CN102150749A - Animal feed additive composition containing silymarin or derivatives of silymarin and application thereof - Google Patents
Animal feed additive composition containing silymarin or derivatives of silymarin and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an animal feed additive composition containing silymarin or derivatives of the silymarin and application thereof. The animal feed additive composition provided by the invention is used for improving the animal growth, protecting animal liver, improving the oxidization resistance, immunity defense and disease resistance of animals, and improving the meat quality and flavor. The invention also relates to a method for feeding animals and an animal feed containing silymarin or derivatives thereof.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of composition that contains the adjusting animal physiological biochemistry of silymarin or derivatives thereof, also relate to its purposes as animal feed additive.
Background technology
China's animal farming industry has experienced the fast-developing phase, and the research of cultivated animals nutrition and disease is also more deep.The incident that causes aquatic livestock enteron aisle, liver pancreas to sustain damage because of feed substances, disease etc. in the breeding production process takes place frequently, and has influenced the development of animal farming industry.
Milk thistle is the plant of composite family Silybum, formal name used at school
Silybum marianum(L.)Gaertn.Originate in southern Europe, north African, introduced China in 1972, as a kind of medicinal plant popularizing planting that protects the liver.Silymarin (Silymarin) is the active ingredient that the dry fruit of pale reddish brown milk thistle obtains through extracting, making with extra care, its effective component is a Herba Silybi mariani total flavones, main active is legalon (Silybin), Isosilybin (Isosilibinin), silydianin (Silidinain) and Silychristin (Siliehristin), and wherein the activity of legalon is the strongest and content is the highest.Silymarin can improve the effect of liver function, and acute, chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and metabolism toxic liver injury are had curative effect preferably; Also have hepatic cholagogic, anti peroxidation of lipid, radioresistance, antitumor, remove functions such as free radical and anti-gastric-ulcer, be a kind of antitumor natural products of high-efficiency low-toxicity, be used for the treatment of one of main medicine of liver diseases in pharmaceuticals industry.
Summary of the invention
One of the object of the invention provides silymarin or silymarin derivative or the moisture composition of silibin or the purposes that the moisture composition that flies the silibin derivative is used to promote growth of animal of flying.
Two of the object of the invention provides silymarin or silymarin derivative or the moisture composition that flies silibin or the moisture composition that flies the silibin derivative be used to the to watch for animals purposes of liver.
Three of the object of the invention provides silymarin or silymarin derivative or the moisture composition of silibin or the purposes that the moisture composition that flies the silibin derivative is used to improve animal oxidation resistance, immune defense power and premunition of flying.
Four of the object of the invention provides silymarin or silymarin derivative or the moisture composition of silibin or the purposes that the moisture composition that flies the silibin derivative is used to improve meat quality and local flavor of flying.
A kind of in the described purposes can be used for producing animal feed, described animal feed comprises silymarin or silymarin derivative or moisture composition or the moisture composition that flies the silibin derivative that flies silibin, the weight ratio of silymarin or silymarin derivative is 0.0001 ‰～0.05 ‰ in the animal feed, be preferably 0.0001 ‰～0.04 ‰, more preferably 0.0001 ‰～0.025 ‰; (when animal feed comprises moisture composition that flies silibin or the moisture composition that flies the silibin derivative, the weight ratio of silymarin or silymarin derivative is 0.0001 ‰～0.05 ‰ in this feed, be preferably 0.0001 ‰～0.04 ‰, more preferably 0.0001 ‰～0.025 ‰; That is to say that no matter silymarin or silymarin derivative still add in the animal feed with the form of composition with monomer, the weight ratio of finally controlling silymarin in the feed or silymarin derivative is 0.0001 ‰～0.05 ‰ to get final product.）
Also selectable other raw materials such as wheat, corn, soybean, dregs of beans, wheat bran, fine rice bran, cotton dregs, the dish dregs of rice, digested tankage, meat meal tankage, fish meal, yeast, salt, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, mineral matter, vitamin, amino acid, zeolite powder, bentonite, soya-bean oil that comprise of described animal feed, other raw material in the described animal feed can be selected according to the Animal nutrition needs or designed by those skilled in the art; Or comprise the standard animal feed/basic animal feed that is fit to growth of animal.
Five of the object of the invention provides a kind of silymarin or silymarin derivative or moisture composition or moisture animal feed that flies the composition of silibin derivative that flies silibin of comprising, and is used for promoting growth of animal.
Six of the object of the invention provides a kind of silymarin or silymarin derivative or moisture composition or moisture animal feed that flies the composition of silibin derivative that flies silibin of comprising, and is used for the liver that watches for animals.
Seven of the object of the invention provides a kind of silymarin or silymarin derivative or moisture composition or moisture animal feed that flies the composition of silibin derivative that flies silibin of comprising, and is used for improving animal oxidation resistance, immune defense power and premunition.
Eight of the object of the invention provides a kind of silymarin or silymarin derivative or moisture composition or moisture animal feed that flies the composition of silibin derivative that flies silibin of comprising, and is used for improving meat quality and local flavor.
According to described goal of the invention five to eight described animal feeds, comprise silymarin or silymarin derivative or moisture composition or the moisture composition that flies the silibin derivative that flies silibin, the weight ratio of silymarin or silymarin derivative is 0.0001 ‰～0.05 ‰ in the animal feed, be preferably 0.0001 ‰～0.04 ‰, more preferably 0.0001 ‰～0.025 ‰; (when animal feed comprises moisture composition that flies silibin or the moisture composition that flies the silibin derivative, the weight ratio of silymarin or silymarin derivative is 0.0001 ‰～0.05 ‰ in this feed, be preferably 0.0001 ‰～0.04 ‰, more preferably 0.0001 ‰～0.025 ‰; That is to say that no matter silymarin or silymarin derivative still add in the animal feed with the form of composition with monomer, the weight ratio of finally controlling silymarin in the feed or silymarin derivative is 0.0001 ‰～0.05 ‰ to get final product.）
Also selectable other raw materials such as wheat, corn, soybean, dregs of beans, wheat bran, fine rice bran, cotton dregs, the dish dregs of rice, digested tankage, meat meal tankage, fish meal, yeast, salt, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, mineral matter, vitamin, amino acid, zeolite powder, bentonite, soya-bean oil that comprise of described animal feed, other raw material in the described animal feed can be selected according to the Animal nutrition needs or designed by those skilled in the art; Or comprise the standard animal feed/basic animal feed that is fit to growth of animal.
When the present invention comprises silymarin or silymarin derivative or the moisture composition that flies silibin or the moisture animal feed that flies the composition of silibin derivative and is used to raise healthy animal, can promote growth of animal, the liver that watches for animals, improve animal oxidation resistance and immune defense power, improve animal disease resistant power and improve meat quality, local flavor.
When the present invention comprises silymarin or silymarin derivative or moisture flying the composition of silibin or the culture-cycle that the moisture animal feed that flies the composition of silibin derivative is used for letting animals feed, when culturing early stage and being growth period and fattening period mid-term, can preferentially promote growth of animal.When promoting growth of animal in the animal feed silymarin or silymarin derivative weight ratio content be preferably 0.0001 ‰～0.025 ‰.
When the present invention comprises silymarin or silymarin derivative or the moisture composition that flies silibin or the moisture animal feed that flies the composition of silibin derivative and is used for letting animals feed in liver damage or pathology, can priority protection and repair animal's liver.
Be used for letting animals feed when health status descends when the present invention comprises silymarin or silymarin derivative or moisture composition or the moisture animal feed that flies the composition of silibin derivative that flies silibin, can preferentially improve animal oxidation resistance, immune defense power and resistance against diseases.
When the present invention comprises silymarin or silymarin derivative or the moisture composition that flies silibin or the moisture animal feed that flies the composition of silibin derivative and is used for letting animals feed, can improve meat quality and local flavor.
Nine of the object of the invention provides a kind of letting animals feed and promotes growth of animal, and the liver that watches for animals improves animal oxidation resistance, immune defense power and premunition, improves the method for animal meat quality and local flavor, comprising:
(1) prepares silymarin or silymarin derivative or moisture composition or the moisture composition that flies the silibin derivative that flies silibin;
(2) preparation animal feed;
(3) adopt described animal feed to raise described animal.
Ten of the object of the invention provides a kind of moisture composition or moisture composition that flies the silibin derivative that flies silibin; can promote growth of animal; and/or the liver that watches for animals; and/or improve animal oxidation resistance, immune defense power; and/or improve animal disease resistant power, and/or improve meat quality, local flavor.
Usually, the weight ratio of silymarin or silymarin derivative is (when silymarin or silymarin derivative add in the animal feed with the form of composition in 0.0001 ‰～0.05 ‰ scopes in feed, effective content in silymarin in the feed or silymarin derivative, down with), show animal had tangible promotion growth effect.
The present invention finds that the weight ratio of silymarin or silymarin derivative is in 0.0001 ‰～0.025 ‰ scopes in feed, promptly shows animal is had tangible promotion growth effect.
Silymarin of the present invention or silymarin derivative or moisture composition or the moisture composition that flies the silibin derivative that flies silibin can be independent; perhaps mix with standard feed/basal feed; feed continuously in the growth of animal stage; promote Physiological and Biochemical Metabolism process in the animal body effectively; regulate animal growth; can promote growth of animal; and/or the liver that watches for animals; and/or improve animal oxidation resistance, immune defense power; and/or improve animal disease resistant power, and/or improve meat quality, local flavor.
Silymarin (Silmyarin) be meant from the catananche milk thistle [
Silybum marinaum (L)Gaenrt] extract a class flavanonol of gained and flavanolignan's constituents that the phenyl propanoid derivative condensation forms in fruit and the seed.Mainly contain legalon, Isosilybin, Silychristin, four kinds of isomers of silydianin, wherein legalon content is the highest, and liver-protecting activity is also the highest.Legalon, promptly 2,3-dihydro-3-(4-hydroxy 3-methoxybenzene base)-2-methylol-6-(3,5,7-trihydroxy-4-oxo chromene-2-yl) benzodioxane is the off-white color crystalline powder, odorless, mildly bitter flavor are puckery, have draw moist.Be soluble in acetone, ethyl acetate, methyl alcohol, ethanol, slightly be dissolved in chloroform, water-soluble hardly; Molecular formula: C
25H
22O
10, molecular weight: 482.44, fusing point: 164-174 ℃.Structural formula is as follows:
The silymarin preparation method can adopt art methods, as Xu Yong, and Ma Chengfang, Zhang Ronggui; " discussion of silymarin production technology "; China's wild plant resource [J], 1996 the 4th phases; And Zhang Shihang, Wu Zhihang; " preparation of water-soluble legalon and preparation and quality standard "; Pharmacy circular [J], 1984, the 1 phases.The ethyl acetate method of in milk thistle and effective medicinal components research thereof, mentioning, (1) removes oily milk thistle seed meal, extract 5 times with the ethyl acetate hot reflux, each 4h, merging extract, filtration, filtrate decompression concentrate, and get the brown paste, grind soak degreasing 4 times with benzinum (60 ~ 90 ℃), drying gets yellow powder.(2) add methyl alcohol hot reflux dissolving, room temperature is placed, and centrifugal, crystallization is respectively washed 3 times with methyl alcohol and benzinum, and drying gets off-white color crystalline powder, i.e. legalon.
Technology is as follows:
Silymarin of the present invention can be from the plant milk thistle [
Silybum marinaum (L)Gaenrt] middle extraction, also can be to adopt art methods synthetic, or the commercial prod of directly buying from market.
Silymarin is mainly used in the acute and chronic hepatitis of treatment, effects such as cirrhosis and hepatic injury, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, reducing blood lipid, treatment glycosuria in the human body pharmaceuticals industry.Green Tea Extract activity, lipoid peroxidization resistant, the effect of lipotropism oxygenase, antitumor action are mainly as a kind of medicinal application of liver protecting.
Silymarin is insoluble in water and common organic solvents, finds in the research that silymarin absorption difference, bioavilability when oral are low.Water-soluble research for the silymarin derivative has more wide prospect.
Described silymarin derivative is legalon monomester succinate or silibinin meglumine.
Described silymarin derivative is the legalon monomester succinate, mainly be that structure of modification is carried out in the 23-position to the main component legalon 3 in the silymarin, obtain having the derivative of carboxyl, to improve the pharmacokinetics feature of legalon, increase it and water-solublely be beneficial to its absorption.The preparation method of legalon monomester succinate can adopt art methods, as Zhu Lin, and Li Jinzhu, Bian Huimin, Qin Kai, Li Wei; " the synthetic and liver-protecting activity research of legalon monomester succinate "; Asia-Pacific traditional medicine [J], 2009 the 1st phases;
Synthetic method: succinic anhydride, NaOH, the oxolane of certain mol proportion are joined in the round-bottomed flask, after the stirring at room 1 hour, add legalon, continue stirring at room 3 hours, and obtained turbid solution, silica gel mixed sample, after volatilizing solvent, silica gel column chromatography separating purification is used in low temperature drying, with CH
2Cl
2-CH
3The OH wash-out is collected cut, and the pressure reducing and steaming solvent obtains two products, and drying obtains following two kinds of legalon monomester succinates respectively and is: compound 1, be legalon-3, and 23-disuccinic acid monoesters, white solid, fusing point: 115 ~ 117 ℃, molecular formula is C
33H
30O
16, molecular weight is 682, structural formula is as follows:
Compound 2 is legalon-3-monomester succinate, white solid, and fusing point: 169 ~ 172 ℃, molecular formula is C
29H
26O
13, molecular weight is 582, structural formula is as follows:
More than two kinds of compounds be carboxylic silybin derivant; therefore be easy to be made in the water solubility sodium salt preferably; and can be used as antiphlogistic; Zhu Lin etc. have carried out the research of anti-acute liver damage to it; with glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (ALT) level serves as to detect index; the result shows that the sodium salt of two kinds of compounds all can reduce the Serum ALT value that carbon tetrachloride causes the acute injury mouse, shows that it has protection and repair to impaired liver cell.
Described silymarin derivative is a silibinin meglumine, has another name called Seeley guest amine, and chemical name is:
2-(2,3-Dihydro-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-2,3-dihydro-3,5, the meglumine salt of 7-trihydroxy-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one.Molecular formula: C
32H
39O
15N, molecular weight: 677.66, this strain legalon and meglumine be combined into are yellow amorphous powder; Odorless almost, the mildly bitter flavor band is puckery; Have draw moist.This product is dissolved in water, and is molten at methyl alcohol or ethanol part omitted, slightly soluble in acetone, soluble,very slightly in chloroform.Structural formula is as follows:
The silibinin meglumine preparation method can adopt art methods, as Zhang Jing etc. (the pharmacy practice magazine, 2008,26(4): 274-277.) preparation of silibinin meglumine is with refining: legalon and absolute ethyl alcohol are joined in the there-necked flask according to a certain percentage, add hot reflux and make its dissolving, lower the temperature slightly, keep 80 ℃ standby.Other gets a certain amount of distilled water, adds meglumine, is heated to 80 ℃ and makes its dissolving, slowly joins in the above-mentioned legalon solution, is heated to backflow, keeps 10 min.Stop to add thermal agitation, solution is chilled to room temperature, moves into to place in-10 ℃ of refrigerators to spend the night, and filters, filter cake filters with absolute ethyl alcohol and stirring 0.5 h, uses absolute ethanol washing 1 time, in 40 ℃ of vacuum drying 12 h, obtain product, determine that wherein the molar ratio of legalon and meglumine is 1.05 ﹕ 1.
With respect to legalon, silibinin meglumine has good water solubility, good absorbing; the bioavilability height can directly be removed active oxygen, the protection liver plasma membrane; promote to be damaged liver cell synthetic DNA and structural proteins, pharmacotoxicological effects such as immunological regulation and anti-hepatic fibrosis.Scholars such as nineteen ninety Lotteron have reported that in the Mouse Liver microsome silibinin meglumine can reduce CC1
4External lipid peroxidation that metabolin causes and the peroxidation that causes separately by DPNH I.Zoopery shows: this product can increase hepatocellular microsomal enzyme activity, quickens the detoxification ability of liver; Also can reduce the rat blood serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase that carbon tetrachloride causes and increase effect; Also can stablize the cell membrane of various types of hepatic injuries that hepatotoxic agents such as carbon tetrachloride, thioacetamide, mucronatine cause, and reach tangible liver protection.
Composition of the present invention comprises the silymarin or the silymarin derivative of percentage by weight 0.01%～5%, composition preferably comprises 0.01%～4% silymarin or described silymarin derivative, and composition more preferably comprises 0.01%～2.5% silymarin or described silymarin derivative.
Further, described composition also comprises, the white carbon of percentage by weight 5%～15%, and 10%～30% zeolite powder is used to improve the flowability and the homogeneity of composition.
Described composition also comprises the taurine of percentage by weight 0.5～1%; Taurine can strengthen the trans-utilization of liver to fat, can improve the palatability and the digestibility of feed, improves the feed intake of animal and the speed of ingesting, and improves cultivated animals meat quality and local flavor, and body is near natural build.
Taurine (Taurine, H
2NCH
2CH
2SO
3H), claiming taurine, Taurine again, is a kind of little molecule β-sulfur-containing amino acid, is the essential amino acid of cat.In the higher mammal body, taurine can be that raw material is synthetic by methionine, cystine, cysteine.And aquatic livestock mainly comes via the cystine metabolism by the methionine of ingesting; also can directly absorb by bait; taurine common form with free amino acid or little peptide in the aquatic livestock body exists, and is the nonprotein synthesizing amino acid, can not carry out metabolism as energy substance.The physiological function that it is main: participate in the metabolism of the synthetic and fat of cholic acid, promote the emulsification of fat and digesting and assimilating of lipid material (as liposoluble vitamin), liver is had the certain protection effect; Influence the combination and the transhipment of calcium ion, keep and regulate osmotic pressure; Especially can stimulate fish, shrimps to ingest, its sense of smell and the sense of taste are had spread effect.
All the other compositions of described composition are maize cob meal, as carrier.
Described preparation of compositions method is:
1) raw material in the composite formula is pulverized, crossed 80 mesh standard sieves, standby;
Described composition comprises the silymarin or the silymarin derivative of percentage by weight 0.01%～5%,
Described composition also comprises, the white carbon of percentage by weight 5%～15%, and 10%～30% zeolite powder,
Described composition also comprises the taurine of percentage by weight 0.5～1%,
All the other compositions of described composition are maize cob meal;
2) take by weighing each raw material in the composition respectively by prescription, standby;
3) each raw material in the composite formula is added in the mixer mixes, mixture homogeneity reaches more than 95%, and the coefficient of variation≤5% is prepared into composition.Described composition can be used for preparing feed or cultivated animals.
Said composition is with respect to the functional advantage of single silymarin or silymarin derivative:
1) said composition has better flowability, improves the mixture homogeneity of composition in feed, and is easy to operation, and avoided the loss of activity or the reduction that cause in transportation, the storage process effectively.
2) the said composition activity is preserved in storage process.
3) said composition can not cause significant side effects (as the injury to stomach, enteron aisle, stimulate stomach lining and intestinal mucosa, influence animal appetite) to the animal by its nursing.
4) said composition can also improve the feed intake of animal and the speed of ingesting, and makes animal have certain hobby and dependence to said composition, improves the speed of growth of animal and reduces the waste that causes slowly because of the speed of ingesting; Improve cultivated animals meat quality and local flavor, body is near natural build.
5) addition of said composition in feed is in moisture silibin or the silymarin derivative weight ratio of flying; when 0.0001 ‰～0.05 ‰ scopes; have tangible growth promotion effect, using dosage and cost are low, and the protection and the reparation of liver had good effect.
6) said composition can make things convenient for easily and mixes with any standard feed/basal feed, and said composition can be applied in plant extensive, simple and effectively.
7) when health problem (as hepatic injury) appears in animal, promptly said composition can be mixed the back feeding animals with standard feed/basal feed; Also can be with the independent feeding animals of said composition.
Animal of the present invention includes but not limited to aquatic livestock, as fish, shrimp, crab etc., also comprises poultry, fowl, ruminant or the like, but i.e. all cultivated animals.
Can implement the present invention by the moisture standard feed/basal feed that flies the suitable growth of animal of silibin or silymarin derivative or the moisture composition that flies silibin or the moisture composition that flies the silibin derivative of direct hybrid packet; Perhaps, can or prepare moisture composition or the moisture composition that flies the silibin derivative that flies silibin in advance by preparation/purchase silymarin or silymarin derivative in advance, again silymarin or silymarin derivative or moisture composition or the moisture composition that flies the silibin derivative that flies silibin are mixed with standard feed/basal feed, thereby implement the present invention.
The derivative of silymarin or silymarin can effectively be repaired the damaging action of feed substances to parenchymatous organs such as enteron aisle, liver pancreas tissue in the medium-term and long-term use of feed, and health watches for animals.Animal can be under the healthy state; especially relate to that feed substances is digested and assimilated, the function of intestinal canal of immune defense just can be brought into play its effect effectively; can access normal performance for the liver pancreas as the physiological function at metabolism center; thereby demonstrate the effect of parenchymatous organ's tissue health such as effective promotion growth, raising feed efficiency, guarantee cultivated animals health, protection enteron aisle and liver pancreas, can substitute the effect of antibiotic etc in feed.It mainly is wound repair effect to animal organ's tissue, the normal physiological health that relies on animal has been given play to the maximum growth potentiality of animal body self, best defending and fighting against diseases ability, rather than as drug use, the modern notion and the trend that meet green feed additive exploitation, safeguard animal health, produce the animal product of edible safety.
The present invention has the following advantages: (1) silymarin is (being to contain 0.1～50g silymarin or silymarin derivative in the feed per ton) in lower additive capacity scope, can bring into play more effective effect; Show good growth promoting function, improve animal growth rate and reduce feed coefficient, the effective dosage ranges of growth promotion effect is very little, has remedied the prior art deficiency; Cost is low, and effect is remarkable.(2) animal's liver is had good adjusting, protection and repair, pathologic liver is had good therapeutic action; (3) oxidation resistance and the immune defense power of raising animal reduce the toxic action of the generation of MDA to animal, strengthen animal physique and improve the anti-copingability of animal, the outburst and the harm of reduction Animal diseases; Solved the not anti-transportation problem of animal; (4) improve animal disease resistant power and improve animal meat quality and local flavor, make cultivated animals more near natural quality; (5) silymarin is a kind of plant extracts, can substitute antibiotic fully uses in aquatic feeds with short long class medicine, ensureing the edible safety of aquaculture product, safeguard cultivated animals health, is a kind of novel environment friendly, safe, green feed addictive; (6) raw materials enjoy stable sources, production technology is simple, and it is low to add cost, can improve production performance and culture benefit, has good social benefit and ecological benefits.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
Silymarin is available from Xi'an App Chem-Bio (Tech) Co., Ltd., trade name: milk thistle extract, and wherein silymarin content 83.5%, and legalon and Isosilybin total amount are 30%, are yellow powder shape thing.
The preparation method of silymarin: get the milk thistle seed after mechanical crushing, with the oil press oil expression, the seed expelleers oily powder must deoil, get seed meal 500g, each with 1000ml ethyl acetate heating and refluxing extraction 4h, totally 5 times, combined ethyl acetate extract, recovered under reduced pressure ethyl acetate, concentrate is the brown paste, grinds soak degreasing 4 times with benzinum (60 ~ 90 ℃ of boiling ranges), drying, fling to remaining benzinum, get yellow powder shape thing 32g.
Get 32g yellow powder shape material, be dissolved in the 64ml methyl alcohol, reflux a moment, placed 2 in room temperature, centrifugal, crystallization is with methanol wash 3 times, and mother liquor is crystallization once more, altogether white powder material 4g, be legalon.
Embodiment 2
Silymarin derivative---the preparation method of legalon monomester succinate:
In the 50ml round-bottomed flask, add succinic anhydride 0.3g (3mmol), NaOH 0.04g(1 mmol), oxolane 30ml, behind the stirring at room 1h, add legalon 0.24g (0.5 mmol), continue stirring at room 3 hours, and obtained turbid solution, silica gel mixed sample, after volatilizing solvent, low temperature drying is with (100 ~ 200 order) silica gel column chromatography separating purification, with CH
2Cl
2-CH
3The gradient elution of OH(80:1 ~ 40:1), silica gel (GF
254) the thin-layer chromatography detection, with CHCl
3-CH
3OH-CH
3COOH (20:1:0.5) is a solvent, and uviol lamp 254nm detects down.Collect cut, the pressure reducing and steaming solvent obtains two products, and drying obtains 0.15g legalon-3 respectively, 23-disuccinic acid monoesters and 0.12g legalon-3-monomester succinate, and productive rate is respectively 51.8% and 35.3%.
Embodiment 3
The preparation method of silymarin derivative---silibinin meglumine:
In the round-bottomed flask of 250ml, add legalon 15g, add absolute ethyl alcohol 155ml again, be heated to 80 ℃, make the legalon dissolving, and remain on 80 ℃ standby; Other takes by weighing meglumine 6.0g, places beaker, adds 6ml water, be heated to 80 ℃ of dissolvings, meglumine solution is added in the legalon absolute ethyl alcohol, add hot reflux 10min, after reaction is finished, move in-10 ℃ of refrigerators and place 15h, filter, filter cake stirs 0.5h with the making beating of 30ml absolute ethyl alcohol respectively, filters, with 10ml absolute ethanol washing 1 time, in 40 ℃ of vacuum drying 12h.
Obtain silymarin meglumine content through the ultraviolet spectrometer detection and be higher than 96%, efficient liquid phase detects silibinin meglumine content 89%.The gross mass yield is about 72.1%.Get silibinin meglumine 15.5g.
Embodiment 4
The moisture preparation of compositions method that flies silibin or silymarin derivative:
1) with raw material in the composite formula: white carbon, zeolite powder, maize cob meal, silymarin or silymarin derivative (being legalon monomester succinate or silibinin meglumine) are pulverized, and cross 80 mesh standard sieves, and be standby;
2) take by weighing white carbon 50g respectively by prescription, zeolite powder 200g, maize cob meal 740g, silymarin or described silymarin derivative (being legalon monomester succinate or silibinin meglumine) 10g, standby;
3) with white carbon, zeolite powder, maize cob meal, silymarin or silymarin derivative (being legalon monomester succinate or silibinin meglumine), be added in the small-sized mixer of stainless steel (Central-South pharmaceutical machine production) and mix, mixture homogeneity reaches more than 95%, and the coefficient of variation≤5% is prepared into composition.Described composition can be used for preparing feed or cultivated animals.The addition of composition is 0.1% in the animal feed.
Embodiment 5
The moisture preparation of compositions method that flies silibin or silymarin derivative:
1) with raw material in the composite formula: white carbon, zeolite powder, maize cob meal, silymarin or silymarin derivative (being legalon monomester succinate or silibinin meglumine), taurine are pulverized, and cross 80 mesh standard sieves, and be standby;
2) take by weighing white carbon 50g respectively by prescription, zeolite powder 200g, maize cob meal 735g, silymarin or described silymarin derivative (being legalon monomester succinate or silibinin meglumine) 10g, taurine 5g, standby;
3) with white carbon; zeolite powder; maize cob meal; silymarin or silymarin derivative (being legalon monomester succinate or silibinin meglumine); taurine is added in the small-sized mixer of stainless steel (Central-South pharmaceutical machine production) and mixes, and mixture homogeneity reaches more than 95%; the coefficient of variation≤5% is prepared into composition.Described composition can be used for preparing feed or cultivated animals.The addition of composition is 0.1% in the animal feed.
Embodiment 6
The prescription of animal basal feed: according to the air dry matter weight percent meter, comprise fish meal 1-30%, dregs of beans 5-30%, dish dregs of rice 5-30%, digested tankage (or meat meal tankage) 2-10%, wheat (and/or corn) 5-20%, wheat bran 5-20%, fine rice bran 5-25%, soya-bean oil (and/or rape oil, and/or lard) 1-3%, zeolite powder 1-2%, bentonite 1-2%, B B-complex 0.1%, composite mineral matter 0.8%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.8-2.2%, all the other are cotton dregs, and total amount is 100%.
The animal feed that comprises the composition of the composition of silymarin or silymarin derivative or containing silymarin or containing silymarin derivative: namely add silymarin or the composition of silymarin derivative (being legalon monomester succinate or silibinin meglumine) or containing silymarin or the composition of containing silymarin derivative (being legalon monomester succinate or silibinin meglumine) in above-mentioned animal basal feed, addition is controlled at and makes the content of silymarin in the feed or silymarin derivative (being legalon monomester succinate or silibinin meglumine) is 0.0001 ‰～0.05 ‰. The preparation method crosses 40 mesh sieves for respectively each raw material being pulverized, and carries out weighing, mixing, modified, granulation, cooling, air-dry according to aforementioned proportion, described animal feed.
Described B B-complex and composite mineral matter are this area typical additives, and its formula variation does not influence final result of the test in the present invention.The B B-complex of addressing among the present invention and composite mineral matter are with implication is identical herein.
The B B-complex that the present invention uses always is to contain vitamin A in every kg B B-complex: 100～4,000,000 IU, cholecalciferol: 50～2,000,000 IU, vitamin E: 30～120g, prokeyvit: 2～15g, vitamin B1: 5～20g, vitamin B2: 5～20g, vitamin B6: 2～30g, B12:0～1g, nicotinic acid: 5～60g, pantothenic acid: 5～60g, folic acid: 0.5～10g, biotin: 0～0.15g, inositol: 30～200g, vitamin C: 50～200g, surplus is a corn protein powder; The B B-complex addition is 0.1% in the preferred feed.For example one of described composite vitamin formula contains in every kg B B-complex, in vitamin, vitamin A: 2,000,000 IU, cholecalciferol: 1,000,000 IU, vitamin E: 60g, prokeyvit: 5g, vitamin B1: 10g, vitamin B2: 10g, vitamin B6: 20g, B12:0.1g, nicotinic acid: 30g, pantothenic acid: 20g, folic acid: 5g, biotin: 0.1g, inositol: 100g, vitamin C phosphoric ester (35% content): 300g, surplus is a corn protein powder, this B B-complex addition is 0.1% in the feed.
The composite mineral matter that the present invention uses always is that constituent content is in every kg composite mineral matter, ferro element 10～30g, copper 0.2～1g, manganese element 3～8g, zinc element 6～20g, I 0.02～0.1g, cobalt element 0.001～0.12g, selenium element 0.01～0.08g, magnesium elements 10～30g, surplus is a zeolite powder, and the composite mineral matter addition is preferably 0.8%～1% in the feed.One of for example described composite mineral matter prescription for constituent content in every kg composite mineral matter is, ferro element 18.75g, copper 0.4375g, manganese element 3.75g, zinc element 15g, I 0.0813g, cobalt element 0.00875g, selenium element 0.0625g, magnesium elements 22.5g, surplus is that zeolite powder is supplied, and this composite mineral matter addition is 0.8% in the feed.
One of prescription of concrete animal basal feed is: according to the air dry matter weight percent meter, and fish meal 4%, dregs of beans 10%, cotton dregs 20%, the dish dregs of rice 20%, meat meal tankage 3%, wheat 15%, wheat bran 5%, fine rice bran 15%, zeolite powder 2%, bentonite 1%, soya-bean oil 2%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2%, B B-complex 0.1%, composite mineral matter 0.8%.In this basal feed, add silymarin or silymarin derivative (being legalon monomester succinate or silibinin meglumine) or moisture composition or the moisture composition that flies silibin derivative (being legalon monomester succinate or silibinin meglumine) that flies silibin, addition is controlled at and makes the content of silymarin in the feed or silymarin derivative (being legalon monomester succinate or silibinin meglumine) is 0.01 ‰, and feed promptly per ton contains the 10g silymarin.Carry out weighing, mixing, modified, granulation, cooling, air-dry according to above-mentioned formula rate, described silymarin or silymarin derivative or moisture composition or the moisture animal feed that flies the composition of silibin derivative that flies silibin of comprising.
Embodiment 7
Grass carp basal feed prescription is, with the air dry matter weight percent meter: fish meal 4%, dregs of beans 8%, the dish dregs of rice 22%, imported meat and bone meal 3%, wheat 15%, wheat bran 8%, fine rice bran 10%, zeolite powder 1%, bentonite 2%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2%, soya-bean oil 2%, B B-complex 0.1%, composite mineral matter 0.8%, all the other are cotton dregs, total amount is 100%.
The group design:
Four groups of various dose silymarins will be added respectively in the above-mentioned grass carp basal feed, make the weight ratio content of silymarin in the feed be respectively 0.0001 ‰, 0.01 ‰, 0.025 ‰, 0.04 ‰, 0.05 ‰, promptly corresponding gradient is respectively 0.1g/t feed (with " S0.1 " expression, down together), 10g/t feed (S10), 25g/t feed (S25), 40g/t feed (S40), 50g/t feed (S50); The not moisture blank group C that flies silibin is set simultaneously, positive controls D1[is the L-carnitine (50% content) that adds weight ratio 0.2 ‰ in the above-mentioned grass carp basal feed], positive controls D2 (being the quinocetone that adds weight ratio 0.1 ‰ in the above-mentioned grass carp basal feed).
Utilize above-mentioned 7 groups of feeds that grass carp is carried out culture experiment, the culture experiment cycle is 2 months, and putting every tail grass carp average weight specification in a suitable place to breed is about 41g, every group establish 3 parallel, each parallel breed 98 tail grass carp.
Data are handled: all with " mean+SD " expression, the result carries out variance analysis with One-way ANOVA process in the SPSS12.0 version statistical software to test data, and carries out the DuncanShi multiple ratio,
P＜0.05 is significant difference.
The breed result is as follows:
(1) to the influence of fish bulk-growth
The result show each group of silymarin (be S0.1, S10, S25, S40, S50, down with) rate of body weight gain and specific growth rate be higher than blank group C, feed coefficient is lower than blank group C, have between two groups significant difference (
P＜0.05), shows that adding silymarin can improve the speed of growth of fish, has growth promoting function to fish.Along with the increase of silymarin addition, improving 7%～20% aspect the rate of body weight gain than blank group C between each group of silymarin, specific growth rate has improved 5.3%～13.2%, and feed coefficient has reduced by 5.5%～11%.
S0.1 group and S10 organize and compare with positive controls D1 and positive controls D2 respectively, rate of body weight gain, specific growth rate and feed coefficient all have significant difference (
P＜0.05).
S25 group, S40 group and S50 group are compared with positive controls D1 and positive controls D2 respectively, difference that there are no significant between rate of body weight gain, specific growth rate and feed coefficient group (
P0.05), still along with the increase of silymarin addition, rate of body weight gain, the specific growth rate of S25 group and S40 group are higher than positive controls D1 and positive controls D2 respectively.The S50 group is lower than positive controls D1 and positive controls D2 to the specific growth rate and the rate of body weight gain of fish body.
Experimental result shows that silymarin content has significant growth promotion effect to the fish body in the feed in 0.1 ~ 50g/t scope.Compare with similar additive, silymarin content can meet or exceed positive controls D1 and positive controls D2 at 0.1 ~ 40g/t growth result in the feed.Result of the test sees Table one.
Table one: to the influence of fish bulk-growth index
| Group | Initial weight (g) | End heavy (g) | Rate of body weight gain (%) | Specific growth rate | Feed coefficient |
| Blank group C | 41.35±0.09 | 96.35±0.58 | 133.02±1.88 a | 1.51±0.01 a | 1.82±0.01 a |
| Positive controls D1 | 41.59±0.43 | 103.31±0.54? | 148.41±3.89 bc | 1.63±0.03 bc | 1.74±0.06 b |
| Positive controls D2 | 41.28±0.09 | 102.24±0.90 | 147.69±1.65 bc | 1.62±0.01 bc | 1.70±0.03 b |
| S0.1 | 41.31±0.53 | 105.91±0.75 | 156.43±5.13 de | 1.68±0.04 de | 1.62±0.03 c |
| S10 | 41.41±0.14 | 107.88±0.63 | 160.48±2.38 e | 1.71±0.02 e | 1.62±0.04 c |
| S25 | 41.37±0.24 | 104.39±0.59 | 152.31±2.86 cd | 1.65±0.02 cd | 1.67±0.01 bc |
| S40 | 41.27±0.36 | 103.50±0.77 | 150.82±4.06 cd | 1.64±0.03 cd | 1.70±0.01 b |
| S50 | 41.29±0.27 | 100.54±0.42 | 143.53±0.60 b | 1.59±0.00 b | 1.72±0.03 b |
Indicate: different letter representatives have significant difference in the subscript, and same letter is represented there was no significant difference, and significance is α=0.05.
(2) to the influence of fish body liver function
Transamination mainly was present under the normal condition in the liver cell to the enzyme of 2-ketoacid when transaminase was the decomposition of catalytic amino acid oxidase, and the content in serum is also very low.On human medical with serum transaminase vigor size as liver function one of normal important indicator whether.Measure transaminase activity, the result shows: silymarin is respectively organized the serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase activity and is compared with positive controls D2 with blank group C, positive controls D1 respectively, all exist between group significant difference (
P＜0.05).
Silymarin is respectively organized the serum glutamic pyruvic transminase activity and is compared with positive controls D2 with blank group C, there was no significant difference between group (
P0.05), with positive controls D1 have significant difference (
P＜0.05).Glutamic-oxalacetic transaminease activity/gpt activity (AST/ALT) ratio, each group of silymarin all is lower than blank group C, also is lower than positive controls D1 and positive controls D2 simultaneously.
Show that silymarin has regulating action for liver, it is effective to the protection of liver pancreas that regulating effect uses widely commodity to protect the liver the type additive than existing market.Result of the test sees Table two.
Table two: to the influence of fish body liver function index
| Group | Glutamic-oxalacetic transaminease AST(U/mL) | Glutamic-pyruvic transaminase ALT(U/mL) | AST/ALT |
| Blank group C | 41.44±1.35 a | 63.23±4.03 a | 0.66 |
| Positive controls D1 | 56.47±8.78 b | 71.30±1.92 b | 0.79 |
| Positive controls D2 | 37.44±3.38 a | 65.13±3.54 a | 0.57 |
| S0.1 | 25.83±2.76 c | 64.07±1.55 a | 0.40 |
| S10 | 20.47±2.20 c | 62.18±1.25 a | 0.33 |
| S25 | 20.75±1.66 c | 63.19±0.51 a | 0.33 |
| S40 | 27.40±1.58 c | 64.07±0.51 a | 0.43 |
| S50 | 22.82±1.46 c | 60.59±1.51 a | 0.38 |
Indicate: different letter representatives have significant difference in the subscript, and same letter is represented there was no significant difference, and significance is α=0.05.
(3) to the influence of fish body oxidation resistance and MDA
Fish belong to the low alternating temperature vertebrate of waiting, and its specific immune response ability is low relatively, and therefore, nospecific immunity is significant in its immune defense.TAC, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase reflection body antioxidant capacity and immune defense ability.Lysozyme is a kind of non-specific humoral immunity factor, extensively be present in fish body surface mucus, enteron aisle mucus, serum and the macrophage, its activity change can reflect the variation of fish non-specific immunity, and promptly the bacteriolyze enzymatic activity raises, and the non-specific immune function of fish strengthens.MDA is the oxidation end-product after biological interior free yl acts on lipid generation peroxidization, has cytotoxicity.
TAC, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase are measured, be the results are shown in Table three.Silymarin each the group aspect TAC, the activity of glutathione peroxidase all and have between blank group C significant difference (
P＜0.05).
S10, S25, S40, the superoxide dismutase activity of S50 group and blank group C have significant difference (
P＜0.05), and S0.1 group and blank group C superoxide dismutase activity there was no significant difference (
P0.05), but the S0.1 superoxide dismutase activity is higher than blank group C.
The lysozyme activity result shows that each group of silymarin, positive controls D1 and positive controls D2 lysozyme activity all are higher than blank group C, difference that still there are no significant between each group (
P0.05).Silymarin can improve fish body lysozyme activity, strengthens the immune defense function of fish body.
Lipid peroxidation product MDA result shows, each group of silymarin and blank group C mda content have significant otherness (
P＜0.05), silymarin is respectively organized mda content and significantly is lower than blank group C.S0.1, S10, S50 group mda content is lower than positive controls D1, and have significant difference (
P＜0.05).S25 and S40 group mda content and positive controls D1 are approaching, but respectively with positive controls D1 there was no significant difference (
P0.05).Silymarin each the group compare with positive controls D2, silymarin is respectively organized mda content and all is lower than positive controls D2, and the two have significant difference (
P＜0.05).Show that silymarin can significantly reduce mda content in the serum, reduce the damaging action of lipid peroxidation product body.
The silymarin group of different additions is to be higher than blank group C at superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase activity, TAC and lysozyme activity, is higher than or near positive controls D1 and positive controls D2.For the serum mda content, the silymarin group of different additions is lower than blank group C, is lower than simultaneously or near positive controls D1 and positive controls D2.
Show that adding silymarin can improve the oxidation resistance of body and reduce MDA, improve the immune defense ability of body, strengthen premunition.Each group of the addition of different silymarins is compared with positive controls D2 with positive controls D1, and the action effect of bringing into play in comparing the few additive scope is more obvious.
Table three: to the influence of fish body anti-oxidation function
Indicate: different letter representatives have significant difference in the subscript, and same letter is represented there was no significant difference, and significance is α=0.05.
(4) to the influence of fish bodily form body and meat quality
The coefficient of condition of fish body, the body (seeing Table four) of body length/height ratio and internal organ index reflection fish body.Coefficient of condition is represented the ratio of long cube of the body weight of fish body and body.The result show silymarin each the group and blank group C between the coefficient of condition there was no significant difference (
P0.05), but the coefficient of condition of each group of silymarin is higher than blank to group C.S0.1, S10, S25, S40 group fish body internal organ exponential sum body length/height compare respectively and all do not have between blank group C, positive controls D1 and positive controls D2 significant difference (
P0.05), the internal organ index of S50 is lower than blank group C, and S50 body length/height is than then being higher than blank group C.The internal organ index reduces, and the edible ratio of fish body improves, and for consumers, it is very useful increasing edible part.
Nutritional labeling influence (seeing Table five) to the fish body.The result shows that each group of silymarin compares with blank group C, and along with the increase of silymarin addition, the moisture of muscle is reducing, and the crude protein composition is the trend of increase, and crude fat then presents the trend of reduction.Silymarin group S0.1 group muscle moisture and blank group C exist significant difference (
P＜0.05), and crude protein and crude fat difference not significantly (
P0.05).Exist between the crude protein of silymarin group S50 group muscle and blank group C significant difference (
P＜0.05).Moisture, crude protein and the crude fat of full fish between each group there was no significant difference (
P0.05).
Increase along with the silymarin addition, the internal organ index reduces, edible ratio increases, and the crude protein composition of muscle increases, can improve the deposition of nutriment, nutritional quality tool for the fish body has some improvement, and can reach the requirement of marketing fish aspect fish body build and the body weight.This significantly reduces the internal organ index to changing meat, the build of intensive culture fish, and the edible ratio that improves fish has good effect.Show that adding silymarin can improve flesh of fish meat quality and local flavor.
Table four: to the influence of fish bodily form body index
| Group | Coefficient of condition % | Internal organ index (%) | Body length/height ratio |
| Blank group C | 1.67±0.33 | 9.03±1.62 ab | 4.82±0.33 ab |
| Positive controls D1 | 1.82±0.09 | 10.10±0.99 a | 4.72±0.15 ab |
| Positive controls D2 | 1.83±0.07 | 9.19±0.75 ab | 4.66±0.13 a |
| S0.1 | 1.73±0.21 | 10.12±0.95 a | 4.75±0.20 a |
| S10 | 1.81±0.09 | 10.14±0.97 a | 4.73±0.12 a |
| S25 | 1.83±0.14 | 9.70±1.16 ab | 4.72±0.23 a |
| S40 | 1.79±0.08 | 9.83±1.22 ab | 4.82±0.16 ab |
| S50 | 1.77±0.09 | 8.64±0.75 b | 4.96±0.31 b |
Indicate: different letter representatives have significant difference in the subscript, and same letter is represented there was no significant difference, and significance is α=0.05.
Table five: to the influence (% dry) of fish body composition
Indicate: different letter representatives have significant difference in the subscript, and same letter is represented there was no significant difference, and significance is α=0.05.
Embodiment 8
Prepare moisture silibin composition or the moisture silibin derivative composition that flies of flying:
(1) with silymarin or silymarin derivative (being legalon monomester succinate or silibinin meglumine), white carbon, zeolite powder, maize cob meal are pulverized, and cross 80 mesh standard sieves, and be standby;
(2) take by weighing silymarin or silymarin derivative (being legalon monomester succinate or silibinin meglumine) 10g respectively, white carbon 100g, zeolite powder 150g, maize cob meal 740g, standby.
(3) above-mentioned raw materials is added in the small-sized mixer of stainless steel (Central-South pharmaceutical machine production) and mixes, be prepared into and contain effective silymarin or silymarin derivative (being legalon monomester succinate or silibinin meglumine) 10g in the per kilogram composition.Composition in the feed adds according to 0.1%.
Carp basal feed prescription proportion of composing calculates with the air dry matter percentage by weight and is: wheat 18%, rice bran 20%, dregs of beans 15%, the dish dregs of rice 15%, digested tankage 5%, fish meal 5%, soya-bean oil 2%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2%, bentonite 2%, B B-complex 0.1%, composite mineral matter 0.8%, all the other are cotton dregs 15%.Each raw material all need be pulverized behind 40 orders standby during preparation.
The carp feed that contains silymarin derivative (legalon monomester succinate) is for adding the above-mentioned moisture composition that flies silibin derivative (legalon monomester succinate) in above-mentioned carp basal feed prescription, making the effective content of silymarin derivative in the carp feed per ton (legalon monomester succinate) is 10g, makes feed by this area common method again.
Utilize above-mentioned carp basal feed and the above-mentioned moisture carp feed that flies silibin derivative (legalon monomester succinate) to carry out the carp culture test respectively in the area, Tangshan.The carp of above-mentioned basal feed of throwing something and feeding is called for short " J group ", and the above-mentioned moisture carp that flies silibin derivative (legalon monomester succinate) feed of throwing something and feeding is called for short SH and organizes.Throw in about carp seed size average out to 100g for two groups, culturing time is 6 months, and the pond area respectively is 10 mu.
Regularly dissect the fish body in the breeding process and check, found that, the SH group is compared with the J group, the former does not have illness outbreak the whole culture-cycle substantially, dissects fish body internal organ and observes, and enteron aisle is normal, liver pancreas color is normal, scarlet, elastic force is good, fat-free liver and liver fibrosis phenomenon, and epidermal mucus is abundant.
Culture to finish, find that the SH group compares with the J group, the former fish body coefficient of condition height, physique are good, muscle tight ness rating height, and fat content is low, the hemorrhage phenomena of mortality of no irritability, anti-long-distance transport, the average specification of carp reaches about 1.0kg; SH group feed coefficient is 1.5, has reduced by 0.2 than J group feed coefficient.The SH group is compared with the J group, and the former cultures the per kilogram carp can save 0.8 yuan of feed cost, has reduced aquaculture cost, has improved raiser's economic benefit; Reduce feedstuff feeding amount and waste simultaneously, reduce water body elimination of nitrogen and environmental pollution; Fish body premunition improves, and drug dose reduces greatly, has improved social benefit and ecological benefits.
Embodiment 9:
Prepare moisture silibin composition or the moisture silibin derivative composition that flies of flying:
(1) with silymarin or silymarin derivative (being legalon monomester succinate or silibinin meglumine), white carbon, zeolite powder, maize cob meal are pulverized, and cross 80 mesh standard sieves, and be standby;
(2) take by weighing silymarin or silymarin derivative (being legalon monomester succinate or silibinin meglumine) 25g respectively, white carbon 100g, zeolite powder 200g, maize cob meal 675g, standby.
(3) above-mentioned raw materials is added in the small-sized mixer of stainless steel (Central-South pharmaceutical machine production) and mixes, mixture homogeneity reaches more than 95%, the coefficient of variation≤5%.Be prepared into and contain effective silymarin or silymarin derivative (being legalon monomester succinate or silibinin meglumine) 25g in the per kilogram composition.Composition in the feed adds according to 0.1%.
Grass carp basal feed prescription proportion of composing is counted with the air dry matter percentage by weight: corn 8%, wheat bran 20%, rice bran 10%, malt root 6%, dregs of beans 15%, cotton dregs 15%, the dish dregs of rice 15%, digested tankage 2%, fish meal 2%, soya-bean oil 2%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2%, bentonite 2%, B B-complex 0.1%, composite mineral matter 0.8%, after wherein raw materials used need were pulverized 40 orders, through modified, granulation, cooling, the air-dry grass carp basal feed of making.
The feed of grass carp that contains silymarin derivative (silibinin meglumine) is for adding the above-mentioned moisture composition that flies silibin derivative (silibinin meglumine) in above-mentioned grass carp basal feed prescription, the effective content that makes silymarin derivative (silibinin meglumine) in the feed of grass carp per ton is 25g, after wherein raw materials used need were pulverized 40 orders, through modified, granulation, cooling, the air-dry feed of grass carp that contains silymarin derivative (silibinin meglumine) of making.
Employing contains the feed of grass carp that this example contains silymarin derivative (silibinin meglumine), carry out culture experiment in Liaoning Soils in Yingkou District, 5 mu of pond cultures 170 days are about stocking size 100g, in the breeding process fish body is checked, found that fish body anti-stress ability is strong, the epidermal mucus secretion is normal, dissects internal organ and finds that liver pancreas color is scarlet, flexible, enteron aisle intestines wall thickness, no enteritis symptom, it is normal to ingest.After culturing end then, the average specification of grass carp reaches the 1.6kg/ tail, fish body coefficient of condition reaches 2.1, fish body premunition improves, and cultures survival rate and reaches more than 88%, cultures the composition motility rate than present embodiment grass carp basal feed and has improved 18%, feed coefficient has reduced by 0.2, save 0.32 yuan/jin of feed cost, culture dosage and reduce, ensured the security of aquatic products.
Embodiment 10:
Prepare moisture silibin composition or the moisture silibin derivative composition that flies of flying:
(1) with silymarin or silymarin derivative (being legalon monomester succinate or silibinin meglumine), taurine, white carbon, zeolite powder, maize cob meal are pulverized, and cross 80 mesh standard sieves, and be standby;
(2) take by weighing silymarin or silymarin derivative (being legalon monomester succinate or silibinin meglumine) 25g respectively, taurine 5g, white carbon 100g, zeolite powder 200g, maize cob meal 670g, standby.
(3) above-mentioned raw materials is added in the small-sized mixer of stainless steel (Central-South pharmaceutical machine production) and mixes, mixture homogeneity reaches more than 95%, and the coefficient of variation≤5% is prepared composition.Be prepared into and contain effective silymarin or silymarin derivative (being legalon monomester succinate or silibinin meglumine) 25g in the per kilogram composition.Composition in the feed adds according to 0.1%.
Penaeus Vannmei is prepared with basal feed: fish meal 23%, globulin powder 3%, flour 20%, peanut meal 22%, fish oil 1%, phosphatide oil 1.5%, cuttlefish cream 4%, shrimp shell meal 4%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2.2%, B B-complex 0.1%, composite mineral matter 0.8%, adhesive 0.5%, surplus is a dregs of beans, each raw material is made prawn after through modified, slaking, granulation, air-dry, cooling and is used for culturing with basal feed, and the prawn of culturing with this basal feed is made as the blank group.
The shrimp that comprises the composition that contains silymarin or silymarin derivative is prepared with feed: add the above-mentioned composition 0.1% that contains silymarin derivative (silibinin meglumine) above-mentioned shrimp on basal feed prescription basis, each raw material is made shrimp through modified, slaking, granulation, cooling, after air-dry and is used for culturing with feed, and the prawn of culturing with this feed is made as test group.
Adopt above-mentioned two kinds of feeds to carry out the high density Penaeus Vannmei in area, Hangu, Tianjin and culture, in the breeding process, test group is compared with the blank group, and the death rate of prawn obviously reduces, and survival rate has improved 20% than blank group breed group.The test group prawn ingests in the process, and the speed of ingesting improves, and prawn can all ingest to the bait of throwing something and feeding about 30min, and the feed waste amount reduces by 5%, and raiser's culture benefit improves.Go out shrimp September, average specification per jin is about 25 tails, and the listing specification is bigger, and build is good.
Embodiment 11
The moisture preparation of compositions method of silibin or silymarin derivative that flies is with embodiment 4.
Described composite formula is white carbon 150g, zeolite powder 300g, maize cob meal 500g, silymarin or described silymarin derivative (being legalon monomester succinate or silibinin meglumine) 50g.
Embodiment 12
The moisture preparation of compositions method of silibin or silymarin derivative that flies is with embodiment 4.
Described composite formula is white carbon 100g, zeolite powder 100g, maize cob meal 760g, silymarin or described silymarin derivative (being legalon monomester succinate or silibinin meglumine) 40g.
Embodiment 13
The moisture preparation of compositions method of silibin or silymarin derivative that flies is with embodiment 4.
Described composite formula is white carbon 50g, zeolite powder 200g, maize cob meal 725g, silymarin or described silymarin derivative (being legalon monomester succinate or silibinin meglumine) 25g.
Embodiment 14
The moisture preparation of compositions method of silibin or silymarin derivative that flies is with embodiment 5.
Described composite formula is white carbon 150g, zeolite powder 300g, maize cob meal 490g, silymarin or described silymarin derivative (being legalon monomester succinate or silibinin meglumine) 50g, taurine 10g.
Embodiment 15
The moisture preparation of compositions method of silibin or silymarin derivative that flies is with embodiment 5.
Described composite formula is white carbon 100g, zeolite powder 100g, maize cob meal 752g, silymarin or described silymarin derivative (being legalon monomester succinate or silibinin meglumine) 40g, taurine 8g.
Embodiment 16
The moisture preparation of compositions method of silibin or silymarin derivative that flies is with embodiment 5.
Described composite formula is white carbon 50g, zeolite powder 200g, maize cob meal 720g, silymarin or described silymarin derivative (being legalon monomester succinate or silibinin meglumine) 25g, taurine 5g.
Claims (21)
1. silymarin or silymarin derivative or the moisture composition of silibin or the purposes that the moisture composition that flies the silibin derivative is used to promote growth of animal of flying.
2. silymarin or silymarin derivative or the moisture composition that flies silibin or the moisture composition that flies the silibin derivative purposes of liver that is used to watch for animals.
3. silymarin or silymarin derivative or the moisture composition of silibin or the purposes that the moisture composition that flies the silibin derivative is used to improve animal oxidation resistance, immune defense power and premunition of flying.
4. silymarin or silymarin derivative or the moisture composition of silibin or the purposes that the moisture composition that flies the silibin derivative is used to improve animal meat quality and local flavor of flying.
5. according to the arbitrary described purposes of claim 1～4, it is characterized in that described composition comprises the silymarin or the silymarin derivative of percentage by weight 0.01%～5%.
6. according to the arbitrary described purposes of claim 1～4, it is characterized in that described silymarin derivative is legalon monomester succinate or silibinin meglumine.
7. according to the arbitrary described purposes of claim 1～4, it is characterized in that, be used for producing the feed of described animal.
8. purposes according to claim 7 is characterized in that, the weight ratio of silymarin or silymarin derivative is 0.0001 ‰～0.05 ‰ in the feed of described animal.
9. a feed that promotes the feed of growth of animal or the liver that watches for animals or improve the feed of animal oxidation resistance, immune defense power, premunition or improve the feed of animal meat quality and local flavor; it is characterized in that, wherein comprise silymarin or silymarin derivative or moisture composition or the moisture composition that flies the silibin derivative that flies silibin.
10. animal feed according to claim 9 is characterized in that, described composition comprises the silymarin or the silymarin derivative of percentage by weight 0.01%～5%.
11. animal feed according to claim 9 is characterized in that, described composition comprises the white carbon of percentage by weight 5%～15%, 10%～30% zeolite powder.
12. animal feed according to claim 10 is characterized in that, described composition comprises the taurine of percentage by weight 0.5～1%.
13. animal feed according to claim 9 is characterized in that, wherein the weight ratio of silymarin or silymarin derivative is 0.0001 ‰～0.05 ‰.
14., it is characterized in that described silymarin derivative is legalon monomester succinate or silibinin meglumine according to the arbitrary described animal feed of claim 9～13.
15. according to the arbitrary described animal feed of claim 9～13, it is characterized in that described animal feed comprises wheat, corn, soybean, dregs of beans, wheat bran, fine rice bran, cotton dregs, the dish dregs of rice, digested tankage, meat meal tankage, fish meal, yeast, salt, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, mineral matter, vitamin, amino acid, zeolite powder, bentonite, soya-bean oil.
16. a letting animals feed also promotes growth of animal, the liver that watches for animals improves animal oxidation resistance, immune defense power and premunition, improves the method for animal meat quality and local flavor, it is characterized in that, comprising:
(1) prepares silymarin or silymarin derivative or moisture composition or the moisture composition that flies the silibin derivative that flies silibin;
(2) preparation animal feed;
(3) adopt described animal feed to raise described animal.
17. a moisture composition or a moisture composition that flies the silibin derivative that flies silibin is characterized in that, promotes growth of animal; and/or the liver that watches for animals; and/or improve animal oxidation resistance, immune defense power, and/or improve animal disease resistant power, and/or improve meat quality, local flavor.
18. composition according to claim 17 is characterized in that, described composition comprises the silymarin or the silymarin derivative of percentage by weight 0.01%～5%.
19. composition according to claim 17 is characterized in that, described composition comprises the white carbon of percentage by weight 5%～15%, 10%～30% zeolite powder.
20. composition according to claim 19 is characterized in that, described composition comprises the taurine of percentage by weight 0.5～1%.
21., it is characterized in that described silymarin derivative is legalon monomester succinate or silibinin meglumine according to the arbitrary described composition of claim 17～20.
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| CN2011100554189A CN102150749A (en) | 2011-03-09 | 2011-03-09 | Animal feed additive composition containing silymarin or derivatives of silymarin and application thereof |
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| CN2011100554189A CN102150749A (en) | 2011-03-09 | 2011-03-09 | Animal feed additive composition containing silymarin or derivatives of silymarin and application thereof |
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| CN201210236905XA Division CN102860415A (en) | 2011-03-09 | 2011-03-09 | Composition containing silymarin or derivative of silymarin and applications |
| CN201210236948.8A Division CN102860416B (en) | 2011-03-09 | 2011-03-09 | Composition containing silymarin or derivatives of silymarin and application of composition for protection of animal livers |
| CN2012102415062A Division CN102845605A (en) | 2011-03-09 | 2011-03-09 | Composition containing silymarin or its derivative and application of improving animal oxidation resistance |
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| CN104431368A (en) * | 2014-12-15 | 2015-03-25 | 中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所 | Compound feed additive for promoting healthy growth of fishes and preparation method |
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| CN106490370A (en) * | 2016-12-16 | 2017-03-15 | 万旻 | A kind of biological feedstuff for improving meat quality |
| CN107095866A (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2017-08-29 | 华中农业大学 | Application of the silymarin in animal zearalenone genotoxicity is alleviated |
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| CN102845592A (en) * | 2012-06-06 | 2013-01-02 | 江苏大学 | Method for producing bio-protein feedstuff through solid-state fermentation of dreg silybum marianum dreg |
| CN102754746B (en) * | 2012-06-26 | 2013-08-14 | 格特生物制药（天津）有限公司 | Feed for supplementing calcium for fox, raccoon dog and marten |
| CN102754746A (en) * | 2012-06-26 | 2012-10-31 | 格特生物制药（天津）有限公司 | Feed for supplementing calcium for fox, raccoon dog and marten |
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| CN107095866B (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2019-12-10 | 华中农业大学 | Application of silymarin in relieving reproductive toxicity of animal zearalenone |
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| CN108208344A (en) * | 2018-03-22 | 2018-06-29 | 广州立达尔生物科技股份有限公司 | A kind of feed addictive with liver protection and preparation method thereof |
| CN108606187A (en) * | 2018-04-19 | 2018-10-02 | 广东联鲲集团有限公司 | It is a kind of prevent golden pomfret hepatic disease additive and its application |
| CN108272840A (en) * | 2018-04-20 | 2018-07-13 | 佛山市雷米高动物营养保健科技有限公司 | Pet liver-protecting combination, pet protect liver product and preparation method thereof |
| CN109362966A (en) * | 2018-11-05 | 2019-02-22 | 华中农业大学 | A kind of plant extract feed additive and application for improving sow milk performance |
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