CN102138464A - Light supplement method for greenhouse plant cultivation - Google Patents
Light supplement method for greenhouse plant cultivation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a light supplement method for greenhouse plant cultivation. At present, filament lamps, fluorescent lamps, sodium lamp, high pressure mercury lamps and the like are used as the main artificial light sources for supplementing light in greenhouse plant cultivation in China, but the emission spectra of these artificial light sources are incapable of well satisfying the selective demands of the growth of plants for light and the light utilization rate is low. The invention is characterized by using a light supplementing system to supplement light to greenhouse plants, wherein the light supplementing system comprises an LED mixed light lamp, a controller, a light intensity detecting device and a light source automatic lifting device; the controller comprises a microprocessor, a clock unit connected with the microprocessor, a serial communication port unit and a light intensity detection device; the microprocessor is connected with the LED mixed light lamp through an (input/output) I/O port wire; and the LED mixed light lamp is arranged on the light source automatic lifting device. In the invention, the problems of low efficiency of greenhouse light source, low utilization rate of effective physiological radiation light, overhigh operation and maintenance cost, overhigh energy consumption and the like are solved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technology in agricultural cultivation in the chamber facility, the process of crop growth, specifically a kind of light compensation method of hothouse plants cultivation.
Background technology
In recent years, greenhouse culture develops rapidly in China, and China has become chamber facility agricultural production big country, and area and output are sure to occupy the first in the world, and area accounts for 90% of the world at present.But the illumination in the greenhouse is still based on natural lighting and availability lower (generally be outdoor cropping environment 40%～60%).Illumination is not only greenhouse vegetable and is made nutrient and the indispensable energy condition of vital movement, also is the leading factor that forms the greenhouse microclimate, and most vegetables all belong to happiness light crop.The quality of illumination condition depends primarily on the several aspects of intensity of illumination, lighting delay number, light quality and illumination patterns in the greenhouse.The main quantity with illumination to the influence of plant growing of illumination (is accumulated illumination or illumination total amount: light intensity * light application time in the greenhouse; The number of photons that unit are is accepted in unit interval) relevant with quality (spatial distribution).
Illumination patterns is more even in the large-scale attached-greenhouse; The energy saving sunlight greenhouse illumination patterns is inhomogeneous, and illumination is very fast in the inner weakening of crop, and difference is obvious up and down in illumination, and diverse location intensity of illumination variation tendency is obvious in the greenhouse, all shows as middle part intensity of illumination height, and take second place in the south, the north is minimum; In addition, all there is significant dependency relation in interior total solar radiation amount and the time of the total solar radiation amount in the greenhouse by solar heat and outdoor total solar radiation amount, greenhouse by solar heat under each different weather condition in season.
Usually the natural lighting in winter is poorer than other season, adds solar radiation all in the transmission greenhouse, so the intensity of illumination in the greenhouse is generally lower, and the illumination deficiency.The low light level is the common unsuitable environmental condition of winter-spring season horticultural crop facility cultivation; facility is interior because cladding material is aging; bad climate condition effect such as the common rain of skeleton structure sunshade of canopy chamber and late autumn, winter-spring season, snow, cloudy weather for several days running sky; regular meeting causes intensity of illumination and light application time obviously not enough; under the low light condition in low light level season and facility; the ratio of ruddiness, ultraviolet ray and blue light reduces, and the far-red light ratio raises.Happiness fruit vegetables crop of intense light irradiation such as long term growth will cause that the plant nutrition bulk-growth is unhealthy and strong, fruit drop is serious, fruit development is slow, sugar content reduces, output decline, product qualitative change is bad, and disease takes place easily in low light level adverse circumstance.
The Application and Development of China's artificial light filling in greenhouse is later, and light filling cost and maintenance are high, and application neither be very universal, and the research of this aspect is also less.Traditional agricultural facility only is concerned about and environmental factor such as is shone temperature, humidity, nutrient, consecutive days, but along with the development of greenhouse industry and the raising of the level of production, the research and development of the artificial light filling in greenhouse is used will seem more and more important.The regulation and control of luminous environment in the growing process come into one's own, and progressively promote the use of in the horticultural facility and go: the one, at sunshine amount few or sunshine time short in as the light filling of photosynthesis of plant; The 2nd, as photoperiod of plant, germination, the morphogenetic light source that brings out of light such as painted.According to the demand of light filling light intensity, light filling can be divided into photosynthetic light filling and photoperiod light filling.At high latitude area or successive cloudy days, cause light intensity and lighting delay number deficiency, or whole crop carries out photosynthetic light filling when having higher intensity of illumination and requiring.The effect of light filling depends on the physiological radiation characteristic of light filling intensity and light filling light source, the i.e. light quality of light filling.
At present, the artificial light source that domestic chamber crop cultivation light filling mainly adopts is incandescent lamp, fluorescent lamp, sodium vapor lamp, high-pressure sodium lamp etc., but the emission spectrum of these artificial light sources can not satisfy the option demand of plant growing to light well, the utilization ratio of light is low, the life-span of fluorescent tube and luminous efficiency are all not ideal enough, the maintenance cost height of lamp, the big cooling load height of fluorescent tube calorific value, so that whole light filling power consumption cost is very high.
Development along with LED (OLED) technology, monochromatic LED (OLED) (is the blue light of 450nm, the ruddiness that crest is 660nm etc. as crest) and combined light source thereof have been developed at the plant demand, utility rate of luminous energy can reach 80%～90%, energy-saving effect is very remarkable, and progressively begins in greenhouse light filling, group training, grows seedlings and the application in field such as plant factor.Compare with traditional artificial light source, the led light source system has that adjustable lay the grain is strong, spectrum, cooling load is low, electro-optical efficiency is high, volume is little, the life-span is long, use direct current and can set characteristics such as specific wavelength, and it is good not contain harmful gas environmental-protecting performance, is a kind of fit closely artificial light source system for plant cultivation.But existing most of led light source system intelligent degree is low, has that low, the effective physiological radiation light of source efficiency availability is low, operation expense is too high and energy consumption is crossed problems such as height.
Summary of the invention
Cultivate the deficiency that employed light source exists in order to solve existing hothouse plants, the invention provides a kind of light compensation method of hothouse plants cultivation, according to the absorption spectrum of plant chlorophyll a, b and the ratio range of chlorophyll a/b ratio led light source is carried out the array design, simultaneously according to the intelligent light filling that carries out light intensity and light quality under the various meteorological conditions, low with low, the effective physiological radiation light of effective solution greenhouse source efficiency availability, operation expense is too high and energy consumption is crossed problems such as height.
The technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of light compensation method of hothouse plants cultivation, it is characterized in that adopting a light filling system that hothouse plants are carried out light filling, described light filling system comprises LED mixed light lamp, controller, light intensity test device and light source apparatus for automatically lifting, controller comprises microprocessor, the clock unit that is connected with this microprocessor, serial communication interface unit and light intensity test device, microprocessor is connected with LED mixed light lamp by I/O mouth line, LED mixed light lamp is installed on the light source apparatus for automatically lifting, a described serial communication interface unit and a calculator carry out data and receive, send, one light intensity parameter is housed in the calculator software module is set, the embedded control software module of described microprocessor, export the drive circuit that the pulsewidth of PWM is recently modulated LED mixed light lamp by controlling microprocessor, realize automatic light filling;
Described LED mixed light lamp is made up of a plurality of light source cells, each light source cell is made of a plurality of red-light LEDs and a plurality of blue-ray LED, according to the absorption spectrum of plant chlorophyll a, b and the ratio range of chlorophyll a/b ratio LED mixed light lamp is carried out the array layout, red-light LED in each light source cell array divides two-way to carry out symmetry control, blue-ray LED then is divided into three the tunnel and carries out independent control respectively, and the array of LED mixed light lamp is controlled by the control software module; Described LED can adopt OLED to replace;
The light source apparatus for automatically lifting carries out lifting according to the light intensity testing result that light intensity test device obtains, and LED mixed light lamp is between the 10-40cm of plant top all the time, and light intensity reaches the light filling setting value; The light filling system carries out automatic light filling according to external world's nature intensity variations, and its light filling intensity, light filling light quality and light filling cycle decide according to the light demand characteristics of plant; Simultaneously according to the intelligent light filling that carries out light intensity and light quality under the various meteorological conditions.
Red-light LED in each light source cell array: the quantity of blue-ray LED is 8: 3 (corresponding to sun plant), 7: 3 (corresponding to indeterminate plant) or 6: 3 (corresponding to ombrophyte); Or ruddiness: the ratio of blue light is 85%: 15%-75%: (corresponding to sun plant), 80: 20%-70% between 25%: (corresponding to indeterminate plant) or 75%: 25%-65% between 30%: between 35% (corresponding to ombrophyte).Can set the control program of control software module according to local light quality test result, carry out light filling efficiently.
Overcast and rainy with early spring in the winter time, the intensity of illumination in the greenhouse generally has only 2000lux.Vegetables are regarded it as sun plant or heliophobous plant and difference to the reaction of luminous intensity.Positive vegetables need high light, can keep its vigorous growth; Negative vegetables then only need low light, can keep its vigorous growth.
The light filling value is set in different requirements according to plant classification and growth period, automatic light filling when light intensity is lower than setting value.Seedling stage and breeding time the light requirement characteristic have than big-difference, when growing seedlings as long as intensity of illumination be higher than 4000lux just can normal growth, overcast and rainy natural light intensity is minimum about 2000lux, clean light filling intensity need reach more than the 2000lux; And growth and development stage (plants such as cucumber, capsicum, tomato, fruit tree kind) requires stronger illumination and higher temperature light saturation point, and clean light filling intensity need be higher than 4000lux.(sun plant light filling intensity is at 6000-12000 lux; Indeterminate plant light filling intensity is at 6000-10000lux, and ombrophyte light filling intensity is at 4000-7000lux).
The light filling time according to floristics and breeding time different set, generally before and after the sunrise.Can carry out time set according to the light intensity value of local sun set/raise time.The time carry out automatic classification light filling when light intensity in the greenhouse is lower than setting value, make the required light intensity of plant growing be stabilized in 12-14 hour (long-day plant) respectively, 10-16 hour (middle sunshine plant) was less than 12 hours (short-day plant).
Long-day plant: long-day plant require the sunshine time be longer than certain critical value (＞12-14) just can bloom.Day is long long more, promotes more or do sth. in advance long-day plant to bloom; Shorten the sunshine time, then can postpone even suppress long-day plant and bloom.Example: wheat class, pea, flax, rape, beet, calabash radish, onion, garlic, spinach, wild cabbage, oenothera erythrosepala, sword lily.
In sunshine plant: this class plant can both bloom under long or short illumination.Under illumination in 10-16 hour, all can bloom, as Japan, African violet, eggplant, cucumber, kidney bean, tomato, Chinese rose, India canna, dahlia, carnation, ivyleaf cyclamen.
Short-day plant: short-day plant require the sunshine time be shorter than certain critical value (＜12-14) just can bloom.Day is long short more, promotes more or do sth. in advance short-day plant to bloom; Prolong the sunshine time, then can postpone or suppress short-day plant and bloom.Example: chrysanthemum, kaffir lily, poinsettia, common primrose, soybean, corn, jowar, cowpea, crowndaisy chrysanthemum, chrysanthemum, schlumbergera.Originate in low latitudes.
Light quality is along with the variation of room and time differs greatly: 1, lacks light wave and reduces along with the increase of latitude, and few in the high latitude short wavelength light; Increase along with the increase of height above sea level, at high height above sea level, short wavelength light is many.2, winter, long light wave can increase, and summer, short light wave can increase.3, in one day, noon, shortwave was many, and long wave is many sooner or later.
Light quality along with the variation of room and time differs greatly according to the variation of light quality along with room and time, with automatic light filling default is: summer pattern, replenish ruddiness when fine sooner or later: blue light is 4: 1 or 4: 2; The morning and evening (perhaps whole day) is replenished ruddiness during the cloudy day: blue light is 8: 1; Winter pattern, replenish ruddiness when fine sooner or later: blue light is 8: 2; The morning and evening (perhaps whole day) is replenished ruddiness during the cloudy day: blue light is 8: 3.At an amount of blue lights that replenish of high latitude, an amount of blue light that replenishes when high height above sea level more.
The present invention controls luminous environment factors such as brightness, light quality, photoperiod and direction of illumination by the light filling system of led light source, the formation of the photosynthesis of controlling plant and light form, reach the quality that improves or change plant, increase cropping index, listing in advance, produce in anniversary, increase output, effect such as increase economic efficiency; The present invention carries out the array design to led light source, can carry out automatic light filling according to external world's nature intensity variations, simultaneously according to the intelligent light filling that carries out light intensity and light quality under the various meteorological conditions, efficiently solve that low, the effective physiological radiation light of greenhouse source efficiency availability is low, operation expense is too high and energy consumption is crossed problems such as height.
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with specification drawings and specific embodiments.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the theory diagram of controller of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the control circuit figure of LED mixed light lamp of the present invention.
Fig. 3-5 is the structural representation (the unfilled circle expression blue-ray LED among the figure, the circle expression red-light LED of filling) of the LED mixed light lamp of three kinds of ratios of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is provided with the control principle figure of software module for light intensity parameter of the present invention.
Fig. 7 controls the control principle figure of software module for the present invention.
Embodiment
As shown in the figure, the present invention adopts the light filling system that hothouse plants are carried out light filling, and described light filling system is made up of LED mixed light lamp, controller, light intensity test device and light source apparatus for automatically lifting.
Controller is made up of microprocessor, the clock unit that is connected with this microprocessor, serial communication interface unit and light intensity test device, microprocessor is connected with LED mixed light lamp by I/O mouth line, LED mixed light lamp is installed on the light source apparatus for automatically lifting, described serial communication interface unit and calculator carry out data and receive, send, the light intensity parameter is housed in the calculator software module is set, the embedded control software module of described microprocessor.
Microprocessor MCU:MCU is that the MEGA8L by AVR series does the master control chip, by 18 road I/O mouth lines respectively the driven MOS pipe come driving LED mixed light lamp.The serial communication interface unit: this telecommunication circuit is intercomed with standard serial port interface and PC mutually by the MAX232 chip.The RTC clock unit: the setting in clock and cycle is to be made of RTC clock chip PCF8563 and related elements, and this circuit also is provided with back-up source, in order can not lose problem by time of origin in outage.MCU by the adjustment of pulse width, can regulate the drive current of I/O mouth, thereby the illumination that can realize LED mixed light lamp is regulated at I/O mouth output PWM waveform.
The array of LED mixed light lamp has three kinds of patterns, each light source cell was respectively 8: 3,7: 3 or 6: 3, and be respectively applied for cultivation or the ruddiness of sun plant, indeterminate plant and ombrophyte: blue light is 85%: 15%-75%: (sun plant), ruddiness between 25%: blue light 80: 20%-70%: (indeterminate plant), ruddiness between 30%: blue light 75%-25%-65%: between 35% (ombrophyte).
With 8: 3 (also claiming positive 8: 3) the LED mixed light lamp (as shown in Figure 3) that is example, LED mixed light lamp has 56 unit and constitutes, each unit is made of 8 red-light LEDs and 3 blue-ray LEDs, wherein 8 red-light LEDs 2 groups of composition (A, B) can be controlled respectively, every group is 4, and 3 blue-ray LEDs (C, D, E) then can be controlled respectively.Each unit needs 5 control lines to carry out switch control altogether, can realize that ruddiness and blue light ratio are 4: 1,4: 2,4: 3,8: 1,8: 2 and 8: 3.
Fig. 4 is a red-light LED: blue-ray LED is the structural representation of 7: 3 (also claiming inclined to one side 8: 3), in fact each unit is made of 8 red-light LEDs and 3 blue-ray LEDs, wherein 8 red-light LEDs 2 groups of composition (A, B) can be controlled respectively, every group be respectively 4 with 4,3 blue-ray LEDs (C, D, E) then can be controlled respectively, each unit needs 5 control lines to carry out switch control altogether, can realize that ruddiness and blue light ratio are 4: 1,4: 2,4: 3,7: 1,7: 2 and 7: 3.
Fig. 5 is a red-light LED: blue-ray LED is 6: 3 a structural representation, each light source cell is made of 6 red-light LEDs and 3 blue-ray LEDs, wherein 2 groups of 6 red-light LEDs compositions can (A, B) be controlled respectively, every group be respectively 4 with 2,3 blue-ray LEDs (C, D, E) then can be controlled respectively, each unit needs 5 control lines to carry out switch control altogether, can realize that ruddiness and blue light ratio are 4: 1,4: 2,4: 3,6: 1,6: 2 and 6: 3.
LED mixed light lamp is installed on the LED lamp plate, by the power supply little module civil power 220V is converted to DC 12V constant voltage supply and offers the LED lamp plate.
Described light intensity test device adopts simulation illuminance transducer bh1620fvc, detection range 1-100000lx.Sensor output aanalogvoltage carries out data acquisition and calculating by 10 ADC that carry on the MCU.
The groundwork of light source apparatus for automatically lifting is according to the light intensity testing result, and control step motor lifting light-source system satisfies light intensity, light quality and imposes a condition.Carry out lifting by the light source apparatus for automatically lifting according to the light intensity testing result, light source is between the 10-40cm of plant top all the time, light intensity reaches setting value.
Claims (6)
1. the light compensation method of hothouse plants cultivation, it is characterized in that adopting a light filling system that hothouse plants are carried out light filling, described light filling system comprises LED mixed light lamp, controller, light intensity test device and light source apparatus for automatically lifting, controller comprises microprocessor, the clock unit that is connected with this microprocessor, serial communication interface unit and light intensity test device, microprocessor is connected with LED mixed light lamp by I/O mouth line, LED mixed light lamp is installed on the light source apparatus for automatically lifting, a described serial communication interface unit and a calculator carry out data and receive, send, one light intensity parameter is housed in the calculator software module is set, the embedded control software module of described microprocessor, export the drive circuit that the pulsewidth of PWM is recently modulated LED mixed light lamp by controlling microprocessor, realize automatic light filling;
Described LED mixed light lamp is made up of a plurality of light source cells, each light source cell is made of a plurality of red-light LEDs and 3 blue-ray LEDs, according to the absorption spectrum of plant chlorophyll a, b and the ratio range of chlorophyll a/b ratio LED mixed light lamp is carried out the array layout, red-light LED in each light source cell array divides two-way to carry out symmetry control, blue-ray LED then is divided into three the tunnel and carries out independent control respectively, and the array of LED mixed light lamp is controlled by the control software module;
The light source apparatus for automatically lifting carries out lifting according to the light intensity testing result that light intensity test device obtains, and LED mixed light lamp is between the 10-40cm of plant top all the time, and light intensity reaches the light filling setting value; The light filling system carries out automatic light filling according to external world's nature intensity variations, and its light filling intensity, light filling light quality and light filling cycle decide according to the light demand characteristics of plant; Simultaneously according to the intelligent light filling that carries out light intensity and light quality under the various meteorological conditions.
2. the light compensation method of hothouse plants cultivation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the red-light LED wave-length coverage is between 610nm-680nm, and the blue-ray LED wave-length coverage is between 410nm-470nm; Red-light LED in each light source cell array: the quantity of blue-ray LED is 8: 3,7: 3 or 6: 3; Or ruddiness: the ratio of blue light is 85%: 15%-75%: between 25%, 80: 20%-70%: between 30% or 75%: 25%-65%: between 35%.
3. the light compensation method of hothouse plants according to claim 1 and 2 cultivation is characterized in that described light filling intensity sets according to different requirement of plant classification and growth period, when the light intensity that records is lower than automatic light filling when setting value.
4. the light compensation method of hothouse plants cultivation according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that the light filling time before and after sunrise, carries out automatic light filling when setting value when light intensity in the greenhouse is lower than.
5. the light compensation method of hothouse plants cultivation according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that described light filling light quality is along with the variation of room and time differs greatly, with the light filling default be summer pattern and winter pattern, wherein summer pattern, sooner or later replenish ruddiness when fine: blue light is 4: 2, and morning and evening or whole day are replenished ruddiness during the cloudy day: blue light is 8: 1; Winter pattern, replenish ruddiness when fine sooner or later: blue light is 8: 2, during the cloudy day sooner or later or whole day replenish ruddiness: blue light is 8: 3.
6. the light compensation method of hothouse plants cultivation according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that described LED adopts OLED to replace.
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