CN102141318B - Pulse tube refrigerator - Google Patents
Pulse tube refrigerator Download PDFInfo
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- CN102141318B CN102141318B CN201110034086.6A CN201110034086A CN102141318B CN 102141318 B CN102141318 B CN 102141318B CN 201110034086 A CN201110034086 A CN 201110034086A CN 102141318 B CN102141318 B CN 102141318B
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- pulse tube
- condenser
- refrigerating machine
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/10—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point with several cooling stages
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/14—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle
- F25B9/145—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle pulse-tube cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
- F25B2309/14—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the cycle used
- F25B2309/1406—Pulse-tube cycles with pulse tube in co-axial or concentric geometrical arrangements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
- F25B2309/14—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the cycle used
- F25B2309/1408—Pulse-tube cycles with pulse tube having U-turn or L-turn type geometrical arrangements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
- F25B2309/14—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the cycle used
- F25B2309/1413—Pulse-tube cycles characterised by performance, geometry or theory
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
- F25B2309/14—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the cycle used
- F25B2309/1415—Pulse-tube cycles characterised by regenerator details
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
- F25B2309/14—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the cycle used
- F25B2309/1421—Pulse-tube cycles characterised by details not otherwise provided for
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Containers, Films, And Cooling For Superconductive Devices (AREA)
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a pulse tube refrigerator, capable of restraining convection in a space between a regenerator tube and a pulse tube. The pulse tube refrigerator includes the regenerator tube; the pulse tube; and a condenser condensing an atmospheric gas and disposed at cold ends of the regenerator tube and the pulse tube so as to also function as a cooling stage. The condenser includes a first surface and a second surface facing each other, a flow path having two openings on the first surface and connecting the cold end of the regenerator tube and the cold end of the pulse tube, and multiple holes extending from the second surface. The holes formed in an area of the condenser defined by a circle having the center on a straight line connecting the centers of the openings of the flow path do not pass through the condenser up to the first surface. The circle is the smallest circle enclosing the openings or a circumscribed circle circumscribing the openings.
Description
Technical field
The application advocates the priority of No. 2010-022473rd, Japanese patent application based on February 3rd, 2010 application.The full content of this application is applied in this description by reference.
The present invention relates to a kind of pulse tube refrigerating machine, relates in particular to a kind of pulse tube refrigerating machine of the condensation function with atmosphere gas.
Background technology
In the past, when the cooling device that needs ultra-low temperature surroundings, for example, when nuclear magnetic resonance diagnosis device (MRI) etc., used pulse tube refrigerating machine.
In pulse tube refrigerating machine, by the refrigerant gas as working fluid of compressor compresses (for example repeatedly carry out, helium) action that flows into the action of cold accumulator and pulse tube and flow out by compressor recovery operation fluid and from pulse tube and cold accumulator, thus form cold in the low-temperature end of cold accumulator and pulse tube.And, in these low-temperature end, cooling bench is set, and makes this cooling bench thermo-contact in the cooled body as the object that is cooled, and can seize heat from cooled body.
For example, pulse tube refrigerating machine is applicable to MRI while using cryostat, and the cooling bench of pulse tube refrigerating machine is disposed in the space being communicated with the liquid helium groove that accommodates MRI magnet, and MRI magnet is cooled to ultralow temperature thus.
In addition, for MRI magnet is continued to maintain ultralow temperature, the liquid helium of the amount gasifying by heat exchange constantly need to be supplemented to liquid helium groove.Therefore,, in general situation, for the helium of gasification is turned back to liquid condition again, near cooling bench, (for example, cooling bench under) arranges condenser.And, in patent documentation 1, be shown with the pulse tube refrigerating machine of such condenser and cooling bench one formation.
Patent documentation 1: TOHKEMY 2006-214717 communique
With regard to condenser, more with the thermo-contact chance of helium, condensation efficiency (cooling effectiveness of helium) more improves.Therefore,, in general situation, multiple grooves for increasing surface area are set on condenser.
Fig. 1 represents to have multiple this grooves and the schematic isometric of the condenser that plays a role as cooling bench.
In Fig. 1, have above 2 and 3 below as the condenser 60 of cooling bench, above 2 be connected with the low-temperature end 42b of cold accumulator 41 and the low-temperature end 47b of pulse tube 46.The low-temperature end 42b of cold accumulator 41 is communicated with by the gas flow passage 48 being formed in condenser 60 with the low-temperature end 47b of pulse tube 46.And condenser 60 has the multiple grooves 10 that run through that run through up and down to accompanying drawing, the surface area of condenser 60 increases thus.
In addition, although do not represent in Fig. 1, condenser 60 is contained in thermally insulated container.And 3 downside is provided with the liquid helium groove that accommodates MRI magnet below condenser 60.Therefore, in housing, become helium atmosphere.
If temperature is by rising with the heat exchange of MRI magnet, the liquid helium in liquid helium groove gasifies and becomes helium.This helium is again cooled and becomes liquid in the time contacting with condenser 60, and turns back in liquid helium groove.Thereby, in liquid helium groove, supply with all the time by condenser 60 liquid helium that has the amount of supplementing gasification helium, maintain thus the ultralow temperature (for example 4K left and right) of MRI magnet.
But, in the structure of this condenser 60, there is following problem: the part of the helium being gasified by liquid helium groove runs through groove 10 through what be arranged at condenser 60, arrives near the space between cold accumulator 41 and pulse tube 46 with comparalive ease from the lower space 75 of Fig. 1.Thus, the helium flow velocity in the space between cold accumulator 41 and pulse tube 46 increases, convection heat losses increases, if and the generation of this convection current becomes remarkable, there is the cold accumulator 41 of pulse tube refrigerating machine and the temperature of pulse tube 46 changes, and the worry that declines of the cooling performance of pulse tube refrigerating machine entirety.
Summary of the invention
The present invention completes in view of this problem, and in the present invention, its object is, a kind of pulse tube refrigerating machine with condenser type is provided, and it can be suppressed at generation convection current in the space between cold accumulator and pulse tube effectively.
In the present invention, provide a kind of pulse tube refrigerating machine, have: cold accumulator; Pulse tube; Condenser, possesses the condensation function of atmosphere gas, and plays a role as the cooling bench of the low-temperature end of described cold accumulator and described pulse tube, it is characterized in that,
The low-temperature end of described cold accumulator is connected by the circulation road being formed in described condenser with the low-temperature end of described pulse tube,
Described condenser has opposed the 1st surface and the 2nd surface mutually, and the 1st end of described circulation road and 2 openings that the 2nd end is used are set on described the 1st surface, and described the 2nd surface has the multiple grooves that extend from the 2nd surface,
When observing with the direction of the axially parallel of described cold accumulator or pulse tube,
Described groove the smallest circle that comprises described 2 openings or with described 2 openings in be not through to described the 1st surface in the round region that connects, described circle is the circle on the straight line at center of 2 openings that links described circulation road with center.
In based on pulse tube refrigerating machine of the present invention, can be also as follows: described condenser has the side that links described the 1st surface and described the 2nd surface,
At least one in described groove has opening in described side.
And, in based on pulse tube refrigerating machine of the present invention, can be also as follows: described condenser has the side that links described the 1st surface and described the 2nd surface,
Described side has the recess along periphery,
At least one in described groove has opening at described recess.
And, in based on pulse tube refrigerating machine of the present invention, can be also as follows: described multiple grooves all do not run through.
And, in the present invention, provide a kind of pulse tube refrigerating machine, it has the condenser of atmosphere gas and is arranged at the cooling bench on this condenser, the low-temperature end of cold accumulator is connected by the circulation road that is formed at this cooling bench with the low-temperature end of pulse tube, it is characterized in that
Described cooling bench has opposed the 1st surface and the 2nd surface mutually, and the 1st end of described circulation road and 2 openings that the 2nd end is used are set on described the 1st surface,
Multiple grooves that described condenser has mutually opposed the 3rd surface and the 4th surface and extends from described the 4th surface,
Compared with described the 4th surface, described the 2nd surface of described the 3rd more close described cooling bench in surface of described condenser,
When observing with the direction of the axially parallel of described cold accumulator or pulse tube,
Described groove as linking on the straight line at center of 2 openings of described circulation road, have smallest circle circle, that comprise described 2 openings at center or with described 2 openings in be not through to described the 1st surface in the region of the circle that connects.
In based on pulse tube refrigerating machine of the present invention, can be also as follows: this pulse tube refrigerating machine is multi-stag pulse tube refrigerating machine,
Described atmosphere gas is helium.
Now, described cooling bench can be also lowest temperature cooling bench.
And, in based on pulse tube refrigerating machine of the present invention, can be also as follows: described the 4th face side at described condenser arranges liquid helium groove.
Or, in based on pulse tube refrigerating machine of the present invention, can be also as follows: this pulse tube refrigerating machine is single stage type pulse tube refrigerating machine,
Described atmosphere gas is nitrogen.
Invention effect
In the present invention, can provide a kind of pulse tube refrigerating machine with condenser type, it can be suppressed at generation convection current in the space between cold accumulator and pulse tube effectively.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is near the schematic isometric condenser in pulse tube refrigerating machine in the past.
Fig. 2 is the cutaway view that represents briefly the example based on pulse tube refrigerating machine of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the cutaway view that represents an example of the condenser based on pulse tube refrigerating machine of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is top view and the upward view that represents an other example of the condenser based on pulse tube refrigerating machine of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the stereogram that schematically represents an other example of the condenser based on pulse tube refrigerating machine of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the stereogram that schematically represents an other example of the condenser based on pulse tube refrigerating machine of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is the cutaway view that schematically represents an other example of the condenser based on pulse tube refrigerating machine of the present invention.
In figure: above 2-condenser, below 3-condenser, 10-runs through groove, 41-cold accumulator, the low-temperature end of 42b-cold accumulator, 46-pulse tube, the low-temperature end of 47b-pulse tube, 48-gas flow passage, 65-upper space, 75-lower space, 100-pulse tube refrigerating machine, above 102-condenser, below 103-condenser, the side of 104-condenser, 105-basket, 110-upper case body, 111-compressor, 112-switch valve, 113-switch valve, 114, 116-pipe arrangement, the 1st grade of reservoir of 115A-, the 2nd grade of reservoir of 115B-, 117-aperture, 118a, 118b, 119a, 119b-heat exchanger, 120-cold head portion, 121-flange, the 1st grade of cooling bench of 130-(cooling stage), the 1st grade of cold accumulator of 131-, 132, 137, 142, 147-cylinder, 132a, 137a-temperature end, 132b, 137b-low-temperature end, 133-cool storage material, the 1st grade of pulse tube of 136-, 138-gas flow passage, the 2nd grade of cold accumulator of 141-, 142a, 147a-temperature end, 142b, 147b-low-temperature end, 143-cool storage material, the 2nd grade of pulse tube of 146-, 148-gas flow passage, 150-the 1st thermally insulated container, 152-the 2nd thermally insulated container, 153-liquid helium groove, 154-liquid helium, 155-MRI magnet, the 2nd grade of cooling bench of 160-, condenser, 165-upper space, 175-lower space, 190-recess, 210-part 1, the horizontal plane of 215-part 1, 220-part 2, the horizontal plane of 225-part 2, the sidepiece of 230-recess.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention is described in detail below.
Fig. 2 represents the concise and to the point structure cutaway view based on pulse tube refrigerating machine of the present invention.In the example of Fig. 2, be 2 grades of formula pulse tube refrigerating machines based on pulse tube refrigerating machine of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 2, possess compressor 111, upper case body 110 based on 2 grades of formula pulse tube refrigerating machines 100 of the present invention and be linked to the cold head portion 120 of this upper case body 110 by flange 121.
Upper case body 110 has basket 105, accommodates the 1st grade of reservoir 115A, the 2nd grade of reservoir 115B, switch valve 112, switch valve 113 and aperture 117 etc. in this basket 105.Switch valve 112 and switch valve 113 are connected in compressor 111 by pipe arrangement 114.
Cold head portion 120 has the 1st grade of cold accumulator 131, the 1st grade of pulse tube 136, the 1st grade of cooling bench 130, the 2nd grade of cold accumulator 141, the 2nd grade of pulse tube 146 and the 2nd grade of cooling bench 160.
The 1st grade of cold accumulator 131 is for example by stainless steel hollow form cylinder 132 be filled in the cool storage materials 133 such as its inner copper or stainless steel woven wire and form.The 1st grade of pulse tube 136 is for example made up of stainless steel hollow form cylinder 137.Temperature end 132a, the 137a of these cylinders 132,137 are fixed on flange 121, and low-temperature end 132b, the 137b of these cylinders 132,137 is connected in the 1st grade of cooling bench 130.On the temperature end 137a of the 1st grade of pulse tube 136, be provided with heat exchanger 118a, on low-temperature end 137b, be provided with heat exchanger 118b.The low-temperature end 137b that the 1st grade of cooling bench 130 is formed with 138, the 1 grades of pulse tubes 136 of gas flow passage is therein connected by gas flow passage 138 with the low-temperature end 132b of the 1st grade of cold accumulator 131.
And the 2nd grade of cold accumulator 141 is for example by stainless steel hollow form cylinder 142 be filled in the cool storage materials 143 such as its inner copper or stainless steel woven wire and form.The 2nd grade of pulse tube 146 is for example made up of stainless steel hollow form cylinder 147.The temperature end 142a of the 2nd grade of cold accumulator 141 is connected in the low-temperature end 132b of the cylinder 132 of the 1st grade of cold accumulator 131 by the 1st grade of cooling bench 130, the low-temperature end 142b of the 2nd grade of cold accumulator 141 is connected in the 2nd grade of cooling bench 160.The temperature end 147a of the 2nd grade of pulse tube 146 is fixed on flange 121, and low-temperature end 147b is connected in the 2nd grade of cooling bench 160.On the temperature end 147a of the 2nd grade of pulse tube 146, be provided with heat exchanger 119a, on the low-temperature end 147b of the 2nd grade of pulse tube 146, be provided with heat exchanger 119b.The low-temperature end 147b that the inside of the 2nd grade of cooling bench 160 is formed with 148, the 2 grades of pulse tubes 146 of gas flow passage is connected by gas flow passage 148 with the low-temperature end 142b of the 2nd grade of cold accumulator 141.
In pulse tube refrigerating machine 100, cold high pressure gas is supplied to the 1st grade of cold accumulator 131 from compressor 111 by switch valve 112 and pipe arrangement 114, and low pressure cold gas is discharged to compressor 111 from grade of 1 cold accumulator 131 by pipe arrangement 114 and switch valve 113.The temperature end 137a of the 1st grade of pulse tube 136 is above connected with the 1st grade of reservoir 115A by aperture 117 and pipe arrangement 116.And the temperature end 147a of the 2nd grade of pulse tube 146 is above connected with the 2nd grade of reservoir 115B by aperture 117 and pipe arrangement 116.Aperture 117 is brought into play the function of the phase difference between pressure oscillation and the Volume Changes of refrigerant gas that adjustment cycle changes on the 1st grade of pulse tube 136 and the 2nd grade of pulse tube 146.
In the cold head portion 120 of pulse tube refrigerating machine 100, the space between flange 121～1st grade cooling bench 130 is contained in the 1st thermally insulated container 150 that is filled with helium.
And in the cold head portion 120 of pulse tube refrigerating machine 100, the space (upper space 165) between the 1st grade of cooling bench 130～2nd grade cooling bench 160 is contained in the 2nd thermally insulated container 152.And the 2nd thermally insulated container 152 possesses the space (lower space 175) that contains downside liquid helium groove 153, the 2nd grade of cooling bench 160.In liquid helium groove 153, accommodate liquid helium 154 and MRI magnet 155.Liquid helium groove 153 by lower space 175 to be arranged in the 2nd thermally insulated container 152 with the 2nd grade of opposed mode of cooling bench 160.
The 2nd grade of cooling bench 160 also plays a role as condenser.Thereby the 2nd grade of cooling bench 160 is also referred to as condenser 160 in the following description.
The action of the pulse tube refrigerating machine 100 that then, simple declaration forms like this.First, if switch valve 112 becomes out state, switch valve 113 becomes off status, and cold high pressure gas flows into the 1st grade of cold accumulator 131 from compressor 111.When temperature being declined by the refrigerant gas in the 1st grade of cold accumulator 131 of the cooling inflow of cool storage material 133, through gas flow passage 138, flow into the inside of the 1st grade of pulse tube 136 from the low-temperature end 132b of the 1st grade of cold accumulator 131.Now, pass through flowed into cold high pressure gas and compress the low pressure cold gas that preexists in the 1st grade of pulse tube 136 inside.Thus, the pressure of the refrigerant gas in the 1st grade of pulse tube 136 becomes higher than the pressure in the 1st grade of reservoir 115A, and refrigerant gas flows into the 1st grade of reservoir 115A through small holes 117 and pipe arrangement 116.
And, also flow into the 2nd grade of cold accumulator 141 by a part for the cooling cold high pressure gas of the 1st grade of cold accumulator 131.This refrigerant gas is further cooled when temperature is declined by cool storage material 143, through gas flow passage 148, flows into the inside of the 2nd grade of pulse tube 146 from the low-temperature end 142b of the 2nd grade of cold accumulator 141.Now, pass through flowed into cold high pressure gas and compress the low pressure cold gas that preexists in the 2nd grade of pulse tube 146 inside.Thus, the pressure of the refrigerant gas in the 2nd grade of pulse tube 146 becomes higher than the pressure in the 2nd grade of reservoir 115B, and refrigerant gas flow into the 2nd grade of reservoir 115B through small holes 117 and pipe arrangement 116.
Then,, if closing switch valve 112 is opened switch valve 113, the refrigerant gas in the 1st grade of pulse tube 136 and the 2nd grade of pulse tube 146 is respectively when cooling cool storage material 133 and 143, through the 1st grade of cold accumulator 131 and the 2nd grade of cold accumulator 141.And, through the refrigerant gas of the 2nd grade of cold accumulator 141 further through the 1st grade of cold accumulator 131.Afterwards, refrigerant gas turns back to compressor 111 from the temperature end 132a of the 1st grade of cold accumulator 131 through switch valve 113.At this, the 1st grade of pulse tube 136 and the 2nd grade of pulse tube 146 are connected with the 1st grade of reservoir 115A and the 2nd grade of reservoir 115B by aperture 117 respectively, so the phase place of the Volume Changes of the phase place of the pressure oscillation of refrigerant gas and refrigerant gas changes with certain phase difference.Because of this phase difference, produce at the low-temperature end 137b of the 1st grade of pulse tube 136 and the low-temperature end 147b of the 2nd grade of pulse tube 146 cold expanding based on refrigerant gas.Pulse tube refrigerating machine 100 is by above-mentioned action repeatedly and play a role as refrigeration machine.
At this, a part for the liquid helium 154 in liquid helium groove 153 is by gasifying with the heat exchange of MRI magnet 155, so lower space 175 and the upper space 165 that is communicated with lower space 175 become helium atmosphere.And, if this helium is that condenser 160 contacts with cooling bench 160, again seized heat and the liquefaction that is cooled, turn back to liquid helium groove 153.By this cycle period, supplement successively the liquid helium of the amount of gasification to liquid helium groove 153, and MRI magnet 155 can be maintained to ultralow temperature.
At this, with regard to condenser, more with the thermo-contact chance of helium, condensation efficiency (cooling effectiveness of helium) more improves.Therefore,, in general situation, multiple grooves for increasing surface area are set on condenser.
But, as previously mentioned, during for condenser 60 as Fig. 1 structure, a part for the helium being gasified by liquid helium groove runs through groove 10 through what be arranged at condenser 60, arrives with comparalive ease near the space between the 2nd grade of cold accumulator 141 and the 2nd grade of pulse tube 146 from the lower space 75 of Fig. 1.As a result, the space between the 2nd grade of cold accumulator 141 and the 2nd grade of pulse tube 146 of upper space 65, helium flow velocity increases, and convection heat losses increases.And, if the generation of this convection current becomes significantly, exist the cold accumulator 41 of pulse tube refrigerating machine and the temperature of pulse tube 46 to change, and the worry of the cooling performance of pulse tube refrigerating machine entirety decline.
In contrast, in the present invention, condenser 160 is configured to, and can not be supplied to simply convection current and produces near the space between debatable the 2nd grade of cold accumulator 141 and the 2nd grade of pulse tube 146 by being arranged at groove in condenser 160 through the helium of gasification.Therefore, be effectively suppressed in the present invention generation convection current in the space between the 2nd grade of cold accumulator 141 and the 2nd grade of pulse tube 146.
Fig. 3 represents an example of the schematic sectional view of the condenser 160 as the 2nd grade of cooling bench 160 based on pulse tube refrigerating machine 100 of the present invention.In Fig. 3, omit the parts such as the 2nd grade of cold accumulator 141 and the 2nd grade of pulse tube 146.And, in order to make clear, also omit the gas flow passage 148 that connects the low-temperature end 142b of the 2nd grade of cold accumulator 141 and the low-temperature end 147b of the 2nd grade of pulse tube 146.
As shown in Figure 3, in order to increase surface area, condenser 160 has multiple grooves 110.These grooves 110 103 have opening below condenser 160, and 102 extend above condenser 160.But groove 110 is not through to above 102, and becomes the non-groove that runs through.
During for this condenser 160, different from the condenser 60 shown in Fig. 1, helium cannot directly be circulated to upper space 165 from lower space 175 by the groove 110 of condenser 160.Produce convection current thereby can effectively be suppressed in the present invention in the space between the 2nd grade of cold accumulator 141 and the 2nd grade of pulse tube 146, and cooling performance that can suppressor pulse pipe refrigeration machine entirety declines.In addition, now, the circulation of the helium between upper space 165 and lower space 175 is undertaken by the peripheral part (, the gap between the inwall of the 2nd thermally insulated container 152 and the 2nd grade of cooling bench 160) of the 2nd grade of cooling bench 160.
At this, in the example of the condenser 160 shown in Fig. 3,102 planes that have with respect to vertical direction approximate horizontal above of condenser 160.But, in condenser 160, above 102 can be surface with respect to horizontal direction inclination certain angle, or also can there is the surface of " circular cone " shape or " frustum of a cone " shape.Now, easily make the liquid helium of 102 condensations on condenser 160 fall to liquid helium groove 153.
And in the example of the condenser 160 shown in Fig. 3, the groove 110 that is formed at condenser 160 all becomes the non-groove that runs through.But in the present invention, the formation state of the groove 110 of condenser 160 is not limited to this form.
In Fig. 4, represent other examples of the condenser in the present invention.The upper figure of Fig. 4 is equivalent to the top view of condenser 160-2, and figure below of Fig. 4 is equivalent to the upward view of condenser 160-2.That is, in the upper figure of Fig. 4, be shown with above 102 of condenser 160-2, in figure below of Fig. 4, be shown with below condenser 160-2 103.In addition, in order to make clear, in the upper figure of Fig. 4, be shown with the profile of low-temperature end 142b part of the 2nd grade of cold accumulator 141 and the profile of the low-temperature end 147b part of the 2nd grade of pulse tube 146 with broken circle respectively.And, in two figure, be shown with gas flow passage 148 with dotted line.
As shown in Figure 4, condenser 160-2 has 2 kinds of groove 110a and 110b.The 1st groove 110a is the non-groove that runs through, not 102 side openings on condenser 160-2.On the other hand, the 2nd groove 110b is for running through groove, below condenser 160-2 103 be through to above 102.
The position that arranges of the 1st groove 110a is not particularly limited, and as long as not interfering the position of gas flow passage 148, can be arranged on any position.In contrast, the 2nd groove 110b is only arranged at the outside of the region S of the line division representing with curve R.
In addition, in Fig. 4, curve R is the circle on straight line L with center O, this inscribed is in 2 opening 148A, 148B of gas flow passage 148, this straight line L be in the time that upper (or under) observes condenser 160-2, link be formed at above the center O 1, the straight line of O2 of 2 opening 148A, 148B of 102 gas flow path 148.But generally,, when 2 opening 148A, 148B of gas flow path 148 have the shape beyond circle, curve R normally comprises the smallest circle of 2 opening 148A, 148B.
It is apparent in the condenser 160-2 of groove 110a, 110b with such formation, also can obtaining foregoing effect of the present invention.This is that the helium running through in condenser 160-2 can directly not be supplied to convection current and produce near the space between debatable the 2nd grade of cold accumulator 141 and the 2nd grade of pulse tube 146 because in this condenser 160-2.
Thus clearly, in the present invention, importantly do not form and run through groove 110b in the inner side of region S, as long as meet this condition, the configuration of groove 110 is not particularly limited.And the form (running through groove or the non-groove that runs through) of groove 110 is also not particularly limited.
But the viewpoint that the convection current in the space between the 2nd grade of cold accumulator 141 and the 2nd grade of pulse tube 146 suppresses is considered, suppresses to run through the number of groove 110b, more can obtain larger effect, this is self-evident.
Fig. 5 represents another other examples of the condenser in the present invention.In figure, in order to make clear, and omit gas flow passage 148.In this condenser 160-3, each groove 110c below condenser 160-3 103 and side 104 there is peristome, and be formed as " bending " shape of " font of falling L ".In addition, in each groove 110c, laterally extending part and part extending longitudinally may not be necessarily orthogonal with the angle of 90 °.And each groove 110c can have the shape beyond " bending " shape of " font of falling L ", each groove 110c for example also can be from the side 104 to below 103 roughly straight line extend.
And, in figure, being only shown with the groove 110c of " bending " shape of " font of falling L ", but in addition, condenser 160-3 can also have multiple 103 non-grooves that run through that possess opening below.And, as previously mentioned, if the outside of region S (not shown in Fig. 5) also can have the groove of running through.
Even in this structure, because can not directly being supplied to convection current, the helium running through in condenser 160-3 produces near the space between debatable the 2nd grade of cold accumulator 141 and the 2nd grade of pulse tube 146, so can obtain aforementioned effect.
Fig. 6 represents another other examples of the condenser in the present invention.In figure, in order to make clear, and omit gas flow passage 148.This condenser 160-4 has the side 104 that possesses recess 190 at middle body., on condenser 160-4, form part 1 210 (upper portion of recess 190) and part 2 220 (lower portion of recess 190) by recess 190.In part 1 210, form and 102 and below 103 parallel horizontal planes 215 above condenser 190-4.In part 2 220, form and 102 and below 103 parallel horizontal planes 225 above condenser 190-4.And part 2 220 has multiple groove 110d that run through, these run through groove from 103 being through to horizontal plane 225 below.
In addition, in figure, be only shown be formed at part 2 220 run through groove 110d, but in addition, part 2 220 can also have multiple 103 non-grooves that run through that possess opening below.And part 1 210 also can have multiple non-grooves that run through at horizontal plane 215 with opening.In addition, if the outside of part 1 210 aforementioned areas S (not shown in Fig. 6) also can have the groove of running through.
Even in this structure, because can not directly being supplied to convection current, the helium running through in condenser 160-4 produces near the space between debatable the 2nd grade of cold accumulator 141 and the 2nd grade of pulse tube 146, so also can obtain aforementioned effect.
Fig. 7 represents another other examples of the condenser in the present invention.In Fig. 7, in order to make clear, and omit gas flow passage 148.This condenser 160-5 and aforementioned condenser 160-4 form in the same manner.But, during for this condenser 160-5, the sidepiece 230 that is formed on recess 190 in part 2 220 (lower portion of recess 190) have multiple " fonts of falling L " of opening " bending " shape run through groove 110e.In addition, in Fig. 7, be also shown with and multiplely run through groove 110d, run through groove 110d but also can not form these.And identical with the condenser 160-4 of Fig. 6, part 2 220, except running through groove, can also have multiple 103 non-grooves that run through that possess opening below.And part 1 210 also can have multiple non-grooves that run through that possess opening at horizontal plane 215.
Above, as pulse tube refrigerating machine, enumerating 2 grades of formula devices is that example has illustrated feature of the present invention.But in the present invention, pulse tube refrigerating machine can be also 3 grades of above multi-stag or single stage type pulse tube refrigerating machines.
And, in above-mentioned record as the atmosphere gas in the 1st thermally insulated container the 150, the 2nd thermally insulated container 152, taking the situation that uses helium as example has illustrated feature of the present invention.But the atmosphere in each thermally insulated container can be also the atmosphere beyond helium.For example, in single stage type pulse tube refrigerating machine, because the temperature of cooling bench is 40K～50K left and right, so can use nitrogen as atmosphere gas.Now, liquid helium groove is replaced to liquid nitrogen tank.
And in above-mentioned record, situation about forming taking condenser and cooling bench one is illustrated as example.But condenser and cooling bench can be also parts respectively.Now, in Fig. 2, also can be at the downside butt condenser of cooling bench.
[embodiment]
Below, the embodiment of the present invention is described.
Reality turns round to 2 of Fig. 2 structure grades of formula pulse tube refrigerating machines, and measures the temperature of the 1st grade of cooling bench and the 2nd grade of cooling bench and grasp effect of the present invention.
With regard to condenser, use the condenser of Fig. 1 structure, below condenser to the condenser above with multiple condensers that run through groove that generally perpendicularly extend with respect to these planes (experiment 1) and Fig. 3 structure, below condenser, generally perpendicularly extend with respect to this face, but be not through to condenser (experiment 2) above.In experiment 1,2, groove number and configuration are set in the same manner.Groove sum is set as approximately 30, and groove diameter is all set as about 4mm.With regard to groove, both avoided being formed with the region of the gas flow passage that pulse tube and cold accumulator use, again as far as possible uniformly-spaced to configure.In addition, used helium as the atmosphere gas in the 1st and the 2nd thermally insulated container 150,152.
In table 1, represent the result obtaining.
[table 1]
| Experiment | The 1st grade of cooling bench temperature | The 2nd grade of cooling bench temperature |
| Experiment 1 | 45.9K | 4.35K |
| Experiment 2 | 45.5K | 4.31K |
As shown in Table, the thermic load of the 1st grade of cooling bench is set as to 30W, and when the thermic load of the 2nd grade of cooling bench is set as to 1.0W, in experiment 1, the temperature of the 1st grade of cooling bench becomes 45.9K, the temperature of the 2nd grade of cooling bench becomes 4.35K.On the other hand, in experiment 2, the temperature of the 1st grade of cooling bench becomes 45.5K, and the temperature of the 2nd grade of cooling bench becomes 4.31K.
From this results verification to, by the structure of condenser of the present invention, the temperature of the 2nd grade of cooling bench reduces effectively.
Industrial applicibility
The present invention can be applicable to the various cold storage refrigeration machine of the condenser that possesses atmosphere gas, for example, possess the pulse tube refrigerating machine of the condenser of atmosphere gas etc.
Claims (10)
1. a pulse tube refrigerating machine, has: cold accumulator; Pulse tube; And condenser, possess the condensation function of atmosphere gas, and play a role as the cooling bench of the low-temperature end of described cold accumulator and described pulse tube, it is characterized in that,
The low-temperature end of described cold accumulator is connected by the circulation road being formed in described condenser with the low-temperature end of described pulse tube,
Described condenser has opposed the 1st surface and the 2nd surface mutually, and the 1st end of described circulation road and 2 openings that the 2nd end is used are set on described the 1st surface, and described the 2nd surface has the multiple grooves that extend from the 2nd surface,
When observing with the direction of the axially parallel of described cold accumulator or pulse tube,
Described groove as linking smallest circle in the circle on the straight line at center of 2 openings of described circulation road with center, that comprise described 2 openings or with described 2 openings in be not through to described the 1st surface in the region of the circle that connects,
The smallest circle that comprises described 2 openings or with described 2 openings in outside the region of the circle that connects, described groove is through to described the 1st surface.
2. a pulse tube refrigerating machine, has: cold accumulator; Pulse tube; And condenser, possess the condensation function of atmosphere gas, and play a role as the cooling bench of the low-temperature end of described cold accumulator and described pulse tube, it is characterized in that,
The low-temperature end of described cold accumulator is connected by the circulation road being formed in described condenser with the low-temperature end of described pulse tube,
Described condenser has opposed the 1st surface and the 2nd surface mutually, and the 1st end of described circulation road and 2 openings that the 2nd end is used are set on described the 1st surface, and described the 2nd surface has the multiple grooves that extend from the 2nd surface,
When observing with the direction of the axially parallel of described cold accumulator or pulse tube,
Described groove as linking smallest circle in the circle on the straight line at center of 2 openings of described circulation road with center, that comprise described 2 openings or with described 2 openings in be not through to described the 1st surface in the region of the circle that connects,
Described condenser has the side that links described the 1st surface and described the 2nd surface,
At least one in described groove has opening in described side.
3. pulse tube refrigerating machine as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that,
Described condenser has the side that links described the 1st surface and described the 2nd surface,
Described side has the recess along periphery,
At least one in described groove has opening at described recess.
4. a pulse tube refrigerating machine, has the condenser of atmosphere gas and is arranged at the cooling bench on this condenser, and the low-temperature end of cold accumulator is connected by the circulation road that is formed at this cooling bench with the low-temperature end of pulse tube, it is characterized in that,
Described cooling bench has opposed the 1st surface and the 2nd surface mutually, and the 1st end of described circulation road and 2 openings that the 2nd end is used are set on described the 1st surface,
Multiple grooves that described condenser has mutually opposed the 3rd surface and the 4th surface and extends from described the 4th surface,
Compared with described the 4th surface, described the 2nd surface of described the 3rd more close described cooling bench in surface of described condenser,
When observing with the direction of the axially parallel of described cold accumulator or pulse tube,
Described groove as linking smallest circle in the circle on the straight line at center of 2 openings of described circulation road with center, that comprise described 2 openings or with described 2 openings in be not through to described the 1st surface in the region of the circle that connects.
5. the pulse tube refrigerating machine as described in any one in claims 1 to 3, this pulse tube refrigerating machine is multi-stag pulse tube refrigerating machine, it is characterized in that,
Described atmosphere gas is helium.
6. pulse tube refrigerating machine as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that,
Described cooling bench is lowest temperature cooling bench.
7. the pulse tube refrigerating machine as described in any one in claims 1 to 3, is characterized in that,
Described the 2nd face side at described condenser is provided with liquid helium groove.
8. pulse tube refrigerating machine as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that,
Described the 2nd face side at described condenser is provided with liquid helium groove.
9. pulse tube refrigerating machine as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that,
Described the 2nd face side at described condenser is provided with liquid helium groove.
10. the pulse tube refrigerating machine as described in any one in claim 1 to 4, this pulse tube refrigerating machine is single stage type pulse tube refrigerating machine, it is characterized in that,
Described atmosphere gas is nitrogen.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP022473/2010 | 2010-02-03 | ||
| JP2010022473 | 2010-02-03 |
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| CN102141318B true CN102141318B (en) | 2014-07-30 |
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| CN201110034086.6A Active CN102141318B (en) | 2010-02-03 | 2011-01-31 | Pulse tube refrigerator |
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| CN (1) | CN102141318B (en) |
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| CN113740789B (en) * | 2018-01-19 | 2023-09-19 | 北京绪水互联科技有限公司 | Method for quantitatively describing cold head efficiency |
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| US20070028588A1 (en) * | 2005-08-03 | 2007-02-08 | General Electric Company | Heat transfer apparatus and systems including the apparatus |
| WO2009086430A2 (en) * | 2007-12-28 | 2009-07-09 | D-Wave Systems Inc. | Systems, methods, and apparatus for cryogenic refrigeration |
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- 2011-01-28 US US13/015,774 patent/US20110185747A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-01-31 CN CN201110034086.6A patent/CN102141318B/en active Active
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| US5711156A (en) * | 1995-05-12 | 1998-01-27 | Aisin Seiki Kabushiki Kaisha | Multistage type pulse tube refrigerator |
| CN1606680A (en) * | 2001-10-19 | 2005-04-13 | 牛津磁体技术有限公司 | A pulse tube refrigerator sleeve |
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| US20110185747A1 (en) | 2011-08-04 |
| CN102141318A (en) | 2011-08-03 |
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