CN102142613A - 用于孔径天线的波束控制器和具有其的孔径天线 - Google Patents
用于孔径天线的波束控制器和具有其的孔径天线 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于孔径天线的波束控制器及具有其的孔径天线。一种孔径天线,能够通过连接波束控制器与单个孔径天线而在不改变孔径天线的结构的情况下控制所发射的波束的形状。包括根据本发明的波束控制器的孔径天线包括:波导;孔径喇叭,其一端连接至波导,另一端设置有开口;以及波束控制器,包括连接至开口并设置有多条狭缝的馈送单元、连接至馈送单元的电介质层、连接至电介质层以控制引入馈送单元并通过衬片发射的信号的波束形状的衬片。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于孔径天线的波束控制器和具有其的孔径天线,更具体地,本发明涉及形成有多条狭缝和多个衬片的波束控制器,以及具有该波束控制器以形成期望形式的天线波束的孔径天线。
背景技术
通常,天线向自由空间发射无线电波或者从自由空间接收无线电波。划分天线种类的标准很多。通常,可以将天线分为线性天线、孔径天线、微带天线、阵列天线、反射器天线、透镜天线等。
从天线发射的无线电波具有预定的模式,其中,发射的无线电波的极化可以根据电场或磁场振动的方向和电波传播的方向分为线性极化波、圆极化波、椭圆极化波等。
在上述天线中,阵列天线是指通过排列大量天线元件来控制每个元件的励磁电流的相位、并通过在特定方向上对准天线并匹配天线的相位来控制主要波束的形状的天线,并主要用于卫星的自动定向天线等。
有必要根据天线的应用领域来形成期望的波束形状。但是,单个天线,喇叭天线只有在天线的物理大小改变时才能形成期望形状的天线波束。
发明内容
为了提供一种通过使用将多层基板插入单个天线的波束成形机构而在不改变天线物理大小的情况下以低成本容易地形成期望的波束的波束控制器以及具有该波束控制器的孔径喇叭天线,完成了本发明。
本发明的一个示例性实施方式提供一种喇叭天线,包括:波导;孔径喇叭,其一端连接至波导,另一端设置有开口;以及波束控制器,包括连接至开口的且设置有多条狭缝的馈送单元、连接至馈送单元的电介质层、连接至电介质层以控制引入馈送单元并通过衬片发射的信号的波束形状的衬片。
当孔径喇叭为棱锥型喇叭时,波束控制器可以是四边形多层基板。
当孔径喇叭为圆形喇叭时,波束控制器可以是圆盘型多层基板。
波束控制器可以根据狭缝的长度和狭缝相对于发射信号的电场方向的倾斜度中的任意一个来控制信号的波束形状。
波束控制器可以与开口的内表面相连接。
波束控制器可以与开口的一端相连接。
多条狭缝可以被形成为,在多条狭缝从波束控制器边缘向其中央部前进的同时,提高通过相应衬片发射的信号的强度。
多条狭缝可以在发射信号的电场方向上形成。
多条狭缝中的每一条在从波束控制器边缘向其中央部前进的同时延长地形成。
多条狭缝中的每一条被形成为在从波束控制器边缘向其中央部前进的同时,相对于电场方向的角度增加。
本发明的另一示例性实施方式提供一种波导天线,包括:波导,其一端形成有开口;以及波束控制器,包括连接至开口并设置有多条狭缝的馈送单元、连接至馈送单元的电介质层、连接至电介质层以控制引入馈送单元并通过衬片发射的信号的波束形状的多个衬片。
波束控制器可以根据狭缝的长度和狭缝相对于发射信号的电场方向的倾斜度中的任意一个来控制信号的波束形状。
波束控制器可以与开口的内表面或开口的一端相连接。
在多条狭缝从波束控制器边缘向其中央部前进的同时,可以以提高通过相应衬片发射的信号的强度的方式在发射信号的电场方向上形成多条狭缝。
多条狭缝在从波束控制器边缘向其中央部前进的同时可以延长地形成。
多条狭缝中的每一条被形成为具有相对于电场方向的预定角度。
本发明的又一示例性实施方式提供一种波束控制器,包括:馈送单元,与孔径天线的开口相连接并形成有多条狭缝;电介质层,与馈送单元相连接以防止馈送信号的损耗;以及多个衬片,与电介质层相连接以向空中发射馈送信号,其中,波束控制器根据狭缝的长度和狭缝相对于发射信号的电场方向的倾斜度中的任意一个来控制信号的波束形状。
多条狭缝被形成为在从波束控制器边缘向其中央部前进的同时,提高通过相应衬片发射的信号的强度。
多条狭缝中的每一条在从波束控制器边缘向其中央部前进的同时延长地形成。
多条狭缝中的每一条被形成为在从波束控制器边缘向其中央部前进的同时,相对于信号的电场方向的角度增加。
根据本发明的示例性实施方式,波束控制器及具有其的孔径天线可以在不改变天线物理结构的情况下容易地形成期望形状的发射波束。
此外,根据本发明的示例性实施方式,波束控制器及具有其的孔径天线能够使用以多层基板形成的波束控制器来控制波束形状,从而使降低孔径天线的制造成本成为可能。
附图说明
图1是包括根据本发明示例性实施方式的波束控制器的孔径喇叭天线的分解透视图;
图2A和图2B分别是根据本发明示例性实施方式的波束控制器的前视图和后视图;
图3是沿图1的线B-B’截取的波束控制器的侧面剖视图;
图4A和图4B分别是沿图1的线A-A’截取的孔径喇叭天线的侧面剖视图;
图5A和图5B及图5C和图5D是现有技术的孔径喇叭天线的波束形状和根据本发明示例性实施方式的孔径喇叭天线的波束形状的对比图;
图6是根据本发明示例性实施方式的形成有狭缝的波束控制器的后视图;
图7示出了波束控制器中的具有各种长度和倾斜度的狭缝;
图8是根据本发明另一示例性实施方式的形成有狭缝的波束控制器的后视图;以及
图9A、图9B和图9C分别示出了能够与根据本发明示例性实施方式的波束控制器连接的孔径喇叭天线和波导天线的实例。
具体实施方式
以下,将参照附图对本发明的示例性实施方式进行详细说明。首先,注意,在每幅附图给出的元件的参考标号方面,虽然在不同的附图中示出相同的元件,但相同的参考标号指的是相同的元件。此外,在说明本发明的过程中,在其被认为模糊了本发明主旨的情况下,将不会对现有的公知功能或构造进行详细说明,且单数术语包含复数概念。以下,将对本发明的示例性实施方式进行说明,本领域技术人员应当理解,本发明的精神和范围不限于此,可以进行各种修改和改变。
图1是包括根据本发明示例性实施方式的波束控制器的孔径喇叭天线的分解透视图,图2是根据本发明示例性实施方式的波束控制器的前视图和后视图,图3是沿图1中线B-B’截取的波束控制器的侧面剖视图,图4是沿图1中线A-A’截取的孔径喇叭天线的侧面剖视图。
以下,将参照图1~图4对根据本发明示例性实施方式的孔径喇叭天线100和波束控制器200进行详细说明。
根据图1~图3,根据本发明示例性实施方式的孔径喇叭天线100被配置为包括:波导110;孔径喇叭120,其一端连接至波导,另一端设置有开口121;馈送单元210,与开口相耦合并设置有多条狭缝211;波束控制器200,包括连接至馈送单元的电介质层220,以及连接至电介质层以控制引入馈送单元并通过衬片发射的信号的波束形状的多个衬片230。
当孔径喇叭为棱锥形时,波束控制器200以四边形多层基板形成,当孔径喇叭为圆形时,则以圆盘型多层基板形成波束控制器200。
可以将多条狭缝211形成为具有各种长度L和(相对于在金属材料板(即,馈送单元210)上的发射信号的电场方向的)各种角度θ。另外,可以将多条狭缝211形成为在馈送单元上具有相同的长度和相同的角度,并且可以根据期望的波束形状将其形成为具有不同的长度和不同的角度。
波束控制器200可以根据狭缝的长度L和狭缝相对于发射信号的电场方向ε的倾斜度θ中的至少一个来控制信号的波束形状。
参照图2和图3,从波导110空间地馈送到孔径喇叭120中的信号分别通过在波束控制器200后表面处形成的多条狭缝211馈送到波束控制器200,从在波束控制器200前表面处形成的多个衬片230发射,并形成期望的波束形状。孔径喇叭天线100在波束控制器处可以具有多种大小/数量的狭缝以及多种大小的衬片,以控制从每个衬片发射的信号的大小/相位,从而使获得与阵列天线相同的效果成为可能。即,即使当使用单个喇叭天线时,孔径喇叭天线也能与阵列天线类似地控制波束形状。
以如下方式形成波束控制器200。
在电介质层220的前表面和后表面上形成金属层,然后移除除了衬片部分以外的其余金属层以在电介质层220的前表面上形成多个衬片230,并移除电介质层220后表面的金属层中对应于多条狭缝211的金属层部分。在这种情况下,通常采用蚀刻法作为移除金属层的方法。即,狭缝极性采用如下原理,其中,信号入射至金属然后从那里反射,但是引入金属间隙中。在不移除中间层(即,形成有多条狭缝的馈送单元210和多个衬片之间的电介质层)的情况下,通过多个衬片以尽可能低的损耗率发射分别馈送到狭缝的信号。
参照图4,波束控制器200连接至孔径喇叭的开口121。在这种情况下,如图4A所示,波束控制器200可以通过插入到孔径喇叭的开口121中而与其连接,从而孔径喇叭的开口的远端内表面122与波束控制器边缘侧表面相接触。另外,如图4B所示,波束控制器200可以与孔径喇叭的开口121相连接,从而喇叭的开口121的截面与馈送单元的边缘相接触。前者的连接形式有利于连接。即使在这种情况下,优选地,通过将电介质螺钉从开口的外部远端插入波束控制器中来连接波束控制器与开口。
在多条狭缝211从波束控制器边缘向其中央部前进的同时,其可以被形成为提高从相应衬片发射的信号强度。在这种情况下,优选地,多条狭缝211中的每一条在从波束控制器200的边缘向其中央部前进的同时延伸地形成;或者多条狭缝中的每一条被形成为使得在其从波束控制器边缘向其中央部前进的同时,相对于电场方向的角度增大。
由于狭缝的形成和排列,当波束强度在波束控制器的中央部变大而在其剩余的边缘部分变弱时,即,当旁瓣较小且波束集中在其中央时,波束宽度较窄,这可以应用于需要窄波束宽度的用途。此外,根据狭缝长度的变化和狭缝角度的变化恰当地控制狭缝的形成和排列,从而使获得与上述波束形状不同的波束形式成为可能。
图5A和图5B示出了现有技术的孔径喇叭天线及现有技术的孔径喇叭天线的波束形状,图5C和图5D示出了根据本发明示例性实施方式的包括波束控制器的孔径喇叭天线及孔径喇叭天线的波束形状。为了视觉上的方便,图5C示出了从图1的孔径喇叭天线移除了波束控制器的状态。
参照图5,现有技术的孔径喇叭天线被形成为使得从开口发射的波束形状在其中央部较小,而根据本发明示例性实施方式的孔径喇叭天线可以改变狭缝的方位角/仰角、方向和数量以及狭缝的大小,以便其能够控制波束以获得期望的波束形状,与(排列有多个天线的)阵列天线相似或相同。因此,通过经由衬片向开口的中央部集中信号能量,通过狭缝馈送的信号形成了期望的波束形状。
图6是根据本发明示例性实施方式的形成有狭缝的波束控制器的后视图,图7示出了波束控制器中形成的具有各种长度和倾斜度的狭缝,图8是根据本发明另一示例性实施方式的形成有狭缝的波束控制器的后视图。
如上所述,根据本发明示例性实施方式的波束控制器控制在后表面上形成的多条狭缝的倾斜度和狭缝的长度从而决定从狭缝发射的信号强度。
参照图6,根据本发明另一示例性实施方式的波束控制器300包括在其后表面上(从基于电介质层320的馈送单元310在垂直于电场方向ε的方向上)形成的五条狭缝311和在其前表面上形成的五个衬片330。五个衬片330具有相同的大小,且五条狭缝在长度L和相对于电场方向ε的角度θ方面也相同,从而通过各狭缝发射的信号大小变得相同。
波束控制器控制多条狭缝中的每条的长度和相对于电场方向的角度θ,以使通过在后表面上形成的多条狭缝馈送的信号大小相对地不同。
参照图7和图8,使用者将波束控制器400设计成包括五个衬片430和相应的五条狭缝411,从而从孔径喇叭的开口的中央发射的信号的大小大于从孔径喇叭的开口的边缘发射的信号的大小,以便通过衬片430发射的信号的幅度比可以为1∶2∶3∶2∶1。
首先,如图7中所示,获得从边缘向中央形成的狭缝S的长度L1、L2、L3和倾斜度θ1、θ2、θ3,以使信号的幅度比变为1∶2∶3。利用所获得的狭缝的长度和倾斜度,在波束控制器400中从衬片430的中央左右对称地形成狭缝411。波束控制器400将具有小能量的信号发射到其边缘并将具有大能量的信号发射到其中央部,从而发射的波束形状变为使用者期望的形状。
这里,狭缝S的长度为L1<L2<L3,而狭缝S的倾斜度θ1<θ2<θ3。
图9示出了能够与根据本发明示例性实施方式的波束控制器连接的孔径喇叭天线和波导天线的实例。
图9A示出了使现有技术的棱锥型喇叭天线与矩形板波束控制器相连接的实例,图9B示出了使现有技术的圆形喇叭天线与圆盘波束控制器相连接的实例,以及图9C示出了将现有技术的波导天线与矩形板波束控制器相连接的实例。
波束控制器可以从孔径喇叭天线或波导天线的开口拆下。在这种情况下,优选地,在开口中设置波束控制器的可拆卸部件。此外,可以在波束控制器中形成波束控制器的可拆卸部件。
如上所述,根据本发明示例性实施方式的包括形成有多条狭缝和多个衬片的多层基板形式的波束控制器的孔径喇叭天线,能够形成从单个天线发射的信号的波束形状。
对本发明的精神已经进行了举例说明。本领域技术人员应当理解,在不背离本发明基本特性的情况下,可以存在各种修改、改变和替换。因此,本发明所公开的实施方式及所用附图并不是为了对本发明的精神进行限制而是为了进行说明。本发明的范围不限于实施方式和附图。本发明的保护范围必须通过所附权利要求进行分析,且应该在其等同物的范围内的所有精神都包括在本发明所附权利要求的情况下进行分析。
Claims (20)
1.一种喇叭天线,包括:
波导;
孔径喇叭,其一端连接至所述波导,另一端设置有开口;以及
波束控制器,包括连接至所述开口且设置有多条狭缝的馈送单元、连接至所述馈送单元的电介质层、连接至所述电介质层以控制引入所述馈送单元并通过衬片发射的信号的波束形状的多个所述衬片。
2.根据权利要求1所述的喇叭天线,其中,当所述孔径喇叭为棱锥型喇叭时,所述波束控制器是四边形多层基板。
3.根据权利要求1所述的喇叭天线,其中,当所述孔径喇叭为圆型喇叭时,所述波束控制器是圆盘型多层基板。
4.根据权利要求1所述的喇叭天线,其中,所述波束控制器根据所述狭缝的长度和所述狭缝相对于发射信号的电场方向的倾斜度中的任意一个来控制信号的波束形状。
5.根据权利要求1所述的喇叭天线,其中,所述波束控制器与所述开口的内表面相连接。
6.根据权利要求1所述的喇叭天线,其中,所述波束控制器与所述开口的一端相连接。
7.根据权利要求1所述的喇叭天线,其中,所述多条狭缝被形成为,在所述多条狭缝从所述波束控制器边缘向其中央部前进的同时,提高通过相应衬片发射的信号的强度。
8.根据权利要求7所述的喇叭天线,其中,所述多条狭缝在所述发射信号的电场方向上形成。
9.根据权利要求8所述的喇叭天线,其中,所述多条狭缝中的每一条在从所述波束控制器边缘向其中央部前进的同时延长地形成。
10.根据权利要求8所述的喇叭天线,其中,所述多条狭缝中的每一条被形成为在从所述波束控制器边缘向其中央部前进的同时,相对于所述电场方向的角度增加。
11.一种波导天线,包括:
波导,其一端形成有开口;以及
波束控制器,包括连接至所述开口且设置有多条狭缝的馈送单元、连接至所述馈送单元的电介质层、连接至所述电介质层以控制引入所述馈送单元并通过衬片发射的信号的波束形状的多个所述衬片。
12.根据权利要求11所述的波导天线,其中,所述波束控制器根据所述狭缝的长度和所述狭缝相对于所述发射信号的电场方向的倾斜度中的任意一个来控制所述信号的波束形状。
13.根据权利要求11所述的波导天线,其中,所述波束控制器与所述开口的内表面或所述开口的一端相连接。
14.根据权利要求13所述的波导天线,其中,在所述多条狭缝从所述波束控制器边缘向其中央部前进的同时,以提高通过相应衬片发射的信号的强度的方式在所述发射信号的电场方向上形成所述多条狭缝。
15.根据权利要求14所述的波导天线,其中,所述多条狭缝在从所述波束控制器边缘向其中央部前进的同时延长地形成。
16.根据权利要求14所述的波导天线,其中,所述多条狭缝中的每一条被形成为具有相对于所述电场方向的预定角度。
17.一种波束控制器,包括:
馈送单元,与孔径天线的开口相连接并形成有多条狭缝;
电介质层,与所述馈送单元相连接以防止馈送信号的损耗;以及
多个衬片,与所述电介质层相连接以将所述馈送信号发射到空中,
其中,所述波束控制器根据所述狭缝的长度和所述狭缝相对于所述信号的电场方向的倾斜度中的任意一个来控制信号的波束形状。
18.根据权利要求17所述的波束控制器,其中,所述多条狭缝被形成为在从所述波束控制器边缘向其中央部前进的同时,提高通过相应衬片发射的信号的强度。
19.根据权利要求17所述的喇叭天线,其中,所述多条狭缝中的每一条在从所述波束控制器边缘向其中央部前进的同时延长地形成。
20.根据权利要求17所述的波束控制器,其中,所述多条狭缝中的每一条被形成为在从所述波束控制器边缘向其中央部前进的同时,相对于所述信号的电场方向的角度增加。
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US20110140980A1 (en) | 2011-06-16 |
CN102142613B (zh) | 2014-03-12 |
US8686911B2 (en) | 2014-04-01 |
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