CN102155505A - Brake plate of train speed reducer and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Brake plate of train speed reducer and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102155505A CN102155505A CN2011100909631A CN201110090963A CN102155505A CN 102155505 A CN102155505 A CN 102155505A CN 2011100909631 A CN2011100909631 A CN 2011100909631A CN 201110090963 A CN201110090963 A CN 201110090963A CN 102155505 A CN102155505 A CN 102155505A
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Abstract
The invention provides a brake plate of a train speed reducer. The brake plate defines a friction braking surface pressed against the surface of a train wheel, and comprises at least one elastic friction material block, at least one rigid friction material block and a supporting structure, wherein the at least one elastic friction material block and the at least one rigid friction material block are laminated together in a laminating direction to form a laminated structure; the laminated structure defines a laminated side face which is vertical to the laminating direction and constitutes a part of or the entire friction braking surface; the elastic friction block and the rigid friction block are exposed out of the laminated side face; and the supporting structure comprises a fastener for fastening the laminated structure on the supporting structure. The invention also provides a method for manufacturing the brake plate and a train speed reducer having the brake plate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method for train deceleration device keep plate and manufacturing train deceleration device keep plate.The invention still further relates to a kind of train deceleration device with this keep plate.
Background technique
Train (mainly being lorry) is disintegrated in marshalling yard is single compartment, and is reconfigured according to the destination, and the compartment of going to equidirectional is incorporated into same track, and row are hung in parallel connection.The compartment that is disintegrated gets off from the free rolling of summit gravitate of marshalling yard, enters the track that pre-sets, and connects with equidirectional other compartments and hangs.For fear of the damage that over-speed coupling brings train, in the process of banishing, need vehicle is carried out speed controlling.Usually, the coupling speed of train need be less than 5 kilometers/hour.The effect of retarder is exactly that the compartment of hypervelocity is slowed down, so that safety connects extension.This retarder is commonly referred to hump decelerator.Hump decelerator normally applies external force by the arrestment mechanism that wherein is provided with to the outside in the wheel and produces frictional force, makes vehicle deceleration.Arrestment mechanism known in the field is not special-purpose structure usually, but selects suitable common rail to be used for braking as required.For example at present domestic widely used retarder is the TJK and the TJY type car retarder of China Academy of Railways Sciences communication signal Research Institute, and directly acting in this retarder and recording parts inside and outside the wheel is brake rail (common 50kg/m rail).Brake rail contacts under the load more than 8 * 104N with the interior outside of wheel, and produces slide relative and friction between brake rail and wheel, to realize deceleration.This friction belongs to heavily loaded dry friction behavior, and sharp-pointed noise is followed and given birth to.And brake rail also is difficult to provide friction factor (intensity) lower, can not realize the effect of well slowing down.
To this, people's such as leaf Xi utility model patent CN201026885Y, CN201026887Y, CN201026888Y, CN201026889Y disclose several and have been used for the keep plate of car retarder.In these patents, keep plate is provided with by multiple fastening means (comprise inlay, welding, fastening piece etc.) and is connected to the brake pad that has on the heteroid supporting structure, and these keep plates that are provided with brake pad can provide bigger frictional force and can reduce noise than existing brake rail.In addition, this application people's utility model patent CN201058612Y also discloses a kind of train actuator that passes through the brake structure of lever principle start train deceleration device.Above-mentioned patent is by reference to include this paper in the mode of this paper non-contravention.
But people still wish further to improve frictional behaviour, the reduction noise of the keep plate of train deceleration device and it can be provided with aspect braking deceleration as required more neatly.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, the purpose of this invention is to provide and a kind ofly can make the keep plate of improvement in the above-mentioned aspect at least one.
To this, the invention provides a kind of keep plate that is used for the train deceleration device, described keep plate limits the friction catch face on butt train wheel surface, it is characterized in that, this keep plate comprises at least one elastic-friction material block, at least one rigidity friction material block and supporting structure, described at least one elastic-friction material block and described at least one rigidity friction material block stacked cambial wall stack structure on a stacked direction, this stepped construction limits perpendicular to this stacked direction and constitutes at least one stacked side of at least a portion of described friction catch face, expose described elastic friction block and described rigidity brake pad in described stacked side, described supporting structure comprises and is used for described stepped construction is fastened to fastening piece on this supporting structure.
This at least one stacked side preferably limits whole friction catch face.
Said elasticity of this paper and rigidity are material propertys well-known to those skilled in the art, elastic material herein and rigid material also are elastic material and the rigid materials on the usual meaning in related domain, and the division of elastic material and rigid material also is known for those skilled in the art.Preferably, elastic-friction material block according to the present invention has in the 10-30GPa scope, is preferably the modulus of elasticity in comperssion of about 13GPa.
By the stepped construction that is made of elastic material and rigid material being set and making at least one the stacked side that exposes elastic material and rigid material constitute at least a portion of friction catch face, make keep plate according to the present invention have the advantage of improved frictional behaviour and noise reduction, the possibility that the keep plate of wanting can be set as required flexibly desirably is provided in addition.
Especially the inventor finds, by exposure at least one stacked side in (thereby in when work also butt wheel) is set, the stacked side of exposing elastic material and rigid material provides on stacked direction than any all big total friction factor of self friction coefficient in elastic-friction material and the rigidity friction material.Only as explaining rather than restriction, configuration according to keep plate of the present invention especially has the friction of increase and the noise that reduces on stacked direction, this is because help to increase damping in the interfacial effect of carefully seeing elastic-friction material and rigidity friction material, and the microcosmic aspect, the energy that molecular chain movement consumed of elastic-friction material also can increase damping.And because the elastic-friction material can produce by the effect of wheel to " pulling " when friction owing to have elasticity, this also can further improve taking turns right braking effect and having benefit aspect the noise control.In addition, because by the stepped construction of elastic-friction material and rigidity friction material is set, distortion when allowing the elastic-friction material and prevent that again the elastic-friction material deformation from having found good trade-off points aspect too many in braking, this had both helped the elastic-friction material and had effectively brought into play rubbing action, prevented that again its premature fatigue damage from influencing working life.
Need to prove especially that at this stacked side of the present invention is meant the side that exposes elastic-friction material block and rigidity friction material block.It will be appreciated by one of skill in the art that, for example for the stepped construction that totally is cuboid shape fast by the rectangle elastic material and that the Rectangular Rigid friction material block is laminated, laminated according to elastic-friction material block and rigidity friction material block, a kind of two sides of material may occur only exposing, other four sides then expose this two kinds of materials.At this, the stacked side of the present invention regulation is not the side that can only expose a kind of material, but exposes one (that is to say the side that can show stepped construction) in a plurality of sides of these two kinds of materials.And the device or the structure that constitute at least a portion of rubbing surface by the side that only exposes a kind of material in the stepped construction can not obtain the benefit that structure of the present invention brings for the train deceleration device.
Preferably, rigidity friction material block according to the present invention is made by sintered metal materials.Because sintered metal materials is more loose, has special advantage aspect absorption or the reduction noise.Preferably, the density of this sintered metal materials is preferably 6.1-6.2 in the 5.3-6.5 scope.
Sintered metal materials preferably by weight % comprise :≤4% iron; The antimony of 0.5%-1.5%; At least a in the tin of 4%-8% and the zinc of 2%-4%; At least a in the silica of 3%-5% and the graphite of 7%-11%; Surplus is copper and unavoidable impurities;
Sintered metal materials preferably comprises by weight percentage: 6% tin, 1% antimony ,≤4% iron, 4% silica, 9% graphite, 3% zinc, surplus are copper and unavoidable impurities.
More preferably, described sintered metal materials makes through mixing, compacting and sintering.
Another preferred embodiment according to the present invention, described elastic-friction material block is made of organic composite material.And more preferably, the elastic-friction material block is made of short fibre enhancing high polymer.
In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, described short fibre strengthens high polymer and comprises by weight percentage: the sepiolite fibre of 19%-25%; The short glass fiber of 11%-17%; The barium sulphate of 3%-5%; The French chalk of 8%-10%; The coupling agent of 1.5%-2.5%; The graphite of 4%-6%; The molybdenum disulfide of 1.5%-2.5%; Surplus is bimaleimide resin and unavoidable impurities;
More preferably, described short fibre enhancing high polymer comprises by weight percentage: 42% bimaleimide resin, 22% sepiolite fibre, 14% short glass fiber, 4% barium sulphate, 9% French chalk, 2% coupling agent, 5% graphite, 2% molybdenum disulfide and unavoidable impurities.
More preferably, described short fibre enhancing high polymer makes through mixing, compacting and curing process.
The particularly preferred embodiment according to the present invention, described stepped construction is stacked on top of one another on vertical direction roughly, and the stacked direction that is to say stepped construction is roughly vertical.Because in the train deceleration device, the friction catch face is roughly to be roughly parallel to rail along the rail direction to arrange, thus the side of the wheel that can butt travels.And the thought of as above being mentioned of the present invention be by be exposed to (butt in other words) thus have elastic material in the stacked side of wheel face and rigid material provides better friction noise reduction effect.Therefore, the stacked direction of being mentioned can only be arranged on the direction that is roughly parallel to wheel face in this article, and can not be on the direction perpendicular to wheel face, because if be that the latter can only have a kind of material contact wheel surface and can not realize effect of the present invention.Therefore the stacked direction of the said stepped construction of the present invention of this paper (for example vertical direction, substantially horizontal) all should be in the plane that is parallel to wheel face substantially.
Be surprisingly found out that, by the elastic-friction material block being set and rigidity friction material block in the vertical direction is stacked, can not only increase the damping on the vertical direction (being stacked direction) effectively, and aspect noise reduction, obtain the improving of highly significant (even with compare) along the stacked setting in the general horizontal direction left and right sides, this is that unanticipated arrives.
Described supporting structure comprises the pockets that is used to hold described stepped construction.Preferably, the size of described friction catch face is determined that by the size of described pockets the size of for example described friction catch face equals the size of pockets surface area.
More preferably, described at least one elastic-friction material block comprises polylith elastic-friction material block, and described at least one rigidity friction material block comprises polylith rigidity friction material block.Wherein, described polylith elastic-friction material block and described polylith rigidity friction material block are alternately stacked to form described stepped construction.
Preferably, the friction factor of this sintered metal materials is preferably about 0.3 in the 0.2-0.5 scope.Preferably, this short fibre strengthens the friction factor of high polymer in the 0.2-0.5 scope, is preferably about 0.3.As mentioned above, by stepped construction is provided, keep plate of the present invention can provide bigger total friction factor on stacked direction, therefore the friction material selection of keep plate of the present invention can need not to select extra high friction factor, gratifying total friction factor (along stacked direction) still can be provided, thereby friction eceleration effect preferably can be provided with lower cost.
The present invention also provides the method for a kind of manufacturing according to keep plate of the present invention, comprises the steps: to provide at least one elastic-friction material block; At least one rigidity friction material block is provided; Described at least one elastic-friction material block and described at least one rigidity friction material block is stacked together with the cambial wall stack structure on a stacked direction; With described stepped construction is fastened to supporting structure, and wherein, this stepped construction is made perpendicular to this stacked direction for the pot life and is constituted the part of described friction catch face or the stacked side of whole friction catch face when being fastened to supporting structure, and exposing in this stacked side has described elastic friction block and described rigidity brake pad.
Preferably, this stepped construction limits whole friction catch face.
Described at least one elastic-friction material block preferably has in the 10-30GPa scope, is preferably the modulus of elasticity in comperssion of about 13GPa.According to an embodiment, at least one elastic-friction material block is made of organic composite material.
More preferably, this at least one elastic-friction material block is made of short fibre enhancing high polymer.
According to a preferred embodiment, this short fibre strengthens high polymer and comprises by weight percentage: sepiolite fibre 19%-25%, short glass fiber 11%-17%, barium sulphate 3%-5%, French chalk 8%-10%, coupling agent 1.5%-2.5%, graphite 4%-6%, molybdenum disulfide 1.5%-2.5% and surplus are bimaleimide resin and unavoidable impurities.
According to further preferred embodiment, described short fibre strengthens high polymer and comprises by weight percentage: 42% bimaleimide resin, 22% sepiolite fibre, 14% short glass fiber, 4% barium sulphate, 9% French chalk, 2% coupling agent, 5% graphite, 2% molybdenum disulfide and unavoidable impurities.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, described short fibre enhancing high polymer process mixing, compacting and curing process make.Preferably, described short fibre enhancing high polymer is made by following technology: (i) mix: raw material was mixed in dispersion kneader 40-100 minute, and dry in baking oven under 100 ℃-120 ℃ temperature; (ii) compacting: under 0.5 ± 0.1MPa, rise to 130 ± 10 ℃ from room temperature, increasing temperature and pressure after being incubated 9-11 minute, wherein temperature rises to 180 ℃-190 ℃, and pressure rises to 30MPa-40MPa, the preferred intensification is 2 ℃/min, and heat-insulation pressure keeping 100-150 minute then; (iii) solidify: naturally cool to room temperature in air, be 200-300 minute preferred cool time.
According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, described at least one rigidity friction material block made by sintered metal materials.Preferred described sintered metal materials density is preferably 6.1-6.2 in the 5.3-6.5 scope.
Preferably, described sintered metal materials comprises by weight percentage: at least a in the silica of at least a, the 3%-5% in the tin of≤4% iron, the antimony of 0.5%-1.5%, 4%-8% and the zinc of 2%-4% and the graphite of 7-11%, and surplus is copper and unavoidable impurities.。
More preferably, described sintered metal materials comprises by weight percentage: 6% tin, 1% antimony ,≤4% iron, 4% silica, 9% graphite, 3% zinc, and surplus is copper and unavoidable impurities.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, described sintered metal materials process mixing, compacting and sintering process make.Preferably, described sintered metal materials is made by following technology: (i) mix: mixed at least 4 hours with fat formula mixer; (ii) compacting: at pressure is 600 ± 20MPa, and press temperature is compression moulding under 10 ℃ of-30 ℃ of conditions; (iii) sintering: made this sintered metal materials temperature rise to 300 ± 15 ℃ first temperature from room temperature with 20 to 40 minutes, made its temperature rise to 500 ± 15 ℃ second temperature from described first temperature with 50 to 70 minutes, made its temperature rise to 860 ± 15 ℃ the 3rd temperature from described second temperature with 80 to 100 minutes, and insulation is at least 60 minutes under the 3rd temperature, naturally be cooled to 300 ± 15 ℃ the 4th temperature then, and to room temperature, wherein sintering atmosphere is the vacuum of degree of vacuum≤10Pa to the sintered metal materials forced cooling under the 4th temperature
According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, described stacked step comprise with described at least one elastic-friction material block and described at least one rigidity friction material block on vertical direction roughly stacked on top of one another to form described stepped construction.
According to another preferred embodiment, described at least one elastic-friction material block comprises polylith elastic-friction material block, and described at least one rigidity friction material block comprises polylith rigidity friction material block.Described stacked step comprises makes polylith elastic-friction material block and polylith rigidity friction material block alternately stacked (preferably alternately stacked on top of one another) to form described stepped construction.
Preferably, described keep plate be configured near train sail into elastic-friction material block and rigidity friction material block area in the stepped construction of side frequently in the stepped construction of rolling side near train away from greatly.
According to another preferred embodiment of the utility model, at least a portion elasticity of described keep plate and/or rigidity friction material block structure forming V-shape.
According to the utility model a particularly preferred embodiment, the stacked direction of the described stepped construction of at least a portion is spent smaller or equal to ± 20 with the angle of the linear velocity direction of the train wheel that sails into.More preferably, described angle is smaller or equal to ± 5 degree.Although feature of the present utility model is not subjected to the limitation of this principle, but think when the stacked direction of stepped construction consistent with the linear velocity direction of sailing wheel into (being that contacted Line of contact shown on lamination surface of elastic-friction material block and rigidity friction material block is vertical with the linear velocity direction of wheel), maximum resistance can be provided and have the noise that significantly reduces, this be because brake pad to pull effect the most obvious, and the interfacial effect of rigidity friction material block and elastic-friction material block is the most remarkable.The position of depending on wheel contact brake slipper, the wheel linear velocity direction of sailing into are generally with respect to train and sail the direction 30-70 degree that is inclined upwardly into.
In addition, the present invention also provides a kind of train deceleration device, its have at least one according to keep plate of the present invention and this at least one keep plate of start with actuation mechanism against train wheel.
Description of drawings
Below, describe embodiments of the invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in detail, wherein:
Fig. 1 shows the preferred embodiment according to friction material block of the present invention, and wherein elastic-friction material block and rigidity friction material block in the vertical direction are alternately stacked;
Fig. 2 shows in the pockets of supporting structure that stepped construction according to friction material block of the present invention is accommodated in keep plate;
Fig. 3 shows the supporting structure according to keep plate of the present invention;
Fig. 4 a-4l shows the multiple stepped construction of friction material block;
Fig. 5 shows the train deceleration device that is equipped with according to keep plate of the present invention.
Reference numerals list
1 keep plate; 2 elastic-friction material blocks; 4 rigidity friction material blocks; 6 supporting structures; 8 pockets; 10 pins; 12 add fixing bolt; 14 retarder actuation mechanism; 16 keep plate support mechanisms; 22 first elastic-friction material blocks; 24 second elastic-friction material blocks; 100 train deceleration devices.
Identical or corresponding parts are represented with same or analogous reference character in each accompanying drawing.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 shows the stepped construction according to keep plate of the present invention, and its rigidity friction material block alternatively up and down on vertical stacked direction by the elastic-friction material block of two rectangular (rectangular strip) shape and three rectangular (rectangular strip) shape is stacked and constitute.All be the rigidity friction material block in top side and downside wherein, this helps the fastening of this stepped construction.In stepped construction shown in Figure 1, also be formed with the through hole that runs through up and down, its be used for fastening pin 10 (details of specifically not drawing in the accompanying drawings) thus insertion this stepped construction is fastened to supporting structure 6 (Fig. 1 is not shown), and make elastic-friction material block and rigidity friction material block in the stepped construction on macroscopic view, can not move relative to each other.To this, it will be appreciated by one of skill in the art that the time elasticity and rigidity friction material block can move relative to each other in existence on thin the sight to wheel braking, this mainly is because the distortion of elastic-friction material block.In an embodiment of the present invention, the stepped construction that is made of elastic-friction material block and rigidity friction material block limits the stacked side (being the right flank of shown stepped construction in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2) of at least a portion of constituting the friction catch face (being whole friction catch face in the embodiment of the keep plate of Fig. 1-shown in Figure 3).To further specifically describe hereinafter according to stepped construction of the present invention and the stacked side that constitutes at least a portion of friction catch face thereof.
Fig. 2 shows according to the supported structure of the stepped construction of keep plate of the present invention 6 and supports and be fastened to sectional view on it.Wherein, except above-mentioned fastening pin 10, stepped construction also further is fastened to supporting structure 6 by adding fixing bolt 12.In a preferred embodiment, this supporting structure 6 is made by No. 45 steel, but also can be made by other suitable material.
Can see that in conjunction with Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 this supporting structure is provided with 8 fastening pins 10 and 3 and adds fixing bolt 12.It may occur to persons skilled in the art that and more or less fastening pin is set as required or adds fixing bolt.Although preferred embodiment shown in the present by roughly vertically the fastening pin of location and approximate horizontal location to add fixing bolt fastening, being connected and fixed of stepped construction and supporting structure can realize by multiple suitable bindiny mechanism.In embodiment shown in the present, fastening pin both played make elastic-friction material block and rigidity friction material block can not relative movement on macroscopic view ground effect stacked together, also play the effect that this stepped construction is fastened to supporting structure.Mainly provide this stepped construction is fastened to additional fastening on the supporting structure and add the fixing bolt role.
Continuation is in conjunction with Fig. 2 and shown in Figure 3, and stepped construction is accommodated in the pockets 8 of supporting structure 6.As shown in Figure 3, people will understand the size of the stacked side (also being the whole friction catch face of this keep plate simultaneously) that the outer surface of this pockets has been determined to work, and promptly the area of the outer surface of this pockets equals the area of friction catch face.
Fig. 4 a-4l shows the various ways of the stepped construction (constituting the stacked side of at least a portion of friction catch face) according to friction material block of the present invention.For the sake of simplicity, the fastening piece that stepped construction is fastened to supporting structure stub or to add fixing bolt not shown for example.And Fig. 4 a-4l drawing is shown to be at least a portion that constitutes the stacked side of friction catch face at least a portion, when making according to keep plate of the present invention, thereby the pattern of these drawings can repeat, extension, mirror image, splicing, variation or combination wait at least a portion that is configured to stacked side of the present invention and friction catch face.
Stepped construction shown in Fig. 4 a is similar to the stepped construction of keep plate as shown in Figure 1-Figure 3, and it is folded to be on roughly vertical direction stratum alternately, and difference only is the number of plies, but it may occur to persons skilled in the art that more or less number of plies.The outermost (being top side and lower side) of preferred in the vertical direction is provided with the sintered metal materials piece, so more helps stepped construction is fastened on the supporting structure.In the alternately laminated stacked side that as not having special indicating, is meant at least a portion that is constituting the friction catch face as herein described, be alternately to occur along elastic-friction material block on the stacked direction and rigidity friction material block.
Fig. 4 e shows does not have the so preferred another kind of stepped construction of Fig. 4 a (stacked side), and it is alternately laminated along the stacked direction left and right sides of approximate horizontal.
Other stepped construction (stacked side) has been shown in Fig. 4 b-4d, and itself and Fig. 4 a and Fig. 4 e difference be, these stepped constructions all are lit-par-lit structure (existing stacked on top of one another have again the left and right sides stacked) in approximate vertical and general horizontal direction.Fig. 4 b and Fig. 4 c difference are that Fig. 4 b only in the vertical direction is alternately laminated, and Fig. 4 c is alternately laminated on vertical and substantially horizontal.Fig. 4 d is different from part and is, the friction material block in the vertical direction is littler than the size on the substantially horizontal, although the stacked side shown in Fig. 4 d totally also is that in the vertical direction is littler than the size on the substantially horizontal, but it will be appreciated by one of skill in the art that Fig. 4 d for example only shows the part of whole stacked side, in car retarder, keep plate should be that size is bigger than vertical direction in the horizontal direction usually.
Fig. 4 f-4h shows has block-shaped elastic-friction material block of non-rectangle and rigidity friction material block, for example totally is V-arrangement, parallelogram or circular arc.Though this do not have the above embodiments so preferred, falls into scope of the present utility model yet.Especially elastic-friction material block and rigidity friction material block are overall V-shaped is particularly advantageous, because this can produce the effect of " wedging " on the V-arrangement top, can enlarge markedly the frictional force on stacked direction.More preferably, described V-arrangement is stacked is that in the vertical direction is stacked.
Fig. 4 i shows the preferred stepped construction of another kind according to the present invention, and it has two kinds of dissimilar elastic-friction material blocks, i.e. the first elastic-friction material block 22 and the second elastic-friction material block 24.This has embodied the significant benefit of the present invention than prior art, and keep plate promptly of the present invention has unprecedented flexibility, and the keep plate of varying strength, effect and ability can be provided as required.It may occur to persons skilled in the art that polytype elasticity (or rigidity) friction material block also is feasible.And in Fig. 4 i, the first elastic-friction material block 22 and the second elastic-friction material block 24 are stacked together, but also can under other instruction of above-mentioned stepped construction multiple stacked mode be set.In above-mentioned stepped construction, elasticity and rigidity friction material block major part are of similar shape, and Fig. 4 j shows another stepped construction, wherein for example can be provided with the rigidity friction material block bigger than elastic-friction material block as required.
With reference to figure 4k and Fig. 4 l, its can embody well adopt stepped construction can bring the benefit that is provided with as required, for example according to the actual conditions of train deceleration, can be so that in keep plate, sail big in the stepped construction of rolling side near train away from frequently of elasticity and rigidity friction material area in the stepped construction of side near train, use bigger elastic-friction material to be in contact with it under the relative high speed thereby be in to produce less noise at train.This set for example can pass through, shown in Fig. 4 k, place more in the stepped construction of side or (constituting stacked side) elastic-friction material block that area is bigger sailing into, and in away from the stepped construction of sailing side into, place rigidity friction material block more or that area is bigger near train.Perhaps shown in Fig. 4 l, friction material block can be arranged to the non-rectangle bulk, thereby in stacked side near and sail the composition of friction material block of side (for example diminish gradually or become big) inequality into away from train.
Thus, the present invention illustrates and has described the multiple stepped construction that is made of elastic-friction material block and rigidity friction material block, but this only is for example rather than limit.Those skilled in the art can also carry out multiple change and conversion to stepped construction of the present invention according to specific needs under technology enlightenment of the present invention, this all falls into scope of the present invention.
Now forward Fig. 5 to, show and have a pair of train deceleration device 100 according to keep plate 1 of the present invention.Thereby this train deceleration device 100 also has the keep plate support mechanism 16 of this keep plate 1 of supporting and is used for the retarder actuation mechanism 14 of this this keep plate 1 of support mechanism 16 starts of start, and this all is known to those skilled in the art.
Example 1
Embodiment according to the present invention 1 is below described, the example 1 of keep plate of the present invention generally as Figure 1-3, this keep plate comprises that two strengthen the supporting structure that the rigidity friction material block that elastic-friction material block that high polymer makes, three made by sintered metal materials and No. 45 steel that limit pockets are made by short fibre.As shown in Figure 1, first and the rigidity friction material block on vertical alternately two in the folded and rigidity friction material block in stratum lay respectively at top side and lower side.As shown in Figure 2, described first and the stepped construction of the rigidity friction material block fastening pin by a plurality of vertical settings be fixed together and be fixed to described supporting structure, the fixing bolt that adds that this supporting structure also has a plurality of substantial horizontal settings further is fixed to this stepped construction on the described supporting structure.
In example 1, described sintered metal materials comprises by weight percentage: copper 73%, tin 6%, antimony 1%, iron 4%, silica 4%, graphite 9%, zinc 3% and unavoidable impurities.
This sintered metal materials is made by following technology:
(1) mixes: mix more than 4 hours with fat formula mixer, until evenly;
(2) compacting: at pressure is under 600 ± 20MPa, is pressed under press temperature 10-30 ℃;
(3) sintering: the temperature control process of sintering process is for to rise to 300 ℃ with 30 minutes from room temperature, rose to 500 ℃ with 60 minutes from 300 ℃ again, rose to 860 ℃ with 90 minutes from 500 ℃ again, be incubated 60 minutes down at 860 ℃, and after being cooled to 300 ℃ naturally, forced cooling is to room temperature again, and wherein sintering atmosphere is a vacuum, degree of vacuum≤10Pa.
Described short fibre strengthens high polymer and is made of following material by weight percentage: bimaleimide resin 42%, sepiolite fibre 22%, short glass fiber 14%, barium sulphate 4%, French chalk 9%, coupling agent 2%, graphite 5%, molybdenum disulfide 2% and unavoidable impurities.
Described short fibre strengthens high polymer and makes by following technology:
(1) mixes: raw material (wherein the solid content of bimaleimide resin is about 35%) was mixed 40 minutes in dispersion kneader, and in 100 ℃ of baking ovens, dried 60 minutes.
(2) compacting: pressing process is for rising to about 130 ℃ from room temperature under about 0.5MPa, and warming velocity is about 2 ℃/min, rises to about 180 ℃ after being incubated about 10 minutes, and warming velocity is about 2 ℃/min, and pressure adds to about 30MPa, about 120 minutes of heat-insulation pressure keeping.
(3) solidify: in air, naturally cool to room temperature for about 195 ℃ with about 240 minutes time from temperature.
In this example 1, elastic-friction material block and rigidity friction material block all are processed to the rectangular strip of 400 * 16 * 12mm.It will be appreciated by one of skill in the art that can the elastic-friction material block and rigidity friction material block straight forming in the material process go out net shape and size, also can process finished form and size by big material block by various suitable processing modes.
In following table 1, provide the keep plate of example 1 and the brake rail of prior art to contrast as the noise experiment data that brake structure is used for the train deceleration device.Wherein, the brake rail of reference examples is existing conventional 50kg/m rail, and material is mainly u71Mn.Other parts that carry out the train deceleration device of control experiment are those of as shown in Figure 5 train deceleration device 100, difference only is that reference examples is with the keep plate 1 in the conventional 50kg/m rail replacement train deceleration device 100, and can understand that as shown in Figure 5 a pair of brake structure is from the both sides of both sides while butt wheel.The rail track of this experimental section is a straight way, and the train that experimentizes is many trains of marshalling, based on c70 type vehicle, and small part c60 type vehicle.Employed laboratory apparatus is the B﹠amp of the NOR-840 real-time analyzer of Norway Norsonic company, German Konstanze Bachmann Wayne Kramer company in this experiment; K4165 condenser microphone and B﹠amp; K4231 sound level calibrator, these instruments all are known in those skilled in the art.Survey the retarder place that the noise instrument roughly is arranged on the hump position, and concrete mounting point on transverse to the circuit bearing of trend apart from station track (go up strand or following strand rail) center 7.5m, the 1.5m place is above the ground level.Need to prove that the data of listing in the table 1 are to adopt two kinds of different brake structures mean value to the measured level of noise of the braking of the train marshalling list passed through in the identical time period.
Table 1 has adopted the noise contrast of train deceleration device under different frequency of different braking structure
As shown in table 1, can see clearly that example 1 of the present invention compares with the brake rail of prior art, maximum noise has reduced 23.4dB.And improvement has especially significantly compared with prior art been arranged at the easiest frequency band (as the 2500Hz-6300Hz scope) that high noisy occurs.
The progress of more than having described a plurality of preferred embodiment of the present invention and compared with prior art having been had, but it will be appreciated by one of skill in the art that above-mentioned description should regard description rather than the restriction to invention as, scope of the present invention should and be equal to institute by down attached claims and limit.
Claims (10)
1. keep plate that is used for the train deceleration device, described keep plate limits the friction catch face on butt train wheel surface, it is characterized in that, this keep plate comprises at least one elastic-friction material block, at least one rigidity friction material block and supporting structure, described at least one elastic-friction material block and described at least one rigidity friction material block stacked cambial wall stack structure on a stacked direction, this stepped construction limits perpendicular to this stacked direction and constitutes the part of described friction catch face or at least one stacked side of whole friction catch face, expose described elastic friction block and described rigidity brake pad in described stacked side, described supporting structure comprises and is used for described stepped construction is fastened to fastening piece on this supporting structure.
2. keep plate according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described rigidity friction material block is made by sintered metal materials, and described sintered metal materials density is preferably 6.1-6.2 in the 5.3-6.5 scope, and it preferably comprises by weight percentage :≤4% iron; The antimony of 0.5%-1.5%; At least a in the tin of 4%-8% and the zinc of 2%-4%; At least a in the silica of 3%-5% and the graphite of 7%-11%; Surplus is copper and unavoidable impurities;
Preferably, described sintered metal materials comprises by weight percentage: 6% tin, 1% antimony ,≤4% iron, 4% silica, 9% graphite, 3% zinc, surplus are copper and unavoidable impurities.
3. keep plate according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described elastic-friction material block elastic-friction material block has in the 10-30GPa scope, is preferably the modulus of elasticity in comperssion of about 13GPa, and described elastic-friction material block is preferably by organic composite material and preferably strengthen high polymer by short fibre and make, and described short fibre strengthens high polymer and preferably comprises by weight percentage: the sepiolite fibre of 19%-25%; The short glass fiber of 11%-17%; The barium sulphate of 3%-5%; The French chalk of 8%-10%; The coupling agent of 1.5%-2.5%; The graphite of 4%-6%; The molybdenum disulfide of 1.5%-2.5%; Surplus is bimaleimide resin and unavoidable impurities;
Preferably, described short fibre enhancing high polymer comprises by weight percentage: 42% bimaleimide resin, 22% sepiolite fibre, 14% short glass fiber, 4% barium sulphate, 9% French chalk, 2% coupling agent, 5% graphite, 2% molybdenum disulfide and unavoidable impurities.
4. keep plate according to claim 1 is characterized in that described stacked direction is roughly vertical.
5. according to claim 1 or 4 described keep plates, it is characterized in that, described at least one elastic-friction material block comprises polylith elastic-friction material block, described at least one rigidity friction material block comprises polylith rigidity friction material block, and wherein said polylith elastic-friction material block and described polylith rigidity friction material block are alternately stacked to form described stepped construction.
6. a method of making keep plate according to claim 1 is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
At least one elastic-friction material block is provided, described at least one elastic-friction material block preferably has the scope at 10-30GPa, be preferably the modulus of elasticity in comperssion of about 13GPa, it is preferably by organic composite material and more preferably strengthen high polymer by short fibre and constitute, this short fibre strengthens high polymer and preferably comprises by weight percentage: sepiolite fibre 19%-25%, short glass fiber 11%-17%, barium sulphate 3%-5%, French chalk 8%-10%, coupling agent 1.5%-2.5%, graphite 4%-6%, molybdenum disulfide 1.5%-2.5% and surplus are bimaleimide resin and unavoidable impurities, preferably, described short fibre enhancing high polymer comprises by weight percentage: 42% bimaleimide resin, 22% sepiolite fibre, 14% short glass fiber, 4% barium sulphate, 9% French chalk, 2% coupling agent, 5% graphite, 2% molybdenum disulfide and unavoidable impurities;
At least one rigidity friction material block is provided, described at least one rigidity friction material block preferably made by sintered metal materials, preferred described sintered metal materials density is in the 5.3-6.5 scope, be preferably 6.1-6.2, it comprises by weight percentage :≤4% iron, the antimony of 0.5%-1.5%, at least a in the tin of 4%-8% and the zinc of 2%-4%, at least a in the silica of 3%-5% and the graphite of 7-11%, and surplus is copper and unavoidable impurities, preferably, described sintered metal materials comprises by weight percentage: 6% tin, 1% antimony, ≤ 4% iron, 4% silica, 9% graphite, 3% zinc, and surplus is copper and unavoidable impurities;
Described at least one elastic-friction material block and described at least one rigidity friction material block is stacked together with the cambial wall stack structure on a stacked direction; With
Described stepped construction is fastened to supporting structure,
And wherein, this stepped construction is made perpendicular to this stacked direction for the pot life and is constituted the part of described friction catch face or the stacked side of whole friction catch face when being fastened to supporting structure, and exposing in this stacked side has described elastic friction block and described rigidity brake pad.
7. method according to claim 6 is characterized in that, described sintered metal materials makes through mixing, compacting and sintering process, is especially made by following technology: (i) mix: mixed at least 4 hours with fat formula mixer; (ii) compacting: at pressure is that 600 ± 20MPa, press temperature are compression moulding under 10 ℃ of-30 ℃ of conditions; (iii) sintering: made this sintered metal materials temperature rise to 300 ± 15 ℃ first temperature from room temperature with 20 to 40 minutes, made its temperature rise to 500 ± 15 ℃ second temperature from described first temperature with 50 to 70 minutes, made its temperature rise to 860 ± 15 ℃ the 3rd temperature from described second temperature with 80 to 100 minutes, and insulation is at least 60 minutes under the 3rd temperature, naturally be cooled to 300 ± 15 ℃ the 4th temperature then, and to room temperature, wherein sintering atmosphere is the vacuum of degree of vacuum≤10Pa to the sintered metal materials forced cooling under the 4th temperature
8. method according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, described short fibre strengthens high polymer and makes through mixing, compacting and curing process, is especially made by following technology: (i) mix: raw material was mixed in dispersion kneader 40-100 minute and dry in baking oven under 100 ℃-120 ℃ temperature; (ii) compacting: under 0.5 ± 0.1MPa pressure, rise to 130 ± 10 ℃ from room temperature, increasing temperature and pressure after being incubated 9-11 minute, wherein temperature rises to 180-190 ℃, and pressure rises to 30MPa-40MPa, preferred warming velocity is 2 ℃/min, heat-insulation pressure keeping 100-150 minute then; (iii) solidify: naturally cool to room temperature in air, be 200-300 minute preferred cool time.
9. method according to claim 6 is characterized in that, described stacked step comprises described at least one elastic-friction material block and described at least one rigidity friction material block are formed described stepped construction along roughly vertical stacked direction stacked on top of one another.
10. train deceleration device, have at least one according to the described keep plate of one of claim 1 to 5 and this at least one keep plate of start with actuation mechanism against train wheel.
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| CN 201110090963 CN102155505B (en) | 2011-04-12 | 2011-04-12 | Brake plate of train speed reducer and manufacturing method thereof |
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| CN 201110090963 CN102155505B (en) | 2011-04-12 | 2011-04-12 | Brake plate of train speed reducer and manufacturing method thereof |
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| EP3726089A4 (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2021-08-25 | Fine Sinter Co., Ltd. | Brake lining for railroad cars, disc brake system for railroad cars using same, and sintered friction material to be used for brake lining for railroad cars |
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