CN102155505B - Brake plate of train speed reducer and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Brake plate of train speed reducer and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102155505B CN102155505B CN 201110090963 CN201110090963A CN102155505B CN 102155505 B CN102155505 B CN 102155505B CN 201110090963 CN201110090963 CN 201110090963 CN 201110090963 A CN201110090963 A CN 201110090963A CN 102155505 B CN102155505 B CN 102155505B
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Abstract
The invention provides a brake plate of a train speed reducer. The brake plate defines a friction braking surface pressed against the surface of a train wheel, and comprises at least one elastic friction material block, at least one rigid friction material block and a supporting structure, wherein the at least one elastic friction material block and the at least one rigid friction material block are laminated together in a laminating direction to form a laminated structure; the laminated structure defines a laminated side face which is parallel to the laminating direction and constitutes a part of or the entire friction braking surface; the elastic friction block and the rigid friction block are exposed out of the laminated side face; and the supporting structure comprises a fastener for fastening the laminated structure on the supporting structure. The invention also provides a method for manufacturing the brake plate and a train speed reducer having the brake plate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method for brake plate of train speed reducer and manufacturing brake plate of train speed reducer.The invention still further relates to a kind of train reducer with this keep plate.
Background technique
Train (being mainly lorry) is disintegrated in marshalling yard is single compartment, and is reconfigured according to the destination, and the compartment of going to equidirectional is incorporated into same track, and hangs together in column.The compartment that is disintegrated gets off from the free rolling of summit gravitate of marshalling yard, enters the track that pre-sets, and connects with equidirectional other compartments and hangs.For fear of the damage that over-speed coupling brings train, need that in the process of banishing vehicle is carried out speed and control.Usually, the coupling speed of train need to be less than 5 kilometers/hour.The effect of retarder is exactly that the compartment of hypervelocity is slowed down, so that safe connection.This retarder is commonly referred to hump decelerator.Hump decelerator normally applies external force by the arrestment mechanism that wherein arranges to the outside in wheel and produces frictional force, makes vehicle deceleration.Arrestment mechanism known in the field is not special-purpose structure usually, but selects as required suitable common rail to be used for braking.For example at present domestic widely used retarder is TJK and the TJY type car retarder of China Academy of Railways Sciences communication signal Research Institute, and directly acting in this retarder and recording parts inside and outside wheel is brake rail (common 50kg/m rail).In brake rail and wheel, the outside is 8 * 10
4Contact under load more than N, and produce relative sliding and friction between brake rail and wheel, to realize deceleration.This friction belongs to heavily loaded friction behavior, and sharp-pointed noise is followed and gives birth to.And brake rail also is difficult to provide friction factor (intensity) lower, can not realize the effect of well slowing down.
To this, the people's such as leaf Xi utility model patent CN201026885Y, CN201026887Y, CN201026888Y, CN201026889Y discloses several and has been used for the keep plate of car retarder.In these patents, keep plate is provided with by multiple fastening means (comprise inlay, welding, fastening piece etc.) and is connected to the brake pad that has on heteroid supporting structure, and these keep plates that are provided with brake pad can provide larger frictional force and can reduce noise than existing brake rail.In addition, this application people's utility model patent CN201058612Y also discloses a kind of train actuator that passes through the brake structure of lever principle start train reducer.Above-mentioned patent is by reference to include this paper in the mode of this paper non-contravention.
But people still wish further to improve frictional behaviour, the reduction noise of the keep plate of train reducer and it can be arranged aspect braking deceleration as required more neatly.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, the purpose of this invention is to provide and a kind ofly can make the keep plate of improvement at least one in above-mentioned aspect.
to this, the invention provides a kind of keep plate for train reducer, described keep plate limits the friction catch face on butt train wheel surface, it is characterized in that, this keep plate comprises at least one elastic-friction material block, at least one rigidity friction material block and supporting structure, described at least one elastic-friction material block and described at least one rigidity friction material block stacked formation stepped construction on a stacked direction, this stepped construction limits at least one stacked side of at least a portion that is parallel to this stacked direction and consists of described friction catch face, expose described elastic friction block and described rigidity brake pad in described stacked side, described supporting structure comprises for the fastening piece that described stepped construction is fastened on this supporting structure.
This at least one stacked side preferably limits whole friction catch face.
The said elasticity of this paper and rigidity are material propertys well-known to those skilled in the art, elastic material herein and rigid material are also elastic material and the rigid materials on the usual meaning in related domain, and the division of elastic material and rigid material is also known for those skilled in the art.Preferably, elastic-friction material block according to the present invention has in the 10-30GPa scope, is preferably the approximately modulus of elasticity in comperssion of 13GPa.
By the stepped construction that is made of elastic material and rigid material being set and making at least one the stacked side that exposes elastic material and rigid material consist of at least a portion of friction catch face, make keep plate according to the present invention have advantages of improved frictional behaviour and reducing noise, provide in addition the possibility of the keep plate of wanting can be set as required flexibly desirably.
Especially the inventor finds, by exposure at least one stacked side in (thereby in when work also butt wheel) is set, the stacked side of exposing elastic material and rigid material provides on stacked direction than any self friction coefficient large total friction factor all in elastic-friction material and rigidity friction material.Only as explaining rather than restriction, especially have the friction of increase and the noise that reduces according to the configuration of keep plate of the present invention on stacked direction, this is because help to increase damping in the interfacial effect of carefully seeing elastic-friction material and rigidity friction material, and the microcosmic aspect, the energy that the molecular chain movement of elastic-friction material consumes also can increase damping.And because the elastic-friction material can produce when rubbing by the effect of wheel to " pulling " owing to having elasticity, this also can further improve taking turns right braking effect and having benefit aspect noise control.In addition, due to by the stepped construction of elastic-friction material and rigidity friction material is set, distortion when allowing the elastic-friction material in braking and prevent that again the elastic-friction material deformation from having found good trade-off points aspect too many, this both had been conducive to the elastic-friction material and had effectively brought into play rubbing action, prevented that again its premature fatigue damage from affecting working life.
Need to prove especially at this, stacked side of the present invention refers to expose the side of elastic-friction material block and rigidity friction material block.It will be appreciated by one of skill in the art that, for example for the stepped construction that totally is cuboid shape fast by the Rectangular Elastic material and that the Rectangular Rigid friction material block is laminated, laminated according to elastic-friction material block and rigidity friction material block, a kind of two sides of material may occur only exposing, other four sides expose this bi-material.At this, the stacked side of the present invention regulation is not the side that can only expose a kind of material, but exposes one (that is to say the side that can show stepped construction) in a plurality of sides of this bi-material.And the device or the structure that consist of at least a portion of rubbing surface by the side that only exposes a kind of material in stepped construction can not obtain the benefit that structure of the present invention brings to train reducer.
Preferably, rigidity friction material block according to the present invention is made by sintered metal materials.Because sintered metal materials is more loose, has special advantage aspect absorption or reduction noise.Preferably, the density of this sintered metal materials is preferably 6.1-6.2 in the 5.3-6.5 scope.
Sintered metal materials preferably by weight % comprise :≤4% iron; The antimony of 0.5%-1.5%; At least a in the tin of 4%-8% and the zinc of 2%-4%; At least a in the silica of 3%-5% and the graphite of 7%-11%; Surplus is copper and inevitable impurity;
Sintered metal materials preferably comprises by weight percentage: 6% tin, 1% antimony ,≤4% iron, 4% silica, 9% graphite, 3% zinc, surplus are copper and inevitable impurity.
More preferably, described sintered metal materials makes through mixing, compacting and sintering.
Another preferred embodiment according to the present invention, described elastic-friction material block is made of organic composite material.And more preferably, the elastic-friction material block is made of short fibre enhancing high polymer.
In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, described short fibre strengthens high polymer and comprises by weight percentage: the sepiolite fibre of 19%-25%; The short glass fiber of 11%-17%; The barium sulphate of 3%-5%; The French chalk of 8%-10%; The coupling agent of 1.5%-2.5%; The graphite of 4%-6%; The molybdenum disulfide of 1.5%-2.5%; Surplus is bimaleimide resin and inevitable impurity;
More preferably, described short fibre enhancing high polymer comprises by weight percentage: 42% bimaleimide resin, 22% sepiolite fibre, 14% short glass fiber, 4% barium sulphate, 9% French chalk, 2% coupling agent, 5% graphite, 2% molybdenum disulfide and inevitable impurity.
More preferably, described short fibre enhancing high polymer makes through mixing, compacting and curing process.
The particularly preferred embodiment according to the present invention, described stepped construction is stacked on top of one another on vertical direction roughly, and the stacked direction that is to say stepped construction is roughly vertical.Due in train reducer, the friction catch face is roughly to be roughly parallel to rail along the rail direction to arrange, thus the side of the wheel that can butt travels.And as mentioned above thought of the present invention be by be exposed to (butt in other words) thus have elastic material in the stacked side of wheel face and rigid material provides better friction noise reduction effect.Therefore, the stacked direction of mentioning in this article can only be arranged on the direction that is roughly parallel to wheel face, and can not be on the direction perpendicular to wheel face, because if be that the latter can only have a kind of material contact wheel surface and can not realize effect of the present invention.Therefore the stacked direction of the said stepped construction of the present invention of this paper (for example vertical direction, substantially horizontal) all should be in the plane that is parallel to substantially wheel face.
Be surprisingly found out that, by the elastic-friction material block being set and rigidity friction material block in the vertical direction is stacked, can not only effectively increase the damping on vertical direction (being stacked direction), and obtain the improving of highly significant (even with compare along the stacked setting in general horizontal direction left and right) aspect noise reduction, this is unanticipated.
Described supporting structure comprises be used to the pockets that holds described stepped construction.Preferably, the size of described friction catch face determined by the size of described pockets, and for example the size of described friction catch face equals the size of pockets surface area.
More preferably, described at least one elastic-friction material block comprises polylith elastic-friction material block, and described at least one rigidity friction material block comprises polylith rigidity friction material block.Wherein, described polylith elastic-friction material block and described polylith rigidity friction material block are alternately stacked to form described stepped construction.
Preferably, the friction factor of this sintered metal materials is in the 0.2-0.5 scope, is preferably approximately 0.3.Preferably, this short fibre strengthens the friction factor of high polymer in the 0.2-0.5 scope, is preferably approximately 0.3.As mentioned above, by stepped construction is provided, keep plate of the present invention can provide larger total friction factor on stacked direction, therefore the friction material selection of keep plate of the present invention can need not to select extra high friction factor, gratifying total friction factor (along stacked direction) still can be provided, thereby friction eceleration effect preferably can be provided with lower cost.
The present invention also provides the method for a kind of manufacturing according to keep plate of the present invention, comprises the steps: to provide at least one elastic-friction material block; At least one rigidity friction material block is provided; Described at least one elastic-friction material block and described at least one rigidity friction material block is stacked together to form stepped construction on a stacked direction; With described stepped construction is fastened to supporting structure, and wherein, this stepped construction is made the part that is parallel to this stacked direction and consists of described friction catch face or the stacked side of whole friction catch face when being fastened to supporting structure for the pot life, and exposing in this stacked side has described elastic friction block and described rigidity brake pad.
Preferably, this stepped construction limits whole friction catch face.
Described at least one elastic-friction material block preferably has in the 10-30GPa scope, is preferably the approximately modulus of elasticity in comperssion of 13GPa.According to an embodiment, at least one elastic-friction material block is made of organic composite material.
More preferably, this at least one elastic-friction material block is made of short fibre enhancing high polymer.
According to a preferred embodiment, this short fibre strengthens high polymer and comprises by weight percentage: sepiolite fibre 19%-25%, short glass fiber 11%-17%, barium sulphate 3%-5%, French chalk 8%-10%, coupling agent 1.5%-2.5%, graphite 4%-6%, molybdenum disulfide 1.5%-2.5% and surplus are bimaleimide resin and inevitable impurity.
According to further preferred embodiment, described short fibre strengthens high polymer and comprises by weight percentage: 42% bimaleimide resin, 22% sepiolite fibre, 14% short glass fiber, 4% barium sulphate, 9% French chalk, 2% coupling agent, 5% graphite, 2% molybdenum disulfide and inevitable impurity.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, described short fibre enhancing high polymer process mixing, compacting and curing process make.Preferably, described short fibre enhancing high polymer is made by following technique: (i) mix: raw material was mixed in dispersion kneader 40-100 minute, and dry in baking oven at the temperature of 100 ℃-120 ℃; (ii) compacting: rise to 130 ± 10 ℃ from room temperature under 0.5 ± 0.1MPa, increasing temperature and pressure after being incubated 9-11 minute, wherein temperature rises to 180 ℃-190 ℃, and pressure rises to 30MPa-40MPa, the preferred intensification is 2 ℃/min, and then heat-insulation pressure keeping 100-150 minute; (iii) solidify: naturally cool to room temperature in air, be 200-300 minute preferred cool time.
According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, described at least one rigidity friction material block made by sintered metal materials.Preferred described sintered metal materials density is preferably 6.1-6.2 in the 5.3-6.5 scope.
Preferably, described sintered metal materials comprises by weight percentage: at least a in the silica of at least a, the 3%-5% in the tin of≤4% iron, the antimony of 0.5%-1.5%, 4%-8% and the zinc of 2%-4% and the graphite of 7-11%, and surplus is copper and inevitable impurity.。
More preferably, described sintered metal materials comprises by weight percentage: 6% tin, 1% antimony ,≤4% iron, 4% silica, 9% graphite, 3% zinc, and surplus is copper and inevitable impurity.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, described sintered metal materials process mixing, compacting and sintering process make.Preferably, described sintered metal materials is made by following technique: (i) mix: mixed at least 4 hours with fat formula mixer; (ii) compacting: be 600 ± 20MPa at pressure, press temperature is compressing under 10 ℃ of-30 ℃ of conditions; (iii) sintering: made this sintered metal materials temperature rise to first temperature of 300 ± 15 ℃ from room temperature with 20 to 40 minutes, made its temperature rise to second temperature of 500 ± 15 ℃ from described the first temperature with 50 to 70 minutes, made its temperature rise to the 3rd temperature of 860 ± 15 ℃ from described the second temperature with 80 to 100 minutes, and insulation is at least 60 minutes at the 3rd temperature, then naturally be cooled to the 4th temperature of 300 ± 15 ℃, and to room temperature, wherein sintering atmosphere is the vacuum of degree of vacuum≤10Pa to the sintered metal materials forced cooling at the 4th temperature
According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, described stacked step comprise with described at least one elastic-friction material block and described at least one rigidity friction material block on vertical direction roughly stacked on top of one another to form described stepped construction.
According to another preferred embodiment, described at least one elastic-friction material block comprises polylith elastic-friction material block, and described at least one rigidity friction material block comprises polylith rigidity friction material block.Described stacked step comprise make polylith elastic-friction material block and polylith rigidity friction material block alternately stacked (preferably alternately stacked on top of one another) to form described stepped construction.
Preferably, large than in the stepped construction of rolling side near train away from of the described keep plate stepped construction Elastic friction material block that is configured to sail side near train and rigidity friction material block Area Ratio.
Another preferred embodiment according to the present invention, at least a portion elasticity of described keep plate and/or rigidity friction material block structure forming V-shape.
The a particularly preferred embodiment according to the present invention, the stacked direction of the described stepped construction of at least a portion is spent less than or equal to ± 20 with the angle of the linear velocity direction of the train wheel that sails into.More preferably, described angle is less than or equal to ± 5 degree.Although feature of the present invention is not subjected to the limitation of this principle, but think when the stacked direction of stepped construction consistent with the linear velocity direction of sailing wheel into (being contacted Line of contact shown on lamination surface of elastic-friction material block and rigidity friction material block and the linear velocity perpendicular direction of wheel), maximum resistance can be provided and have the noise that significantly reduces, this be because brake pad to pull effect the most obvious, and the interfacial effect of rigidity friction material block and elastic-friction material block is the most remarkable.The position of depending on wheel contact brake slipper, the wheel linear velocity direction of sailing into are generally with respect to train and sail the direction 30-70 degree that is inclined upwardly into.
In addition, the present invention also provides a kind of train reducer, its have at least one according to keep plate of the present invention and this at least one keep plate of start with the actuation mechanism against train wheel.
Description of drawings
Below, describe by reference to the accompanying drawings embodiments of the invention in detail, wherein:
Fig. 1 shows the preferred embodiment according to friction material block of the present invention, and wherein elastic-friction material block and rigidity friction material block in the vertical direction are alternately stacked;
Fig. 2 shows in the pockets of supporting structure that stepped construction according to friction material block of the present invention is accommodated in keep plate;
Fig. 3 shows the supporting structure according to keep plate of the present invention;
Fig. 4 a-4l shows the multiple stepped construction of friction material block;
Fig. 5 shows the train reducer that is equipped with according to keep plate of the present invention.
Identical or corresponding parts represent with same or analogous reference character in each accompanying drawing.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 shows the stepped construction according to keep plate of the present invention, and its rigidity friction material block alternatively up and down on vertical stacked direction by the elastic-friction material block of two rectangular (rectangular strip) shape and three rectangular (rectangular strip) shape is stacked and consist of.Be wherein all the rigidity friction material block in top side and downside, this is conducive to the fastening of this stepped construction.Also be formed with the through hole that runs through up and down in stepped construction shown in Figure 1, its be for fastening bolt pin 10 (specifically not drawing in the accompanying drawings details) thus insertion this stepped construction is fastened to supporting structure 6 (Fig. 1 is not shown), and make elastic-friction material block and rigidity friction material block in stepped construction can not move relative to each other on macroscopic view.To this, it will be appreciated by one of skill in the art that to wheel braking the time, elasticity and rigidity friction material block can exist on thin the sight and move relative to each other, and this is mainly the distortion due to the elastic-friction material block.In an embodiment of the present invention, the stepped construction that is made of elastic-friction material block and rigidity friction material block limits the stacked side (being the right flank of shown stepped construction in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2) of at least a portion of consisting of the friction catch face (being whole friction catch face in the embodiment of the keep plate of Fig. 1-shown in Figure 3).To further specifically describe hereinafter according to stepped construction of the present invention and the stacked side that consists of at least a portion of friction catch face thereof.
Fig. 2 shows the sectional view that structure 6 supported according to the stepped construction of keep plate of the present invention supports and be fastened on it.Wherein, except above-mentioned fastening bolt pin 10, stepped construction also further is fastened to supporting structure 6 by adding fixing bolt 12.In a preferred embodiment, this supporting structure 6 is made by No. 45 steel, but also can be made by other suitable material.
Can see that in conjunction with Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 this supporting structure is provided with 8 fastening bolt pins 10 and 3 and adds fixing bolt 12.It may occur to persons skilled in the art that and more or less fastening bolt pin is set as required or adds fixing bolt.Although preferred embodiment shown in the present by roughly vertically the fastening bolt pin of location and approximate horizontal location to add fixing bolt fastening, being connected and fixed of stepped construction and supporting structure can realize by multiple suitable bindiny mechanism.In embodiment shown in the present, fastening bolt pin had both played and has made elastic-friction material block and rigidity friction material block not can be movable relatively the effect that the stratum stacks on macroscopic view, also played the effect that this stepped construction is fastened to supporting structure.Mainly be to provide this stepped construction is fastened to additional fastening on supporting structure and add the fixing bolt role.
Continuation is in conjunction with Fig. 2 and shown in Figure 3, and stepped construction is accommodated in the pockets 8 of supporting structure 6.As shown in Figure 3, people will understand the size of the stacked side (being also the whole friction catch face of this keep plate simultaneously) that the outer surface of this pockets has been determined to work, and namely the area of the outer surface of this pockets equals the area of friction catch face.
Fig. 4 a-4l shows the various ways of the stepped construction (consisting of the stacked side of at least a portion of friction catch face) according to friction material block of the present invention.For the sake of simplicity, the fastening piece that stepped construction is fastened to supporting structure is stub or to add fixing bolt not shown for example.And Fig. 4 a-4l drawing is shown is at least a portion that consists of the stacked side of friction catch face at least a portion, when making according to keep plate of the present invention, thus at least a portion that the pattern of these drawings can repeat, extension, mirror image, splicing, variation or combination etc. are configured to stacked side of the present invention and friction catch face.
Stepped construction as shown in Fig. 4 a is similar to the stepped construction of keep plate as shown in Figure 1-Figure 3, is on roughly vertical direction stratum alternately folded, and difference only is the number of plies, but it may occur to persons skilled in the art that more or less number of plies.The outermost (being top side and lower side) of preferred in the vertical direction arranges the sintered metal materials piece, so more is conducive to stepped construction is fastened on supporting structure.Alternately to occur along elastic-friction material block on stacked direction and rigidity friction material block in the stacked side of alternately laminated at least a portion that refers to consist of the friction catch face as there is no special indicating as herein described.
Fig. 4 e shows does not have the so preferred another kind of stepped construction of Fig. 4 a (stacked side), and it is alternately laminated along the stacked direction left and right of approximate horizontal.
Other stepped construction (stacked side) has been shown in Fig. 4 b-4d, and itself and Fig. 4 a and Fig. 4 e difference be, these stepped constructions are all lit-par-lit structure (existing stacked on top of one another have again left and right stacked) in substantially vertical and general horizontal direction.Fig. 4 b and Fig. 4 c distinguish and are, Fig. 4 b only in the vertical direction is alternately laminated, and Fig. 4 c is alternately laminated on vertical and substantially horizontal.Fig. 4 d is different from part and is, the friction material block in the vertical direction is less than the size on substantially horizontal, although the stacked side shown in Fig. 4 d is also totally that in the vertical direction is less than the size on substantially horizontal, but it will be appreciated by one of skill in the art that Fig. 4 d for example only shows the part of whole stacked side, in car retarder, keep plate should be that size is larger than vertical direction in the horizontal direction usually.
Fig. 4 f-4h shows has the block-shaped elastic-friction material block of non-rectangle and rigidity friction material block, is totally for example V-arrangement, parallelogram or circular arc.Although this do not have the above embodiments so preferred, falls into scope of the present invention yet.Especially elastic-friction material block and rigidity friction material block are overall V-shaped is particularly advantageous, because this can produce the effect of " wedging " on the V-arrangement top, can enlarge markedly the frictional force on stacked direction.More preferably, described V-arrangement is stacked is that in the vertical direction is stacked.
Fig. 4 i shows the preferred stepped construction of another kind according to the present invention, and it has two kinds of dissimilar elastic-friction material blocks, i.e. the first elastic-friction material block 22 and the second elastic-friction material block 24.This has embodied the significant benefit of the present invention than prior art, and namely keep plate of the present invention has unprecedented flexibility, and the keep plate of varying strength, effect and ability can be provided as required.It may occur to persons skilled in the art that polytype elasticity (or rigidity) friction material block is also feasible.And in Fig. 4 i, the first elastic-friction material block 22 and the second elastic-friction material block 24 are stacked together, but also can under other instruction of above-mentioned stepped construction, multiple stacked mode be set.In above-mentioned stepped construction, elasticity and rigidity friction material block major part are of similar shape, and Fig. 4 j shows another stepped construction, wherein for example can arrange the rigidity friction material block larger than elastic-friction material block as required.
With reference to figure 4k and Fig. 4 l, its can embody well adopt stepped construction can bring the benefit that arranges as required, for example according to the actual conditions of train deceleration, can be so that large than in the stepped construction of rolling side near train away from of the stepped construction Elastic that sails side near train in keep plate and rigidity friction material Area Ratio be in contact with it to produce less noise thereby be under relative high speed at train with larger elastic-friction material.This set for example can pass through, place more in sailing the stepped construction of side near train or (consisting of stacked side) elastic-friction material block that area is larger as shown in Fig. 4 k, and place rigidity friction material block more or that area is larger in away from the stepped construction of sailing side into.Perhaps as shown in Fig. 4 l, friction material block can be arranged to the non-rectangle bulk, thereby in stacked side near and the composition not identical (for example diminish gradually or become large) of sailing the friction material block of side away from train into.
Thus, the present invention illustrates and has described the multiple stepped construction that is made of elastic-friction material block and rigidity friction material block, but this is only for example rather than limit.Those skilled in the art can also carry out multiple change and conversion to stepped construction of the present invention according to specific needs under technology enlightenment of the present invention, this all falls into scope of the present invention.
Now forward Fig. 5 to, show with a pair of train reducer 100 according to keep plate 1 of the present invention.Thereby this train reducer 100 also has the keep plate support mechanism 16 of this keep plate 1 of supporting and is used for the retarder actuation mechanism 14 of this this keep plate 1 of support mechanism 16 starts of start, and this is all known to those skilled in the art.
Example 1
Embodiment according to the present invention 1 is below described, the example 1 of keep plate of the present invention generally as Figure 1-3, this keep plate comprises that two strengthen by short fibre the supporting structure that the rigidity friction material block that elastic-friction material block that high polymer makes, three made by sintered metal materials and No. 45 steel that limit pockets are made.As shown in Figure 1, first and the rigidity friction material block on vertical alternately two in the folded and rigidity friction material block in stratum lay respectively at top side and lower side.As shown in Figure 2, described first and the stepped construction of the rigidity friction material block fastening bolt pin by a plurality of vertical settings be fixed together and be fixed to described supporting structure, the fixing bolt that adds that this supporting structure also has a plurality of substantial horizontal settings further is fixed to this stepped construction on described supporting structure.
In example 1, described sintered metal materials comprises by weight percentage: copper 73%, tin 6%, antimony 1%, iron 4%, silica 4%, graphite 9%, zinc 3% and inevitable impurity.
This sintered metal materials is made by following technique:
(1) mix: mix more than 4 hours with fat formula mixer, until evenly;
(2) compacting: be under 600 ± 20MPa at pressure, be pressed under press temperature 10-30 ℃;
(3) sintering: the temperature control process of sintering process is for to rise to 300 ℃ with 30 minutes from room temperature, rose to 500 ℃ with 60 minutes from 300 ℃ again, rose to 860 ℃ with 90 minutes from 500 ℃ again, insulation is 60 minutes under 860 ℃, and after naturally being cooled to 300 ℃, forced cooling is to room temperature again, and wherein sintering atmosphere is vacuum, degree of vacuum≤10Pa.
Described short fibre strengthens high polymer and is made of following material by weight percentage: bimaleimide resin 42%, sepiolite fibre 22%, short glass fiber 14%, barium sulphate 4%, French chalk 9%, coupling agent 2%, graphite 5%, molybdenum disulfide 2% and inevitable impurity.
Described short fibre strengthens high polymer and makes by following technique:
(1) mix: raw material (wherein the solid content of bimaleimide resin be approximately 35%) was mixed 40 minutes in dispersion kneader, and oven dry 60 minutes in 100 ℃ of baking ovens.
(2) compacting: pressing process is approximately to rise to approximately 130 ℃ from room temperature under 0.5MPa, and warming velocity is about 2 ℃/min, and insulation approximately rises to approximately 180 ℃ after 10 minutes, and warming velocity is about 2 ℃/min, and pressure adds to approximately 30MPa, heat-insulation pressure keeping approximately 120 minutes.
(3) solidify: with the times of approximately 240 minutes in air from temperature approximately 195 ℃ naturally cool to room temperature.
In this example 1, elastic-friction material block and rigidity friction material block all are processed to the rectangular strip of 400 * 16 * 12mm.It will be appreciated by one of skill in the art that can the elastic-friction material block and rigidity friction material block straight forming in material working process go out net shape and size, also can process finished form and size by large material block by various suitable processing modes.
Provide the keep plate of example 1 and the brake rail of prior art to be used for the noise experiment data contrast of train reducer as brake structure in following table 1.Wherein, the brake rail of reference examples is existing conventional 50kg/m rail, and material is mainly u71Mn.Other parts that carry out the train reducer of control experiment are those of as shown in Figure 5 train reducer 100, difference only is that reference examples is with the keep plate 1 in conventional 50kg/m rail replacement train reducer 100, and can understand as shown in Figure 5, a pair of brake structure is from the both sides of both sides while butt wheel.The rail track of this experimental section is straight way, and the train of testing is many trains of marshalling, take c70 type vehicle as main, and small part c60 type vehicle.The laboratory apparatus that uses in this experiment is the B﹠amp of the NOR-840 real-time analyzer of Norway Norsonic company, German Konstanze Bachmann Wayne Kramer company; K4165 condenser microphone and B﹠amp; K4231 sound level calibrator, these instruments are all known in those skilled in the art.Survey the retarder place that the noise instrument roughly is arranged on the hump position, and concrete mounting point on transverse to the circuit bearing of trend apart from station track (upper strand or lower strand rail) center 7.5m, the 1.5m place is above the ground level.Need to prove, the data of listing in table 1 are to adopt two kinds of different brake structures mean value to the measured level of noise of the braking of the train marshalling list passed through in the same time section.
Table 1 has adopted the noise contrast of train reducer under different frequency of different braking structure
As shown in table 1, can see clearly that example 1 of the present invention compares with the brake rail of prior art, maximum noise has reduced 23.4dB.And compared with prior art had especially significantly at the frequency band that high noisy the most easily occurs (as the 2500Hz-6300Hz scope) and improved.
The progress of more than having described a plurality of preferred embodiment of the present invention and compared with prior art having had, but it will be appreciated by one of skill in the art that above-mentioned description should regard as to the invention description rather than restriction, scope of the present invention should by lower attached claims and be equal to the institute limit.
Claims (28)
1. keep plate that is used for train reducer, described keep plate limits the friction catch face on butt train wheel surface, it is characterized in that, this keep plate comprises at least one elastic-friction material block, at least one rigidity friction material block and supporting structure, described at least one elastic-friction material block and described at least one rigidity friction material block stacked formation stepped construction on a stacked direction, this stepped construction limits the part that is parallel to this stacked direction and consists of described friction catch face or at least one stacked side of whole friction catch face, expose described elastic friction block and described rigidity brake pad in described stacked side, described supporting structure comprises for the fastening piece that described stepped construction is fastened on this supporting structure, wherein, described rigidity friction material block is made by sintered metal materials, and described elastic-friction material block is made by organic composite material and has a modulus of elasticity in comperssion in the 10-30GPa scope.
2. keep plate according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described rigidity friction material block is made by the sintered metal materials of density in the 5.3-6.5 scope.
3. keep plate according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described density is in the 6.1-6.2 scope.
One of according to claim 1 to 3 described keep plate, it is characterized in that, described sintered metal materials comprises by weight percentage:
≤ 4% iron;
The antimony of 0.5%-1.5%;
At least a in the tin of 4%-8% and the zinc of 2%-4%;
At least a in the silica of 3%-5% and the graphite of 7%-11%;
Surplus is copper and inevitable impurity.
5. keep plate according to claim 4, is characterized in that, described sintered metal materials comprises by weight percentage: 6% tin, 1% antimony ,≤4% iron, 4% silica, 9% graphite, 3% zinc, surplus are copper and inevitable impurity.
6. keep plate according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described elastic-friction material block has the modulus of elasticity in comperssion of 13GPa.
7. keep plate according to claim 1 or 5, is characterized in that, described elastic-friction material block strengthens high polymer by short fibre and makes.
8. keep plate according to claim 7, is characterized in that, described short fibre strengthens high polymer and comprises by weight percentage: the sepiolite fibre of 19%-25%; The short glass fiber of 11%-17%; The barium sulphate of 3%-5%; The French chalk of 8%-10%; The coupling agent of 1.5%-2.5%; The graphite of 4%-6%; The molybdenum disulfide of 1.5%-2.5%; Surplus is bimaleimide resin and inevitable impurity.
9. keep plate according to claim 8, it is characterized in that, described short fibre strengthens high polymer and comprises by weight percentage: 42% bimaleimide resin, 22% sepiolite fibre, 14% short glass fiber, 4% barium sulphate, 9% French chalk, 2% coupling agent, 5% graphite, 2% molybdenum disulfide and inevitable impurity.
10. keep plate according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described stacked direction is vertical.
11. according to claim 1 or 10 described keep plates, it is characterized in that, described at least one elastic-friction material block comprises polylith elastic-friction material block, described at least one rigidity friction material block comprises polylith rigidity friction material block, and wherein said polylith elastic-friction material block and described polylith rigidity friction material block are alternately stacked to form described stepped construction.
12. a method of making keep plate according to claim 1 is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
At least one elastic-friction material block is provided, and described at least one elastic-friction material block has at the modulus of elasticity in comperssion of 10-30GPa scope and is made of organic composite material;
At least one rigidity friction material block is provided, and described at least one rigidity friction material block made by sintered metal materials;
Described at least one elastic-friction material block and described at least one rigidity friction material block is stacked together to form stepped construction on a stacked direction; With
Described stepped construction is fastened to supporting structure,
And wherein, this stepped construction is made the part that is parallel to this stacked direction and consists of described friction catch face or the stacked side of whole friction catch face when being fastened to supporting structure for the pot life, and exposing in this stacked side has described elastic friction block and described rigidity brake pad.
13. method according to claim 12 is characterized in that, described at least one elastic-friction material block has the approximately modulus of elasticity in comperssion of 13GPa.
14. according to claim 12 or 13 described methods is characterized in that, described at least one elastic-friction material block strengthens high polymer by short fibre and consists of.
15. method according to claim 14, it is characterized in that, this short fibre strengthens high polymer and comprises by weight percentage: sepiolite fibre 19%-25%, short glass fiber 11%-17%, barium sulphate 3%-5%, French chalk 8%-10%, coupling agent 1.5%-2.5%, graphite 4%-6%, molybdenum disulfide 1.5%-2.5% and surplus are bimaleimide resin and inevitable impurity.
16. method according to claim 15, it is characterized in that, described short fibre strengthens high polymer and comprises by weight percentage: 42% bimaleimide resin, 22% sepiolite fibre, 14% short glass fiber, 4% barium sulphate, 9% French chalk, 2% coupling agent, 5% graphite, 2% molybdenum disulfide and inevitable impurity.
17. method according to claim 12 is characterized in that, described at least one rigidity friction material block made by the sintered metal materials of density in the 5.3-6.5 scope.
18. method according to claim 17 is characterized in that, described density is in the 6.1-6.2 scope.
19. according to claim 12 or 17 or 18 described methods is characterized in that, described sintered metal materials comprises by weight percentage:
≤ 4% iron;
The antimony of 0.5%-1.5%;
At least a in the tin of 4%-8% and the zinc of 2%-4%;
At least a in the silica of 3%-5% and the graphite of 7-11%;
And surplus is copper and inevitable impurity.
20. method according to claim 19 is characterized in that, described sintered metal materials comprises by weight percentage: 6% tin, 1% antimony ,≤4% iron, 4% silica, 9% graphite, 3% zinc, and surplus is copper and inevitable impurity.
21. according to claim 12 or 17 or 18 described methods is characterized in that, described sintered metal materials makes through mixing, compacting and sintering process.
22. method according to claim 21 is characterized in that, described sintered metal materials is to be made by following technique: (i) mix: mixed at least 4 hours with fat formula mixer; (ii) compacting: be that 600 ± 20MPa, press temperature are compressing under 10 ℃ of-30 ℃ of conditions at pressure; (iii) sintering: made this sintered metal materials temperature rise to first temperature of 300 ± 15 ℃ from room temperature with 20 to 40 minutes, made its temperature rise to second temperature of 500 ± 15 ℃ from described the first temperature with 50 to 70 minutes, made its temperature rise to the 3rd temperature of 860 ± 15 ℃ from described the second temperature with 80 to 100 minutes, and insulation is at least 60 minutes at the 3rd temperature, then naturally be cooled to the 4th temperature of 300 ± 15 ℃, and to room temperature, wherein sintering atmosphere is the vacuum of degree of vacuum≤10Pa to the sintered metal materials forced cooling at the 4th temperature.
23. method according to claim 14 is characterized in that, described short fibre strengthens high polymer and makes through mixing, compacting and curing process.
24. method according to claim 23 is characterized in that, described short fibre strengthens high polymer and is made by following technique: (i) mix: raw material was mixed in dispersion kneader 40-100 minute and dry in baking oven at the temperature of 100 ℃-120 ℃; (ii) compacting: rise to 130 ± 10 ℃ from room temperature under 0.5 ± 0.1MPa pressure, increasing temperature and pressure after being incubated 9-11 minute, wherein temperature rises to 180-190 ℃, and pressure rises to 30MPa-40MPa, then heat-insulation pressure keeping 100-150 minute; (iii) solidify: naturally cool to room temperature in air.
25. method according to claim 24 is characterized in that, in pressing step, the speed of intensification is 2 ℃/min.
26. method according to claim 24 is characterized in that, in curing schedule, be 200-300 minute cool time.
27. method according to claim 12 is characterized in that, described stacked step comprises described at least one elastic-friction material block and described at least one rigidity friction material block is formed described stepped construction along vertical stacked direction stacked on top of one another.
28. a train reducer, have one of at least one according to claim 1 to 11 described keep plate and this at least one keep plate of start with the actuation mechanism against train wheel.
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| CN106763356A (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2017-05-31 | 北京天宜上佳新材料股份有限公司 | The processing method of friction piece, brake shoe and friction piece |
| CN107325439A (en) * | 2017-07-03 | 2017-11-07 | 安徽真劲智能科技有限公司 | Ventilation dustproof additive is used in a kind of silica gel protected shell processing of smart electronicses product |
| CN111465776B (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2022-10-04 | 日本制铁株式会社 | Brake lining for railway vehicle, disc brake system and sintered friction material |
| CN109513914B (en) * | 2018-11-07 | 2021-06-11 | 北京天仁道和新材料有限公司 | Powder metallurgy friction material, powder metallurgy brake pad and preparation method thereof |
| CN109594434B (en) * | 2018-11-22 | 2020-11-27 | 同济大学 | Pearl layer structure steel rail damper |
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| FR2717874B1 (en) * | 1994-03-25 | 1996-04-26 | Gec Alsthom Transport Sa | Multimaterial disc for high energy braking. |
| CN1095049C (en) * | 1999-08-27 | 2002-11-27 | 西屋气刹车公司 | Brake shoe capable of improving tread |
| US20070151817A1 (en) * | 2005-12-13 | 2007-07-05 | Rfpc Holding Corp. | Railway Vehicle Brake Shoe |
| CN101220841B (en) * | 2008-01-24 | 2011-03-30 | 永克达工业股份有限公司 | Manufacturing process of multiple material disc brake sheet, and multiple material disc brake sheet manufactured by the same |
| CN101493127B (en) * | 2008-10-31 | 2012-12-12 | 贵州新安航空机械有限责任公司 | Copper-based powder metallurgy high speed brake lining |
| CN101805469B (en) * | 2010-04-08 | 2011-09-14 | 中国铁道科学研究院金属及化学研究所 | Wearing resistant material, composite brake pad for braking and method for preparing same |
| CN101975234B (en) * | 2010-10-18 | 2012-07-04 | 常州南车铁马科技实业有限公司 | Train brake lining with adjuster |
| CN201991980U (en) * | 2011-04-12 | 2011-09-28 | 中国铁道科学研究院金属及化学研究所 | Train reducer and brake plate thereof |
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