JP5425754B2 - Pulse tube refrigerator - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a pulse tube refrigerator, and more particularly to a pulse tube refrigerator having an atmospheric gas condensing function.

  2. Description of the Related Art A pulse tube refrigerator is used for cooling an apparatus that requires a cryogenic environment, such as a nuclear magnetic resonance diagnostic apparatus (MRI).

  In a pulse tube refrigerator, a refrigerant gas (for example, helium gas), which is a working fluid compressed by a compressor, flows into the regenerator and the pulse tube, and the working fluid is recovered by the compressor, and the pulse tube and the regenerator By repeating the operation of flowing out of the tube, cold is formed at the low temperature ends of the regenerator tube and the pulse tube. A cooling stage is installed at these low-temperature ends, and heat can be taken from the object to be cooled by bringing the cooling stage into thermal contact with the object to be cooled.

  For example, when a pulse tube refrigerator is applied to an MRI cryostat, the cooling stage of the pulse tube refrigerator is disposed in a space communicating with a liquid helium tank in which the MRI magnet is accommodated, whereby the MRI magnet is poled. Cool to low temperature.

  In order to keep the MRI magnet at a very low temperature, it is necessary to constantly replenish the liquid helium tank with the liquid helium vaporized by heat exchange. Therefore, in a normal case, in order to return the vaporized helium gas to the liquid state again, a condenser is installed in the vicinity of the cooling stage (for example, immediately below the cooling stage). Patent Document 1 discloses a pulse tube refrigerator in which such a condenser is integrated with a cooling stage.

JP 2006-214717 A

  The condenser has higher condensation efficiency (cooling efficiency of helium gas) as the chance of thermal contact with helium gas increases. For this reason, the condenser is usually provided with a number of grooves for increasing the surface area.

  FIG. 1 shows a schematic perspective view of a condenser having such a large number of grooves and functioning also as a cooling stage.

  In FIG. 1, the condenser 60, which is also a cooling stage, has an upper surface 2 and a lower surface 3, and the upper surface 2 is connected to the cold end 42 b of the cold storage tube 41 and the cold end 47 b of the pulse tube 46. The low temperature end 42 b of the cold storage tube 41 and the low temperature end 47 b of the pulse tube 46 are communicated by a gas flow passage 48 formed in the condenser 60. Moreover, the condenser 60 has many through-grooves 10 penetrating up and down in the figure, whereby the surface area of the condenser 60 is increased.

  In addition, although not shown in FIG. 1, the condenser 60 is accommodated in the heat insulation container. In addition, a liquid helium tank containing an MRI magnet is provided below the lower surface 3 of the condenser 60. For this reason, the inside of the housing is a helium gas atmosphere.

  The liquid helium in the liquid helium tank is vaporized into helium gas when the temperature rises due to heat exchange with the MRI magnet. This helium gas is cooled again when it comes into contact with the condenser 60, becomes liquid, and returns to the liquid helium tank. Accordingly, liquid helium is supplied to the liquid helium tank by the condenser 60 so as to replenish the vaporized helium at all times, thereby maintaining the extremely low temperature (for example, about 4K) of the MRI magnet.

  However, in such a configuration of the condenser 60, a part of the helium gas vaporized from the liquid helium tank passes through the through groove 10 provided in the condenser 60 and is relatively easy from the lower space 75 of FIG. 1. In addition, there is a problem that it reaches the vicinity of the space between the cold storage tube 41 and the pulse tube 46. As a result, the helium gas flow rate in the space between the regenerator tube 41 and the pulse tube 46 increases, convective heat loss increases, and when the occurrence of such convection becomes significant, the regenerator tube 41 of the pulse tube refrigerator and The temperature of the pulse tube 46 may change, and the cooling performance of the entire pulse tube refrigerator may be reduced.

  The present invention has been made in view of such problems. In the present invention, the present invention is a pulse tube refrigerator having a condenser, and the occurrence of convection in the space between the regenerator tube and the pulse tube is significant. An object of the present invention is to provide a pulse tube refrigerator that is suppressed by the above.

In the present invention,
A pulse tube refrigerator having a regenerator tube and a pulse tube, and a condenser having a function of condensing atmospheric gas, and functioning as a cooling stage at a low temperature end of the regenerator tube and the pulse tube,
The cold end of the regenerator tube and the cold end of the pulse tube are connected via a flow passage formed in the condenser,
The condenser has a first surface and a second surface facing each other, and the first surface is provided with two openings for a first end and a second end of the flow passage, The second surface has a plurality of grooves extending from the second surface;
When viewed from a direction parallel to the axial direction of the regenerator tube or pulse tube,
In a region of a circle having a center on a straight line connecting the centers of the two openings of the flow path and including the two openings or a circle inscribed in the two openings, the groove is A pulse tube refrigerator is provided that is not penetrated to the first surface.

In the pulse tube refrigerator according to the present invention, the condenser has a side surface that connects the first surface and the second surface,
At least one of the grooves may have an opening on the side surface.

In the pulse tube refrigerator according to the present invention, the condenser has a side surface that connects the first surface and the second surface,
The side surface has a recess along the outer periphery,
At least one of the grooves may have an opening in the recess.

  In the pulse tube refrigerator according to the present invention, all of the plurality of grooves may not be penetrated.

In the present invention,
It has a condenser for atmospheric gas and a cooling stage provided on the condenser, and the cold end of the regenerator tube and the cold end of the pulse tube are connected via a flow passage formed in the cooling stage. A pulse tube refrigerator,
The cooling stage has a first surface and a second surface facing each other, and the first surface is provided with two openings for the first end and the second end of the flow passage,
The condenser has a third surface and a fourth surface facing each other, and a plurality of grooves extending from the fourth surface,
The third surface of the condenser is closer to the second surface of the cooling stage than the fourth surface;
When viewed from a direction parallel to the axial direction of the regenerator tube or pulse tube,
In a region of a circle having a center on a straight line connecting the centers of the two openings of the flow path and including the two openings or a circle inscribed in the two openings, the groove is A pulse tube refrigerator is provided that is not penetrated to the first surface.

In the pulse tube refrigerator according to the present invention, the pulse tube refrigerator is a multi-stage pulse tube refrigerator,
The atmospheric gas may be helium gas.

  In this case, the cooling stage may be a cooling stage for the lowest temperature.

  In the pulse tube refrigerator according to the present invention, a liquid helium tank may be installed on the fourth surface side of the condenser.

Alternatively, in the pulse tube refrigerator according to the present invention, the pulse tube refrigerator is a single-stage pulse tube refrigerator,
The atmospheric gas may be nitrogen gas.

  In the present invention, it is possible to provide a pulse tube refrigerator of a type having a condenser, in which the occurrence of convection in the space between the cold storage tube and the pulse tube is significantly suppressed.

It is a typical perspective view of the condenser vicinity in the conventional pulse tube refrigerator. It is sectional drawing which showed roughly an example of the pulse tube refrigerator by this invention. It is sectional drawing which showed an example of the condenser of the pulse tube refrigerator by this invention. It is the top view and bottom view which showed another example of the condenser of the pulse tube refrigerator by this invention. It is the perspective view which showed typically another example of the condenser of the pulse tube refrigerator by this invention. It is the perspective view which showed typically another example of the condenser of the pulse tube refrigerator by this invention. It is sectional drawing which showed typically another example of the condenser of the pulse tube refrigerator by this invention.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail.

  FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a pulse tube refrigerator according to the present invention. In the example of FIG. 2, the pulse tube refrigerator according to the present invention is a two-stage pulse tube refrigerator.

  As shown in FIG. 2, a two-stage pulse tube refrigerator 100 according to the present invention includes a compressor 111, an upper housing part 110, and a cold head part 120 connected to the upper housing part 110 via a flange 121. It has.

  The upper housing part 110 has a housing 105, and the housing 105 accommodates a first stage reservoir 115A, a second stage reservoir 115B, an on-off valve 112, an on-off valve 113, an orifice 117, and the like. . The opening / closing valve 112 and the opening / closing valve 113 are connected to the compressor 111 via a pipe 114.

  The cold head unit 120 includes a first-stage regenerator tube 131, a first-stage pulse tube 136, a first-stage cooling stage 130, a second-stage regenerator tube 141, a second-stage pulse tube 146, and a second-stage cooling stage 160. .

  The first-stage regenerator tube 131 includes, for example, a stainless steel hollow cylinder 132 and a regenerator material 133 such as copper or stainless steel wire net filled therein. The first stage pulse tube 136 is composed of, for example, a stainless steel hollow cylinder 137. The high temperature ends 132 a and 137 a of these cylinders 132 and 137 are fixed to the flange 121, and the low temperature ends 132 b and 137 b of these cylinders 132 and 137 are connected to the first stage cooling stage 130. A heat exchanger 118a is installed at the high temperature end 137a of the first stage pulse tube 136, and a heat exchanger 118b is installed at the low temperature end 137b. A gas flow path 138 is formed in the first stage cooling stage 130, and the low temperature end 137 b of the first stage pulse tube 136 and the low temperature end 132 b of the first stage regenerative tube 131 are connected to the gas flow path 138. Connected through.

  The second-stage regenerator tube 141 includes, for example, a stainless steel hollow cylinder 142 and a regenerator material 143 such as copper or stainless steel wire net filled therein. The second stage pulse tube 146 includes a hollow cylinder 147 made of stainless steel, for example. The high temperature end 142a of the second-stage regenerator tube 141 is connected to the low-temperature end 132b of the cylinder 132 of the first-stage regenerator tube 131 via the first-stage regenerator stage 130, and the low-temperature end 142b of the second-stage regenerator tube 141 is The second stage cooling stage 160 is connected. The high temperature end 147 a of the second stage pulse tube 146 is fixed to the flange 121, and the low temperature end 147 b is connected to the second stage cooling stage 160. A heat exchanger 119a is installed at the high temperature end 147a of the second stage pulse tube 146, and a heat exchanger 119b is installed at the low temperature end 147b of the second stage pulse tube 146. A gas flow path 148 is formed in the second stage cooling stage 160, and the low temperature end 147 b of the second stage pulse tube 146 and the low temperature end 142 b of the second stage regenerator pipe 141 are connected to the gas flow path 148. Connected through.

  In the pulse tube refrigerator 100, high-pressure refrigerant gas is supplied from the compressor 111 to the first-stage regenerator tube 131 through the open / close valve 112 and the pipe 114, and low-pressure refrigerant gas is supplied from the first-stage regenerator tube 131. It is discharged to the compressor 111 through the pipe 114 and the opening / closing valve 113. A first stage reservoir 115 </ b> A is connected to the high temperature end 137 a of the first stage pulse tube 136 via an orifice 117 and a pipe 116. The second stage reservoir 115B is connected to the high temperature end 147a of the second stage pulse tube 146 via an orifice 117 and a pipe 116. The orifice 117 serves to adjust the phase difference between the periodically changing refrigerant gas pressure and volume change in the first-stage pulse tube 136 and the second-stage pulse tube 146.

  In the cold head part 120 of the pulse tube refrigerator 100, the space between the flange 121 and the first stage cooling stage 130 is accommodated in a first heat insulating container 150 filled with helium gas.

  In the cold head unit 120 of the pulse tube refrigerator 100, the space (upper space 165) between the first stage cooling stage 130 and the second stage cooling stage 160 is accommodated in the second heat insulating container 152. Yes. Further, the second heat insulating container 152 includes a space (lower space 175) below the second stage cooling stage 160 in which the liquid helium tank 153 is accommodated. A liquid helium 154 and an MRI magnet 155 are accommodated in the liquid helium tank 153. The liquid helium tank 153 is installed in the second heat insulating container 152 so as to face the second stage cooling stage 160 through the lower space 175.

  The second cooling stage 160 also functions as a condenser. Therefore, in the following description, the second cooling stage 160 is also referred to as a condenser 160.

  Next, operation | movement of the pulse tube refrigerator 100 comprised in this way is demonstrated easily. First, when the on-off valve 112 is opened and the on-off valve 113 is closed, high-pressure refrigerant gas flows from the compressor 111 into the first stage regenerator tube 131. The refrigerant gas that has flowed into the first-stage regenerator tube 131 is cooled by the regenerator material 133 and decreases its temperature, while passing through the gas flow path 138 from the low temperature end 132b of the first-stage regenerator tube 131, and the first-stage pulse tube 136. Flows into the interior. At this time, the low-pressure refrigerant gas previously present in the first stage pulse tube 136 is compressed by the high-pressure refrigerant gas that has flowed. As a result, the pressure of the refrigerant gas in the first stage pulse tube 136 becomes higher than the pressure in the first stage reservoir 115A, and the refrigerant gas flows into the first stage reservoir 115A through the orifice 117 and the pipe 116. To do.

  Further, part of the high-pressure refrigerant gas cooled by the first stage regenerator tube 131 also flows into the second stage regenerator tube 141. The refrigerant gas is further cooled by the cold storage material 143 and lowered in temperature, and flows into the second stage pulse tube 146 from the low temperature end 142b of the second stage cold storage tube 141 through the gas flow passage 148. At this time, the low-pressure refrigerant gas previously existing in the second stage pulse tube 146 is compressed by the high-pressure refrigerant gas that has flowed. As a result, the pressure of the refrigerant gas in the second stage pulse tube 146 becomes higher than the pressure in the second stage reservoir 115B, and the refrigerant gas flows into the second stage reservoir 115B through the orifice 117 and the pipe 116. To do.

  Next, when the on-off valve 112 is closed and the on-off valve 113 is opened, the refrigerant gas in the first-stage pulse tube 136 and the second-stage pulse tube 146 cools the regenerators 133 and 143, respectively, It passes through the regenerator tube 131 and the second-stage regenerator tube 141. The refrigerant gas that has passed through the second-stage regenerator tube 141 further passes through the first-stage regenerator tube 131. Thereafter, the refrigerant gas returns from the high temperature end 132 a of the first stage regenerator tube 131 through the opening / closing valve 113 to the compressor 111. Here, the first-stage pulse tube 136 and the second-stage pulse tube 146 are connected to the first-stage reservoir 115A and the second-stage reservoir 115B via the orifice 117, respectively. The phase and the phase of the change in volume of the refrigerant gas change with a constant phase difference. Due to this phase difference, cold occurs due to expansion of the refrigerant gas at the low temperature end 137b of the first stage pulse tube 136 and the low temperature end 147b of the second stage pulse tube 146. The pulse tube refrigerator 100 functions as a refrigerator by repeating the above operation.

  Here, since a part of the liquid helium 154 in the liquid helium tank 153 is vaporized by heat exchange with the MRI magnet 155, the upper space 165 communicated with the lower space 175 and the lower space 175 becomes a helium gas atmosphere. ing. Further, when this helium gas comes into contact with the cooling stage 160, that is, the condenser 160, the heat is again taken away to be cooled and liquefied and returned to the liquid helium tank 153. By such a circulation cycle, the liquid helium tank 153 is sequentially replenished with the vaporized liquid helium, and the MRI magnet 155 can be maintained at a very low temperature.

  Here, the condensation efficiency (cooling efficiency of helium gas) of the condenser increases as the chance of thermal contact with the helium gas increases. For this reason, the condenser is usually provided with a number of grooves for increasing the surface area.

  However, as described above, in the case of the condenser 60 configured as shown in FIG. 1, a part of the helium gas vaporized from the liquid helium tank passes through the through groove 10 provided in the condenser 60, and is shown in FIG. 1. From the lower space 75, the vicinity of the space between the second-stage regenerator tube 141 and the second-stage pulse tube 146 is relatively easily reached. As a result, in the space between the second-stage regenerator tube 141 and the second-stage pulse tube 146 in the upper space 65, the helium gas flow rate increases and the convective heat loss increases. In addition, when such convection occurs, the temperature of the regenerator tube 41 and the pulse tube 46 of the pulse tube refrigerator changes, and the cooling performance of the entire pulse tube refrigerator may be reduced.

  On the other hand, in the present invention, the condenser 160 uses the second-stage regenerator tube 141 and the second-stage pulse in which the vaporized helium gas causes convection generation through a groove provided in the condenser 160. It is structured so that it is not easily supplied in the vicinity of the space between the tubes 146. For this reason, in this invention, generation | occurrence | production of the convection in the space between the 2nd stage cold storage tube 141 and the 2nd stage pulse tube 146 is suppressed significantly.

  In FIG. 3, an example of typical sectional drawing of the condenser 160 used as the 2nd cooling stage 160 of the pulse tube refrigerator 100 by this invention is shown. In FIG. 3, members such as the second-stage regenerator tube 141 and the second-stage pulse tube 146 are omitted. The gas flow path 148 connecting the low temperature end 142b of the second stage regenerator tube 141 and the low temperature end 147b of the second stage pulse tube 146 is also omitted for the sake of clarity.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the condenser 160 has a large number of grooves 110 to increase the surface area. These grooves 110 have openings on the lower surface 103 of the condenser 160 and extend toward the upper surface 102 of the condenser 160. However, the groove 110 is not penetrated to the upper surface 102 and is a non-penetrating groove.

  In the case of such a condenser 160, unlike the condenser 60 as shown in FIG. 1, helium gas flows directly from the lower space 175 to the upper space 165 through the groove 110 of the condenser 160. I can't. Therefore, in the present invention, it is possible to significantly suppress the occurrence of convection in the space between the second-stage regenerator tube 141 and the second-stage pulse tube 146, and to reduce the cooling performance of the entire pulse tube refrigerator. Can be suppressed. In this case, the flow of helium gas between the upper space 165 and the lower space 175 is performed between the outer periphery of the second stage cooling stage 160 (that is, the inner wall of the second heat insulating container 152 and the second stage cooling stage 160). Between the gaps).

  Here, in the example of the condenser 160 shown in FIG. 3, the upper surface 102 of the condenser 160 has a substantially horizontal plane with respect to the vertical direction. However, in the condenser 160, the upper surface 102 may be a surface that is inclined at an angle with respect to the horizontal direction, or may have a “conical” or “conical” shape. In this case, it becomes easy to drop the liquid helium condensed on the upper surface 102 of the condenser 160 toward the liquid helium tank 153.

  Further, in the example of the condenser 160 shown in FIG. 3, all the grooves 110 formed in the condenser 160 are non-penetrating grooves. However, in the present invention, the formation state of the groove 110 of the condenser 160 is not limited to such a mode.

  FIG. 4 shows another example of the condenser in the present invention. The upper diagram in FIG. 4 corresponds to a top view of the condenser 160-2, and the lower diagram in FIG. 4 corresponds to a bottom view of the condenser 160-2. That is, the upper view of FIG. 4 shows the upper surface 102 of the condenser 160-2, and the lower view of FIG. 4 shows the lower surface 103 of the condenser 160-2. For the sake of clarity, in the upper diagram of FIG. 4, the outline of the low-temperature end 142 b portion of the second-stage regenerator tube 141 and the outline of the low-temperature end 147 b portion of the second-stage regenerator tube 146 are respectively indicated by broken circles. It is shown. Moreover, in both figures, the gas flow path 148 is shown with the broken line.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the condenser 160-2 has two types of grooves 110a and 110b. The first groove 110a is a non-penetrating groove and is not opened on the upper surface 102 side of the condenser 160-2. On the other hand, the second groove 110b is a through groove and penetrates from the lower surface 103 to the upper surface 102 of the condenser 160-2.

  The installation location of the first groove 110a is not particularly limited, and may be installed at any position as long as it does not interfere with the gas flow passage 148. On the other hand, the second groove 110b is installed only outside the region S defined by the line indicated by the curve R.

  In FIG. 4, a curve R indicates the centers O1 and O2 of the two openings 148A and 148B of the gas flow passage 148 formed in the upper surface 102 when the condenser 160-2 is viewed from above (or from below). It is a circle having a center O on the connecting straight line L, and this circle is inscribed in the two openings 148A and 148B of the gas flow passage 148. However, generally, when the two openings 148A, 148B of the gas flow passage 148 have a shape other than a circle, the curve R is the smallest circle that includes the two openings 148A, 148B.

  It will be apparent that the effect of the present invention as described above can also be obtained in the condenser 160-2 having the grooves 110a and 110b configured as described above. Also in this condenser 160-2, helium gas penetrating through the condenser 160-2 is directly supplied in the vicinity of the space between the second-stage regenerator tube 141 and the second-stage pulse tube 146 where convection is a problem. This is because there is nothing to do.

  As is clear from this, what is important in the present invention is that the through groove 110b is not formed inside the region S, and the arrangement of the groove 110 is not particularly limited as long as this is satisfied. . Also, the form of the groove 110 (through groove or non-through groove) is not particularly limited.

  However, from the viewpoint of suppressing convection in the space between the second-stage regenerator tube 141 and the second-stage pulse tube 146, it goes without saying that a greater effect can be obtained as the number of through grooves 110b is suppressed.

  FIG. 5 shows still another example of the condenser in the present invention. In the figure, the gas flow passage 148 is omitted for clarity. In this condenser 160-3, each groove 110c has an opening on the lower surface 103 and the side surface 104 of the condenser 160-3, and is formed in an “reverse L-shaped” “elbow” shape. In each groove 110c, the portion extending in the horizontal direction and the portion extending in the vertical direction are not necessarily orthogonal to each other at an angle of 90 °. Each groove 110c may have a shape other than an “inverted L-shaped” “elbow” shape, and each groove 110c may extend substantially linearly from the side surface 104 to the lower surface 103, for example. good.

  Further, in the drawing, only the “reverse L-shaped” “elbow” -shaped groove 110 c is shown, but the condenser 160-3 also has a plurality of non-through-grooves having openings on the lower surface 103. You may have. Further, as described above, a through-groove may be provided outside the region S (not shown in FIG. 5).

  Even in such a configuration, helium gas penetrating through the condenser 160-3 is directly supplied in the vicinity of the space between the second-stage regenerator tube 141 and the second-stage pulse tube 146 where convection generation is a problem. Therefore, the above-described effects can be obtained.

  FIG. 6 shows still another example of the condenser in the present invention. In the figure, the gas flow passage 148 is omitted for clarity. The condenser 160-4 has a side surface 104 having a recess 190 at the center. That is, in the condenser 160-4, the first portion 210 (upper portion of the recess portion 190) and the second portion 220 (lower portion of the recess portion 190) are formed by the recess portion 190. A horizontal plane 215 parallel to the upper surface 102 and the lower surface 103 of the condenser 190-4 is formed in the first portion 210. In the second portion 220, a horizontal plane 225 parallel to the upper surface 102 and the lower surface 103 of the condenser 190-4 is formed. Further, the second portion 220 has a large number of through grooves 110 d, and these through grooves penetrate from the lower surface 103 to the horizontal plane 225.

  Although only the through-groove 110d formed in the second portion 220 is shown in the drawing, the second portion 220 has a plurality of non-through-grooves having openings in the lower surface 103 in addition to this. May be. Further, the first portion 210 may have a plurality of non-penetrating grooves having openings in the horizontal plane 215. Further, the first portion 210 may have a through groove as long as it is outside the region S (not shown in FIG. 6).

  Even in such a configuration, helium gas penetrating through the condenser 160-4 is directly supplied in the vicinity of the space between the second-stage regenerator tube 141 and the second-stage pulse tube 146 where convection generation is a problem. Therefore, the above-described effects can be obtained.

  FIG. 7 shows still another example of the condenser in the present invention. In FIG. 7, the gas flow passage 148 is omitted for clarity. The condenser 160-5 is configured in the same manner as the condenser 160-4 described above. However, in the case of the condenser 160-5, the second portion 220 (the lower portion of the recess portion 190) includes a plurality of “inverted L-shaped” “elbows” having openings in the side portion 230 of the recess portion 190. ”-Shaped through groove 110e is formed. In FIG. 7, a plurality of through grooves 110d are further shown, but these through grooves 110d may not be formed. Further, similarly to the condenser 160-4 in FIG. 6, the second portion 220 may have a plurality of non-penetrating grooves having openings on the lower surface 103 in addition to this. Further, the first portion 210 may have a plurality of non-penetrating grooves having openings in the horizontal plane 215.

  The features of the present invention have been described above by taking a two-stage apparatus as an example of a pulse tube refrigerator. However, in the present invention, the pulse tube refrigerator may be a multi-stage type or a single-stage type having three or more stages.

  In the above description, the features of the present invention have been described by taking as an example the case where helium gas is used as the atmospheric gas in the first heat insulating container 150 and the second heat insulating container 152. However, the atmosphere in each heat insulating container may be an atmosphere other than helium gas. For example, in a single-stage pulse tube refrigerator, since the temperature of the cooling stage is about 40K to 50K, nitrogen gas can be used as the atmospheric gas. In this case, the liquid helium tank is replaced with a liquid nitrogen tank.

  In the above description, the case where the condenser and the cooling stage are integrally configured has been described as an example. However, the condenser and the cooling stage may be separate members. In this case, in FIG. 2, a condenser may be brought into contact with the lower side of the cooling stage.

  Examples of the present invention will be described below.

  Actually, the temperature of the first stage cooling stage and the second stage cooling stage was measured by operating the two-stage pulse tube refrigerator configured as shown in FIG. 2, and the effect of the present invention was grasped.

  The condenser has the configuration shown in FIG. 1, that is, a plurality of through-grooves extending substantially perpendicular to these planes from the bottom surface to the top surface of the condenser (Experiment 1), and FIG. A construction was used, i.e. one extending from the lower surface of the condenser substantially perpendicular to this surface but not penetrating to the upper surface (Experiment 2). In Experiments 1 and 2, the number and arrangement of grooves were the same. The total number of grooves was about 30, and the diameter of each groove was about 4 mm. The grooves were arranged at equal intervals as much as possible while avoiding the region where the gas flow passages for the pulse tube and the regenerator tube were formed. Note that helium gas was used as the atmospheric gas in the first and second heat insulating containers 150 and 152.

  Table 1 shows the results obtained.

この表に示すように、第１段冷却ステージの熱負荷を３０Ｗとし、第２段冷却ステージの
熱負荷を１．０Ｗとした場合、実験１では、第１段冷却ステージの温度が４５．９Ｋとな
り、第２段冷却ステージの温度が４．３５Ｋとなった。一方、実験２では、第１段冷却ステージの温度が４５．５Ｋとなり、第２段冷却ステージの温度が４．３１Ｋとなった。

As shown in this table, when the heat load of the first stage cooling stage is 30 W and the heat load of the second stage cooling stage is 1.0 W, in Experiment 1, the temperature of the first stage cooling stage is 45.9K. Thus, the temperature of the second cooling stage became 4.35K. On the other hand, in Experiment 2, the temperature of the first stage cooling stage was 45.5K, and the temperature of the second stage cooling stage was 4.31K.

  From this result, it was confirmed that the temperature of the second cooling stage is significantly lowered by the configuration of the condenser of the present invention.

  The present invention can be applied to various regenerative refrigerators including an atmospheric gas condenser, such as a pulse tube refrigerator including an atmospheric gas condenser.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 2 Upper surface of condenser 3 Lower surface of condenser 10 Through groove 41 Cold storage tube 42b Low temperature end of cold storage tube 46 Pulse tube 47b Low temperature end of pulse tube 48 Gas flow passage 65 Upper space 75 Lower space 100 Pulse tube refrigerator 102 Upper surface 103 Lower surface of condenser 104 Side surface of condenser 105 Housing 110 Upper housing portion 111 Compressor 112 Open / close valve 113 Open / close valve 114, 116 Piping 115A First stage reservoir 115B Second stage reservoir 117 Orifice 118a, 118b, 119a, 119b Heat exchanger 120 Cold head part 121 Flange 130 First stage cooling stage 131 First stage regenerator tube 132, 137, 142, 147 Cylinder 132a, 137a High temperature end 132b, 137b Low temperature end 133 Regenerator material 136 First stage pulse tube 138 Gas flow passage 141 Second stage regenerator tube 142a, 147a High temperature end 142b, 147b Low temperature end 143 Cold storage material 146 Second stage pulse tube 148 Gas flow passage 150 First heat insulation container 152 Second heat insulation container 153 Liquid helium tank 154 Liquid Helium 155 MRI magnet 160 Second stage cooling stage, condenser 165 Upper space 175 Lower space 190 Recessed portion 210 First portion 215 First portion horizontal surface 220 Second portion 225 Second portion horizontal surface 230 Recessed portion side.

Claims (9)

A pulse tube refrigerator having a regenerator tube and a pulse tube, and a condenser having a function of condensing atmospheric gas, and functioning as a cooling stage at a low temperature end of the regenerator tube and the pulse tube,
The cold end of the regenerator tube and the cold end of the pulse tube are connected via a flow passage formed in the condenser,
The condenser has a first surface and a second surface facing each other, and the first surface is provided with two openings for a first end and a second end of the flow passage, The second surface has a plurality of grooves extending from the second surface;
When viewed from a direction parallel to the axial direction of the regenerator tube or pulse tube,
In a region of a circle having a center on a straight line connecting the centers of the two openings of the flow path and including the two openings or a circle inscribed in the two openings, the groove is A pulse tube refrigerator not penetrating to the first surface. The condenser has a side surface connecting the first surface and the second surface;
The pulse tube refrigerator according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the grooves has an opening on the side surface. The condenser has a side surface connecting the first surface and the second surface;
The side surface has a recess along the outer periphery,
The pulse tube refrigerator according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the grooves has an opening in the recess.   The pulse tube refrigerator according to claim 1, wherein all of the plurality of grooves are not penetrated. It has a condenser for atmospheric gas and a cooling stage provided on the condenser, and the cold end of the regenerator tube and the cold end of the pulse tube are connected via a flow passage formed in the cooling stage. A pulse tube refrigerator,
The cooling stage has a first surface and a second surface facing each other, and the first surface is provided with two openings for the first end and the second end of the flow passage,
The condenser has a third surface and a fourth surface facing each other, and a plurality of grooves extending from the fourth surface,
The third surface of the condenser is closer to the second surface of the cooling stage than the fourth surface;
When viewed from a direction parallel to the axial direction of the regenerator tube or pulse tube,
In a region of a circle having a center on a straight line connecting the centers of the two openings of the flow path and including the two openings or a circle inscribed in the two openings, the groove is A pulse tube refrigerator not penetrating to the first surface. The pulse tube refrigerator is a multi-stage pulse tube refrigerator,
6. The pulse tube refrigerator according to claim 1, wherein the atmospheric gas is helium gas.   The pulse tube refrigerator according to claim 6, wherein the cooling stage is a cooling stage for the lowest temperature.   The pulse tube refrigerator according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein a liquid helium tank is installed on the second surface side of the condenser. The pulse tube refrigerator is a single-stage pulse tube refrigerator,
The pulse tube refrigerator according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the atmospheric gas is nitrogen gas.

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