enlargement factor the size of bias is set, thereby make the shown value of this point on the spectrum analyzer be the actual value of this point, feasible measurement is convenient.
The sweep time of spectrum analyzer 3: the signal of reception scans the employed time of most significant end from the least significant end of range of scanned frequencies and is called sweep time.Sweep time and range of scanned frequencies are complementary.If sweep time is too short, the signal amplitude that measures is littler than actual signal amplitude.
On behalf of the signal of two different frequencies, the resolution bandwidth of spectrum analyzer 3: resolution bandwidth RBW (Resolution Bandwidth) can be known the minimum frequency range difference that distinguishes, the signal frequency range of two different frequencies is as being lower than the RBW of spectrum analyzer 3, this two signal is difficult to differentiate with overlapping at this moment.Lower RBW helps the resolution and the measurement of different frequency signals, but low RBW produces distortion with the signal composition of filtering upper frequency when causing signal to show, the RBW of distortion amplitude and setting is closely related.Higher RBW no doubt helps the detection of broadband signal, will increase noise bottom value (Noise Floor), reduces to measure sensitivity, easily produces obstruction for detecting low intensive signal, and therefore suitable RBW width is a key of correctly using spectrum analyzer.
Design to XE164FM-72F80 single-chip microcomputer master routine: in this electric machine control system, utilize catching/comparing unit CCU61 in the initial configuration software DAvE configuration XE164FM-72F80 function sub-modules, CCU62 and asynchronous/synchronous serial interface module USIC0, utilize compiling debugging software TASKing to carry out the emulation compiling simultaneously, and receive the steering order of sending from host computer LabVIEW software by serial ports USIC0, analysis and Control instruction then, take specific action according to steering order, start the coordinate Calculation subroutine, calculate motor operation pulse and motor traffic direction, call the pulse output subroutine, by catching/comparing unit CCU61, CCU62 exports corresponding PWM, control X-direction stepper motor 6-3 respectively, Y direction stepper motor 7-3 makes corresponding motion, and then drive near field probes 1 and finish scanning or location action, the process flow diagram of its master routine is as shown in figure 21.
Design to XE164FM-72F80 single-chip microcomputer UART subroutine: in electric machine control system, use the ASC0 module of XE164FM-72F80, utilize DAvE configuration UART messaging parameter, use P7.3 and P7.4 port to do TXD and RXD port respectively, through configuration, selecting baud rate for use is 9600,8 bit data positions.Whole receiving course uses the interrupt mode of highest ranking, and interrupts continuously 9 times, receives once command, revises judgement symbol, and interrupt service routine as shown in figure 22.After successfully receiving instruction, can revise Status Flag, thereby master routine starts PWM according to dependent instruction then and generates subroutine and coordinate Calculation subroutine according to judging that Status Flag enters the analysis instruction link, and then the operation of control step motor.
Design to XE164FM-72F80 single-chip microcomputer coordinate Calculation subroutine: electric machine control system utilizes the stepper motor characteristic, combined with near field pop one's head in 1 resolution and leading screw pitch, select stepper motor single range ability, adopting the certain programmed method of operation, is the programmed controlled of 1mm to 9mm with single stepper motor step pitch.
In the coordinate Calculation subroutine according to command calculations X-direction stepper motor 6-3, Y direction stepper motor 7-3 traffic direction.By with current coordinate Calculation and then obtain stepper motor operation umber of pulse, replacement pulse scaler F calls the pulse output subroutine, and counter F subtracts counting.When F=0, stepper motor runs to destination address, reset current probe X address, Y address, and the coordinate Calculation subroutine is as shown in figure 23.
Design to XE164FM-72F80 single-chip microcomputer pulse output subroutine: at first, master routine calls the coordinate Calculation subroutine through behind the instruction analysis, obtains stepper motor traffic direction and required pulse number.Starting impulse output subroutine then.At the single 8 beat running modes of two-phase stepper motor that system adopted (A+, A+B+, B+, B+A-, A-, A-B-, B-B-A+), utilizes the T12 timer to interrupt the looping divider, produces single 8 beat running pulses.Be in each T12 timer interrupt service routine, press A+, A+B+, B+, B+A-, A-, A-B-, B-, B-A+ order change pulsatile once order.Owing in single 8 beat running modes, need sometimes block mutually, guarantee that a certain moment has only one to be conducted to one.Utilize the CCU6 unit, by the IO output register is configured, the IO mouth is exported in the pulse of corresponding phase be changed to high-impedance state, locking pulse output.Meanwhile, utilize PEC to transmit passage, the stepper motor phase current that ADC is returned the current transformer collection is sent to array as a result, thereby has saved AD time for reading as a result.The safety value of current value and internal preset is made comparisons, judge whether overcurrent.If overcurrent, locking pulse output stops T12 timer counting, sends warning message, and the pulse output subroutine as shown in figure 24.
The design of PC 4 master routines: at first to each parameter (mailing address of spectrum analyzer 3, initial, stop frequency, number of scan points amplitude reference line) is provided with, by the USB mouth configuration information is passed to spectrum analyzer 3, again the scan mode of near field probes 1 is selected, if simple scan, then need import the x of purpose analyzing spot, the y address, also need select image is that transient state shows or peak value keeps showing, transient state shows then the spectrogram of putting is dynamically shown, peak value scanning shows then to this spot scan a period of time, obtain the maximal value of each Frequency point radiation intensity, and then obtain the spectrum component figure of simple scan; If all scanning, can select probe to be operated in manual mode or automated manner, during manual mode, the motion of can utilize that button " makes progress ", " downwards ", " left ", " to the right " controlling probe x, y direction, during automated manner, plate length and plate that measured object need be set are wide, and send these information to single-chip microcomputer 5 by RS-232, single-chip microcomputer 5 control step driven by motor probe scans according to " snakelike " rule, after scanning is finished image is shown, realize " visual " test.
The design of the data processing of PC 4 and image display subroutine: the data that obtain in the spectrum analyzer 3 are carried out the unit conversion, if simple scan, then need according to initial sum stop frequency and number of scan points, each frequency component value is corresponding one by one with the radiation intensity value; If all scanning, then obtain each spectral component value within this frequency range on the pcb board, according to the Frequency point of wanting to observe, obtain all values of this Frequency point on the pcb board, and in conjunction with the movement locus that all scans, these values are rearranged, obtain a two-dimensional array, utilize the intensity in the LabVIEW software to show that control carries out image and shows that data processing and image display subroutine design flow diagram are as shown in figure 25.
Claims (6)
1. the device of a qualitative detection pcb board electromagnetic interference (EMI) emissions performance, it is characterized in that: it comprises near field probes (1), prime amplifier (2), spectrum analyzer (3), PC (4), single chip circuit (5), the X-axis motor is isolated and driver element (6-1), X-axis motor H bridge driving circuit (6-2), X-direction stepper motor (6-3), y-axis motor is isolated and driver element (7-1), y-axis motor H bridge driving circuit (7-2) and Y direction stepper motor (7-3), the inner embedding of PC (4) has data processing and image-display units (8)
The mode control signal output terminal of PC (4) connects the mode control signal input end of single chip circuit (5), the X-axis motor control signal output terminal of single chip circuit (5) connects the signal input end of isolation of X-axis motor and driver element (6-1), the control signal output ends of isolation of X-axis motor and driver element (6-1) connects the signal input end of X-axis motor H bridge driving circuit (6-2), and the control signal output ends of X-axis motor H bridge driving circuit (6-2) connects the signal input end of X-direction stepper motor (6-3);
The y-axis motor control signal output ends of single chip circuit (5) connects the signal input end of y-axis motor isolation and driver element (7-1), the control signal output ends of y-axis motor isolation and driver element (7-1) connects the signal input end of y-axis motor H bridge driving circuit (7-2), and the control signal output ends of y-axis motor H bridge driving circuit (7-2) connects the signal input end of Y direction stepper motor (7-3);
The parameter that the spectrum analysis instrument parameter of PC (4) is provided with output terminal connection spectrum analyzer (3) is provided with input end, the acquired signal output terminal of spectrum analyzer (3) connects the acquired signal input end of PC (4), the acquired signal input end of spectrum analyzer (3) connects the acquired signal output terminal of prime amplifier (2), the acquired signal input end of prime amplifier (2) connects the acquired signal output terminal of near field probes (1)
Data processing and image-display units (8) are used for the view data that the acquired signal input end to PC (4) receives to be handled, and also is used for described view data is shown output, also is used to produce mode control signal;
The output shaft of X-direction stepper motor (6-3) is used to drive near field probes (1) and does rectilinear motion along X-direction, and the output shaft of Y direction stepper motor (7-3) is used to drive near field probes (1) and does rectilinear motion along Y direction.
2. the device of qualitative detection pcb board electromagnetic interference (EMI) emissions performance according to claim 1 is characterized in that: it also comprises y-axis motor current detecting unit (7-4) and X-axis current of electric detecting unit (6-4),
Y-axis motor current detecting unit (7-4) is used to gather the working current of Y direction stepper motor (7-3), and the current signal output end of this y-axis motor current detecting unit (7-4) connects the y-axis motor current signal input end of single chip circuit (5);
X-axis current of electric detecting unit (6-4) is used to gather the working current of X-direction stepper motor (6-3), and the current signal output end of this X-axis current of electric detecting unit (6-4) connects the X-axis motor current signal input end of single chip circuit (5).
3. the device of qualitative detection pcb board electromagnetic interference (EMI) emissions performance according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described single chip circuit (5) adopts XE164FM-72F80L type single chip circuit.
4. the device of qualitative detection pcb board electromagnetic interference (EMI) emissions performance according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described spectrum analyzer (3) adopts FS300 type spectrum analyzer.
5. the device of qualitative detection pcb board electromagnetic interference (EMI) emissions performance according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the model of described near field probes (1) is LFR400.
6. Device Testing method based on the described qualitative detection pcb board of claim 1 electromagnetic interference (EMI) emissions performance is characterized in that:
Send the steering order of LabVIEW software by PC (4), single chip circuit (5) is determined the scanning work pattern of near field probes (1) according to the steering order that receives, single chip circuit (5) obtains the direction of motion and the move distance of X-direction stepper motor (6-3) and Y direction stepper motor (7-3) simultaneously according to the steering order that receives, and calculate the number of drive pulses of the drive signal that obtains corresponding motor according to described move distance, then direction of motion and number of drive pulses formation control signal are used to drive the corresponding motor motion, finish location action thereby drive near field probes (1);
After described near field probes (1) is finished the location, receive the acquired signal of near field probes (1) by spectrum analyzer (3), and the signal of gathering is transferred to PC (4),
Data and image after finally will handling by data processing and image-display units (8) show, realize the real-time detection to pcb board electromagnetic radiation performance.
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Application publication date: 20110824 |