CN102146267A - Paste for mounting ancient calligraphy and paintings and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Paste for mounting ancient calligraphy and paintings and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses paste for mounting ancient calligraphy and paintings and a preparation method thereof. The paste for mounting the ancient calligraphy and paintings is mainly prepared from the following components in part by weight: 200 parts of flour, 1 part of alum and 0.8 part of zanthoxylum pipertum. The paste for mounting the ancient calligraphy and paintings has high pH (potential of hydrogen) value, high viscosity and certain mould proofing capacity. Rice paper coated with the paste has better whiteness, fracture length, folding strength and tensile strength. The paste for mounting the ancient calligraphy and paintings can be used in the work of mounting and repairing the ancient calligraphy and paintings and particularly has various advantages of good antibiotic property, suitable viscosity, good hand feeling and little corrosion on the calligraphy and paintings and the like when being used for mounting and repairing the ancient calligraphy and paintings of the historical relic grade.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of ancient book and draw mounting paste and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
It is exactly that those are formerly mounted not good or because management collection keeping is not good at, ghost come off, the make moist painting and calligraphy handed down from ancient times of mouldy, poor rotten fracture, the damaged by rats of damaging by worms and painting and calligraphy that are unearthed takes place carry out the mounting reparation that ancient book is drawn the mounting reparation.Painting and calligraphy through mounting can become firm, attractive in appearance, are convenient to collection and layout and view and admire.And the ancient painting of remounting, the vitality that also can prolong it.Ancients say: " heavily mount in the historic site, prolongs the doctor as disease ... the doctor is kind then to rise conveniently, and the doctor is not good at then getting killed conveniently.”
The history that the painting and calligraphy mounting technology of China is accompanied by Chinese Painting and Calligraphy produces, from the historical summary of preserving now, the mounting technology has just occurred before 1500, and in the successive dynasties document for the making of mounting paste, anticorrosion, mounting is with the selection of paper, and the scrubbing of ancient painting, repairs, dyes Huang Dengdou literature record is arranged.
Repair and the Ancient Chinese of decorateing again when writing legal document for others paintings product usually will through disintegrates, clean, take off the back of the body, holder paper, repair, connect pen, panchromatic, inlay and expect, cover the back of the body, press and smooth process procedure such as dress, wherein much links all need to use paste to use as the caking agent between paper and paper, paper and the mounting fabric.A high-quality paste can make picture smooth, do not run China ink, do not fade, mothproof, mildew-resistant, if be easy to uncover will remount the time etc.; Therefore the quality of mounting paste is directly connected to the success or failure of mounting, and to protection, the circulation of painting and calligraphy pieces and collect.Since the Eastern Jin Dynasty, pair record of mounting paste manufacture craft is also all arranged in all kinds of notes, the treatise, wherein more there is special chapter to put down in writing some relevant added ingredientss and is applied in the mounting paste, play and adjust viscosity, anti-mould and anti-moth, make it special efficacy such as smooth.So " decoration will " medium cloud painting and calligraphy " are not met the skilled worker, are rather deposited thing." and the first heavy sizing of skilled worker is stuck with paste.Because the quality direct relation of paste the quality of mounting, to such an extent as to the life-span of works.Add the various natural additive purposes that contain heterogeneity and be for " going moth " in paste and improve the various performances of paste, this method is long-standing.According to the historical document record, mounting of calligraphy and painting paste imposes certain added ingredients in making processes, not only mothproof, also can play the effect of mildew-resistant.
Need use as the tackiness agent between paper and paper, paper and the mounting fabric with paste in the mounting of calligraphy and painting and the repair.Mounting of calligraphy and painting paste has fundamental influence for the preservation and the reparation of painting and calligraphy, and the quality direct relation of mounting paste the quality of works and the time that works are preserved.The paste that uses in the mounting of calligraphy and painting and the reparation should have soakage, adhesivity, film-forming properties and reversibility preferably, should modest viscosity, cleaning, mothproof again.The paste quality good or not directly influences the quality of mounting and reparation.Through mounting go mouldy with the painting and calligraphy pieces of reparation, damage by worms, ghost, jackknifing, buckling deformation be relevant with the use of mounting paste invariably.Paste is a key material in the whole mounting process, also is the important factor that the part quality is mounted in influence.In the successive dynasties document mounting of calligraphy and painting there is certain argumentation with paste and interpolation heterogeneity to the paste performance impact.And current mounting person, mostly because of disliking the operation that hell to pay is used as medicine paste producing to cancel, this practice is troubling.A nearly period, the additive of mounting of calligraphy and painting paste is replaced by chemical reagent mostly: phenylic acid, chlorophenesic acid, formaldehyde, ammonia etc., this not only causes traditional technology almost to disappear, cause pollution to environment, to personnel's harm, even implicit destruction to papery historical relic, archives, painting and calligraphy pieces itself.Based on this, historical relic, archives conservation repair the boundary and mounting of calligraphy and painting circle all wishes the mounting paste is improved exploitation, to solve the practical problems in historical relic's protection reparation, the work of archives mounting and the mounting of calligraphy and painting work.
The paste producing in the mounting of calligraphy and painting repair at present, there is very big difference with the paste technology and the method in ancient times, also relatively poorer to the research work of paste now, especially for traditional paste producing, be still waiting expansion with the scientific research of paste technology.
Tradition mounting of calligraphy and painting paste uses the history in existing thousand so far, but still problem to be solved is arranged.
One: the making method of mounting paste, material and consumption thereof are all slightly different in each dynasty, even to this day, have not both had unified operating standard, also do not have clear and definite theoretical direction.Be region difference, climatope difference on the one hand, paste materials proportioning has nothing in common with each other; Mounting paste making method all is that the master worker trains an apprentice on the other hand, and oral instructions the parent award, according to experiential operating separately, not one can reference standard.Generally speaking the paste making method is roughly two kinds: one, get a certain amount of flour, add some ancillary component, in clear water, soak a few days or directly add suitable clear water and stir evenly (this is the slurry head), heat then and continue to stir and make it gelatinization, it is translucent to look its change, and is thick paste (also making dry pulp stick with paste) can pull out thread the time; During use the suitable thin up of thick paste stirred evenly and be paste (also being thick water), generally thick paste and paste are referred to as paste (among the present invention, paste promptly refers to the paste that obtains by behind the thick paste thin up).Two, flour adds water and stirs into pasty state after adding ancillary component, washes open with boiling water again, makes it become translucent thick paste, and the time spent water is transferred rare.
Its two: once when making the mounting paste, added certain additive according to the document ancients, as: add alum to adjust its viscosity, it is mouldy etc. to prevent it to add pericarpium zanthoxyli, to modern age, because the development of chemical industry, numerous areas is constantly invented and be applied in to new sanitas.Original these additives are replaced by chemical reagent phenol, formaldehyde, ammonia etc. mostly in the mounting of calligraphy and painting reparation paste, this not only causes traditional technology almost to disappear, cause environmental pollution, to personnel's harm, even implicit to papery historical relic, archives, the destructive Hazard Factor of painting and calligraphy pieces own.Based on above 2 points, historical relic, archives conservation repair the boundary and mounting of calligraphy and painting circle all wishes the mounting paste is improved exploitation, to solve the practical problems in historical relic's protection reparation, the work of archives mounting and the mounting of calligraphy and painting work.In the eighties and the nineties, also there is unit to develop new modified polymer binder and treated starch tackiness agent SDK, the time spent adds a certain amount of water mixes well and gets final product, but two kinds of tackiness agents are not all admitted by historical relic's protection circle, archives mounting circle and mounting circle.Trace it to its cause, the one, mounting expert, scholar use chemical reagent to have certain scruples to modern paste producing method, because add relevant ancillary component in traditional mounting of calligraphy and painting paste in China, bring into play the history of the existing more than one thousand years of its special efficacy, a lot of famous paintings spread several generations, through repeatedly mounting repeatedly, still bright in colour, all proved and added some added ingredients to have special efficacies such as moth-proof and mould-proof simultaneously to the not injury of papery historical relic.The 2nd, the mounting expert does not approve the new type bonding agent using method, because the making processes of the mounting paste of traditional painting and calligraphy, after promptly adding water and suitably add some added ingredients with flour, heating makes it gelatinization, putting and suitably add water after cold and mix well use, in the history in existing several thousand of China, is a kind of traditional technology, more become a special integral part of Chinese Painting and Calligraphy, this be not add water institute with simple tackiness agent can be displaced.Therefore also should consider national culture intension and historical accumulation thereof to the improvement of mounting paste; and according to the preference of historical relic's protection circle, archives mounting circle and mounting of calligraphy and painting bound pair material; and the custom of manufacture craft; select suitable material and method for use, final achievement in research is admitted by mounting expert, scholar.
Nowadays along with the constantly development of science and technology ground, present various novel procesies, novel material, constantly enriching the technology of mounting, present mounting paste is mildew-resistant, anticorrosion, often use chemical article (phenylic acid, chlorophenesic acid, formaldehyde, ammonia etc.), this should careful usefulness for the painting and calligraphy pieces that has historical relic to be worth.Because Chinese Ancient Books adopts the hand made paper of natural matter more, and general now chemical glue etc. have extremely strong corrosion strength to the sino type paper, general mistake not the rotten flavescence of paper is become fragile.Thus, for all the do not discard tradition paste of mounting of the painting and calligraphy pieces that has historical relic to be worth because with the works of paste mounting through forming a kind of " guarantor starches " after long-time.The protection of works and evaluation in the future there are very big meaning, then do not have this effect without the works of paste mounting.
Paste producing imposes specific added ingredients, and is not only mothproof, also can play the effect of mildew-resistant.Ancients often fry in shallow oil Tang Daishui with some Chinese medicines and control to stick with paste and prevent that paste from rotting, and make simultaneously to mount part and have mothproof effect of keeping away moth, and have accumulated rich experience in this regard.In the paste producing record of successive dynasties about ancients, the method that adds related drugs is a lot, now enumerates several then as follows.
At first propose among the Zhang Yanyuan of Tang " the famous paintings through the ages note opinion dress back of the body is mounted axle ": " all pastes that boils must remove muscle.Rare slow institute; That stirs does not stop; And accent is ripe naturally.Surplusly often go into few carefully grinding and smoke Lu Xiangmo (smoked Lu Xiang is a frankincense); Come from clumsy meaning; Go moth forever and firmly; Ancients'think of not also.The state state back of the body (sticking one piece of cloth or paper on top of another) painting and calligraphy are gone into wax less, be at Mi Run.This method is proper.The gas of waiting negative and positive is to adjust, and the autumn, the spring, the summer was following time when being middle when above.Unavailable in the summer-heat and damp. "
Record imperial palace decoration craftsman gets burnt Qingan County to control and sticks with paste composition of raw materials and be in unit's " secretary supervises " volume six: " bletilla striata, yellow wax, gelatin, alum, black false hellebore, Chinese honey locust, each money of Mao Xiang, wrinkled giant hyssop half money, fine flour five money, half jin of hard bavin, two liang in charcoal." " method the pastes side " of bright high Lian " abide by give birth to eight writing paper " be: " one jin of fine flour soaked three, five, waited sour smelly the work, went into bletilla striata face five money, yellow wax three money, BAIYUNXIANG three money, the last money of lime, official's powder one money, alum two money.Fry in shallow oil soup for one, two liang with pericarpium zanthoxyli and go green pepper, throw wax, alum, rue, lime, enduring of official's powder earlier, go into face and stick with paste, the sticking back of the body does not take off.Method again: fly one jin in face, go into two liang at bletilla striata end, bean powder five money, also wonderful.”
The record that clear Fang Yizhi " the little knowledge of physics " volume eight " decoration methods " use tens kinds of medicines to go into to stick with paste according to Various Seasonal: " spring with Chinese honey locust one very, talcum, alum, pericarpium zanthoxyli, yellow wax oil each one or two; Summer grade wax, alum, Chinese mugwort each one or two, half and half liang of Vermiculitum, Semen Momordicae, bark of ash, the bletilla striata, lilac daphne, crotons a little, Chinese honey locust one very; Autumn add stone swallow a little; Winter is used yellow wax one or two, alum five money, and sal ammoniac two money, two liang in Poria cocos, salt three money, one jin in face ... "
To modern age, people are the mildew-resistant corruption, keep away and damage by worms, and add medicines such as frankincense, the tuber of stemona, borneol, pericarpium zanthoxyli, pyrethrum, the coptis in the mounting paste of also being everlasting.
But current mounting person, mostly because of disliking the operation that hell to pay is used as medicine paste producing to cancel, this practice is troubling really.
The chemical ingredients of conventional medicament commonly used mainly contains following several in the mounting paste:
Frankincense: Bursera family Ka Shi Boswellia carterii and belong to the oleo-gum-resin that oozes out after other several plant skin zone cut wounds together, contain resin, natural gum, volatile oil and amaroid etc.Volatile oil contains α-phellandrene, β-phellandrene, firpene, racemization-limonene, d-verbenol, verbenone, acetate n-octyl, hexanal, 1-octene, furfural, sabinene, amphene, 2,4-nonadienal, octanal, an isopropyl toluene, Terpane, aldehyde C-9, isooctyl alcohol, 1-octanol, Bornyl acetate, 1 nonyl alcohol, Elemenum.Resin contain α-, β-boswellic acid, in conjunction with boswellic acid, olibanoresene, α-amyrenone, green grey dried layer alcohol, frankincense terpenes, oxidation frankincense terpenes.Calcium salt and magnesium salts, bassorin, saccharan I, molecular-weight average that natural gum contains arabonic acid are 4400, [α] D20-14.7, hydrolysis gets pectinose, semi-lactosi and uronic acid, saccharan II, and molecular-weight average is 5500, [α] D20-9.2, hydrolysis gets uronic acid and semi-lactosi.
Alum (alum, alum): Sulfates mineral alunite refines through processing and makes.The main aqueous sulfuric acid aluminium potassium (KAl (SO4) 212H2O) that contains, elements such as calcic, magnesium, strontium, iron, titanium, copper, sodium, silicon still in addition.Alum has lost crystal water after forging and making alumen, and solidifying egg white strengthens suction again, drying, convergence, anticorrosion and bacteriostatic effect.
Fructus Zanthoxyli: the dry mature skin of rutaceae pericarpium zanthoxyli.The pericarpium zanthoxyli pericarp contains volatile oil 0.7%～9%.2) alkaloid and amides, mattress space alkali, Stylophorine and derivative thereof are widely distributed in this platymiscium.3) the plain class of phenylpropyl alcohol: contain herniarin in the pericarpium zanthoxyli pericarp.4) other compositions: this platymiscium contains β-Gu Zaichun and organic acid more.
Beeswax (yellow wax, beeswax): be Apidae insect apis cerana or apis mellifera Linnaeus excretory wax.Main component can be divided into four big classes, i.e. ester class, free acids, hydro carbons and free alcohols.[9] main moiety is higher fatty acid and high alcohol institute synthetic fat, accounts for 70.4%～74.7%, contains free fatty acids 13.5% in addition, saturated carbohydrate 12.5%～15.5%, and small amount of coloring matter.
The bletilla striata: the dry tuber of the orchid bletilla striata.Main component: 1) phenanthrene derivative: contain dihydro phenanthro-pyrans in the bletilla striata, dibenzyl dihydro phenanthrene, luxuriant and rich with fragrance, compositions such as dihydro phenanthrene and glycoside thereof, mainly contain: 4,7-dihydroxyl-1-is to monohydroxy benzyl-2-methoxyl group-9,10-dihydro phenanthrene, 4,7-dihydroxyl-2-methoxyl group-9,10-dihydro phenanthrene, Bleseriarene A, Bleseriarene B, Bleseriarene C, Batatasin Ш, 3-O-Methyl Batatasin Ш, Blestrin A, Blestrin B, Blestrinol A, Blestrinol B, Blestrinol C, 1,8-two (4-hydroxybenzyl)-4-methoxyl group phenanthrene-2, the 7-glycol, 3-(4-methyl-benzyl)-4-methoxyl group-9, the two hydrogen phenanthrene-2 of 10-, the 7-glycol, 2,4,7-trimethoxy-9, the two hydrogen phenanthrene of 10-, 2,3,4,7-tetramethoxy phenanthrene, 3,3 ', 5-trimethoxy-two benzyls, 3, the two benzyls of 5-dimethoxy, PHyscion, on 3,3 '-and dihydroxyl-2 ', 6 '-two (to the monohydroxy benzyl)-5-methoxyl group dibenzyls, 2,6-two (to the monohydroxy benzyl)-3 ', 5 '-dimethoxy-3-hydroxyl dibenzyl, 3,3 '-dihydroxyl-5-methoxyl group-2,5,6-three (to the monohydroxy benzyl) dibenzyl.2) carbohydrate: starch-containing 30.48%, the glucose 1.5% of fresh stem tuber also has phlegmatic temperament.With containing bletilla mannan, the glucomannan of forming by 4 fens mannosanss and a glucose.Bletilla striata glue is the dextran that is aggregated into by glucose molecule, and its molecular-weight average is 2,881,000, with dextran be same class material.3) other compositions: contain anthraquinone derivative and antiulcer agent composition Bs-1～4 (claiming temporarily), hydroxyl phenylformic acid, p-Hydroxybenzaldehyde, styracin, western bright stem tuber also contains volatile oil.
The coptis: the dry rhizome that the cohosh coptis, Coptis deltoidea C.Y.Cheng et Hsiao or cloud connect.1) flavor connects: contain Protoberberine Alkoloids: Berberine, palmatine, jateorhizine, coptisine, worenine, epiberberine, Berberastine and Groenlandicine.2) refined company: contain Berberine, jateorhizine, coptisine and Groenlandicine.Flavor company, refined company, cloud all contain 20 kinds of inorganic elements: Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, Co, Se, Ni, Sr, Ti, Al, Mg, K, Ca, Pb, Cd, Hg, As, Ba, B, P in connecting.
The interpolation of conventional medicament from the angle discussion mounting paste of papery historical relic's protection and reparation, at first, in order to reach good mounting effect, viscosity is important one that must examine or check.Not only have the bletilla striata go into to stick with paste in the ancient literature and increase glutinous record, and (starch-containing 30.48%, the glucose 1.5% of fresh stem tuber also has phlegmatic temperament to contain a large amount of phlegmatic temperaments and volatile oil in the chemical ingredients of the bletilla striata.With containing bletilla mannan, the glucomannan of forming by 4 fens mannosanss and a glucose.Bletilla striata glue is the dextran that is aggregated into by glucose molecule, and its molecular-weight average is 2,881,000, with dextran be same class material), bletilla striata colloid can be in some field as tackiness agent.In addition, also be rich in a large amount of resins, natural gum, volatilization wet goods chemical ingredients in the frankincense, can play a role the viscosity that increases paste.This shows, in paste, add the bletilla striata, frankincense and should play good effect the viscosity that increases paste.
Secondly, in the preservation process of paper, mothproof particularly anti-moth-eaten (silverfish also claims silverfish, silverfish, is aptery insect, and general moth food painting and calligraphy surface misses potter paste or the colloid nibbled in the food paper, harm paste location for paste) is very necessary.
Ancients have thought that several method resists it, and one of its way is to dye paper with cork tree solution.Cork tree is to have heat-clearing, eliminating dampness, and purging intense heat, the Chinese medicine of detoxifying properties also has parasiticidal effect.The king legendary ruler of great antiquity, the first of the Three August Ones of the Eastern Jin Dynasty it, the king offer etc. the famous calligraphy daily life of a family write with yellow paper, preserve stone chamber, Dunhuang lasts more than 1,000 year not bad for a long time through coil paper, do not damaged by worms, all be the yellow paper that dyed through cork tree solution.
Method two is that painting paper is steeped or brushing with the green pepper water logging, uses after drying again.Green pepper water can desinsection, makes paper by the erosion of moth moth.Green pepper is exactly pericarpium zanthoxyli (another name for Sichuan Province green pepper, a Chinese prickly ash), have the hot characteristics of flavor hot in nature, but hyoscine has pain relieving, the effect of desinsection." method paste side " record of more simple and efficient method such as bright Zhou Jiazhou " decoration will is controlled paste ", high Lian " abide by and give birth to eight writing paper " " is stewed soup with pericarpium zanthoxyli, is gone into face and stick with paste." need highlight be; not only the record pericarpium zanthoxyli has the effect of killing parasites to relieve itching in " Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2005 editions) "; experimental results show that simultaneously; pericarpium zanthoxyli contains volatile oil 0.7%～9% that the geraniol in the volatile oil, the pure and mild lemonol of withered thatch are to flavacin, the variegated mould stronger restraining effect that have.Contain β-Gu Zaichun and organic acid more than in the pericarpium zanthoxyli composition, phenylformic acid wherein (M-nitro benzoic acid) has restraining effect to multiple mould and yeast, and pH value is more than 5.5, and the pH value is 4.5 o'clock, can suppress fully general microorganism.
Method three is that fragrance is kept away moth-eaten method, and moth dislikes graveolens thing, so ancients can be put Moschus, pawpaw, weeded grass in tub or bookcase, camphor, realgar wait expelling parasite.In addition, ancients can be in title page, back cover and the front cover of book, adds that a single face spreads the paper of orange coating, as long as have little by little will be dead for moth, so this paper is called " anti-moth-eaten paper ".This tangerine paper is exactly " Wan Nianhong " paper, and the orange coating on the paper contains plumbous oxide compound, and its main component is a tri-lead tetroxide, and severe toxicity is arranged, and trace just can make silverfish poison and cause death, thus with the orange paint brush on paper, just become after drying in the shade and prevent moth-eaten paper.In addition, the red lead is quite stable in air, and the years of experiencing 1,100 can also keep bright-coloured redness, and continues to possess anti-moth-eaten effect, so be known as " Wan Nianhong ".
In addition, the folding power of paper and its acidity have substantial connection.The folding power of acidic paper is low, when the flat pH value of paper is hanged down between 4～4.5, just becomes quite fragile.Be lower than 5.6 if find the pH value of paper, just should take the depickling measure.Because acidic substance cause corrosion easily, and make paper decayed.In the manufacturing and forwarding of paper, used various raw materials all are again mould and the best food that the insect growth is arranged.So the potential of hydrogen of the paste of appropriate regulation mounting painting and calligraphy has very important significance for the protection of papery historical relic.Often add alum now in the making of paste, its purpose has four: one, adopts the paste that adds alum to dye the thin silk fabric thin,tough silk and can prevent to fade; The 2nd, adopt the fixing mass colour of painting and calligraphy of the paste heart add alum; The 3rd, adopt the paste edge work that adds alum can avoid the edge seam to come unsewn; The 4th, the purpose of executing alum in starch water is to impel starch to precipitate better.But what should be noted that simultaneously is, alum is originally as the slant acidity material, cause the acid on the low side of paste easily, if it is too much with alum, will make and mount part (comprising the painting and calligraphy heart) alumization, increased the crisp hardness of mounting part, returned taking off to mount and caused difficulty in the future, long-term handed down from ancient times totally unfavorable in painting and calligraphy.So the new painting and calligraphy of mounting are still taken off and are mounted or repair antiquated painting and calligraphy, all should use alum cautiously, its usage and dosage need carry out further experimental study.
Summary of the invention
Based on the problems referred to above, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of mounting of calligraphy and painting paste.
Mounting of calligraphy and painting paste provided by the present invention, mainly make by the component of following portions by weight:
Flour: 200 parts;
Alum: 1 part;
Pericarpium zanthoxyli: 0.8 part.
Described mounting of calligraphy and painting paste, make by the component of following portions by weight:
Flour: 200 parts;
Alum: 1 part;
Pericarpium zanthoxyli: 0.8 part; With
Water.
The addition of described water is preferably 3ml/g flour.
The preparation method of above-mentioned mounting of calligraphy and painting paste, be made up of following step:
1) pericarpium zanthoxyli with 0.8 weight part adds in the entry, carries out supersound extraction, obtains the pericarpium zanthoxyli extracting solution;
2) with the flour of 200 weight parts, the alum of 1 weight part, join in the pericarpium zanthoxyli extracting solution of step 1) acquisition, heating boils and obtains mounting of calligraphy and painting paste.
In the described method, amount of water and step 2 in the described step 1)) the ratio of flour addition be 3ml: 1g.
Described ultransonic condition is frequency 42KHz, and extraction time is 20 minutes.
The application that above-mentioned mounting of calligraphy and painting paste is drawn in the thin pulp paste at preparation mounting ancient book also belongs to protection scope of the present invention.
Mounting of calligraphy and painting paste pH value of the present invention is higher, and viscosity is better, and certain mildew-resistant ability is arranged, and the rice paper after the paste coating all has reasonable performance aspect four of whiteness, fracture length, folding endurance, tensile strength.
Mounting of calligraphy and painting paste of the present invention can be applied in the mounting of calligraphy and painting repair.Particularly remounting of drawing of historical relic level ancient book repaired that to have germ resistance good, few to the painting and calligraphy corrosion, modest viscosity, multiple advantages such as good hand touch.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the fungistatic effect evaluation result that contains different added ingredients pastes
Embodiment
Embodiment 1: the manufacture craft that contains different added ingredients pastes inquires into and the test of paste acidity, viscosity
1, experiment material and instrument: flour (iron man's board DaCheng Co., Ltd product); Pericarpium zanthoxyli (purchasing), alum, frankincense (purchasing), beeswax (purchasing in Beijing chemical reagents corporation 62 ℃～67 ℃ of fusing points) in Chinese Medicinal Materials Co in shop, Beijing Tongrentang Wangjing; The phosphoric acid salt standard buffer solution (25 ℃, pH6.86), the phthalate standard buffer solution (25 ℃, pH4.02); NDJ-1 type rotational viscosimeter (Shanghai Changji Geological Instrument Co., Ltd.); PHS-3C type precision acidity meter (Shanghai second instrument plant).
2, the making of mounting paste
Grope by consulting ancient literature and years'experiences and repeatedly test, the amount ratio of tentatively having determined flour and water is 1: 3, and the Production Time when 200V is 7～11min.It is definite, specific as follows described that the determining of the consumption that adds the related drugs composition in the paste and addition manner mainly combines practical experience according to the document record.
1) manufacture craft of pure flour mounting paste (thick paste): according to the beaker of shown in the table 1 51.6g flour and 3.2216g alum being put into 500ml, add the 154.8ml deionized water gradually, constantly stir, it is fully dissolved, break into the gruel shape, obtain " slurry head ".Directly place on the electric heating cooker, under 200V voltage, heat, the stirring that does not stop with bamboo chopstick, when treating that the slurry head begins retrogradation gradually, stir fast in a clockwise direction, paste retrogradation when always stirring certain hour (specifically seeing Table 1), little Huang be shinny, can be hot candied the time till, on beaker, cover the PE preservative film again, be placed in the cold water and preserve.(being labeled as paste No. 1).
2) add the manufacture craft of the paste of alum: 51.6g flour and 3.2216g alum are put into the beaker of 500ml, add the 154.8ml deionized water gradually, constantly stir, it is fully dissolved, break into the gruel shape, obtain " slurry head ".All the other same step 1).(being labeled as paste No. 2).
3) add the manufacture craft of the paste of alum and pericarpium zanthoxyli simultaneously: the beaker of 56.7g flour and 3.5429g alum being put into 500ml, add gradually the decocting liquid of 3.5470g pericarpium zanthoxyli and deionized water altogether 170ml (wherein pericarpium zanthoxyli decocting liquid is 147ml, deionized water is 23ml), constantly stirred, it is fully dissolved, break into the gruel shape, obtain " slurry head ".All the other same step 1).(being labeled as paste No. 3).
4) manufacture craft of the paste of interpolation pericarpium zanthoxyli: the beaker of 57.5g flour being put into 500ml, add deionized water and 3.5924g pericarpium zanthoxyli decocting liquid 172.5ml (wherein pericarpium zanthoxyli decocting liquid is 139ml) altogether gradually, constantly stir, flour is fully dissolved, break into the gruel shape, obtain " slurry head ".All the other same step 1).(being labeled as No. 4 oars sticks with paste).
5) flour: the manufacture craft of the paste of frankincense (16: 0.3): 55.0g flour is put into the beaker of 500ml, the purified frankincense water of 1.0320g is ground to form fine powder evenly join in the flour, add the 165.Oml deionized water altogether in beaker.Constantly starched stirring, it is fully dissolved, obtained " slurry head ".All the other same step 1).(being labeled as paste No. 5).
6) flour: the manufacture craft of the paste of frankincense (16: 1): add 54.8g, frankincense 3.4323g, deionized water 164.4ml with step 5) flour.(being labeled as paste No. 6)
7) add the manufacture craft of mellisic paste: 55.2g flour is put into the beaker of 500ml, add the 165.6ml deionized water gradually, constantly stir, flour is fully dissolved.Directly place on the electric heating cooker, under 200V voltage, heat, the stirring that does not stop with bamboo chopstick, when treating that a slurry temperature reaches more than 62 ℃, evenly be sprinkled into 1.0360g beeswax fines, stir fast in a clockwise direction, paste retrogradation when always stirring 8 minutes, little Huang be shinny, can be hot candied the time till, on beaker, cover the PE preservative film again, be placed in the cold water and preserve.(being labeled as paste No. 7)
The various pastes of table 1. add component and paste producing time
| The medicine that adds | Flour consumption (g) | Survival dose (g) | Amount of water (ml) | The dosing ratio | The paste producing time (min) | |
| No. 1 paste | 57.4 | 172.2 | 8 | |||
| No. 2 pastes | Alum | 51.6 | 3.2216 | 154.8 | 16∶1 | 10 |
| No. 3 pastes | Alum, pericarpium zanthoxyli | 56.7 | 3.5429、3.5470 | 170.0 | 16∶1∶1 | 11 |
| No. 4 pastes | Pericarpium zanthoxyli | 57.5 | 3.5924 | 172.5 | 16∶1 | 9 |
| No. 5 pastes | Frankincense | 55.0 | 1.0320 | 165.0 | 16∶0.3 | 7 |
| No. 6 pastes | Frankincense | 54.8 | 3.4323 | 164.4 | 16∶1 | 7 |
| No. 7 pastes | Beeswax | 55.2 | 1.3060 | 165.5 | 16∶0.3 | 8 |
3, the viscosity measurement of paste
Get 1-7 number thick paste respectively in clean container, when smashing to pieces to no piece with bamboo chopstick, adding a spot of water smashes again, and stirring is merged water and paste fully, adding water again stirs, make thick paste (g): deionized water (ml)=1: 2.2 obtains thin pulp to be measured and sticks with paste (annotate: the thin pulp that this ratio obtains is stuck with paste to be mainly used in and ask broken Hard copy to draw the heart).Thin pulp paste to be measured is placed proper container (concrete numerical value sees Table 2) on request, carry out the mensuration of viscosity with calibrated good NDJ-1 type rotational viscosimeter.The result is as shown in table 2.As shown in table 2, the viscosity of paste increases behind the adding frankincense, but does not have too big the contact with the add-on of frankincense; Add that the viscosity of paste reduces behind alum and the pericarpium zanthoxyli, particularly add alum after, will cause the reduction significantly of paste viscosity; Add beeswax, little to the influence of paste viscosity.
The viscosity gauge that table 2. thin pulp to be measured is stuck with paste
| The paste numbering | Thick paste consumption (g) | Amount of water (ml) | K value (mPas) |
| No. 1 paste | 75.0 | 165.0 | 11.5 |
| No. 2 pastes | 74.8 | 164.6 | 6.8 |
| No. 3 pastes | 74.7 | 164.3 | 7.1 |
| No. 4 pastes | 75.1 | 165.2 | 10.9 |
| No. 5 pastes | 75.1 | 165.2 | 13.5 |
| No. 6 pastes | 74.5 | 163.9 | 13.0 |
| No. 7 pastes | 74.6 | 164.1 | 11.4 |
4, the pH of paste measures
Thin pulp paste to be measured is placed in the proper container, and measure its acidity with the pHS-3C type precision acidity meter of having proofreaied and correct every day.
The result is shown in table 3-table 4; Add the reduction significantly that will cause paste pH value to continue behind the alum; Though the pH value of paste descended to some extent at initial several days behind the interpolation pericarpium zanthoxyli, the amplitude that reduces is less, and the pH value is greater than the paste of pure flour in the time of in the end several days; Add the rising that frankincense and beeswax all cause the pH value of paste, but the mellisic effect is not as good as frankincense.
The pH value of table 3.1-4 paste is change list in time
| No. 1 paste | No. 2 pastes | No. 3 pastes | No. 4 pastes | |
| The 1st day | 5.83 | 3.24 | 3.46 | 5.71 |
| The 2nd day | 5.30 | 3.35 | 3.58 | 5.75 |
| The 3rd day | 6.10 | 3.78 | 3.44 | 5.85 |
| The 4th day | 4.83 | 3.06 | 2.94 | 5.60 |
| The 5th day | 5.63 | 3.73 | 3.61 | 5.91 |
| The 6th day | 4.91 | 3.73 | 3.60 | 5.81 |
| The 7th day | 4.71 | 3.70 | 3.70 | 5.35 |
| The 8th day | 4.82 | 3.86 | 3.72 | 5.14 |
The pH value of table No. 4.5-No. 7 pastes is change list (with No. 1 paste thing in contrast) in time
| No. 1 paste | No. 5 pastes | No. 6 pastes | No. 7 pastes | |
| The 1st day | 5.98 | 6.30 | 6.10 | 5.99 |
| The 2nd day | 5.27 | 6.22 | 5.98 | 5.97 |
| The 3rd day | 5.65 | 6.30 | 6.12 | 5.72 |
5, discussion and brief summary
1) compare with other added ingredients, it is bigger to add behind the alum influence that viscosity and acidity to paste causes, so if use, should carry out strict control to the consumption of alum.2) add the viscosity that frankincense will increase paste, and the influence between consumption and the viscosity is little.But compare with no medicine paste, its viscosity increases big, can cause and take off the difficulty of mounting in the painting and calligraphy reparation, and frankincense is an oleo-gum-resin in addition, and is impure more, also influential to paste in appearance.3) the interpolation beeswax is all little to the influence of paste viscosity and acidity, will further inquire into ancients in mounting paste interpolation mellisic purpose in the research.4) behind the interpolation pericarpium zanthoxyli pH value that keeps paste is played a role, but because the influence of the intrinsic colour of pericarpium zanthoxyli decocting liquid, so if use should be considered decolouring or control consumption as additive.
Embodiment 2, contain the fungistatic effect evaluation of different added ingredients pastes
Loss of tradition historical relic and damage phenomenon are very serious, and wherein the mould contamination reason has become the important reasons that document damages.The frequency of occurrences is the highest in historical relic be a spore mould, mutually every aspergillus such as interlinkage spore, flavus, aspergillus niger aspergillus versicolors, mould such as fork wrinkle mould and Mucor, mould, the new long-radius elbow spore of no spore, Paecilomyces varioti, ball hair shell, sickle-like bacteria etc.Do a summary by bacterial classification selection, the control of inoculum size, the selection of substratum, four aspects of external bacteriostatic experiment method with regard to pertinent literature, determined that this tests selected bacterial classification is modal mould: aspergillus niger; Determine the test method of medicine base medium therapy for this test.Medicine base medium therapy: this law is according to mould physiological property and mould inhibitor mildew-resistant mechanism, selects suitable mould-growth and is not suitable for the substratum of bacterial growth, adds a certain amount of mould inhibitor in certain bacterium liquid, cultivates the back and observes the mold colony sum.Total number of bacterial colony is few more, shows that its mildew-resistant fungistatic effect is good more.This method is easy to operate, is fit to the primary dcreening operation of high amount of drug.
One, experiment material
Mould bacterial classification: aspergillus niger, 4 ℃ of preservations (Chinese industrial microbial strains preservation administrative center, aspergillus niger numbering 2487)
Medicament sources: alum, pericarpium zanthoxyli, the bletilla striata, the tuber of stemona, cloves is purchased in shop, Beijing Tongrentang Wangjing
Experiment reagent: flour (iron man's board DaCheng Co., Ltd product); Agar powder, yeast powder, biphosphate base potassium, VITMAIN B1: all available from Beijing Baeyer enlightening Bioisystech Co., Ltd; Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (DMSO), concentrated hydrochloric acid, Beijing chemical reagent work is commercially available analytical pure; Millex millipore filtration (0.2 μ m): Irish Carrighwohill company; DHG-9053/9075 type electric heating constant temperature air dry oven: Shanghai one permanent Science and Technology Ltd..
The making of PDA substratum: weighing fresh potato 200g, the adding distil water that is cut into small pieces boils, and boils soft and stops heating when mashed, place cooling after, wrap up potatos with four layers of gauze, extrude liquid side as beaker.Liquid is taken out, and adding distil water to wherein adding yeast powder 10g, adds micro-KH then again to 1000ml
2PO
4And VITMAIN B1, transfer pH to 4.1-5.5 with HCl.Get the 500ml nutrient solution that mixes up and add agar 8g, place to spend the night after stirring evenly and make solid PDA substratum.Get the 500mL nutrient solution as liquid PDA substratum.
The purifying of aspergillus niger: it is an amount of to get solid PDA substratum, and five blocks of plates of parallel laid after the heating for dissolving are cultivated black-koji mould with method of scoring, put in the thermostat container, and 30 ℃, vibration (time T: 30min; Rotating speed R:134 changes/min) cultivates, and takes out after 48 hours, chooses single bacterium colony and implants liquid training PDA and support in the base, puts in the thermostat container 30 ℃, vibration (time T: 30min; Rotating speed R:134 commentaries on classics/min).
Two, paste medicine base test
The experimental error of bringing for the reaction that reduces medium component and medicine, this experiment, the paste that use to add soup be as substratum, with agar as peptizer, as the material of detection of drugs bacteriostatic experiment, the result who obtains is more reliable than substratum such as use PDA like this.
1, soup preparation:
No. 1: alum 5g+30mL water fully dissolves;
No. 2: pericarpium zanthoxyli 5g+30mL decocting boiled 5 minutes;
No. 3: alum 5g+ pericarpium zanthoxyli 5g+30mL water fully decocted 5 minutes;
No. 4: bletilla striata 5g+30mL water fully decocted 5 minutes;
No. 5: tuber of stemona 5g+30mL water fully decocted 5 minutes;
No. 6: cloves 5g+30mL water fully decocted 5 minutes.
2, the making of paste agar soup substratum:
1. the making of agar water: water 100mL adds agar 6g, boiling sterilization
2. the making of paste agar soup substratum: get flour 1g respectively and add abundant mixing among the above-mentioned 1-6 soup 3mL, on electric furnace, constantly stir to endure and obtained a slurry 4g in 7-8 minute, add above-mentioned 1-6 soup 12mL then respectively and obtain thin pulp paste 15mL, add agar water 15mL mixing then and obtain the paste nutrient agar, divide to three culture dish at super clean bench.Make the paste nutrient agar in contrast to add the alternative soup of deionized water.
3, join bacterium liquid:
Getting purifying aspergillus niger stoste 0.5 μ l joins among the 999.5 μ l liquid PDA and obtains diluting 2000 times bacterium liquid, getting diluted liquid 0.5 μ l joins among the 199 μ l liquid PDA and is applied on the medicine base substratum with spreader behind the mixing, parallel running is applied to bacterium in 42 substratum, substratum is put into 30 degree insulation can constant temperature culture, took pictures every two hours, observed 72 hours.
After the test-results 72 hours, the colony growth situation as shown in Figure 1, concrete antibacterial result is as shown in table 5, among Fig. 1, A is for adding the antibacterial situation of agar soup substratum of No. 1 soup, B is for adding the antibacterial situation of agar soup substratum of No. 2 soups, C is for adding the antibacterial situation of agar soup substratum of No. 3 soups, D is for adding the antibacterial situation of agar soup substratum of No. 4 soups, E is for adding the antibacterial situation of agar soup substratum of No. 5 soups, F is for adding the antibacterial situation of agar soup substratum of No. 6 soups, and G is the antibacterial situation of paste nutrient agar.
Experimental result shows that the alum and the tuber of stemona all have good biocidal property, and alum and Chinese pepper (pericarpium zanthoxyli) combination also has good fungistatic effect, can be considered as the alternative component that the paste additive improves its antibacterial efficient.
The antibacterial result of the various medicines of table 5.
Annotate:, be divided into according to priority degree of long bacterium and the dense degree of bacterium colony after 72 hours ++; +;-Three Estate.++ the long bacterium of representative is morning, and bacterium colony is closeer; The long bacterium of+representative is later, and bacterium colony is thinner; The not long bacterium of representative.
Embodiment 3, carry out shaker test to substituting the alum additive
Experiment by embodiment 1 and embodiment 2 shows, alum, pericarpium zanthoxyli, the tuber of stemona, frankincense, beeswax in as the paste additive all by its advantage, particularly the antibiotic advantage of alum is bigger, though but alum can increase the viscosity of paste, and anti-microbial effect is also arranged, acidity is stronger, be unfavorable for the preservation of paper, so on the basis of determining increase paste viscosity and anti-microbial effect, select the interpolation medicine of suitable alternative alum, thereby increase acidity.
One, test materials
(1) flour (ancient ship board, 5Kg); (2) tarragon, the tuber of stemona, pericarpium zanthoxyli (purchasing), borneol, alum, talcum (purchasing) in shop, Tongrentang Wangjing in Shaanxi Rui Kang biotechnology company limited; (3) Red Star board special net skin is given birth to a surname; NDJ-1 type rotational viscosimeter (Shanghai Changji Geological Instrument Co., Ltd.); PHS-3C type precision acidity meter (Shanghai second instrument plant).
Two, carry out shaker test to substituting the alum additive
1, adds the supersound extraction of medicine
Medication amount as shown in table 6, get tarragon, each 2.5g of pericarpium zanthoxyli, tuber of stemona 2.5g, 5g, 7.5g and place 250mL tool plug Erlenmeyer flask respectively, all add the 120mL high purity water, ultrasonic (VGT-1613T Ultrasonic Cleaners, frequency 42KHz, 60 watts of power) extracted 15 minutes, complement to 120mL, filter, filtrate is medicine supersound extraction liquid.
2, the making of paste
40.0g flour is put into the beaker of 500mL, add the 120mL high purity water gradually or add 120mL high purity water (No. 1 paste) and drug extract (2-6 paste) according to the supersound extraction liquid of the interpolation of the amount shown in the table 6 120mL said medicine or according to the amount shown in the table 7, constantly stir, flour fully is mixed, breaks into gruel shape (i.e. " slurry head ") at last.Directly place on the electric furnace, under maximum voltage, heat, the stirring that does not stop with bamboo chopstick, when treating that slurry head begins retrogradation gradually (timing), stir fast in a clockwise direction, stir always paste retrogradation, little Huang shinny, can be hot candied the time till, cool, add high purity water to the water surface and do not have paste, on beaker, cover the PE preservative film again, be placed on shady and cool lucifuge place and preserve.
Table 6. experiment paste making method
Table 7. adds three kinds of solid pharmaceutical paste making methods such as talcum, alum
3, the viscosity of paste and acid test
1) thin pulp is stuck with paste the allotment of (pulp-water): get 0-12 number thick paste respectively in clean container, when smashing to pieces to no piece with bamboo chopstick, adding a spot of water smashes again, and stirring is merged water and paste fully, adding water again stirs, make thick paste (g): high purity water (mL)=1: 2.2 obtains thin pulp to be measured and sticks with paste.(annotate: the thin pulp that this ratio obtains is stuck with paste and is mainly used in the broken Hard copy picture of the holder heart)
2) viscosity measurement of thin pulp paste
Thin pulp paste to be measured is placed proper container on request, carry out the mensuration in year with calibrated good NDJ-1 type rotational viscosimeter.Concrete numerical value sees Table 8.
3) acid test of thin pulp paste
Thin pulp paste to be measured is placed in the proper container, measure its acidity with the pHS-3C type precision acidity meter of having proofreaied and correct on request.Concrete numerical value sees Table 8.
Viscosity and acidity table that table 8. thin pulp to be measured is stuck with paste
The result is as shown in table 8, and the result shows that the additive (from high to low) that makes the paste viscosity be higher than pure paste is alum, the tuber of stemona 16: 2, the tuber of stemona 16: 1, the tuber of stemona 16: 3, talcum 16: 0.5, talcum 16: 1 successively; The additive (from high to low) that makes the paste viscosity be lower than pure paste is talcum 16: 1.5, pericarpium zanthoxyli, Chinese mugwort, talcum 16: 2, borneol successively.Making the additive of the acidity decline of paste is alum, talcum 16: 0.5, the tuber of stemona 16: 3, the tuber of stemona 16: 2, talcum 16: 1, borneol, pericarpium zanthoxyli, Chinese mugwort, the tuber of stemona 16: 1, talcum 16: 1.5 successively, nearly all additive all makes the acidity of paste descend, and all is lower than pure paste.Have only 16: 2 pH of talcum to be higher than pure paste, the additive of meta-alkalescence such as the tuber of stemona own adds to but makes paste acidity reduce in the paste.
But talcose paste is carried out mildew-resistant measure (according to the method described in the embodiment 2), find that talcum does not reach the anti-mold effect of expection, three concentration of (0.5g/10mlPDA) low (0.25g/10mlPDA) all do not have anti-mold effect in high (1g/10mlPDA).So in the experiment it is cast out below, no longer adds.The anti-mold effect of alum is confirmed; and when concentration is lower than when testing for the first time also is that significantly anti-mold effect is arranged, and the increase of alum amount can reduce sample acidity, is unfavorable for the preservation of paper; so reduced the consumption of alum in the experiment afterwards, thereby reached the purpose of protection paper.The sample of talcum-alum is only at the dense (0.8g alum/10mlPDA of alum, has anti-mold effect in the time of 1g, 0.5g or 0.25g talcum/10mlPDA), thereby the mildew resistance of side light alum, but (0.5g alum/10mlPDA in the talcum-alum of reduction alum concentration, 1g, 0.5g or 0.25g talcum/10mlPDA), the low (0.2g alum/10mlPDA of talcum-alum, 1g, 0.5g or 0.25g talcum/10mlPDA) do not have mildew resistance, illustrating when alum concentration reduces arranges in pairs or groups mutually with talcum does not have the mildew-resistant characteristics.Alum and pericarpium zanthoxyli all show good fungistatic effect in paste substratum and PDA substratum, though the fungistatic effect that the tuber of stemona shows on the paste substratum, the fungistatic effect on the PDA substratum is very undesirable.We consider that in actual applications paste mildews and can be subjected to multiple factor affecting, so can not determine the fungistatic effect of the tuber of stemona in practical operation.In addition, tuber of stemona extracting solution academic title's paste color is dark brown black, has a strong impact on the outward appearance of paste.
Determining and the effect evaluation of embodiment 4, mounting paste proportioning raw materials of the present invention
1, experiment material and reagent:
(1) flour (ancient ship board, 5Kg), (2) pericarpium zanthoxyli (crude drug, purchase in shop, Tongrentang Wangjing), talcum (shop, Tongrentang Wangjing) (3) Red Star board special net skin is given birth to a surname, NDJ-1 type rotational viscosimeter (Shanghai Changji Geological Instrument Co., Ltd.), pHS-3C type precision acidity meter (Shanghai second instrument plant), YQ-Z-7 pendulum paper pull trier (Changjian Paper Mill, Sichuan Prov.), BKRE71L---4 type MIT formula folding instrument (the smart mechanism of FUJI ELECTRIC CO.LTD Amada Co., Ltd. Japan is done institute), YQ-Z-48A whiteness color measurenent instrument (the gently logical instrument development company in Hangzhou).
2, the preparation of medicine
Get two portions of pericarpium zanthoxylis (0.3g or 0.6g) and put into 2 250mL Erlenmeyer flasks difference labels respectively 8, No. 9, add the 180ml high purity water, ultrasonic (VGT-1613T Ultrasonic Cleaners, frequency 42KHz, 60 watts of power) extract 20min, supply 180mL, filter, filtrate is taken out, and is standby.The accurate weighing 0.3g of alum prepares 3 parts.
3, the making of mounting paste (thick paste)
Prepare 4 clean beakers, the paste numbering sees Table 9 experiment paste making methods
Table 9. experiment paste making method
1) making of pure flour paste
60.0g flour is put into the beaker of 500mL, add the 180mL high purity water gradually, constantly stir, flour fully is mixed, break into gruel shape (promptly " slurry ") at last.Directly place on the electric furnace, under maximum voltage, heat, the stirring that does not stop with bamboo chopstick, when treating that slurry head begins retrogradation gradually (timing), stir fast in a clockwise direction, stir always paste retrogradation, little Huang shinny, can be hot candied the time till, cool, add high purity water to the water surface and do not have paste, on beaker, cover the PE preservative film again, be placed on shady and cool lucifuge place and preserve.
2) manufacture craft of the paste of interpolation solid alum
Get the 180mL high purity water and put into the beaker of 500mL, each adds alum 0.3g, adds flour 60g while stirring.Constantly stirred, it fully is mixed, broken into gruel shape (i.e. " slurry head ") at last.Directly place on the electric furnace, under maximum voltage, heat, the stirring that does not stop, when treating that slurry head begins retrogradation gradually, stir fast in a clockwise direction, stir always paste retrogradation, little Huang shinny, can be hot candied the time till, cool, add high purity water to the water surface and do not have paste, on beaker, cover the PE preservative film again, be placed on shady and cool lucifuge place and preserve.
3) manufacture craft of the paste of interpolation solid alum and pericarpium zanthoxyli extracting solution
60.0g flour and 0.3g alum are put into the beaker of 500mL, add the supersound extraction liquid (above-mentioned 0.3g or 0.6g pericarpium zanthoxyli extract) of 180mL pericarpium zanthoxyli gradually, constantly stir, it fully is mixed, break into gruel shape (promptly " slurry ").Directly place on the electric furnace, under maximum voltage, heat, the stirring that does not stop, when treating that slurry head begins retrogradation gradually, stir fast in a clockwise direction, stir always paste retrogradation, little Huang shinny, can be hot candied the time, take off and cool, add high purity water to the water surface and do not have paste, on beaker, cover the PE preservative film again, be placed on shady and cool lucifuge place and preserve.
4, the viscosity of paste and acid test
Repair the chamber from the Palace Museum painting and calligraphy and get the former paste 100.0g that uses, label is that No. 5 (paste is made for the punching out method, concrete grammar is: 250g flour adds alum and (is converted into herein and adds the 2g alum in every 60g flour, common 8.33g) in the pot, add 70 ℃ of hot water of 250g and break into 3 slurry heads, pour into rapidly in the pot, fully stir with the 500g boiling water, break into paste, take and only get 100g.
1) thin pulp is stuck with paste the allotment of (pulp-water)
Get above-mentioned 1-5 number thick paste respectively in clean container, when smashing to pieces to no piece, add a spot of water and smash again with bamboo chopstick, and stirring is merged water and paste fully, add water again and stir, make thick paste (g): high purity water (mL)=1: 2.2 obtains thin pulp to be measured and sticks with paste.(annotate: the thin pulp that this ratio obtains is stuck with paste and is mainly used in the broken Hard copy picture of the holder heart)
2) viscosimetric analysis of thin pulp paste
Thin pulp paste to be measured is placed proper container on request, carry out the mensuration in year with calibrated good NDJ-1 type rotational viscosimeter.(concrete numerical value sees Table viscosity and the acidity table that 10 thin pulps to be measured are stuck with paste)
3) acid test of thin pulp paste
Thin pulp paste to be measured is placed proper container on request, carry out the mensuration in year with calibrated good pHS-3C type precision acidity meter.(concrete numerical value sees Table viscosity and the acidity table that 10 thin pulps to be measured are stuck with paste)
Viscosity and acidity table that table 10 thin pulp to be measured is stuck with paste
* No. 5 samples are outer sampling, and alum addition (2g) is much larger than this test 2-4 alum addition
5, the mensuration of rice paper
1) thin pulp is stuck with paste the allotment of (pulp-water)
Get 1-5 number thick paste respectively in clean container, when smashing to pieces to no piece with bamboo chopstick, add a spot of water and smash, and stir water and paste are merged fully, add water again and stir, make thick paste (g): high purity water (mL)=1: 10 obtains thin pulp and sticks with paste.
2) coating of thin pulp paste
With row brush paste is applied on the rice paper uniformly, with the rice paper hang airing.
3) test of paper performance
(1) quantitative: the quantitative mensuration of GB/T451.2-2002 paper and cardboard
(2) whiteness: GB/T7974-2002 paper and cardboard measuring brightness method
(3) tensile strength: the assay method of GB/T 12914-1991 paper and cardboard tensile strength (constant speed stretching method)
(4) fracture length: the assay method of GB/T 12914-1991 paper and cardboard tensile strength (constant speed stretching method)
(5) folding endurance: the mensuration (Xiao Baierfa) of GB/T 457-2002 paper folding endurance
(concrete numerical value sees Table the performance test table of 11 rice paper)
The performance test table of table 11. rice paper
We have selected 24 ℃ ± 5 ℃ of temperature, and the indoor environment of relative humidity 50% ± 10% is placed observation to 5 kinds of pastes.Each group is got thick paste 100g respectively, puts into same large beaker, injects 5ml water in beaker, makes the paste surface keep moistening.Observe every day 2 times.The result is as shown in table 12, and the result shows that alum addition and flour addition are that 1: 200 o'clock mildew resistance is best.
Table 12.1-5 mold test result
| The paste numbering | The medicine that adds | Naked-eye observation is to the mildew time of occurrence |
| 1 | 2.5 my god | |
| 2 | Alum (0.3g) | 4 days |
| 3 | Alum (0.3g) pericarpium zanthoxyli (0.3g) | 4 days |
| 4 | Alum (0.3g) pericarpium zanthoxyli (0.6g) | 4 days |
| 5 | Alum (about 2g) | Paste loses viscosity and mildews after 2 days |
6, experimental result and analysis
According to above-mentioned experimental result, be analyzed as follows:
1) alum, pericarpium zanthoxyli are added the influence to paste viscosity
Shown in viscosity and acidity table that table 10 thin pulp to be measured is stuck with paste, make paste viscosity sample from high to low be successively: 1 (pure paste), 4 (alum 0.3g, pericarpium zanthoxyli 0.6g), 2 (alum 0.3g), 3 (alum 0.3g, pericarpium zanthoxyli 0.3g), 5 (alum is a large amount of).
2) alum, pericarpium zanthoxyli are added the influence to paste acidity
Shown in viscosity and acidity table that table 10 thin pulp to be measured is stuck with paste, the pH value from high to low be respectively 1 (pure paste), 2 (alum 0.3g), 4 (alum 0.3g, pericarpium zanthoxyli 0.6g), 3 (alum 0.3g, pericarpium zanthoxyli 0.3g), 5 (alum is a large amount of).
3) alum, pericarpium zanthoxyli are added EFFECT OF HEMI-CELLULOSE CONTENT
The tensile strength equilibrium ratio is best than No. 3, and No. 4 the poorest.No. 3, fracture length aspect is best, and other sample datas are all not as No. 3.No. 3 also is best in the data of folding endurance, and No. 1 the poorest.
Every performance test of each sample shows that No. 3 samples are best, has only the whiteness aspect to be slightly poorer than No. 5.Therefore (flour: alum: pericarpium zanthoxyli=200: 1: 1) influence all is best to prescription from acidity, germ resistance, viscosity and to paper performance near No. 3 prescription pastes.After we made paste according to No. 3 prescriptions, when handing over the mounting personnel to carry out actually operating, the mounting personnel thought that in use viscosity is not enough.Also there is such problem really in data from our test records.Therefore proceed following formulation optimization experiment, determine the paste prescription.
Embodiment 5, formulation optimization experiment
We adjust top prescription on the basis of above-mentioned test, have reduced the consumption of pericarpium zanthoxyli.Following A, B, C assembly side paste are set, continue optimization of C:
The A group is comparative sample, flour: alum: pericarpium zanthoxyli=200: 1: 1 (is unit in the gram)
B group: flour: alum: pericarpium zanthoxyli=200: 1: 0.8 (is unit in the gram)
C group: flour: alum: pericarpium zanthoxyli=200: 1: 0.5 (is unit in the gram)
Each group that it(?) respectively will alum when making be pulverized the back and is directly added in the flour and mix, and extracts pericarpium zanthoxyli after 20 minutes with 600ml water (flour consumption 3 times) excusing from death, and polishing institute dehydration branch boils paste with extracting solution then.
1, the mensuration of viscosity and acidity
The measuring method of viscosity and acidity is with embodiment 4
A, B, C respectively organize the preparation method with the step 3) in the step 3 of embodiment 4, and the flour consumption is 60 grams, add 0.3 gram alum, behind the pericarpium zanthoxyli with 180ml water excusing from death extraction different mass (seeing Table 13), boil paste (thick paste).Thick paste thin up becomes thin pulp to stick with paste, and the water addition ratio example is as shown in table 13, measures its acidity and viscosity number.
Viscosity and acidity table that table 13. thin pulp is stuck with paste
From this test, find out, reduce the amount of pericarpium zanthoxyli, can improve the viscosity of paste, the acidity of paste is increased but too much reduce the pericarpium zanthoxyli consumption.Among three groups of the A.B.C, the paste viscosity of B group is close with the C group, greater than A group paste viscosity; The identical C group that is higher than of the ph value of the ph value of B group paste and A group paste.Viscosity and acidity that the comprehensive B of judgement organizes paste are better.
2, the performance variation of rice paper behind the muddled cloth of thin pulp:
Get A, B, three groups of thick pastes of C respectively in clean container, add a spot of water after smashing to pieces and smash, and stir water and paste are merged fully, add water again and stir, make thick paste (g): water (mL)=1: 10 obtains thin pulp and sticks with paste.With row brush paste is applied on the rice paper uniformly, with the rice paper hang airing.
3, the test of paper performance
(1) quantitative: the quantitative mensuration of GB/T451.2-2008 paper and cardboard
(2) whiteness: GB/T7974-2008 paper and cardboard measuring brightness method
(3) tensile strength: the assay method of GB/T 12914-2008 paper and cardboard tensile strength
(4) fracture length: the assay method of GB/T 12914-2008 paper and cardboard tensile strength
(5) folding endurance: the mensuration of GB/T 457-2008 paper folding endurance
The result is as shown in table 14, and the result shows that from this test, three groups of pastes of A B C are similar substantially to the paper performance influence, not too big variation.
The performance measurement of paste coating paper after the table 14. interpolation heterogeneity
3. mold test:
For A, B, the fungicidal properties of three groups of pastes of C when reality is used are tested, we have selected 24 ℃ ± 5 ℃ of temperature, and the indoor environment of relative humidity 50% ± 10% is placed observation to three kinds of pastes.Each group is got thick paste 100g respectively, puts into same large beaker, injects 5ml water in beaker, makes the paste surface keep moistening.Observe every day 2 times.Observations is as shown in Table 15, and the result shows that the mildew resistance of A, two groups of pastes of B is better by test as can be seen, and the C group is slightly weaker.
Table 15. mold test result
| The paste marshalling | The medicine that adds | Naked-eye observation is to the mildew time of occurrence |
| The A group | Alum (0.3g) pericarpium zanthoxyli (0.3g) | 4 days |
| The B group | Alum (0.3g) pericarpium zanthoxyli (0.24g) | 4 days |
| The C group | Alum (0.3g) pericarpium zanthoxyli (0.15g) | 3 days |
4. practical application effect evaluation:
We select different mounting of calligraphy and painting personnel that three groups of pastes of ABC are carried out the result of use evaluation.Dividing 10 samples, is paste marking according to personal feeling.Good hand touch is used +++, feel is more handy ++, feel generally uses+, feel is not handy-.Evaluation result is shown in table 16, and from evaluation result, the mounting personnel approve that to the paste of three kinds of prescriptions wherein, the mounting personnel generally believe that B group paste is the most handy, +++account for 90%, ++ account for 10%, do not have the general evaluation of feel.
The mounting personnel are basic identical with the evaluation of C being organized paste to the evaluation of A group paste, obviously not as B group paste good hand touch.Think that A group, the handy evaluation of C group paste only respectively have 1 example to account for 10%, feel respectively has 8 examples to account for 80% preferably, think feel general 1 example respectively arranged, account for 10%.
The evaluation of table 16. practical application effect
| Mounting of calligraphy and painting personnel's numbering | The A group | The B group | The C group |
| 1 | ++ | +++ | ++ |
| 2 | ++ | +++ | ++ |
| 3 | ++ | +++ | ++ |
| 4 | ++ | +++ | ++ |
| 5 | ++ | +++ | +++ |
| 6 | +++ | +++ | + |
| 7 | ++ | +++ | ++ |
| 8 | + | +++ | ++ |
| 9 | ++ | ++ | ++ |
| 10 | ++ | +++ | ++ |
Each factor is estimated in paper performance, actually operating after comprehensive above acidity, viscosity, fungicidal properties, the coating, and we think that B organizes paste and has good effect at annual fungicidal properties etc., and especially best on viscosity and feel, performance is the most superior.
Therefore, the present invention determines that paste of the present invention mainly made by the component of following portions by weight:
Flour: 200 parts; Alum: 1 part; Pericarpium zanthoxyli: 0.8 part.
During making alum is pulverized the back and directly mix in the adding flour, the water excusing from death was extracted pericarpium zanthoxyli after 20 minutes, and polishing institute dehydration branch boils paste with extracting solution then.Water consumption can make thick paste for the addition of every gram starch 3ml water, and thick paste can add water as required and make the thin pulp paste, is used for the mounting of calligraphy and painting, mounting and reparation that particularly useful ancient book is drawn.
The pH value of paste is higher under above-mentioned composition proportioning, and viscosity is better, and certain mildew-resistant ability is arranged, and the rice paper after the paste coating all has reasonable performance aspect four of whiteness, fracture length, folding endurance, tensile strength.And had good feel.
Claims (7)
1. mounting of calligraphy and painting paste, mainly make by the component of following portions by weight:
Flour: 200 parts;
Alum: 1 part;
Pericarpium zanthoxyli: 0.8 part.
2. mounting of calligraphy and painting paste according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described mounting of calligraphy and painting paste, make by the component of following portions by weight:
Flour: 200 parts;
Alum: 1 part;
Pericarpium zanthoxyli: 0.8 part; With
Water.
3. mounting of calligraphy and painting paste according to claim 2 is characterized in that: the ratio of described water and flour is 3ml/g.
4. the preparation method of the described mounting of calligraphy and painting paste of claim 1, be made up of following step:
1) pericarpium zanthoxyli with 0.8 weight part adds in the entry, carries out supersound extraction, obtains the pericarpium zanthoxyli extracting solution;
2) with the flour of 200 weight parts, the alum of 1 weight part, join in the pericarpium zanthoxyli extracting solution of step 1) acquisition, heating boils and obtains mounting of calligraphy and painting paste.
5. method according to claim 4 is characterized in that: in the described method, amount of water and step 2 in the described step 1)) the ratio of flour addition be 3ml: 1g.
6. according to claim 4 or 5 described methods, it is characterized in that: described ultransonic condition is frequency 42KHz, and extraction time is 20 minutes.
7. the application of any described mounting of calligraphy and painting paste in preparation mounting ancient book picture thin pulp is stuck with paste among the claim 1-3.
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| CN102487962A (en) * | 2011-12-09 | 2012-06-13 | 上海壹文阁文化传播有限公司 | Mothproof, mildew-proof and uvioresistant composite and application of composite in mounting paste |
| CN102911620A (en) * | 2011-08-05 | 2013-02-06 | 王连德 | Preparation method of calligraphy and painting mounting paste |
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