CN102132015A - 凸轮轴调节器 - Google Patents

凸轮轴调节器 Download PDF

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CN102132015A
CN102132015A CN2009801326072A CN200980132607A CN102132015A CN 102132015 A CN102132015 A CN 102132015A CN 2009801326072 A CN2009801326072 A CN 2009801326072A CN 200980132607 A CN200980132607 A CN 200980132607A CN 102132015 A CN102132015 A CN 102132015A
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camshaft
camshaft adjuster
adjuster
described camshaft
hydraulic
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CN102132015B (zh
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约阿希姆·迪茨
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Schaeffler Holding China Co Ltd
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/02—Valve drive
    • F01L1/04—Valve drive by means of cams, camshafts, cam discs, eccentrics or the like
    • F01L1/047—Camshafts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/34—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/02—Valve drive
    • F01L1/04—Valve drive by means of cams, camshafts, cam discs, eccentrics or the like
    • F01L1/047—Camshafts
    • F01L2001/0476—Camshaft bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/34—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift
    • F01L1/344—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift changing the angular relationship between crankshaft and camshaft, e.g. using helicoidal gear
    • F01L1/3442—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift changing the angular relationship between crankshaft and camshaft, e.g. using helicoidal gear using hydraulic chambers with variable volume to transmit the rotating force
    • F01L2001/34423—Details relating to the hydraulic feeding circuit
    • F01L2001/34426—Oil control valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/34—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift
    • F01L1/344—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift changing the angular relationship between crankshaft and camshaft, e.g. using helicoidal gear
    • F01L1/3442—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift changing the angular relationship between crankshaft and camshaft, e.g. using helicoidal gear using hydraulic chambers with variable volume to transmit the rotating force
    • F01L2001/34423—Details relating to the hydraulic feeding circuit
    • F01L2001/34426—Oil control valves
    • F01L2001/34433—Location oil control valves

Abstract

本发明涉及一种凸轮轴调节器(01)，用于对凸轮轴(06)相对于曲轴的相位进行调节，该凸轮轴调节器尤其是液压的凸轮轴调节器。依据本发明，将设置在凸轮轴调节器中的凸轮轴支承部位实施为滚动轴承(22)。

Description

凸轮轴调节器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种内燃机的凸轮轴调节器，尤其是液压的凸轮轴调节器。
背景技术
目前广为传播的是带有由液压系统公知的枢转发动机或者转动发动机的液压的相位调节器或者说凸轮轴调节器。利用发动机油压力来驱动该枢转发动机相位调节器。该相位调节器通常在力传递中安放在凸轮轴端部上。通过发动机的油泵向该液压的凸轮轴调节器供应压力油。在凸轮轴中为了提供调节器而设置有导油通道。通过以电子的方式控制的阀门，液压油被输送到枢转发动机的油压力室中，并且由此实现凸轮轴相对于曲轴的相位的调节。该凸轮轴的面向凸轮轴调节器的一侧基于在大多数情况下穿过凸轮轴地引导的液压油供应而支承在滑动轴承中。为了在端侧上支承该凸轮轴，在大多数情况下使用套筒或者轴承架。
在DE 100 02 512 A1中描述了一种用于受阀门控制的内燃机的气缸盖，在该受阀门控制的内燃机中设置有用于进气凸轮轴和排气凸轮轴的轴承座。在液压凸轮轴调节器的一侧上，将轴承套设置在轴承座中，以便使在轴承座中必需的装配间隙得到补偿，并且使凸轮轴调节器的液压油供应可以在支承部位中进行。轴承套具有两个轴向并排布置的、用于以双通道的方式给凸轮轴调节器供应油的开口，以及用于润滑支承部位的润滑剂开口。
DE 10 2004 053 572 B4描述了一种在凸轮轴中带有双通道导油部的液压凸轮轴调节器。在该凸轮轴内部构造有两个导油通道，通过这两个导油通道，给各一个油压力室(按照所期望的调节方向)供应液压油。导油通道穿过凸轮轴延伸，并且经由外部的管路延伸至油泵和油控制阀。
DE 198 17 319 A1描述了一种液压的凸轮轴调节器，在该凸轮轴调节器中设置有中央控制滑块(Steuerschieber)，以便给叶片腔式调节器(Flügelzellenversteller)的工作室供应液压油。该中央控制滑块代替外部的阀门，并且作为4/2换向阀集成到用于凸轮轴的中央紧固螺栓中，由此，在凸轮轴中仅仅需要一个径向的导油通道，并且凸轮轴调节器的轴向的结构长度得以缩小。
不同的公开文本，例如DE 10 2005 059 841 A1或者DE 197 52 381A1此外都研究了对凸轮轴的支承部位的润滑。
依赖于发动机的转速范围和温度，仅发动机中的机械摩擦损耗目前就高达百分之三十，并且由此具有很大份额的燃料消耗。发动机中的摩擦损耗的主要来源是活塞组、发动机轴的支承结构和气门传动部件(Ventiltriebskomponent)。
发明内容
本发明的任务在于，在出现的摩擦损耗方面对在液压的凸轮轴调节装置一侧上的凸轮轴支承部位加以优化。
依据本发明，该任务通过带有权利要求1的特征的凸轮轴调节器来解决。
依据本发明，在液压的凸轮轴调节器中，在支承部位中针对凸轮轴布置有滚动轴承。该滚动轴承优选是球轴承。
本发明的优点尤其可以在以下方面看出，即，内燃机中的机械摩擦损耗和不期望的噪音产生能够进一步得以降低。
特别有利的是，凸轮轴的依据本发明的支承部位可以在带有中央压力介质供应结构的叶片腔式调节器中通过控制滑块来应用。通过在凸轮轴中节约了径向导油通道，可以将所赢取的结构空间用于布置滚动轴承。但是，即使在带有轴向导油通道的凸轮轴调节器中，本发明仍然可以得到应用。
在另一有利的实施方式中，液压油到调节器中的输送在远离凸轮轴的一侧上实现。即使在这种情况下，导油通道在凸轮轴中仍不是必需的，这缩小了轴向的结构空间，并且尽管如此仍然能够实现对凸轮轴的滚动支承。
附图说明
下面结合附图对本发明的优选实施方式加以详细的阐释。其中：
图1以纵剖面图示出依据本发明的凸轮轴调节器的优选实施方式。
具体实施方式
图1示出凸轮轴调节器01。该凸轮轴调节器以公知的方式实施为叶片腔式调节器，并且布置在内燃机的气缸盖中。该凸轮轴调节器包括外转子02，该外转子02抗相对转动地与链轮03连接。
链轮03通过链条与曲轴连接，并且在内燃机运转中由该曲轴来驱动(未示出)。
此外，凸轮轴调节器01包括内转子04，该内转子04抗相对转动地与凸轮轴06连接。内转子04在凸轮轴06上的紧固通过中央螺栓07来实现。
在外转子02和内转子04上设置有径向指向的、相互嵌接的叶片08，这些叶片08在环状扇区中分别形成两个用于在方向“提前”或者“滞后”上进行调节的压力室09。为了进行该调节，按照所期望的调节方向将液压油泵吸到压力室09之一中，由此，内转子04和外转子02之间的扭转得以实现，进而凸轮轴06相对于链轮03并且进而相对于曲轴的相位调节也得以实现。
在基本位置(典型的是进气调节时的“滞后”配气正时和排气调节时的“提前”配气正时)中，锁定元件(未示出)在发动机停止时将调节器锁定。在运转时，以液压的方式使该锁定状态解锁。
控制滑块11在中央螺栓07中与该中央螺栓07的纵轴共轴地布置。该控制滑块11可以通过调节驱动装置12在轴向上移位。该调节驱动装置12优选是调节电磁铁，该调节电磁铁使电枢13运动。
控制滑块11利用其环形通道14和中央螺栓07中的径向孔16形成多路阀，利用该多路阀，液压油朝向一个压力室09或者另一个压力室09的流动得以控制，进而实现调节。
因此，当控制滑块11在轴向上推移时，油压力在压力室09之间切换。相应地未被加载油压力的压力室09与回流连接。
在内转子04中设置有通道17，该通道17允许液压油通过控制滑块11从凸轮轴06的径向通道18经由轴向通道19流到压力室09。
为了确定配气正时位置，通过弹簧21的力将控制滑块11保持在基本姿态中，在该基本姿态中，所有通道的连接部相互分隔开。
依据本发明，滚动轴承22优选在径向通道18旁边地布置在气缸盖的凸轮轴支承部位23中。
在本发明的另一实施方式中，液压油供应可以通过凸轮轴6中的轴向通道来实现。由此，在轴向上可以节省另外的结构空间，并且尽管如此仍然使得对凸轮轴的滚动支承得以实现。
如果提供有轴向的结构空间的话，依据本发明地将凸轮轴以在调节器侧的方式支承在滚动轴承中也可以应用到其它凸轮轴调节器上。
附图标记列表
01凸轮轴调节器
02外转子
03链轮
04内转子
05-
06凸轮轴
07中央螺栓
08叶片
09压力室
10-
11控制滑块
12调节驱动装置
13电枢
14环形通道
15-
16径向孔
17通道
18径向通道
19轴向通道
20-
21弹簧

Claims (5)

1.凸轮轴调节器(01)，用于对凸轮轴(06)相对于曲轴的相位进行调节，所述凸轮轴调节器(01)具有凸轮轴支承部位，其特征在于，所述凸轮轴支承部位包括用于支承所述凸轮轴(06)的滚动轴承(22)。
2.按照权利要求1所述的凸轮轴调节器，其特征在于，所述滚动轴承(22)是球轴承。
3.按照权利要求1或2所述的凸轮轴调节器，其特征在于，所述凸轮轴(06)的相位调节通过液压的压力介质来实现。
4.按照权利要求3所述的凸轮轴调节器，其特征在于，压力介质供应通过中央控制滑块(11)和所述凸轮轴(06)中的仅一个唯一的径向通道(18)来实现，所述径向通道(18)与压力介质供应结构连接。
5.按照权利要求3所述的凸轮轴调节器，其特征在于，所述液压的压力介质通过所述凸轮轴(06)的至少一个径向通道(18)被输送至所述凸轮轴调节器(01)，其中，所述径向通道(18)在轴向上构造在所述凸轮轴调节器(01)和所述支承部位之间。
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DE102008039038.0A DE102008039038B4 (de) 2008-08-21 2008-08-21 Nockenwellenversteller
PCT/EP2009/059371 WO2010020507A1 (de) 2008-08-21 2009-07-21 Nockenwellenversteller

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CN104822910A (zh) * 2012-11-29 2015-08-05 舍弗勒技术股份两合公司 凸轮轴调节设备
CN105164379A (zh) * 2013-04-24 2015-12-16 舍弗勒技术股份两合公司 凸轮轴调节装置
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EP2326804A1 (de) 2011-06-01
CN102132015B (zh) 2013-10-30
KR20110059594A (ko) 2011-06-02
US20110139101A1 (en) 2011-06-16
US8967104B2 (en) 2015-03-03
WO2010020507A1 (de) 2010-02-25

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