CN102115446A - 一种催化合成手性姜黄素类似物的方法 - Google Patents
一种催化合成手性姜黄素类似物的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及不对称催化共轭加成的化学反应过程,是一种催化合成手性姜黄素类似物的方法,是以硝基烯烃和姜黄素类似物为原料,以叔胺-硫脲有机催化剂为催化体系,于溶剂中进行反应,反应时间0.5~15天,反应温度-40~40oC,生成共轭加成产物,其反应通式为:式中,R1、R2为脂肪族和芳香族基团;所述的叔胺-硫脲有机催化剂的结构式为: 式中:R1为含有叔胺的金鸡纳碱衍生物;R2、R3为各自不同或相同的芳香族取代基;R4为磺酰基取代基;所述的叔胺-硫脲有机催化剂在硝基烯烃与姜黄素类似物Michael加成反应中具有很高的催化活性和立体选择性,对映选择性最高达97%,收率最高达96%,反应底物范围广。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及不对称催化共轭加成的化学反应过程,具体地说,是一种催化合成手性姜黄素类似物的方法。
背景技术
姜黄素(Curcumin)是姜科姜黄属植物姜黄根茎中的一种酚性色素成分,在食品行业中广泛用做调色和抗氧剂。随着社会的发展和技术的进步,人们越来越关注对天然生物资源的开发和利用。目前,基于天然产物的药物开发已经成为药物研究领域的热点之一,姜黄素因其具有抗菌、抗氧化、消炎、抗癌、抗HIV等多种生物活性而引起药物研究人员的极大兴趣。
近年来,以姜黄素作为先导化合物进行深层次药用开发的文章和专利文献不断出现。2001年,Kumar 等人合成了一系列姜黄素生物共轭体,研究了它们对阴沟肠杆菌、消化球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、腐生葡萄球菌、徽球菌、金黄葡萄球菌和化脓性链球菌的抗菌作用,该系列姜黄素生物共轭体显示出了很高的抗菌活性。2003年,Vajragupta等人合成了锰与姜黄素、二乙酰基姜黄素的三个络合物,并分析了它们的离体抗油脂过氧化反应和过氧化歧化酶活性,该研究结果表明:锰与姜黄素的络合物对大脑油脂过氧化显示出了极好保护作用。2004年,Costi等人设计、合成了一系列2,6-二苯基亚甲基环己酮的姜黄素衍生物,生物测试结果显示:该类化合物对HIV-1整合酶具有很强的抑制活性。2005年,Selvam等人设计、合成了一系列含吡唑和噁唑结构的姜黄素的类似物,并研究了它们的抗氧化、氧化酶抑制和抗炎活性。2005年,Weber等人设计、合成了与姜黄素相关的三种烯酮类化告物并进行了抗氧化活性研究,该研究表明,大多数具有取代酚环和不含取代酚结构的化合物都有抗氧化活性。对于姜黄素的作用机制,研究人员认为:姜黄素分子中的1,3-二酮是重要的抗氧化特性结构,自由基作为新发现的致病因子已引起人们的广泛关注,它与炎症、肿瘤及心血管疾病的发生有关,而姜黄素的抗炎、抗氧化、抗肿瘤作用与清除自由基有一定的关系。因此,与姜黄素药理活性有关的研究已成为了一个热点。目前的研究表明:姜黄素作为COX-1,COX-2的抑制剂具有抗疟疾、抗氧化、抗衰老等方面的活性。
过去几年,随着不对称有机催化研究的迅速发展,出现了一系列可以催化不对称共轭加成的叔胺-硫脲类有机小分子催化剂。经过研究人员的不懈努力,该类催化剂已成功应用于硝基烯烃与丙二酸酯、硝基烷烃和β-萘酚的不对称共轭加成反应。该类叔胺-硫脲类有机小分子催化剂通过氢键的作用同时活化了硝基烯烃和亲核试剂,得到了高对映选择性的手性产物。尽管基于叔胺-硫脲类有机小分子催化剂的不对称共轭加成反应的研究已有很大的发展,但是,对其应用范围的研究仍在进行中;尽管姜黄素类似物具有良好的药理活性,但是,对手性姜黄素类似物的合成尚无公开报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的是设计并合成新的手性催化剂并将其应用于手性姜黄素类似物的合成中,为此,提供一种基于有机催化的合成手性姜黄素类似物的新方法。
为实现上述目的,本发明采取的技术方案为:
一种催化合成手性姜黄素类似物的方法,其特征是,以硝基烯烃和姜黄素类似物为原料,分别以含有一个或一个以上的叔胺、一个或一个以上的硫脲功能基团的催化剂为催化体系,于溶剂中进行反应,反应时间0.5~15天,反应温度-40~40oC,生成共轭加成产物,其反应通式为:
式中,R1、R2为脂肪族和芳香族基团;
所述的叔胺-硫脲有机催化剂的结构为:
式(1)中:R1为含有叔胺的金鸡纳碱衍生物;R2、R3为各自不同或相同的芳香族取代基;R4为磺酰基取代基;
所述的硝基烯烃的结构式为以下的结构式之一:
其上式(2)中:R1~R5为氢、甲基、甲氧基、卤原子或硝基;式(3)中:R6为C1-7烷基;式(4)中:X为氧原子或者硫原子;
所述的姜黄素类似物的结构式为:
式(5) 中:R1~R5为氢、甲基、甲氧基、卤原子;
所述的溶剂为二氯甲烷、氯仿、苯、甲苯、正己烷、环己烷、乙醚、四氢呋喃、乙酸乙酯、甲醇、乙醇、丙酮、乙腈、二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基亚砜、甲基叔丁基醚中的一种;
所述的硝基烯烃与姜黄素类似物的摩尔比为10:1~1:10;有机催化剂摩尔比用量为硝基烯烃的1~100%,姜黄素类似物与溶剂的重量比为1:2~100。
所述的叔胺-硫脲有机催化剂的结构式为:
式中,标有*号的碳原子为手性碳原子;R1为含有叔胺的金鸡纳碱衍生物;R4为芳烃磺酰基基团。
所述的催化合成手性姜黄素类似物的方法还可采用以下(7)、(8)、(9)、(10)结构式之一的叔胺-硫脲有机催化剂进行催化:
所述的叔胺-硫脲有机催化剂(结构式6)的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)手性9-氨基金鸡纳碱的制备
向50~100mL有机溶剂中加入金鸡纳碱和三苯基膦,冰水浴冷却至0℃,加入偶氮二甲酸酯,然后滴加二苯基磷酰基叠氮化物;滴加完毕后,使反应液自然升温至室温反应6~24小时,然后升温至50 ℃,保持1~4小时;再加入三苯基膦,维持加热至无气体溢出;将反应液冷却至室温,然后加入水,搅拌1~5小时;真空除去有机溶剂,将残渣溶解在二氯甲烷和10% 盐酸的混合溶液中,水相用二氯甲烷萃取,合并有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥、浓缩,残渣经硅胶柱色谱分离提纯得到微黄粘稠油状液体,即为手性9-氨基金鸡纳碱衍生物;金鸡纳碱与三苯基膦总量、偶氮二甲酸酯和二苯基磷酰基叠氮化物的物质的量之比均为1:1~5;
(2)9-氨基金鸡纳碱异硫氰酸酯的合成
向有机溶剂中加入二硫化碳和N, N'-二环已基碳二亚胺,冰水浴冷却至0℃,滴加由步骤(1)获得的手性9-氨基金鸡纳碱,滴加完毕后自然升温至室温,反应12~48小时,真空浓缩至干,加入乙醚,过滤并去除不溶物,将滤液真空浓缩至干,残渣经硅胶柱纯化得到目标产物,即9-氨基金鸡纳碱异硫氰酸酯;
手性9-氨基金鸡纳碱与二硫化碳的摩尔比为1~5:20,手性9-氨基金鸡纳碱与N, N'-二环已基碳二亚胺的摩尔比为1:1~5,每克手性9-氨基金鸡纳碱所需溶剂的量为5~20 mL;
(3)手性二胺与磺酰氯的偶联
向有机溶剂中加入磺酰氯和三乙胺,冰水浴冷却至0℃,再加入手性二胺,反应2~20小时,将反应液浓缩至干,残渣经硅胶柱纯化得到单保护手性二胺;
手性二胺与磺酰氯的摩尔比为1~1:5;手性二胺与三乙胺的摩尔比为1~1:2;
(4)硫脲的形成
向20~200mL有机溶剂中加入1~50 mmol由步骤(3)获得的单保护手性二胺,冰水浴冷却至0℃,然后滴加1~50 mmol 由步骤(2)获得的9-氨基金鸡纳碱异硫氰酸酯;滴加完毕后,使反应液自然升温至室温;然后反应12~72小时,然后将有机溶剂浓缩至干,残渣经硅胶柱纯化得到微黄色固体,即为叔胺-硫脲有机催化剂。
所述的有机溶剂为乙醚、四氢呋喃、二氯甲烷或三氯甲烷的一种。
步骤(1)所用的金鸡纳碱为辛可宁、辛可尼定、奎宁或奎宁定。
步骤(3)所用的手性二胺为手性的1, 2-二苯基-1, 2-乙二胺。
步骤(3)所用的磺酰氯为芳烃磺酰基基团。
本发明的积极效果是:
(1)催化剂结构新颖且合成过程简单,反应条件温和:所设计的有机催化剂结构独特,在一个分子中含有磺酰胺、叔胺和(硫)脲基团,这些功能基团在催化反应中能够分别活化不同的反应底物,表现出很强的协同作用;
(2)催化效率高,对映选择性好;对于所有的硝基烯烃与姜黄素衍生物的Michael 加成反应来说,一般只需要相当于5~10%摩尔用量的催化剂量就可以很好地进行反应,由于本发明设计的有机催化剂含有多个功能基团,能够使反应底物在空间排列上呈有序状,这样就决定了亲核试剂进攻反应底物的方向,可获得高的光学选择性;
(3)经济实用,本发明的反应不需要添加催化剂以外的任何酸或者碱;
(4)环境友好,本发明的反应不需要金属来引发,不必担心有毒金属的泄漏或排放;
(5)反应条件温和、操作简单,本发明为均相体系,可在非常温和的条件下进行反应,无需高温高压、无水无氧的苛刻条件,反应在室温内进行,后处理的操作也非常简单。
具体实施方式
以下提供本发明一种催化合成手性姜黄素类似物的方法的具体实施方式,介绍2个制备实施例,9个应用实施例,制备实施例是指叔胺-硫脲催化剂的合成,应用实施例是应用叔胺-硫脲催化剂来合成手性姜黄素类似物。需要指出,本发明的实施不限于以下的实施例。
制备实施例 1 叔胺-硫脲催化剂的合成
将(S,S)-1,2-二苯基乙二胺(2.12g,10.0 mmol)溶于40 mL无水四氢呋喃,冰水浴下加入三乙胺(2.78mL);在冰水浴下将50 mL 4-硝基苯磺酰氯(2.21g,10.0 mmol)的无水四氢呋喃溶液缓慢滴加入上述混合液中;滴加完后室温下搅拌12小时,混合物减压除去溶剂,残余物用硅胶柱色谱(石油醚 ׃乙酸乙酯 = 1 ׃1)分离得到白色固体3.34g,产率为84%;
将上述产物(1.07,2.7 mmol)溶于40 mL无水四氢呋喃,在冰水浴下,向其中逐滴加入40 mL由奎宁衍生的异硫氰酸酯(1g,2.7mmol)的无水四氢呋喃溶液;滴加完后室温搅下拌12小时,TLC检测反应完成,混合物减压浓缩,残余物用硅胶柱色谱(乙酸乙酯)分离得到白色固体1.77g,产率为86%(产物构型为S, S, S;R1为奎宁,R2 ,、R3为苯基,R4为对硝基苯磺酰基),其结构式为:
1H NMR (400 MHz, (CD3)2CO): δ (ppm) 8.77-8.76 (m, 1H),
8.06-7.94 (m, 4H), 7.69-7.67 (m, 2H), 7.53 (br, 1H), 7.45-7.43 (m, 1H),
7.10-6.93 (m, 10H), 5.83-5.72 (m, 2H), 4.99-4.88 (m, 2H), 4.77-4.75 (m, 1H),
4.05 (s, 3H), 3.31-3.18 (m, 3H), 2.69 (br, 2H), 2.30 (br, 1H), 2.06-2.05 (m,
2H), 1.69-1.58 (m, 3H), 1.41-1.35 (m, 1H), 1.03-0.99 (m, 1H). 13C
NMR (100 MHz, (CD3)2CO): δ (ppm) 205.1, 170.1, 157.9, 149.4,
147.7, 146.9, 144.8, 141.6, 138.3, 138.1, 131.6, 128.2, 128.0, 127.9, 127.8,
127.5, 127.2, 123.6, 121.7, 113.9, 102.9, 102.8, 63.4, 59.7, 55.5, 55.4, 41.1,
39.5, 27.6, 27.4, 25.7, 20.1, 13.7. HRMS (ESI): 理论 [M+H]+ (C41H43N6O5S2)
763.2736, 得到 763.2726。
制备实施例 2 叔胺-硫脲催化剂的合成
与制备实施例1不同之处在于:所用的苯磺酰基保护基为3,5-双三氟甲基苯基磺酰基,其他的实验方法和条件同实施例1,最终的产物为白色固体,产率为84%(产物构型为S, S, S;R1为奎宁,R2、R3为苯基,R4为3,5-双三氟甲基苯磺酰基),其结构式为:
1H NMR (400 MHz, (CD3)2CO):
δ (ppm) 8.66 (d, J = 4.4
Hz, 1H), 8.03-7.93 (m, 5H), 7.48 (m, J = 4.4 Hz, 1H), 7.39-7.36 (m, 1H),
7.10-7.02 (m, 5H), 6.94-6.90 (m, 5H), 5.86-5.77 (m, 3H), 5.01-4.89 (m, 3H),
3.97 (s, 3H), 3.29-3.23 (m, 3H), 2.77-2.70 (m, 2H), 2.34 (br, 1H), 1.76-1.65
(m, 3H), 1.41-1.35 (m, 1H), 1.08-1.03 (m, 1H). 13C NMR (100 MHz, (CD3)2CO):
δ (ppm) 205.4, 183.5,
170.1, 157.6, 147.5, 144.8, 144.5, 141.8, 138.1, 136.8, 131.7, 131.5, 131.3,
128.3, 128.0, 127.8, 127.5, 127.2, 125.4, 124.0, 121.4, 113.7, 102.8, 63.1,
62.2, 62.1, 60.5, 59.7, 55.5, 55.3, 40.9, 39.7, 27.7, 27.6, 25.7, 19.9, 13.6.
HRMS (ESI): 理论 [M+H]+ (C43H42N5O3F6S2)
854.2633, 得到854.2632。
应用实施例 1 一种手性姜黄素类似物的催化合成
,
在0.3mL二氯甲烷中,加入1-苯基2-硝基乙烯(22.4mg,0.15mmol)、姜黄素衍生物(62.1mg, 0.225mmol)、1, 2-二苯基乙二胺(R、R)和奎宁构建的叔胺-硫脲催化剂(R1为奎宁,R2为对硝基苯基,X为硫,1, 2-二苯基乙二胺为R,R构型)(5.7mg,0.0075mmol), 加完料后室温下搅拌12小时,反应转化完全;
将反应液减压浓缩,用硅胶层析柱分离(石油醚 ׃ 乙酸乙酯 = 5 ׃ 1),得到黄色固体61.7mg,产率为96%,ee = 96%。旋光度[α]D 22 =
- 210.0 (c = 0.99, CH2Cl2);熔点mp = 138~140 ℃; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3):
δ (ppm) 7.75 (d, J = 16.0
Hz, 1H), 7.58~7.56 (m, 2H), 7.51~7.46 (m, 3H), 7.44~7.35 (m, 7H), 7.32~7.29 (m, 2H), 7.27~7.23 (m, 2H), 6.95 (d, J =
16.0 Hz, 1H), 6.73 (d, J = 16.0 Hz, 1H), 4.82~4.72 (m, 3H), 4.60~4.54 (m, 1H). 13C
NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 192.9, 191.8, 146.3, 145.4,
136.2, 133.8, 133.7, 131.5, 131.2, 129.1, 128.9, 128.7, 128.3, 128.1, 123.7,
123.1, 78.3, 67.5, 42.9. HRMS (EI): 理论M+ (C27H23NO4)
425.1627, 得到425.1637。手性分析通过HPLC,具体条件为[AS-H column, 254 nm,
Hexane: EtOH = 4:1, 0.8 mL/min]: 12.1 min (主), 15.9 min (次)。
应用实施例
2
与实施例1的不同之处在于:所用的硝基烯烃为 1-邻氯苯基2-硝基乙烯,反应时间为72小时, 其他的实验方法和条件同实施例1,产率为86%,ee = 97%。旋光度[α]D 22 =
- 155.4 (c = 0.99, CH2Cl2);熔点mp = 120~121℃, 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 7.73 (d, J = 16.0
Hz, 1H), 7.58-7.54 (m, 3H), 7.51~7.49 (m, 2H), 7.45~7.37 (m, 7H), 7.31~7.29 (m, 1H), 7.23~7.17 (m, 2H), 6.90 (d, J =
16.0 Hz, 1H), 6.84 (d, J = 16.0 Hz, 1H), 5.11~5.93 (m, 3H), 4.87~4.83 (m, 1H). 13C
NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 192.9, 191.7, 146.2, 145.7,
134.0, 133.8, 133.7, 131.4, 131.2, 130.5, 129.4, 129.1, 129.0, 128.9, 128.8,
127.4, 124.4, 122.4, 76.5, 65.4, 53.4. HRMS (EI):理论 M+ (C27H22NO4Cl)
459.1237,得到 459.1252. 手性分析通过HPLC,具体条件为[AS-H column, 254 nm,
Hexane: EtOH = 4:1, 0.8 mL/min]: 12.4 min (主), 15.1 min (次)。
应用实施例
3
与实施例1的不同之处在于:所用的硝基烯烃为1-间溴苯基2-硝基乙烯,反应时间为18小时, 其他的实验方法和条件同实施例1,产率为81%,ee = 90%。旋光度[α]D 22
= - 187.2 (c = 0.50, CH2Cl2);熔点mp = 117~118 ℃; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 7.76 (d, J = 16.0
Hz, 1H), 7.59~7.55 (m, 2H), 7.51~7.47 (m, 4H), 7.45~7.36 (m, 7H), 7.23~7.15 (m, 2H), 6.94 (d, J =
16.0 Hz, 1H), 6.74 (d, J = 16.0 Hz, 1H), 4.81~4.68 (m, 3H), 4.56~4.50 (m, 1H). 13C
NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 192.5, 191.5, 146.6, 145.9,
138.8, 133.7, 133.6, 131.6, 131.5, 131.4, 131.3, 130.5, 129.1, 129.0, 128.9,
128.8, 126.9, 123.5, 123.1, 123.0, 77.8, 67.0, 42.5. HRMS (EI): 理论M+ (C27H22NO4Br)
503.0732, 得到503.0737。手性分析通过HPLC,具体条件为[AS-H column, 254 nm,
Hexane: EtOH = 4:1, 0.8 mL/min]: 12.4 min (主), 17.2 min (次)。
应用实施例
4
与实施例1的不同之处在于:所用的硝基烯烃为1-对氟苯基2-硝基乙烯,反应时间为72小时, 其他的实验方法和条件同实施例1,产率为93%,ee = 90%。旋光度[α]D 22 =
- 209.6 (c = 0.50, CH2Cl2);熔点mp = 92~93 ℃; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 7.77 (d, J = 16.0
Hz, 1H), 7.5~7.47 (m, 5H), 7.45~7.36 (m, 6H), 7.26~7.29 (m, 2H), 7.01~6.93 (m, 3H), 6.75 (d, J =
16.0 Hz, 1H), 4.81~4.69 (m, 3H), 4.60~4.54 (m, 1H). 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 192.7, 191.7,
163.6, 161.1, 146.5, 145.7, 133.7, 132.1, 132.0, 131.5, 131.4, 129.9, 129.8,
129.1, 129.0, 128.9, 128.7, 123.6, 122.9, 116.1, 115.9, 78.3, 67.5, 42.3. HRMS
(EI): 理论 M+ (C27H22NO4F)
443.1533, 得到 443.1534。手性分析通过HPLC,具体条件为[AS-H column, 254 nm,
Hexane: EtOH = 4:1, 0.8 mL/min]: 11.4 min (主), 15.3 min (次)。
应用实施例
5
与实施例1的不同之处在于:所用的硝基烯烃为1-对甲氧基苯基2-硝基乙烯,反应时间为24小时, 其他的实验方法和条件同实施例1,产率为82%,ee = 89%。旋光度[α]D 23 =
- 179.6 (c = 0.50, CH2Cl2);熔点mp = 126~127 ℃; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3):
δ (ppm) 7.76 (d, J = 16.0
Hz, 1H), 7.59~7.57 (m, 2H), 7.51~7.47 (m, 3H), 7.47~7.36 (m, 6H), 7.21~7.19 (m, 2H), 6.95 (d, J =
16.0 Hz, 1H), 6.82~6.80 (m, 2H), 6.74 (d, J = 16.0 Hz, 1H), 4.77~4.67 (m, 3H), 4.55~4.49 (m, 1H), 3.73 (s,
3H). 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 193.1, 192.0,
159.3, 146.2, 145.3, 133.8, 133.7, 131.4, 131.2, 129.3, 129.0, 128.9, 128.7,
127.9, 123.8, 123.0, 114.4, 78.5, 67.6, 55.1, 42.3. HRMS (EI): 理论 M+ (C28H25NO5)
455.1733, 得到 455.1740。 手性分析通过HPLC,具体条件为[AS-H column, 254 nm, Hexane: EtOH =
4:1, 0.8 mL/min]: 15.4 min (主), 21.5 min (次)。
应用实施例
6
与实施例1的不同之处在于:所用的硝基烯烃为1-对甲基苯基2-硝基乙烯,反应时间为18小时, 其他的实验方法和条件同实施例1,产率为85%,ee = 91%。旋光度[α]D 23 =
- 202.8 (c = 0.49, CH2Cl2); 熔点mp = 94~95 ℃; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3):
δ (ppm) 7.75 (d, J = 16.0
Hz, 1H), 7.58~7.56 (m, 2H), 7.51~7.46 (m, 3H), 7.46~7.35 (m, 6H), 7.18~7.16 (m, 2H), 7.10~7.08 (m, 2H), 6.95 (d, J =
16.0 Hz, 1H), 6.74 (d, J = 16.0 Hz, 1H), 4.79~4.69 (m, 3H), 4.56~4.50 (m, 1H), 2.26 (s,
3H). 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 193.1, 191.9,
146.2, 145.3, 138.0, 133.8, 133.7, 133.1, 131.4, 131.2, 129.7, 129.0, 128.9,
128.7, 128.0, 123.8, 123.1, 78.4, 67.5, 42.7, 21.0. HRMS (EI): 理论M+ (C28H25NO4)
439.1784, 得到 439.1789. 手性分析通过HPLC,具体条件为[AS-H column, 254 nm,
Hexane: EtOH = 4:1, 0.8 mL/min]: 11.2 min (主), 15.1 min (次)。
应用实施例
7
与实施例1的不同之处在于:所用的硝基烯烃为 1-萘基2-硝基乙烯,反应时间为24小时, 其他的实验方法和条件同实施例1,产率为84%,ee = 90%。旋光度[α]D 23 =
- 166.8 (c = 0.49, CH2Cl2); 熔点mp = 129~130 ℃; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3):
δ (ppm) 7.81~7.75 (m, 5H), 7.57~7.55 (m, 2H), 7.47~7.32 (m, 12H), 6.97 (d, J
= 16.0 Hz, 1H), 6.75 (d, J = 16.0 Hz, 1H), 4.86~4.82 (m, 3H), 4.76~4.70 (m, 1H). 13C
NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 192.6, 191.8, 149.6, 146.2,
145.5, 142.7, 133.8, 133.7, 131.4, 131.2, 129.1, 129.0, 128.8, 128.7, 124.1,
123.0, 110.7, 109.1, 75.9, 64.2, 36.9. HRMS (EI): 理论 M+ (C31H25NO4)
475.1784, 得到 475.1786. 手性分析通过HPLC,具体条件为[AS-H column, 254 nm,
Hexane: EtOH = 4:1, 0.8 mL/min]: 13.6 min (主), 18.9 min (次)。
应用实施例
8
与实施例1的不同之处在于:所用的硝基烯烃为1-呋喃基2-硝基乙烯,反应时间为72小时, 其他的实验方法和条件同实施例1,产率为62%,ee = 93%。旋光度[α]D 23 =
- 192.8 (c = 0.48, CH2Cl2); 熔点mp = 128~129 ℃; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3):
δ (ppm) 7.72 (d, J = 16.0
Hz, 1H), 7.60~7.52 (m, 5H), 7.44~7.39 (m, 7H), 6.88 (d, J =
16.0 Hz, 1H), 6.77 (d, J = 16.0 Hz, 1H), 6.25~6.22 (m, 2H), 4.87~4.78 (m, 3H), 4.69~4.63 (m, 1H). 13C
NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 192.6, 191.8, 149.6, 146.2,
145.6, 142.7, 133.8, 133.7, 131.4, 131.2, 129.1, 129.0, 128.8, 128.7, 124.1,
123.0, 110.7, 109.0, 75.9, 64.2, 36.9. HRMS (EI): 理论M+ (C25H21NO5)
415.1420, 得到415.1428. 手性分析通过HPLC,具体条件为[AS-H column, 254 nm,
Hexane: EtOH = 8:1, 0.8 mL/min]: 24.7 min (主), 28.6 min (次)。
应用实施例
9
与实施例1的不同之处在于:所用的硝基烯烃为1-正丙基-2-硝基乙烯,反应时间为48小时, 其他实验方法和条件同实施例1,产率为82%,ee = 92%。旋光度[α]D 23 =
- 129.0 (c = 0.99, CH2Cl2); 熔点mp = 89~90 ℃; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3):
δ (ppm) 7.75~7.71 (m, 2H), 7.60~7.58 (m, 4H), 7.43~7.40 (m, 6H), 6.94~6.86 (m, 2H), 4.67~4.55 (m, 2H), 4.50 (d, J =
9.2 Hz, 1H), 3.18~3.12 (m, 1H), 1.52~1.33 (m, 4H), 0.92 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H). 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3):
δ (ppm) 193.8, 193.3,
145.7, 145.6, 133.9, 133.8, 131.3, 131.2, 129.1, 129.0, 128.8, 124.6, 123.4,
76.1, 65.6, 36.9, 31.5, 29.7, 19.7, 13.8. HRMS (EI): 理论 M+ (C24H25NO4)
391.1784,得到391.1786. 手性分析通过HPLC,具体条件为[AS-H column, 254 nm,
Hexane: EtOH = 30:1, 0.8 mL/min]: 19.4 min (主), 21.1 min (次)。
Claims (8)
1. 一种催化合成手性姜黄素类似物的方法,其特征在于,以硝基烯烃和姜黄素类似物为原料,分别以含有一个或一个以上的叔胺、一个或一个以上的硫脲功能基团的催化剂为催化体系,于溶剂中进行反应,反应时间0.5~15天,反应温度-40~40oC,生成共轭加成产物,其反应通式为:
,
式中,R1、R2为脂肪族和芳香族基团;
所述的叔胺-硫脲有机催化剂的结构式为:
式(1)中:R1为含有叔胺的金鸡纳碱衍生物;R2、R3为各自不同或相同的芳香族取代基;R4为磺酰基取代基;
所述的硝基烯烃的结构式为以下的结构式之一:
上述式(2)中:R1~R5为氢、甲基、甲氧基、卤原子或硝基;式(3)中:R6为C1-7烷基;式(4)中:X为氧原子或者硫原子;
所述的姜黄素类似物的结构式为:
式(5) 中:R1~R5为氢、甲基、甲氧基、卤原子;
所述的溶剂为二氯甲烷、氯仿、苯、甲苯、正己烷、环己烷、乙醚、四氢呋喃、乙酸乙酯、甲醇、乙醇、丙酮、乙腈、二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基亚砜、甲基叔丁基醚中的一种;
所述的硝基烯烃与姜黄素类似物的摩尔比为10:1~1:10;有机催化剂摩尔比用量为硝基烯烃的1~100%,姜黄素类似物与溶剂的重量比为1:2~100。
4.
根据权利要求2所述的一种催化合成手性姜黄素类似物的方法,其特征在于,所述的叔胺-硫脲有机催化剂的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)手性9-氨基金鸡纳碱的制备
向50~100mL有机溶剂中加入金鸡纳碱和三苯基膦,冰水浴冷却至0℃,加入偶氮二甲酸酯,然后滴加二苯基磷酰基叠氮化物;滴加完毕后,使反应液自然升温至室温反应6~24小时,然后升温至50 ℃,保持1~4小时;再加入三苯基膦,维持加热至无气体溢出;将反应液冷却至室温,然后加入水,搅拌1~5小时;真空除去有机溶剂,将残渣溶解在二氯甲烷和10% 盐酸的混合溶液中,水相用二氯甲烷萃取,合并有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥、浓缩,残渣经硅胶柱色谱分离提纯得到微黄粘稠油状液体,即为手性9-氨基金鸡纳碱衍生物;金鸡纳碱与三苯基膦总量、偶氮二甲酸酯和二苯基磷酰基叠氮化物的物质的量之比均为1:1~5;
(2)9-氨基金鸡纳碱异硫氰酸酯的合成
向有机溶剂中加入二硫化碳和N, N'-二环已基碳二亚胺,冰水浴冷却至0℃,滴加由步骤(1)获得的手性9-氨基金鸡纳碱,滴加完毕后自然升温至室温,反应12~48小时,真空浓缩至干,加入乙醚,过滤并去除不溶物,将滤液真空浓缩至干,残渣经硅胶柱纯化得到目标产物,即9-氨基金鸡纳碱异硫氰酸酯;
手性9-氨基金鸡纳碱与二硫化碳的摩尔比为1~5:20,手性9-氨基金鸡纳碱与N, N'-二环已基碳二亚胺的摩尔比为1:1~5,每克手性9-氨基金鸡纳碱所需溶剂的量为5~20 mL;
(3)手性二胺与磺酰氯的偶联
向有机溶剂中加入磺酰氯和三乙胺,冰水浴冷却至0℃,再加入手性二胺,反应2~20小时,将反应液浓缩至干,残渣经硅胶柱纯化得到单保护手性二胺;
手性二胺与磺酰氯的摩尔比为1~1:5;手性二胺与三乙胺的摩尔比为1~1:2;
(4)硫脲的形成
向20~200mL有机溶剂中加入1~50 mmol由步骤(3)获得的单保护手性二胺,冰水浴冷却至0℃,然后滴加1~50 mmol 由步骤(2)获得的9-氨基金鸡纳碱异硫氰酸酯;滴加完毕后,使反应液自然升温至室温;然后反应12~72小时,然后将有机溶剂浓缩至干,残渣经硅胶柱纯化得到微黄色固体,即为叔胺-硫脲有机催化剂。
5. 根据权利要求4所述的一种催化合成手性姜黄素类似物的方法,其特征在于,所述的有机溶剂为乙醚、四氢呋喃、二氯甲烷或三氯甲烷的一种。
6. 根据权利要求4所述的一种催化合成手性姜黄素类似物的方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)所用的金鸡纳碱为辛可宁、辛可尼定、奎宁或奎宁定。
7. 根据权利要求4所述的一种催化合成手性姜黄素类似物的方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)所用的手性二胺为手性的1, 2-二苯基-1, 2-乙二胺。
8. 根据权利要求4所述的一种催化合成手性姜黄素类似物的方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)所用的磺酰氯为芳烃磺酰基基团。
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CN104418883A (zh) * | 2013-08-26 | 2015-03-18 | 保定市龙瑞药物技术有限责任公司 | 一种姜黄素磷酸酯类化合物及其制备方法和用途 |
CN105294756A (zh) * | 2014-07-29 | 2016-02-03 | 北京理工大学 | 一种胺基磷酸双姜黄素酯类化合物、制备方法及用途 |
CN105294756B (zh) * | 2014-07-29 | 2017-05-10 | 北京理工大学 | 一种胺基磷酸双姜黄素酯类化合物、制备方法及用途 |
CN107056777A (zh) * | 2017-03-14 | 2017-08-18 | 中国人民解放军第四军医大学 | 基于金鸡纳生物碱骨架的手性胍有机催化剂及其制备方法和应用 |
CN107056777B (zh) * | 2017-03-14 | 2019-06-21 | 中国人民解放军第四军医大学 | 基于金鸡纳生物碱骨架的手性胍有机催化剂及其制备方法和应用 |
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