CN102130483A - Equalizing charging and discharging method for power type lithium-ion battery - Google Patents
Equalizing charging and discharging method for power type lithium-ion battery Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an equalizing charging and discharging method for a power type lithium-ion battery, which is used for realizing the automatic equalization of a battery in charging and discharging according to single battery voltages. A device comprises a control module, an equalization power module, a detection module and a battery module, wherein the control module internally comprises an optical coupling circuit part for isolating signals and a master control chip part; the detection module is integrated with a voltage detection circuit, an equalizing charging circuit and an equalizing discharging circuit; the on/off switching of the equalizing charging circuit and the equalizing discharging circuit is realized by an optical coupler in the control module and a control gate of the master control chip to realize the equalizing charging of any given battery and the equalizing discharging of given batteries; and the detection module and the battery module both can realize the detection of a plurality of series-wound battery modules in a concatenated way.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to new-energy automobile with battery charge-discharge controller field, be specially a kind of power-type lithium ion battery balance charge/discharge method.
Background technology
Storage battery is widely used in every field, particularly national in recent years greatly developing with hybrid vehicle, pure electric automobile and fuel cell car is the new-energy automobile industry of representative, industrialization is just progressively moved towards in the development of new-energy automobile, and power lithium battery, Ni-MH battery etc. is regarded as one of critical component.When charging with the battery pack of series connection form work, how can guarantee respectively to save in the battery pack cell and fast and effeciently reach balanced in charge and discharge process, be to guarantee power-type lithium ion battery, the fail safe and the reliability of Ni-MH battery and a guardian technique giving full play to its usefulness.
People update for the method and apparatus that series battery discharges and recharges in recent years, in the hope of quicker, efficient, the energy-conservation and automatic equalization to series battery charge.For example the patent specification of number of patent application 02116423.1 discloses a kind of automatic equalization charge and discharge device based on the dynamic electric weight difference compensation of battery.In this device, by comprising of nonvolatile memory stored of initial electric weight SOC
0With maximum electric weight SOC
MTables of data, realize balance charge/discharge according to the computational methods of the dynamic electric weight of the computing formula of the dynamic electric weight SOC of charging and discharging currents I and each cell of Time Calculation and cell and charge and discharge process control program for the cell of series battery.But the estimation precision of SOC is not too high at present, and it is not quite reasonable adopting the SOC parameter to come the charge status of cell in the estimating battery bag.
Battery pack (storage battery) purpose that is full of electricity is for power consumption equipment provides power, as does the power source of electric automobile.Traditional charging method, be some therein batteries when reaching smallest end voltage, whole batteries stops discharge, at this moment may also have dump energy not discharge in the power brick in other the battery, influence greatly the service efficiency of battery pack, be badly in need of finding a kind of effective solution.
In the known conventional batteries charging method, just detect the global voltage of series battery, do not detect the terminal voltage of each cell.This method is simple, but owing to the electric weight that respectively saves cell in the use is inhomogeneous, recycles for a long time, difference can be bigger, make the less cell of electric weight always be in " cross and put " state, the life-span shortens greatly, thereby influences the working condition of whole battery group.This charging method is often set a final discharging voltage, when the voltage that detects series battery is lower than this set point, stops discharge.But the final voltage of battery pack can not reflect the voltage that respectively saves cell in the battery pack, so when stopping discharge, " cross and put " phenomenon can appear in some battery, some battery may also have dump energy not use, and the battery pack power utilization rate is low.
In fact, the influencing factor of the electric weight of battery is many, also is subjected to temperature simultaneously, discharges and recharges number of times, the influence of the factors such as chemical characteristic of battery itself.In different temperature, under the charge and discharge cycles number of times, the electric weight that battery pack can store and discharge when discharging and recharging is different, and the terminal voltage when being full of electricity also is different.To utilize battery to greatest extent, just need the charge and discharge device can be under different environment, the electric weight of battery is full of, and can be under the situation of not damaging battery, the energy of storing in the battery be discharged as much as possible give load altogether.In addition, battery pack is owing to reasons such as manufacturing process and battery group technologies, during series battery charge, there is certain difference in the cell electric weight, this species diversity can in use increase gradually, and then can influence the operating state of whole battery group, this just requires charge and discharge device to reduce as much as possible even eliminates this species diversity, makes the battery pack state of keeping in balance in charge and discharge process.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of power-type lithium ion battery balance charge/discharge method, with the monitoring of realization batteries monomer battery loaded-up condition, and the charging and discharging state that respectively saves cell in response within a short period of time and the control battery pack.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A kind of power-type lithium ion battery balance charge/discharge method, described power-type lithium ion battery is the battery modules that the multiple batteries series connection constitutes, every batteries can be that battery is formed, also can is that many batteries compose in parallel, it is characterized in that: this method relies on the detection module that is connected with described battery modules, the balanced power module that is connected with detection module, the control module that is connected with described detection module, balanced power module realizes respectively;
Integrated detection, equalizing charge, three loops of balanced discharge in the detection module, realize the break-make in equalizing charge loop, balanced discharge loop is switched by the control gate of optocoupler in the detection module and detection chip, carry out balanced discharge in order to realize some battery that a batteries of any appointment is carried out equalizing charge and appointment arbitrarily;
Described balanced power module carries out equalizing charge by the equalizing charge loop in the detection module to the single battery of described battery modules, and the part battery of described battery modules appointment is by the discharge resistance balanced discharge in the detection module;
Described control module comprises main control chip, described main control chip by photoelectric coupled circuit respectively with the voltage detecting loop of detection module, the equalizing charge loop, the balanced discharge loop connects, described main control chip carries out the break-make switching by described photoelectric coupled circuit to equalizing charge loop in the detection module and balanced discharge loop, in order to realize that some battery that a batteries of any appointment is carried out equalizing charge and appointment arbitrarily carries out balanced discharge, the main control chip of described control module receives the magnitude of voltage that respectively saves cell in the detection module in the detected battery modules in the voltage detecting loop row operation comparison process of going forward side by side, when certain the joint cell in the described battery modules is in " over-discharge state ", control program in the described control module drives balanced power module, opens equalizing charge loop in the detection module in conjunction with the control gate of Light Coupled Device in the detection module and detection chip; When certain the joint cell in the described battery modules is in " overcharge condition ", control program in the described control module drives balanced power module, opens balanced discharge loop in the detection module in conjunction with the control gate of Light Coupled Device in the detection module and detection chip.
Described a kind of power-type lithium ion battery balance charge/discharge method, it is characterized in that: all built-in cascade port of described detection module, battery modules, battery modules is by the series connection of cascade port realization battery modules, and detection module is realized mutual series connected battery module is realized balanced control by the mutual cascade of cascade port.
Described a kind of power-type lithium ion battery balance charge/discharge method, it is characterized in that: described control module detects the voltage signal that respectively saves cell in the battery modules by the voltage detecting loop in the detection module and judges the described charging and discharging state that respectively saves cell, when detecting the abnormal state of certain batteries, described control module is controlled the equilibrium control of the balanced charge and discharge loop realization charge and discharge process of balanced power module and detection module simultaneously.
Among the present invention, detection module is integrated voltage detecting, equalizing charge and three loops of balanced discharge, the break-make that realizes equalizing charge loop and balanced discharge loop by the photoelectric coupled circuit in the control module is switched, and carries out balanced discharge in order to realize some battery that a batteries of any appointment is carried out equalizing charge and appointment arbitrarily.The present invention serves as to weigh foundation with the voltage of each joint cell, in charging process, detect the voltage that respectively saves cell by the voltage detecting loop, carry out the computing comparison process by the magnitude of voltage that in control module, detection is obtained, determine that respectively saving cell is in " overcharging state " or " normal condition ", by control module control balanced discharge loop, reach the purpose that makes " overcharging " battery slow down charging rate then, realize equalizing charge; In the load discharge process, voltage to each joint cell detects equally, the magnitude of voltage that detection is obtained carries out the computing comparison process, determine respectively to save cell and be in " crossing the state of putting " or " normal condition ", control balanced power module and equalizing charge loop by control module, electric weight to the battery that is in " cross put " state in time replenishes, to reach the purpose of balanced discharge.
The present invention includes control module, balanced power module, detection module and battery modules, control module inside comprises photoelectric coupled circuit and the main control chip that is used for Signal Spacing, integrated voltage detecting in the detection module, three loops of equalizing charge and balanced discharge, the break-make that realizes equalizing charge loop and balanced discharge loop by photoelectric coupled circuit is switched, in order to realize that some battery that a batteries of any appointment is carried out equalizing charge and appointment arbitrarily carries out balanced discharge, detection module and battery modules all can realize the detection to a plurality of series-connected cell modules by the mode of cascade.The present invention to the battery balanced management method that discharges and recharges is, in charge and discharge process, detection in real time respectively saves the voltage parameter of cell, calculate by corresponding fusion, the voltage signal that collects is handled, thereby judging and respectively save the residing state of cell, is normal condition, " overcharging state " or " crossing the state of putting ".In charging process, adopt the parallel resistance shunting of balanced discharge loop for the battery that is in " overcharging state ", reduce its charging rate; In discharge process, adopt the external stabilized current power supply in equalizing charge loop in time to replenish for the battery that is in " crossing the state of putting ", thereby reach the purpose that system equalization discharges and recharges.
In the present invention, control module has comprised optical coupling isolation circuit and main control chip part, optical coupling isolation circuit is used for the signal that circuit needs to isolate is carried out the photoelectricity isolation, main control chip partly is used for the associated voltage signal of the battery modules that collects is carried out calculation process, provides optimum battery balanced charge and discharge system.
Balanced power module is used at charge and discharge process the battery of abnormality in time being handled, to reach the purpose of balance charge/discharge.
Integrated voltage detecting, equalizing charge and three loops of balanced discharge in the detection module, realize the break-make in equalizing charge loop in the detection module and balanced discharge loop is switched by the control gate of optocoupler in the control module and detection chip, carry out balanced discharge in order to realize some battery that a batteries of any appointment is carried out equalizing charge and appointment arbitrarily.Detecting the loop mainly is to the voltage detecting that respectively saves cell in the battery modules; The equalizing charge loop mainly is that the battery of " crossing the state of putting " in the discharge process is charged; The balanced discharge loop mainly is that the battery that " overcharges state " in the charging process is discharged.
Battery modules is in series by multiple batteries, every batteries can be that battery is formed, also can is that many batteries compose in parallel, the end points of each cell in parallel is all drawn by pin, by the detection loop of connector access detection module 3, detection module 3 is realized the detection of the monomer battery voltage in the battery modules by the potential difference between the pin of connector.
Advantage of the present invention is: (1) realizes the break-make in equalizing charge loop in the detection module and balanced discharge loop is switched by the control gate of optocoupler in the control module and detection chip, carries out balanced discharge in order to realize some battery that a batteries of any appointment is carried out equalizing charge and appointment arbitrarily.(2) adopted detection voltage to judge the charging and discharging state that respectively saves cell in the battery pack, promptly respectively save the magnitude of voltage of cell by the real-time detection in voltage detecting loop in the detection module, pass to control module and carry out computing relatively, control the balanced discharge loop or the equalizing charge loop of balanced power module and detection module, " overcharging " and " cross and put " of occurring in the charge and discharge process handled.(3) in the balanced discharge loop in the charging process, adopt the method for parallel resistance to come the higher cell of magnitude of voltage is handled, to realize the equalizing charge of series battery.(4) balance charge/discharge that can realize large-scale battery modules by the mode of cascade is controlled.(5) by revising relevant parameter, can realize control, have certain versatility for the management of electrokinetic cell system to the balance charge/discharge of different performance electrokinetic cell.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the detection architecture block diagram of a kind of power-type lithium ion battery balance charge/discharge method of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the partial circuit diagram of the detection module of a kind of power-type lithium ion battery balance charge/discharge method of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the partial circuit diagram of the balanced power module of a kind of power-type lithium ion battery balance charge/discharge method of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is certain lithium ion battery equalizing charge process flow diagram.
Fig. 5 is certain lithium ion battery equalizing charge process flow diagram.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1.When battery modules 4 chargings and discharge, the voltage signal that respectively saves cell in the battery modules is detected in detection loop in the detection module 3 in real time, detection module 3 is sent to control module by data communication with the voltage signal that detection obtains, behind the photoelectric isolating circuit through control module 3 inside, be sent to main control chip, after the main control chip calculation process, judge and respectively save the residing state of cell.
In charging process, main control chip to each the joint cell voltage signal carry out calculation process after, judge and where save cell and be in " overcharging state ", to this batteries, control GPIO1 pin and detection module 3 on the balanced power module 2 by main control chip, open the balanced discharge loop of detection module 3 inside, the corresponding battery parallel resistance is handled, slow down the speed of this joint cell charging, each batteries is in balanced charge level in the whole charging process to keep.
In discharge process, main control chip to each the joint cell voltage signal carry out calculation process after, judge and where save cell and be in " cross put state ", to this batteries, control GPIO2 pin and detection module 3 on the balanced power module 2 by main control chip, open the equalizing charge loop of detection module 3 inside, this joint cell is charged, to guarantee that respectively saving cell in the whole discharge process is in balanced discharge level.
As shown in Figure 2.CHARGE-, DISCHARGE+, CHARGE+ signal are three access signals of balanced power module 2 among the figure.The first half circuit is used for handling " overcharging " problem (being the balanced discharge loop) of charging process, the latter half circuit is used for handling " cross and put " problem (being the equalizing charge loop) of discharge process, and GND among the figure and CELL1 are the test point (originally sentencing first segment is example) in the voltage detecting loop of certain batteries.Up and down two S1 and C1 pin are the control gate of detection chip among the figure.
In charging process, judge certain joint cell when " overcharging " having occurred (might as well be made as first segment) when main control chip, control gate S1 is changed to low level, and the indicator light D101 that always works is bright, represents that this joint cell is in imbalance.Balanced power module 2(is as shown in Figure 3 simultaneously) on, because the GPIO1 pin receives the low level signal that control module is sent, Light Coupled Device U6 conducting this moment, thereby the conducting of Q5 triode, and then have voltage difference VCC between DISCHARGE+ pin and the CHARGE-pin.At this moment, Light Coupled Device U101 conducting on the detection module, thereby metal-oxide-semiconductor Q101 conducting, final battery can discharge by R104 and R111 parallel branch, and conducting light-emitting diode D102, and expression is in the balanced discharge processing procedure to " overcharging " battery.
In discharge process, when main control chip is judged certain joint cell and " cross put " occurred (might as well be made as first segment), control gate S1 is changed to low level, and the indicator light D101 that always works is still bright, represents that this joint cell is in imbalance.Balanced power module 2(is as shown in Figure 3 simultaneously) on, because the GPIO2 pin receives the low level signal that control module is sent, Light Coupled Device U4 conducting this moment, thereby metal-oxide-semiconductor Q4 conducting, and then have voltage difference VCC between CHARGE+ pin and the CHARGE-pin.At this moment, Light Coupled Device U102 conducting on the detection module, thereby triode Q103 conducting, cause triode Q102 and Q104 conducting, finally, balanced power module 2 forms the loop by Q104, D105 and D104, Q102, and " cross and put " battery is charged, in the process, the bright expression of light-emitting diode D103 is in the equalizing charge adjustment process to " cross and put " battery.
D104 in the circuit, Q102, D105, Q104 will bear certain withstand voltage, and guaranteeing still can operate as normal in the system of more piece cell series connection.
As shown in Figure 4.Concrete charging process is as follows:
After charging process begins, the photoelectric isolating circuit that the voltage signal process control module inside of respectively saving cell that obtains is detected in detection module detection loop is sent to main control chip, main control chip is by carrying out computing and comparison to the voltage signal that receives, judge any batteries and be in " overcharging state ", again by the balanced discharge loop in the main control chip control detection module, corresponding battery is carried out parallel resistance handle, slow down charging rate, reach the purpose of equalizing charge.In the process of whole charging, when the magnitude of voltage of finding cell during above certain scope δ, just carries out the equalizing charge adjustment process with average difference.The equalizing charge adjustment process is specific as follows described, and the GPIO1 pin in the balanced power module receives the control signal that main control chip sends, and opens balanced discharge loop corresponding with " overcharging " cell in the detection module, and the corresponding battery parallel resistance is handled.
In whole charging process, the monomer battery voltage that respectively saves of power brick rises synchronously, has realized the equalizing charge of series battery.The charged state of every joint cell all is a dynamic process, when the magnitude of voltage that obtains when detection and the rated voltage deviation of battery are no more than the δ value of setting, stops battery charge, thinks that battery is full of.In the whole charging process, the monomer battery voltage value that respectively saves of power brick rises synchronously, has realized the equalizing charge of battery pack.
As shown in Figure 5.Concrete discharge process is as described below:
Under the driving action of system in battery modules, to load discharge, after discharge process begins, the voltage detecting loop of detection module detect the voltage signal that respectively saves cell that obtains through control module inside photoelectric isolating circuit be sent to main control chip, program by main control chip inside is carried out computing relatively to the voltage signal that obtains, judge any batteries and be in " crossing the state of putting ", control equalizing charge loop in balanced power module and the detection module by main control chip again, corresponding battery is handled.
In the whole process of discharge, when the deviation of the magnitude of voltage of finding cell and average surpasses the δ value, just carry out the balanced discharge adjustment process.The balanced discharge adjustment process is specific as follows described, GPIO2 pin in the balanced power module 2 receives the control signal that main control chip sends, open the equalizing charge loop in the detection module, cell to " cross and put " carries out charging process, reach the purpose of equalizing charge, guarantee that the clean discharge that whole series connection monomer battery pack respectively saves cell is in par.Through adjusting, in whole discharge process, the monomer battery voltage that respectively saves of power brick descends synchronously, has realized the balanced discharge of series battery.
Claims (3)
1. power-type lithium ion battery balance charge/discharge method, described power-type lithium ion battery is the battery modules that the multiple batteries series connection constitutes, it is characterized in that: this method relies on the detection module that is connected with described battery modules, the balanced power module that is connected with detection module, the control module that is connected with described detection module, balanced power module realizes respectively;
Integrated detection, equalizing charge, three loops of balanced discharge in the detection module, realize the break-make in equalizing charge loop, balanced discharge loop is switched by the control gate of optocoupler in the detection module and detection chip, a batteries of any appointment is carried out equalizing charge and some battery of any appointment is carried out balanced discharge in order to realizing;
Described balanced power module carries out equalizing charge by the equalizing charge loop in the detection module to the single battery of described battery modules, and the part battery of described battery modules appointment is by the discharge resistance balanced discharge in the detection module;
Described control module comprises main control chip, described main control chip by photoelectric coupled circuit respectively with the voltage detecting loop of detection module, the equalizing charge loop, the balanced discharge loop connects, described main control chip carries out the break-make switching by described photoelectric coupled circuit to equalizing charge loop in the detection module and balanced discharge loop, the main control chip of described control module receives the magnitude of voltage that respectively saves cell in the detection module in the detected battery modules in the voltage detecting loop row operation comparison process of going forward side by side, when certain the joint cell in the described battery modules is in " over-discharge state ", control program in the described control module drives balanced power module, opens equalizing charge loop in the detection module in conjunction with the control gate of Light Coupled Device in the detection module and detection chip; When certain the joint cell in the described battery modules is in " overcharge condition ", control program in the described control module drives balanced power module, opens balanced discharge loop in the detection module in conjunction with the control gate of Light Coupled Device in the detection module and detection chip.
2. a kind of power-type lithium ion battery balance charge/discharge method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: all built-in cascade port of described detection module, battery modules, battery modules is by the series connection of cascade port realization battery modules, and detection module is realized balanced control by the mutual cascade of cascade port to mutual series connected battery module.
3. a kind of power-type lithium ion battery balance charge/discharge method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described control module adopts the voltage detecting method that the row that overcharges or put into excessively of the every batteries in the battery charge and discharge process in the battery modules is judged, described control module detects the voltage signal that respectively saves cell in the battery modules by the voltage detecting loop in the detection module and judges the described charging and discharging state that respectively saves cell, when detecting the abnormal state of certain batteries, described control module is controlled the equilibrium of balanced power module and detection module simultaneously and is filled, discharge loop is realized the equilibrium control of charge and discharge process.
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CN103580077A (en) * | 2012-07-30 | 2014-02-12 | 上海际芯微电子有限公司 | Storage battery pack equalization circuit and method |
CN103812150A (en) * | 2012-11-08 | 2014-05-21 | 国家电网公司 | Cell equalization method and device |
CN104135041A (en) * | 2014-04-21 | 2014-11-05 | 东莞钜威新能源有限公司 | Diagnosis method and diagnosis equipment of battery cell |
CN104242392A (en) * | 2014-09-11 | 2014-12-24 | 深圳供电局有限公司 | Device for monitoring and balancing voltage of storage battery |
CN105140976A (en) * | 2014-06-09 | 2015-12-09 | 深圳华粤宝电池有限公司 | Lithium ion power battery group equalization discharging system |
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CN103580077B (en) * | 2012-07-30 | 2015-12-16 | 上海际芯微电子有限公司 | A kind of storage battery equalizing circuit and method |
CN103812150A (en) * | 2012-11-08 | 2014-05-21 | 国家电网公司 | Cell equalization method and device |
CN104135041A (en) * | 2014-04-21 | 2014-11-05 | 东莞钜威新能源有限公司 | Diagnosis method and diagnosis equipment of battery cell |
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CN105406551A (en) * | 2015-12-23 | 2016-03-16 | 桂林信通科技有限公司 | On-line monitor and monitoring device having equilibrium function of monomer storage battery |
CN106602674A (en) * | 2017-02-08 | 2017-04-26 | 广州市极越电子有限公司 | Modular storage battery charging and discharging management device |
CN110832334A (en) * | 2017-06-20 | 2020-02-21 | 株式会社杰士汤浅国际 | Fault diagnosis device |
CN108233478A (en) * | 2018-02-02 | 2018-06-29 | 孙亮 | A kind of online charge-discharge system of communication storage battery |
CN110601299A (en) * | 2019-09-23 | 2019-12-20 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Battery capable of switching equalization mode, active equalization module and battery equalization method |
CN112768793A (en) * | 2020-07-22 | 2021-05-07 | 青岛瑰宝电子科技有限公司 | Active equalization compensation method, device and system for battery pack and electronic equipment |
CN112768793B (en) * | 2020-07-22 | 2024-05-14 | 青岛瑰宝电子科技有限公司 | Battery pack active equalization compensation method, device and system and electronic equipment |
CN112072727A (en) * | 2020-08-03 | 2020-12-11 | 合肥工业大学 | Battery pack balance control system and control method thereof |
CN112968499A (en) * | 2021-03-19 | 2021-06-15 | 高创(苏州)电子有限公司 | Battery control system, driving method and electronic equipment |
CN113224815A (en) * | 2021-05-14 | 2021-08-06 | 湖北三宁化工股份有限公司 | Direct-current screen storage battery discharging device and method |
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