CN102132032A - 波浪发电设备 - Google Patents

波浪发电设备 Download PDF

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CN102132032A
CN102132032A CN2008801308898A CN200880130889A CN102132032A CN 102132032 A CN102132032 A CN 102132032A CN 2008801308898 A CN2008801308898 A CN 2008801308898A CN 200880130889 A CN200880130889 A CN 200880130889A CN 102132032 A CN102132032 A CN 102132032A
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CN102132032B (zh
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埃兰·斯特伦斯泰特
斯特凡·古斯塔夫松
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
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    • F03B13/16—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem"
    • F03B13/18—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore
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    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
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    • F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/16—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem"
    • F03B13/18—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore
    • F03B13/1805—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom is hinged to the rem
    • F03B13/181—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom is hinged to the rem for limited rotation
    • F03B13/1815—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom is hinged to the rem for limited rotation with an up-and-down movement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B11/00—Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups, e.g. wear-protection couplings, between turbine and generator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00—Sealings
    • F16J15/16—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces
    • F16J15/18—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with stuffing-boxes for elastic or plastic packings
    • F16J15/187—Self-aligning stuffing-boxes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00—Sealings
    • F16J15/16—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces
    • F16J15/32—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with elastic sealings, e.g. O-rings
    • F16J15/3204—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with elastic sealings, e.g. O-rings with at least one lip
    • F16J15/3224—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with elastic sealings, e.g. O-rings with at least one lip capable of accommodating changes in distances or misalignment between the surfaces, e.g. able to compensate for defaults of eccentricity or angular deviations
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    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00—Sealings
    • F16J15/56—Other sealings for reciprocating rods
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Abstract

本发明涉及用于产生电能的波浪发电设备。其包括设置成用于在海上漂浮的浮体(1)和直线发电机(2)，该直线发电机具有定子(5)和沿中心轴线往复运动的平移件(8)。定子(5)设置成固定在海床中，且平移件(8)通过连接装置(3，7)连接至浮体(1)。根据本发明，发电机(2)封装在具有上端壁的水密性封套(4)中，该上端壁具有开口，连接装置(7)延伸通过该开口。开口具有密封靠着连接装置(7)的密封件(12)。密封件(12)挠性地安装。本发明还涉及该波浪发电设备的使用和产生电能的方法。

Description

波浪发电设备
技术领域
本发明第一方面涉及用于产生电能的波浪发电设备(wave-powerunit)，其包括设置成用于在海上漂浮的浮体和具有定子与沿中心轴线往复运动的平移件(translator)的直线发电机，该定子被设置成固定在海床中，而平移件通过连接装置连接至浮体。
本发明的第二方面涉及这样的波浪发电设备的使用。
本发明的第三方面涉及通过提供浮体以在海上漂浮、提供具有定子和往复运动的平移件的直线发电机、将定子固定在海床上以及通过连接装置将平移件连接至浮体的产生电能的方法。
在本申请中，术语“径向的”和“轴向的”涉及由平移件中心的往复运动定义的轴线。术语“上部”和“下部”涉及垂直方向并与波浪发电设备运行时所讨论的部件的位置有关。
背景技术
海洋和大的内陆湖中的波浪运动构成潜在的能量源，其至今几乎没有被开发。然而，已经提出了多种建议以利用海洋的垂直运动来产生发电机中的电能。由于海洋表面上的点做往复垂直运动，其适于使用直线发电机来产生电能。
WO 03/058055公开了这样的波浪发电设备，其中发电机的运动部分(即对应于旋转的发电机的转子、且在本申请中称为平移件的部分)关于发电机的定子往复运动。在该公开中，定子固定在海床中。平移件通过电线、电缆或链连接至海洋上的浮体。
本发明的目的是改善所讨论类型的波浪发电设备的效率和可靠性。
发明内容
在第一方面，本发明的目的得以实现是因为初始描述类型的波浪发电设备进一步具有以下特殊特征，具有水密性封套(encapsulation)，该水密性封套封装发电机并具有带开口的上端壁，连接装置延伸通过该开口，开口设置有密封连接装置的密封件，该密封件被挠性地安装。
通过该封套，发电机将被保护不受水(这里水通常是盐水)的腐蚀，并且通过避免水在平移件的路径中，消除了水对平移件的制动效果。密封件对保持封套内部没有水是必需的。密封件可能受导引装置的侧向和角向运动导致的高力影响。这些力将增加磨损。然而，通过挠性地安装密封件，摩擦力得以减小，同时保持良好的密封效果。这些特征因此增加波浪发电设备的总体性能。
根据一个优选实施例，至少部分连接装置是杆元件，所述部分延伸通过所述开口。
原则上，整个连接装置都可以是长杆。然而，由于多种原因，有利的是，连接装置的主要部分，即，从浮体向下至发电机上面的短距离是挠性的并可以是电线等。对于连接到平移件并向上短距离的部分，优选连接装置是杆的形式。这在其通过封套上端壁中的开口时简化了良好密封效果的获得。杆也有助于保持平移件处于稳定的纯轴向运动，这对机电能量转换效率是重要的。
根据进一步的优选实施例，密封件的挠性安装使得其允许密封件的侧向和角向运动。
因而，密封件能够适应由于导引装置的侧向、倾斜或扭转运动导致的连接装置在密封件上引起的所有力。因此，如果发生这些情况中的任一种或其组合，能够保持良好的密封效果。然而，考虑到平移件的适当运动，理想的是尽可能避免这些情况，但如果发生这些情况，则保持密封效果是重要的。
根据进一步优选的实施例，密封件由通过挠性件安装在所述上端壁上的支撑件支撑，该挠性件水密性地连接至所述支撑件和连接至所述上端壁。
该布置提供了获得密封件的弹性安装的简单和可靠的方式。
根据进一步的优选实施例，挠性件由挠性材料形成，如橡胶。
通过使用自身具有高弹性的材料获得挠性允许与高安全性结合的廉价解决方案，并且挠性件能以简易方式设计，以便在不同方向获得适当的挠性度。
根据进一步的优选实施例，挠性件与杆同轴，并且当从外面看时，至少一部分在无载状态下在纵向上为凸起形状。
对称布置导致沿挠性件的圆周延伸的一致的径向挠性。凸起部分提供了挠性件的可预测的挠曲动作。
根据进一步的优选实施例，挠性件在每个端部均具有安装凸缘，一个凸缘通过螺栓夹紧在支撑件与一夹紧环之间，而另一个凸缘被夹紧在所述上端壁与一夹紧环之间。
由于通常高的外部水压和由于挠性件的灵活性，迫切需要挠性件的机械连接，以确保其是水密性的、安全和耐久的。这些夹紧连接满足了这些需求。
根据进一步的优选实施例，每个凸缘具有径向外部，其具有比凸缘的径向内部大的轴向厚度。
因而，当夹紧环的邻接表面和/或支撑件的邻接表面以及上端壁分别具有互补形状时，凸缘的连接不仅由夹紧环的压力获得，而且由形状锁定。因而连接更加可靠。
根据进一步的优选实施例，密封件的轴向延伸比其径向延伸大。
因而，密封动作基本上沿长度分布，以便能避免局部高密封压力，否则会干扰操作并引起高磨损。优选地，轴向延伸多于径向延伸的两倍。
根据进一步的优选实施例，密封件包括多个密封单元。
该实施例也具有在将密封压力保持在适当水平的同时能获得良好密封的优点。
根据进一步的优选实施例，封套填充有超压气体。
因而，封套具有较高的耐受水渗漏的能力。合适的气体是N2。
在本发明的第二方面中，本发明的波浪发电设备用于产生用于供应到电力网的电能。
在本发明的第三方面中，初始指出的方法进一步包括将发电机封装在水密性封套中、设置连接装置以延伸通过封套上端壁、密封通过开口的连接装置以及安装密封挠性件的具体措施。
根据本发明方法的优选实施例，该方法通过根据本发明的，特别是根据其任意的优选实施例的波浪发电设备执行。
借助本发明的使用和本发明的方法，获得了对应于本发明的波浪发电设备及其优选实施例的那些优点的优点，这些优点上面已经描述过。
将参照附图，通过下面对本发明实例的详细描述进一步说明本发明。
附图说明
图1是通过根据本发明的波浪发电设备的示意性截面图；
图2是通过图1中的细节的截面图。
具体实施方式
图1是在海洋中操作的根据本发明的波浪发电设备的示意性侧视图。浮体1漂浮在海洋表面上并由连接装置3、7连接至固定在海床处的直线发电机2。连接装置由上部3和下部7组成，该上部是电线、绳索、链等，而下部是刚性杆。电线3通过接头13连接至杆7。在图中，发电机附接在海床处。然而，应该理解，发电机可设置在海床上面并以某些其他方式固定。
直线发电机2具有带绕组的定子5和带磁体的平移件6。平移件6能够在定子5内上下往复运动，因而在定子绕组内产生电流，该电流通过电缆11传递至电力网。
当浮体1由于海洋表面的波浪运动被迫向上运动时，浮体将下面的平移件向上拉。之后，当浮体向下移动时，平移件6将在重力作用下向下运动。
可选但优选地，作用于平移件6的弹簧(未示出)等提供额外的向下的力。
由于发电机2固定在海床且浮体1在水面上自由漂浮，浮体相对于发电机2自由横向移动。因而电线3将变的倾斜。
发电机2封装在水密性封套4中，封套填充有超压N2。具有导引装置9的圆锥框架8刚性地连接至封套4顶部。
导引装置9引导连接装置在导引装置9下面垂直运动，同时允许导引装置上面的连接装置3在倾斜的位置运动。
导引装置9允许连接装置3在通过导引装置9时逐渐改变其方向，以便限制连接装置的磨损。
杆7延伸通过封套4的上端壁14的开口，并在入口处提供有水密性密封件12。
图2是通过图1中的密封件12的放大截面图。密封件由具有绕往复运动的杆7的圆柱部16和凸缘部17的支撑件15组成。圆柱部16容纳有多个密封单元18，这些密封单元压靠杆7使得封套内部(密封件下面)被有效密封从而防止外部(密封件上面)的水。支撑件15通过由橡胶等形成的挠性件19连接至封套的上端壁14。挠性件19基本上是管状并具有直径稍微增加从而形成挠性件的凸起形状的中部20。
挠性件19的上端具有向外指向的径向凸缘21，用于将挠性件19安装至支撑件15的凸缘部17。凸缘21通过多个螺栓23夹紧在凸缘部17与夹紧环22之间。
凸缘21的径向外部具有轴向指向的突出部23，且配合的夹紧环22的径向内部具有与凸缘21互补的形状，以便凸缘21被有效地锁定。挠性件19的下端具有相应的凸缘，该相应的凸缘以与上述相似的方式连接至封套的端壁14。

Claims (14)

1.一种波浪发电设备，所述波浪发电设备用于产生电能并包括直线发电机(2)和设置用于在海上漂浮的浮体(1)，所述直线发电机具有定子(5)和沿中心轴线往复运动的平移件(6)，所述定子(5)设置成固定在海床中，且所述平移件(6)通过连接装置(3，7)连接至所述浮体(1)，其特征在于，所述波浪发电单元包括封装所述发电机(2)并具有上端壁(14)的水密性封套(4)，所述上端壁具有开口，所述连接装置(7)延伸通过所述开口，所述开口设置有密封所述连接装置(7)的密封件(12)，所述密封件挠性地安装。
2.根据权利要求1所述的波浪发电设备，其特征在于，连接装置(3，7)的至少一部分是杆元件(7)，所述部分延伸通过所述开口。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的波浪发电设备，其特征在于，所述密封件(12)的挠性安装使得其允许所述密封件的侧向和角向运动。
4.根据权利要求3所述的波浪发电设备，其特征在于，所述密封件(12)由通过挠性件(19)安装在所述上端壁(14)上的支撑件(15)支撑，所述挠性件水密性连接至所述支撑件(15)和所述上端壁(14)。
5.根据权利要求4所述的波浪发电设备，其特征在于，所述挠性件(15)由诸如橡胶的弹性材料制成。
6.根据权利要求4和5所述的波浪发电设备，其特征在于，所述挠性件(15)与所述杆(7)同轴，并具有至少一个当从外部看时在无载状态下在纵向为凸起形状的部分(20)。
7.根据权利要求6所述的波浪发电设备，其特征在于，所述挠性件(15)在每端均具有安装凸缘(21)，一个凸缘(21)通过螺栓(23)被夹紧在一夹紧环(22)与所述支撑件(15)的凸缘部(17)之间，另一个凸缘通过螺栓被夹紧在一夹紧环与所述上端壁(14)之间。
8.根据权利要求7所述的波浪发电设备，其特征在于，每个凸缘(21)具有径向外部(22)，所述径向外部具有比所述凸缘的径向内部大的轴向厚度。
9.根据权利要求1-8中任一项所述的波浪发电设备，其特征在于，所述密封件(15)的轴向延伸比其径向延伸大，优选地至少是其径向延伸的两倍。
10.根据权利要求1-9中任一项所述的波浪发电设备，其特征在于，所述密封件(15)包括多个密封单元(18)。
11.根据权利要求1-10中任一项所述的波浪发电设备，其特征在于，所述封套填充有超压气体，优选为N2。
12.根据权利要求1-11中任一项所述的波浪发电设备的使用，用于产生电能以供应至电力网。
13.一种产生电能的方法，所述方法通过提供浮体以在海洋上漂浮、提供具有定子和沿中心轴线往复运动的平移件的直线发电机、将所述定子固定在海床中以及通过连接装置将所述平移件连接至所述浮体产生电能，其特征在于，所述方法通过还将所述发电机封装在水密性封套中、设置所述连接装置以延伸通过所述封套上端壁中的开口、密封通过所述开口的所述连接装置以及挠性安装所述密封件产生电能。
14.根据权利要求10所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法通过根据权利要求1-11中任一项所述的波浪发电设备实施。
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