CN102130462A - Intelligent compensation device for unbalanced electricity load - Google Patents

Intelligent compensation device for unbalanced electricity load Download PDF

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CN102130462A
CN102130462A CN2011100663294A CN201110066329A CN102130462A CN 102130462 A CN102130462 A CN 102130462A CN 2011100663294 A CN2011100663294 A CN 2011100663294A CN 201110066329 A CN201110066329 A CN 201110066329A CN 102130462 A CN102130462 A CN 102130462A
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compensation device
current
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transformer
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CN102130462B (en
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魏平
马庆华
黄海宇
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Hangzhou Decheng Technology Co.,Ltd.
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HANGZHOU DECHENG ELECTRIC POWER TECHNOLOGY CO LTD
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/30Reactive power compensation
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/50Arrangements for eliminating or reducing asymmetry in polyphase networks
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P80/00Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications
    • Y02P80/10Efficient use of energy, e.g. using compressed air or pressurized fluid as energy carrier

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Abstract

The invention discloses an intelligent electrical load unbalance compensation device, which belongs to the technical field of low voltage power distribution networks. The intelligent electrical load unbalance compensation device comprises a central control device, and a current and voltage sampling device, a zero sequence compensation device and a negative sequence compensation device which are in control connection with the central control device, wherein the current and voltage sampling device is used for collecting current and voltage signals of a load circuit; the zero sequence compensation device consists of a zigzag transformer TR and an impedance dynamic regulation device; and the negative sequence compensation device consists of combination switches FK1 to FK3, and grouped-switched compensation capacitors of each phase. The device can filter zero sequence current to be within 1A in a rated unbalanced load, increase the unbalance of three phases of current to be within 10 percent, ensure high electric energy utilization rate, safe and reliable running and remarkable energy saving effects, reduce loss and cost and improve the economic efficiency. The whole device is connected into a power grid in parallel, and is convenient to arrange, simple to use and applied to the low voltage power distribution networks of industrial mining, enterprises, traffic transportation department, residential areas and the like.

Description

用电负荷不平衡智能补偿装置Intelligent compensation device for unbalanced electricity load

技术领域technical field

本发明属于电力低压配网技术领域,具体为用电负荷不平衡智能补偿装置。The invention belongs to the technical field of electric low-voltage distribution network, in particular to an intelligent compensation device for unbalanced electric load.

背景技术Background technique

在我国传统的三相四线制配电变压器接线系统中,由于低压单相负荷不能人工完全均分,分配的负荷实际运行率不同等各种原因,而造成三相负荷不平衡现象是不可避免的。而这种三相负荷不平衡现象将必然导致损耗增加、用电效率下降、零序电流增加、缩短设备的使用寿命,严重时将导致电力设备不能正常工作。In the traditional three-phase four-wire distribution transformer wiring system in my country, due to various reasons such as the low-voltage single-phase load cannot be fully divided manually, the actual operating rate of the distributed load is different, and the unbalanced three-phase load is unavoidable. of. And this unbalanced three-phase load will inevitably lead to increased loss, decreased power efficiency, increased zero-sequence current, and shortened service life of equipment.

对变压器的危害:三相负荷不平衡将使得变压器处于不对称运行状态,从而造成变压器的损耗增大。根据变压器运行规程规定,在运行中的变压器中性线电流不能超过变压器低压侧额定电流的25%。此外,三相负荷不平衡会造成变压器零序电流过大,部分金属件升温增加,甚至导致变压器烧毁。Harm to the transformer: The unbalanced three-phase load will make the transformer run asymmetrically, which will increase the loss of the transformer. According to the transformer operating regulations, the neutral current of the transformer in operation cannot exceed 25% of the rated current of the low-voltage side of the transformer. In addition, the unbalanced three-phase load will cause excessive zero-sequence current of the transformer, increase the temperature of some metal parts, and even cause the transformer to burn out.

中性线和中性点电压问题:中性线零序电流过大,引起中性线烧毁,造成中性点电压偏移过大等问题。Neutral line and neutral point voltage problems: The zero-sequence current of the neutral line is too large, causing the neutral line to burn out, causing problems such as excessive neutral point voltage offset.

对用电设备的危害:三相电压不平衡将使得电动机中逆扭矩增加,从而导致电动机升温,效率下降,能耗增加等现象。因此三相电压的不平衡会导致用电设备使用寿命缩短,加速设备部件更换频率,增加设备维护成本。Harm to electrical equipment: The unbalanced three-phase voltage will increase the reverse torque in the motor, which will cause the motor to heat up, the efficiency will decrease, and the energy consumption will increase. Therefore, the imbalance of three-phase voltage will shorten the service life of electrical equipment, accelerate the replacement frequency of equipment parts, and increase equipment maintenance costs.

目前市场上补偿效果最好的分相无功补偿装置对负荷进行补偿,也只能将系统中的无功电流部分补掉,而对于不对称的有功电流部分却无能为力,有时无功补偿后却使电流的不平衡度有可能更大,因此电业供电部门只能采用人工分线的方式进行负荷调整。At present, the phase-separated reactive power compensation device with the best compensation effect on the market can compensate the load, but it can only compensate for the reactive current part in the system, but it is powerless for the asymmetrical active current part. The current imbalance may be even greater, so the power supply department of the electric industry can only adjust the load by manual branching.

由上述可知,用电系统的三相不平衡对变压器、电气设备以及用电系统的危害和影响是十分严重的,尤其是对电力能源的充分有效利用构成极大的障碍。在电力供应紧缺的今天,解决用电系统的三相不平衡问题已经是迫在眉睫的任务了。It can be seen from the above that the three-phase unbalance of the power system has very serious harm and influence on transformers, electrical equipment and power systems, and especially constitutes a great obstacle to the full and effective use of electric energy. In today's shortage of power supply, it is an urgent task to solve the three-phase unbalance problem of the power system.

当前交流电力系统一般都是A、B、C三相的,而电力系统的正序、负序、零序分量便是根据A、B、C三相的顺序来定的。正序:A相领先B相120度,B相领先C相120度,C相领先A相120度。负序:A相落后B相120度,B相落后C相120度,C相落后A相120度。零序:ABC三相相位相同,哪一相也不领先,也不落后。正序、负序、零序的出现是为了分析在系统电压、电流出现不对称现象时,把三相的不对称分量分解成对称分量(正、负序)及同向的零序分量。只要是三相系统,就能分解出上述三个分量。对于理想的电力系统,由于三相对称,因此负序和零序分量的数值都为零(这就是我们常说正常状态下只有正序分量的原因)。要使三相达到平衡,就要设法滤掉电网中存在的负序和零序分量。这是设计用电负荷不平衡智能补偿装置的理论依据。The current AC power system is generally three-phase A, B, and C, and the positive sequence, negative sequence, and zero sequence components of the power system are determined according to the order of the three phases A, B, and C. Positive sequence: Phase A leads phase B by 120 degrees, phase B leads phase C by 120 degrees, and phase C leads phase A by 120 degrees. Negative sequence: Phase A is 120 degrees behind phase B, phase B is 120 degrees behind phase C, and phase C is 120 degrees behind phase A. Zero sequence: ABC three-phase phase is the same, which phase is neither leading nor lagging behind. The appearance of positive sequence, negative sequence and zero sequence is to analyze the asymmetry of the system voltage and current, and decompose the asymmetrical components of the three phases into symmetrical components (positive and negative sequences) and zero sequence components in the same direction. As long as it is a three-phase system, the above three components can be decomposed. For an ideal power system, due to the three-phase symmetry, the values of the negative sequence and zero sequence components are both zero (this is why we often say that there are only positive sequence components in the normal state). To make the three-phase balance, it is necessary to try to filter out the negative sequence and zero sequence components existing in the power grid. This is the theoretical basis for designing an intelligent compensation device for unbalanced electric load.

发明内容Contents of the invention

针对现有技术中存在的上述问题,本发明的目的在于设计提供一种用电负荷不平衡智能补偿装置的技术方案,能有效改善三相负荷不能均分所引起的电能损耗和设备损害,有效抑制电网中存在的零序电流和负序电流,达到节能减排目的,有效节约能源损耗。In view of the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to design and provide a technical solution of an intelligent compensation device for unbalanced electric load, which can effectively improve the power loss and equipment damage caused by the three-phase load being unable to be evenly divided, effectively Suppress the zero-sequence current and negative-sequence current in the power grid, achieve the purpose of energy saving and emission reduction, and effectively save energy loss.

所述的用电负荷不平衡智能补偿装置,其特征在于包括中央控制装置及与其控制连接的电流电压采样装置、零序补偿装置、负序补偿装置,电流电压采样装置用于采集负载电路的电流、电压信号,所述的零序补偿装置由曲折变压器TR、阻抗动态调节装置组成,所述的负序补偿装置由复合开关FK1及AB相分组投切补偿电容器、复合开关FK2及BC相分组投切补偿电容器、复合开关FK3及CA相分组投切补偿电容器组成。The intelligent compensation device for unbalanced electric load is characterized in that it includes a central control device and a current and voltage sampling device, a zero-sequence compensation device, and a negative-sequence compensation device connected to the control device, and the current and voltage sampling device is used to collect the current of the load circuit , voltage signal, the zero-sequence compensation device is made up of zigzag transformer TR and impedance dynamic adjustment device, and the negative-sequence compensation device is composed of composite switch FK1 and AB phase group switching compensation capacitor, composite switch FK2 and BC phase group switching Compensation capacitor, compound switch FK3 and CA phase group switching compensation capacitor.

所述的用电负荷不平衡智能补偿装置,其特征在于所述的AB相分组投切补偿电容器、BC相分组投切补偿电容器、CA相分组投切补偿电容器均由一组并联的交流电容组成,该补偿电容器组采用三角形接线。The intelligent compensation device for unbalanced electric load is characterized in that the AB phase group switching compensation capacitors, BC phase group switching compensation capacitors, and CA phase group switching compensation capacitors are all composed of a group of parallel AC capacitors , the compensation capacitor bank adopts delta connection.

所述的用电负荷不平衡智能补偿装置,其特征在于所述的曲折变压器TR为原、副边绕组匝数相同的三相绕组变压器,Ia1-2A相进,Ia1-1 连接Ib2-1,Ia2-1 连接Ic1-1,Ia2-2 连接Ic2-2,Ib1-1 连接Ic2-1,Ib1-2 B相进,Ib2-2 连接Ic2-2,,Ic1-2 C相进,Ic2-2连接N零线。The intelligent compensation device for unbalanced electric load is characterized in that the meandering transformer TR is a three-phase winding transformer with the same number of turns of primary and secondary windings, Ia 1-2 A phase advance, Ia 1-1 connected to Ib 2-1 , Ia 2-1 connects Ic 1-1 , Ia 2-2 connects Ic 2-2 , Ib1-1 connects Ic 2-1 , Ib 1-2 B-phase advances, Ib 2-2 connects Ic 2-2 ,, Ic 1-2 C phase advances, Ic 2-2 connects N neutral line.

所述的用电负荷不平衡智能补偿装置,其特征在于所述的阻抗动态调节装置由并联在电路上的交流接触器KM2、电抗器L1组成。The intelligent compensation device for unbalanced electric load is characterized in that the impedance dynamic adjustment device is composed of an AC contactor KM2 and a reactor L1 connected in parallel on the circuit.

所述的用电负荷不平衡智能补偿装置,其特征在于还包括连接在电路上的总电源开关K1、零线开关K2,零线开关K2与中央控制装置控制连接。The intelligent compensation device for unbalanced electric load is characterized in that it also includes a main power switch K1 and a neutral switch K2 connected to the circuit, and the neutral switch K2 is controlled and connected to the central control device.

所述的用电负荷不平衡智能补偿装置,其特征在于还包括连接在电路上的防雷装置MOV,防雷装置MOV与中央控制装置控制连接。The intelligent compensation device for unbalanced electricity load is characterized in that it also includes a lightning protection device MOV connected to the circuit, and the lightning protection device MOV is connected to the central control device under control.

所述的用电负荷不平衡智能补偿装置,其特征在于还包括连接在电路上的缺相保护器QX、主接触器KM1,缺相保护器QX、主接触器KM1与中央控制装置控制连接。The intelligent compensation device for unbalanced electricity load is characterized in that it also includes a phase loss protector QX and a main contactor KM1 connected to the circuit, and the phase loss protector QX and the main contactor KM1 are controlled and connected to the central control device.

所述的用电负荷不平衡智能补偿装置,其特征在于还包括与中央控制装置控制连接的配变监控终端。The intelligent compensation device for unbalanced electric load is characterized in that it also includes a distribution transformer monitoring terminal connected to the central control device.

所述的用电负荷不平衡智能补偿装置,其特征在于还包括柜体,中央控制装置、负序补偿装置、零序补偿装置安装在柜体)内,柜体顶部设置温度传感器和散热风扇,温度传感器和散热风扇与中央控制装置控制连接。The intelligent compensation device for unbalanced electric load is characterized in that it also includes a cabinet, the central control device, the negative sequence compensation device, and the zero sequence compensation device are installed in the cabinet), and a temperature sensor and a cooling fan are arranged on the top of the cabinet. The temperature sensor and the cooling fan are controlled and connected with the central control device.

所述的用电负荷不平衡智能补偿装置,其特征在于所述的电流电压采样装置为分别设置在A相、B相、C相及中性线N1上用于电流信号采集的电流互感器CT1-5,设置在A相、B相、C相上用于电压信号采集的电压互感器PT6-8The intelligent compensation device for unbalanced electric load is characterized in that the current and voltage sampling devices are current transformers CT respectively arranged on phase A, phase B, phase C and the neutral line N1 for current signal collection. 1-5 , set voltage transformers PT 6-8 on phase A, phase B, and phase C for voltage signal acquisition.

上述用电负荷不平衡智能补偿装置,能在额定的不平衡负荷内将零序电流滤除在1A以内,将三相电流不平衡度提高到10%以内,电能使用率高,降低损耗,提高经济效益,减少成本,运行安全可靠,节能效果显著。整个装置并联接入低压电网,安装方便,使用简单。该产品适用于工矿、企业、交通运输部门、居民区等低压配电网。The above-mentioned intelligent compensation device for unbalanced electric load can filter the zero-sequence current within 1A within the rated unbalanced load, increase the unbalanced degree of three-phase current to within 10%, increase the utilization rate of electric energy, reduce loss, and improve Economic benefits, cost reduction, safe and reliable operation, remarkable energy-saving effect. The whole device is connected in parallel to the low-voltage power grid, which is easy to install and use. This product is suitable for low-voltage distribution networks such as industrial and mining, enterprises, transportation departments, and residential areas.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1为本发明的系统框图;Fig. 1 is a system block diagram of the present invention;

图2为本发明局部电气原理图;Fig. 2 is a partial electrical schematic diagram of the present invention;

图3为曲折变压器的结构示意图;Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a meander transformer;

图4为中央控制装置的电路框图;Fig. 4 is the circuit block diagram of central control device;

图5为本发明的柜体结构示意图;Fig. 5 is the cabinet structure schematic diagram of the present invention;

图中:1-中央控制装置、101-DSP控制芯片、102-通讯电路、103-电源电路、104-三相电压采样电路、105-三相电流采样电路、106-开关量输入电路、107-零序控制输出电路、108-负序控制输出电路;In the figure: 1-central control device, 101-DSP control chip, 102-communication circuit, 103-power supply circuit, 104-three-phase voltage sampling circuit, 105-three-phase current sampling circuit, 106-switch input circuit, 107- Zero sequence control output circuit, 108-negative sequence control output circuit;

2-电流电压采样装置、3-零序补偿装置、301-阻抗动态调节装置、4-负序补偿装置、5-配变监控终端、6-温度传感器、7-散热风扇、8-柜体。2-current and voltage sampling device, 3-zero sequence compensation device, 301-impedance dynamic adjustment device, 4-negative sequence compensation device, 5-distribution transformer monitoring terminal, 6-temperature sensor, 7-cooling fan, 8-cabinet.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

以下结合说明书附图对本发明做进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the description.

如图所示,用电负荷不平衡智能补偿装置包括中央控制装置1、电流电压采样装置2、零序补偿装置3、负序补偿装置4。所述的电流电压采样装置2为分别设置在A相、B相、C相及中性线N1、N2上用于电流信号采集的电流互感器CT1-5,设置在A相、B相、C相上用于电压信号采集的电压互感器PT6-8,电流电压采样装置2与中央控制装置1控制连接。所述的负序补偿装置4由复合开关FK1及AB相分组投切补偿电容器、复合开关FK2及BC相分组投切补偿电容器、复合开关FK3及CA相分组投切补偿电容器组成。AB相分组投切补偿电容器由电容C1、C2、C3并联组成,BC相分组投切补偿电容器由电容C4、C5、C6并联组成,CA相分组投切补偿电容器由电容C7、C8、C9并联组成,该补偿电容器组采用三角形接线。也可以根据负载的大小,确定各相补偿电容器中并联交流电容的个数及参数。复合开关FK1-FK3与中央控制装置1控制连接。As shown in the figure, the intelligent compensation device for unbalanced electric load includes a central control device 1 , a current and voltage sampling device 2 , a zero-sequence compensation device 3 , and a negative-sequence compensation device 4 . The current and voltage sampling device 2 is a current transformer CT 1-5 respectively arranged on phase A, phase B, phase C and neutral wires N1 and N2 for current signal acquisition, and is arranged on phase A, phase B, The voltage transformer PT 6-8 used for voltage signal acquisition on phase C, and the current and voltage sampling device 2 are connected to the central control device 1 under control. The negative sequence compensation device 4 is composed of a compound switch FK1 and AB phase group switching compensation capacitors, a compound switch FK2 and BC phase group switching compensation capacitors, a compound switch FK3 and CA phase group switching compensation capacitors. The AB phase group switching compensation capacitor is composed of capacitors C1, C2, and C3 in parallel, the BC phase group switching compensation capacitor is composed of capacitors C4, C5, and C6 in parallel, and the CA phase group switching compensation capacitor is composed of capacitors C7, C8, and C9 in parallel. , the compensation capacitor bank adopts delta connection. The number and parameters of the parallel AC capacitors in the compensation capacitors of each phase can also be determined according to the size of the load. The composite switches FK1-FK3 are connected to the central control device 1 for control.

所述的零序补偿装置3由曲折变压器TR、阻抗动态调节装置301组成,阻抗动态调节装置301与中央控制装置1控制连接。所述的阻抗动态调节装置301由并联在电路上的交流接触器KM2、电抗器L1组成。所述的曲折变压器TR为原、副边绕组匝数相同的三相绕组变压器,Ia1-2A相进,Ia1-1 连接Ib2-1,Ia2-1 连接Ic1-1,Ia2-2 连接Ic2-2,Ib1-1 连接Ic2-1,Ib1-2 B相进,Ib2-2 连接Ic2-2,,Ic1-2 C相进,Ic2-2连接N零线。所述的曲折变压器TR(ZigZag变压器)的变比设置为1:1,即原、副边绕组匝数相同,这样可以使得在原边输入的电流与副边感应的输出电流相同。由曲折变压器的接线方式得:The zero-sequence compensation device 3 is composed of a meander transformer TR and an impedance dynamic adjustment device 301 , and the impedance dynamic adjustment device 301 is connected to the central control device 1 under control. The impedance dynamic adjustment device 301 is composed of an AC contactor KM2 and a reactor L1 connected in parallel on the circuit. The zigzag transformer TR is a three-phase winding transformer with the same number of turns of primary and secondary windings, Ia 1-2 A phase advance, Ia 1-1 is connected to Ib 2-1 , Ia 2-1 is connected to Ic 1-1 , Ia 2-2 is connected to Ic 2-2 , Ib1-1 is connected to Ic 2-1 , Ib 1-2 is connected to B phase, Ib 2-2 is connected to Ic 2-2 , Ic 1-2 is connected to C phase, and Ic 2-2 is connected N zero line. The transformation ratio of the zigzag transformer TR (ZigZag transformer) is set to 1:1, that is, the number of turns of the primary and secondary windings is the same, so that the current input on the primary side is the same as the output current induced by the secondary side. From the wiring method of the meander transformer:

Ia1(t) = Ia2(t)Ia1(t) = Ia2(t)

I b1 (t) = I b2 (t) I b1 (t) = I b2 (t)

I c1 (t) = I c2 (t) I c1 (t) = I c2 (t)

由原副边变比关系From the ratio relationship between primary and secondary sides

I a2 (t) = I b1 (t) I a2 (t) = I b1 (t)

I b2 (t) = I c1 (t) I b2 (t) = I c1 (t)

I c2 (t) = I a1 (t) I c2 (t) = I a1 (t)

所以得出;I a1 (t) = I b1 (t) = I c1 (t) So it follows; I a1 (t) = I b1 (t) = I c1 (t)

即流入曲折变压器TR原边的电流幅值相等、相位相同,所以变压器对零序电流是阻抗值很低的通路。故利用此原理,将曲折变压器并联接入系统中,可使零序电流经过曲折变压器而不再通过中性线。曲折变压器各相绕组相互交叉连接,通过互相补偿铁芯的磁通量,使各相绕组对正序、负序电压形成高阻抗,而对零序电压形成低阻抗。将曲折变压器并联接入系统中,可使零序电流经过曲折变压器而不再通过中性线,从而实现零序电流补偿。而负序电流的补偿采用分相、分组投切补偿电容器,该补偿电容器组采用三角形接线。该装置不仅可以补偿负序电流,对三相负荷的无功功率自动进行补偿,而且还具有针对三相负荷有功功率的不对称状况进行自动调整。That is, the currents flowing into the primary side of the zigzag transformer TR have the same amplitude and phase, so the transformer is a very low impedance path for the zero-sequence current. Therefore, using this principle, the meandering transformer is connected in parallel to the system, so that the zero-sequence current can pass through the meandering transformer instead of the neutral line. The windings of each phase of the meander transformer are cross-connected to each other. By compensating the magnetic flux of the iron core, the windings of each phase form a high impedance to the positive sequence and negative sequence voltage, and form a low impedance to the zero sequence voltage. Connecting the meander transformer in parallel to the system can make the zero-sequence current pass through the meander transformer instead of the neutral line, thereby realizing zero-sequence current compensation. The compensation of negative sequence current adopts phase-splitting and group switching compensation capacitors, and the compensation capacitor bank adopts delta connection. The device can not only compensate the negative sequence current, automatically compensate the reactive power of the three-phase load, but also automatically adjust the asymmetry of the active power of the three-phase load.

上述用电负荷不平衡智能补偿装置,还在电路上连接设置总电源开关K1、防雷装置MOV、缺相保护器QX、主接触器KM1、零线开关K2,总电源开关K1、防雷装置MOV、缺相保护器QX、主接触器KM1、零线开关K2分别与中央控制装置1控制连接。缺相保护器QX主要对三相电压过压、欠压、缺相、相序错进行检测,防雷装置MOV对该装置及负载侧进行防雷保护功能,该装置采用立式组合结构,分为室内、室外两种类型柜体。中央控制装置1、负序补偿装置4、零序补偿装置3安装在其柜体8内,柜体8顶部设置温度传感器6和散热风扇7,温度传感器6、散热风扇7与中央控制装置1控制连接,当整个机柜里的温度高于预设的值时,散热风扇7自动开始工作给装置散热。柜体8内还设置与中央控制装置1控制连接的配变监控终端5,配变监控终端5能够现场实时监控变压器、设备及电网运行数据等信息,通过公网如:GPRS/CDMA/GSM将得到数据的分析结果远程传输到电力局主站。也可以通过电力局主站远程遥控或现场的报警信息通过遥控端口对一些用电设备进行控制。The above intelligent compensation device for unbalanced electricity load is also connected to the circuit with a main power switch K1, a lightning protection device MOV, a phase loss protector QX, a main contactor KM1, a neutral switch K2, a main power switch K1, and a lightning protection device. MOV, phase loss protector QX, main contactor KM1, and neutral switch K2 are respectively connected to the central control device 1 under control. The phase loss protector QX mainly detects the overvoltage, undervoltage, phase loss and phase sequence error of the three-phase voltage. The lightning protection device MOV provides lightning protection for the device and the load side. There are two types of cabinets, indoor and outdoor. The central control device 1, the negative sequence compensation device 4, and the zero sequence compensation device 3 are installed in the cabinet body 8, and the temperature sensor 6 and the cooling fan 7 are installed on the top of the cabinet body 8, and the temperature sensor 6, the cooling fan 7 and the central control device 1 control connected, when the temperature in the entire cabinet was higher than the preset value, the cooling fan 7 automatically started working to dissipate heat to the device. The distribution transformer monitoring terminal 5 connected to the central control device 1 is also set in the cabinet body 8. The distribution transformer monitoring terminal 5 can monitor information such as transformers, equipment and power grid operation data in real time on site. Through the public network such as: GPRS/CDMA/GSM will The analysis results of the obtained data are transmitted to the main station of the power bureau remotely. It is also possible to control some electrical equipment through the remote control of the main station of the power bureau or the alarm information on site through the remote control port.

所述的中央控制装置1主要由DSP控制芯片101、通讯电路102、电源电路103、三相电压采样电路104、三相电流采样电路105、开关量输入电路106、零序控制输出电路107、负序控制输出电路108组成。其中,通讯电路102连接DSP控制芯片101串行接口,用于现场及远程通讯;电源电路102提供整个装置的工作电源;三相电压采样电路104、三相电流采样电路105连接DSP控制芯片101的高精度模数转换口,输入的三相电压、电流通过电压、电流互感器电流互感器CT1-5和电压互感器PT6-8,再经过低通滤波电路后,作为DSP内ADC通道的输入部分;DSP控制芯片内部含有用于采样电压电流的ADC通道,完成对电压电流的采样。开关量输入电路106、零序控制输出电路107、负序控制输出电路108与DSP控制芯片101连接,实现对负序、零序电流的控制输出,以及各种开关状态、故障量的输入。The central control device 1 is mainly composed of a DSP control chip 101, a communication circuit 102, a power supply circuit 103, a three-phase voltage sampling circuit 104, a three-phase current sampling circuit 105, a switch input circuit 106, a zero-sequence control output circuit 107, a negative The sequence control output circuit 108 is composed. Wherein, the communication circuit 102 is connected to the DSP control chip 101 serial interface for on-site and remote communication; the power supply circuit 102 provides the working power of the whole device; High-precision analog-to-digital conversion port, input three-phase voltage, current through voltage, current transformer current transformer CT 1-5 and voltage transformer PT 6-8 , after passing through the low-pass filter circuit, it is used as the ADC channel in the DSP Input part; the DSP control chip contains an ADC channel for sampling voltage and current to complete the sampling of voltage and current. Switch input circuit 106, zero-sequence control output circuit 107, and negative-sequence control output circuit 108 are connected to DSP control chip 101 to realize control output of negative-sequence and zero-sequence current, and input of various switch states and fault quantities.

所述的DSP控制芯片101采用TI公司的DSP(TMS320F2808),该DSP内部含有多个通道的12位ADC转换器,其中6个通道,用来采样ABC三相电压电流信号,2个通道用来采样负载零序电流、补偿零序电流;三相电压采样电路104连接到3个电压互感器CT6-8、三相电流采样电路105连接到5个电流互感器CT1-5,输入的三相电压UA、UB、UC经过电阻分压及3个电压互感器CT6-8;输入的负荷电流IA、IB、IC分别经过5个电流互感器CT1-5,再通过由单电源运算放大器(MV358I)和精密电阻组成的交流信号放大电路进行放大,以及由单电源运算放大器(MV358I)组成的抗混叠滤波电路进行低通滤波,送入DSP控制芯片101。DSP控制芯片101具有16个模拟输入通道,16个通道可以同时进行同步采样和转换,通过数字信号处理流程得到各种所需的参数,各相电流及电压有效值、功率因数、零序补偿量、负序补偿量等。开关量输入电路106、零序控制输出电路107、负序控制输出电路108由集成块(74HC14 、ULN2004A)、光耦(PS2501T)、继电器(APA3311 )组成,实现对复合开关与接触器的控制及整个系统的运行状态的监测。所述的通讯电路102、电源电路103、三相电压采样电路104、三相电流采样电路105、开关量输入电路106、零序控制输出电路107、负序控制输出电路108的具体电路结构为现有公知技术,在此不再赘述。所述的DSP控制芯片101用来完成整个系统的控制工作,具体的控制方法也属于现有公知技术,在此不再赘述。Described DSP control chip 101 adopts the DSP (TMS320F2808) of TI Company, the 12-bit ADC converter that contains multiple channels inside this DSP, wherein 6 channels, are used for sampling ABC three-phase voltage and current signal, 2 channels are used for Sampling the load zero-sequence current and compensating the zero-sequence current; the three-phase voltage sampling circuit 104 is connected to three voltage transformers CT 6-8 , the three-phase current sampling circuit 105 is connected to five current transformers CT 1-5 , and the input three The phase voltages UA, UB, and UC pass through resistor dividers and three voltage transformers CT 6-8 ; the input load currents IA, IB, and IC respectively pass through five current transformers CT 1-5 , and then pass through a single-supply operational amplifier. (MV358I) and an AC signal amplifier circuit composed of precision resistors for amplification, and an anti-aliasing filter circuit composed of a single-supply operational amplifier (MV358I) for low-pass filtering, and send it to the DSP control chip 101. DSP control chip 101 has 16 analog input channels, 16 channels can simultaneously sample and convert synchronously, and obtain various required parameters, such as current and voltage effective values of each phase, power factor, and zero-sequence compensation amount through digital signal processing , Negative sequence compensation, etc. Switch input circuit 106, zero-sequence control output circuit 107, and negative-sequence control output circuit 108 are composed of integrated block (74HC14, ULN2004A), optocoupler (PS2501T), relay (APA3311), and realize the control and control of composite switches and contactors. Monitoring of the operating status of the entire system. The specific circuit structures of the communication circuit 102, the power supply circuit 103, the three-phase voltage sampling circuit 104, the three-phase current sampling circuit 105, the switching value input circuit 106, the zero-sequence control output circuit 107, and the negative-sequence control output circuit 108 are as follows: There are known techniques, which will not be repeated here. The DSP control chip 101 is used to complete the control work of the entire system, and the specific control method also belongs to the existing known technology, and will not be repeated here.

工作时,合上总电源开关K1给装置上电,缺相保护器QX检测三相电压是否正常,三相电压正常,中央控制装置1得电,主程序开始自检,正常主接触器KM1吸合,启动指示灯亮,装置开始正常工作。经CT1-CT5采样的电流信号、经CT6-CT8采样的电压信号送入DSP(TMS320F2808),经过程序处理后求出负序、零序补偿量,控制复合开关FK1- FK3与阻抗动态调节装置301,现实对负序、零序的自动补偿。When working, turn on the main power switch K1 to power on the device, and the phase loss protector QX detects whether the three-phase voltage is normal. Close, the start indicator light is on, and the device starts to work normally. The current signal sampled by CT1-CT5 and the voltage signal sampled by CT6-CT8 are sent to DSP (TMS320F2808), and the negative sequence and zero sequence compensation are obtained after program processing, and the combined switch FK1-FK3 and impedance dynamic adjustment device 301 are controlled , Realistic automatic compensation for negative sequence and zero sequence.

上述用电负荷不平衡智能补偿装置具有以下功能:通过采样三相电压、三相电流及曲折变压器TR和阻抗动态调节装置301来消除零线上的电流,实现零序补偿;通过AB相分组投切补偿电容器、BC相分组投切补偿电容器、CA相分组投切补偿电容器来平衡AC、BC、AB相间电流,来实现负序补偿;由此来平衡负荷均等运行;具有无功补偿的功能,可有效滤除零序电流,同时也可实现负序、零序分别进行补偿,达到三相平衡的效果,可完全替代无功补偿装置;消除零线上的电流,装置可以采样获得零线上的实时电流,零序补偿过载保护功能,当零序补偿平衡后,零序分量大于出厂预设保护值时,装置将在1秒钟内停止工作;故障短信告警功能,装置出现任何故障时,可通过配变监控终端5检测出,然后以短信方式将故障类型告知用户;还可以收集变压器及低配二次侧电网的运行数据,并及时上传主站;程序自检保护功能,装置通电后,程序能自动检测装置内的控制电路板上采样电路的静态工作点是否正常;过压、欠压、缺相时软硬件双重保护功能,当电网电压过压、欠压、缺相时,装置快速停止工作,确保装置安全;可以对变压器及低配二次侧电网运行数据进行监控并及时上传数据;能滤除3次、9次等谐波电流;减小配电变压器零序阻抗;降低零线电流带来的变压器附加铁损;降低三相不平衡时带来的绕组铜损耗;降低三相不平衡时带来的电压偏移;减少无功电流损耗,提高功率因数;防止中性线过热造成变压器中线烧毁,保证变压器安全运行,进而提高变压器的使用寿命。The above-mentioned intelligent compensation device for unbalanced electric load has the following functions: eliminate the current on the zero line by sampling three-phase voltage, three-phase current, meandering transformer TR and impedance dynamic adjustment device 301, and realize zero-sequence compensation; Switching compensation capacitors, BC phase group switching compensation capacitors, CA phase group switching compensation capacitors to balance the current between AC, BC, and AB phases to achieve negative sequence compensation; thus to balance the load and equal operation; with the function of reactive power compensation, It can effectively filter out the zero-sequence current, and at the same time, it can also realize the compensation of negative sequence and zero sequence respectively, so as to achieve the effect of three-phase balance, and can completely replace the reactive power compensation device; eliminate the current on the zero line, and the device can sample the zero line Real-time current, zero-sequence compensation overload protection function, when the zero-sequence compensation is balanced, and the zero-sequence component is greater than the factory preset protection value, the device will stop working within 1 second; fault SMS alarm function, when any fault occurs in the device, It can be detected by the distribution transformer monitoring terminal 5, and then inform the user of the fault type by SMS; it can also collect the operation data of the transformer and the secondary side power grid of the low distribution, and upload it to the master station in time; the program self-test protection function, after the device is powered on , the program can automatically detect whether the static working point of the sampling circuit on the control circuit board in the device is normal; the double protection function of software and hardware in case of overvoltage, undervoltage and phase loss, when the grid voltage is overvoltage, undervoltage or phase loss, the device Stop working quickly to ensure the safety of the device; monitor the operation data of transformers and low-distribution secondary side grids and upload data in time; can filter out harmonic currents such as 3rd and 9th orders; reduce the zero-sequence impedance of distribution transformers; The additional iron loss of the transformer caused by the neutral line current; reduce the winding copper loss caused by three-phase unbalance; reduce the voltage offset caused by three-phase unbalance; reduce reactive current loss, improve power factor; prevent neutral The overheating of the line will cause the neutral line of the transformer to burn out, so as to ensure the safe operation of the transformer and improve the service life of the transformer.

1.测试数据补偿前后对比试验,见表1。1. Test data comparison test before and after compensation, see Table 1.

表1  采用不同原理的产品补偿前后数据对比记录(某地某日实验数据)Table 1 Comparison records of data before and after compensation of products using different principles (experimental data of a certain day in a certain place)

Figure 2011100663294100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Figure 2011100663294100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE002

产品效能分析:以某地单台400kVA配电变压器分析,根据容量需设置1台三相不平衡器补偿装置。Product efficiency analysis: Based on the analysis of a single 400kVA distribution transformer in a certain place, a three-phase unbalancer compensation device needs to be installed according to the capacity.

线路损耗减少:Line Loss Reduction:

Figure 2011100663294100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
      (三相平衡情况)
Figure 2011100663294100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
(three-phase balance)

则该元件在24H内的电能损耗为Then the power loss of the component within 24H is

考虑最恶劣情况,平衡装置安装前为单相负载用电,电流仅流过单相及中性线导体:Considering the worst case, the balancing device is used for single-phase loads before installation, and the current only flows through the single-phase and neutral conductors:

Figure 2011100663294100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
Figure 2011100663294100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE008

在装设平衡装置后After installing the balance

Figure 2011100663294100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
Figure 2011100663294100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE010

线损降低为未平衡前的六分之一,这是最极端情况,线损降低幅度也最大,一般情况,由装置主要的应用场所低压干线或主要支线末端不平衡率为20%为例,由负荷的三种不同情况具体分析:The line loss is reduced to one-sixth of that before unbalanced. This is the most extreme case, and the reduction in line loss is also the largest. In general, take the unbalanced rate of 20% at the end of the low-voltage main line or main branch line in the main application place of the device as an example. Specific analysis by three different situations of load:

(1)一相负荷重、一相负荷轻,第三相负荷为平均负荷,当不平衡率为20%时,由三相不平衡所引起的线损约增加11%;(1) The load of one phase is heavy, the load of one phase is light, and the load of the third phase is the average load. When the unbalance rate is 20%, the line loss caused by the three-phase unbalance will increase by about 11%;

(2)一相负荷重、两相负荷轻,由三相不平衡所引起的线损约增加8%;(2) One-phase load is heavy, two-phase load is light, and the line loss caused by three-phase unbalance increases by about 8%;

(3)一相负荷轻、两相负荷重,由三相不平衡所引起的线损约增加20%。(3) One-phase load is light, two-phase load is heavy, and the line loss caused by three-phase unbalance increases by about 20%.

变压器损耗:Transformer losses:

配电变压器三相不平衡运行时三相绕组的总损耗可类同线路损耗计算。以型号为SJ、315kVA 、10kV/0.4kV变压器的零序电阻R0=0.122Ω,零序电抗X0=0.174Ω,绕组电阻R1=0.00849Ω为例,当Ia=100A、Ib=200A、Ic=300A,功率因数相同为0.7,附加损耗和附加铜损的总损耗功率为3.65kW。相对于该变压器的额定损耗功率6.3kW,损耗增加约58%。The total loss of the three-phase winding of the distribution transformer can be calculated similarly to the line loss when the three-phase unbalanced operation is performed. Take the zero-sequence resistance R 0 =0.122Ω, zero-sequence reactance X 0 =0.174Ω, and winding resistance R 1 =0.00849Ω of a SJ, 315kVA, 10kV/0.4kV transformer as an example. When Ia=100A, Ib=200A, Ic=300A, the same power factor is 0.7, the total power loss of additional loss and additional copper loss is 3.65kW. Compared with the rated loss power of the transformer of 6.3kW, the loss increases by about 58%.

采用本发明所述的用电负荷不平衡智能补偿装置后,有望将电网低压台区线损6%,变压器损耗3.5%,综合线损为9.5%,降低为线损4.5%,变压器损耗2.6%,综合线损为7.1%。After adopting the intelligent compensation device for unbalanced power load of the present invention, it is expected to reduce the line loss of the low-voltage station area of the power grid to 6%, the transformer loss to 3.5%, and the comprehensive line loss to 9.5%, reducing the line loss to 4.5% and the transformer loss to 2.6%. , The comprehensive line loss is 7.1%.

每年按运行8760小时计算,负载率0.6,电费按0.6元/kWh计算。The calculation is based on 8760 hours of operation per year, the load rate is 0.6, and the electricity fee is calculated at 0.6 yuan/kWh.

节约电能 =运行时间×负载率×额定功率×综合线损减少率Energy saving = running time × load rate × rated power × comprehensive line loss reduction rate

单台变压器每年可节约: 电能   7.50×104  kWhA single transformer can save annually: Electric energy 7.50×10 4 kWh

电费    4.5万元人民币Electricity fee 45,000 RMB

装置本身能耗,根据实验测试,单台用电负荷不平衡智能补偿装置整机功耗小于80W,一年电费为420.5元人民币。The energy consumption of the device itself, according to the experimental test, the power consumption of a single intelligent compensation device for power load imbalance is less than 80W, and the annual electricity bill is 420.5 yuan.

按照平均每发一度电,消耗400克标准煤计算。每台变压器可节约30吨煤,节约用水300立方米,减少21吨碳粉尘、75吨二氧化碳、2.25吨二氧化硫、及1.14吨氮氧化合物,节能效果明显。Calculated on the basis of the average consumption of 400 grams of standard coal for every kilowatt-hour of electricity generated. Each transformer can save 30 tons of coal, 300 cubic meters of water, 21 tons of carbon dust, 75 tons of carbon dioxide, 2.25 tons of sulfur dioxide, and 1.14 tons of nitrogen oxides. The energy-saving effect is obvious.

以上是单台变压器安装后产生的直接节能效果分析,不包括电力运营商对功率因数超标的用户所采取的经济处罚,从以上结果可以看出:用电负荷不平衡智能补偿装置是在输出有功之和不变的前提下,将负荷均匀分配到三相输出上去,这时零序电流大为减少,这样大大降低了零序损耗和中性点电位偏移;与市场上的无功补偿装置相比,其提高节能效果达30%以上,改善了供电质量,降低了供电损耗。The above is an analysis of the direct energy-saving effect after the installation of a single transformer, excluding the economic penalties imposed by power operators on users whose power factor exceeds the standard. From the above results, it can be seen that the intelligent compensation device for power load imbalance On the premise that the sum remains unchanged, the load is evenly distributed to the three-phase output. At this time, the zero-sequence current is greatly reduced, which greatly reduces the zero-sequence loss and neutral point potential offset; it is different from the reactive power compensation device on the market. Compared with it, its energy-saving effect is increased by more than 30%, the quality of power supply is improved, and the loss of power supply is reduced.

Claims (10)

1. the uneven intelligent compensation device of power load, it is characterized in that comprising that central control unit (1) reaches and the current-voltage sampling device (2) of its control connection, zero sequence compensation device (3), negative sequence compensation device (4), current-voltage sampling device (2) is used to gather the electric current of load circuit, voltage signal, described zero sequence compensation device (3) is by tortuous transformer TR, impedance dynamic adjustments device (301) is formed, and described negative sequence compensation device (4) is by combination switch FK1 and AB phase grouping switching compensation condenser, combination switch FK2 and BC phase grouping switching compensation condenser, combination switch FK3 and CA phase grouping switching compensation condenser are formed.
2. the uneven intelligent compensation device of power load as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that described AB phase grouping switching compensation condenser, BC phase grouping switching compensation condenser, CA phase grouping switching compensation condenser form by the ac capacitor of one group of parallel connection, this compensation condenser group adopts delta connection.
3. the uneven intelligent compensation device of power load as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described tortuous transformer TR is the identical three-phase winding transformer of former and deputy limit umber of turn, Ia 1-2A advances mutually, Ia 1-1Connect Ib 2-1, Ia 2-1Connect Ic 1-1, Ia 2-2Connect Ic 2-2, Ib1 -1Connect Ic 2-1, Ib 1-2B advances mutually, Ib 2-2Connect Ic 2-2,, Ic 1-2C advances mutually, Ic 2-2Connect the N zero line.
4. the uneven intelligent compensation device of power load as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described impedance dynamic adjustments device (301) is made up of the A.C. contactor KM2, the reactor L1 that are connected in parallel on the circuit.
5. the uneven intelligent compensation device of power load as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that also comprising the total power switch K1, the zero line K switch 2 that are connected on the circuit, zero line K switch 2 and central control unit (1) control connection.
6. the uneven intelligent compensation device of power load as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that also comprising the lightning protection device MOV that is connected on the circuit, lightning protection device MOV and central control unit (1) control connection.
7. the uneven intelligent compensation device of power load as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that also comprising the open phase protector QX, the main contactor KM1 that are connected on the circuit, open phase protector QX, main contactor KM1 and central control unit (1) control connection.
8. the uneven intelligent compensation device of power load as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that also comprising the Distribution Transformer Terminal Unit (5) with central control unit (1) control connection.
9. the uneven intelligent compensation device of power load as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that also comprising cabinet (8), central control unit (1), negative sequence compensation device (4), zero sequence compensation device (3) are installed in the cabinet (8), cabinet (8) top is provided with temperature sensor (6) and radiator fan (7), temperature sensor (6) and radiator fan (7) and central control unit (1) control connection.
10.. the uneven intelligent compensation device of power load as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described current-voltage sampling device (2) reaches mutually and is used for the current transformer CT that current signal is gathered on the neutral line N1 for being separately positioned on A phase, B phase, C 1-5, be arranged on the voltage transformer pt that A phase, B phase, C are used for voltage signal acquisition on mutually 6-8
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102313838A (en) * 2011-07-22 2012-01-11 重庆大学 Intelligent load monitoring and mutual supplying method for distribution transformer
CN102684212A (en) * 2012-06-05 2012-09-19 商城县供电有限责任公司 Device for automatically adjusting three-phase load imbalance
CN102684212B (en) * 2012-06-05 2015-02-25 商城县供电有限责任公司 Device for automatically adjusting three-phase load imbalance
US9851769B2 (en) 2013-07-04 2017-12-26 Abb Schweiz Ag Method for balancing a chain-link converter in delta configuration
CN104902704A (en) * 2015-05-12 2015-09-09 国家电网公司 Reactive power factor abnormality remote alarm device
CN106205304A (en) * 2016-06-21 2016-12-07 国网河南省电力公司漯河供电公司 A kind of true value power distribution network pilot system
CN110474351A (en) * 2019-08-28 2019-11-19 王振铎 Energy-saving three-phase watt current full automatic balance circuit structure and control method
WO2021036248A1 (en) * 2019-08-28 2021-03-04 王振铎 Energy-saving circuit structure capable of automatically balancing active currents in three phases and control method
CN110912161A (en) * 2019-12-12 2020-03-24 西南交通大学 Method for judging open-phase fault of power supply incoming line of traction substation
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CN111509989A (en) * 2020-05-11 2020-08-07 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 Three-phase becomes single-phase power supply and transformation device based on adjustable reactor
CN113612203A (en) * 2021-08-06 2021-11-05 国网河北省电力有限公司检修分公司 Device and method for protecting phase sequence relay of transformer
CN114137354A (en) * 2021-09-29 2022-03-04 汕头经济特区广澳电力发展公司 Low-voltage distribution network electric leakage simulation system
CN115436840A (en) * 2022-09-01 2022-12-06 广西电网有限责任公司南宁供电局 Intelligent identification method for power supply area station-to-user relationship

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