CN102113126B - 采光型太阳电池模组 - Google Patents

采光型太阳电池模组 Download PDF

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CN102113126B
CN102113126B CN2008801306267A CN200880130626A CN102113126B CN 102113126 B CN102113126 B CN 102113126B CN 2008801306267 A CN2008801306267 A CN 2008801306267A CN 200880130626 A CN200880130626 A CN 200880130626A CN 102113126 B CN102113126 B CN 102113126B
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中田仗祐
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Abstract

一种采光型太阳电池模组(module),模组(20)包括:透光性第一基板(21)、第二基板(22)和多个群集(cluster)(30),群集(30)具有:多个杆状(rod)太阳电池单元(cell)(32);多个导电覆膜(31),使多个太阳电池单元(32)的第一电极(37)电性并联;多个导电构件(48),使多个太阳电池单元(32)的第一电极(38)电性并联;多个旁路二极管(bypass diode)(40),藉由导电覆膜(31)与导电构件(48)使其并联;以及多个导电连接构件(50),将导电覆膜(31)与邻接于特定方向的群集(30)的导电构件(48)电性连接。藉由将群集(30)构成为六角形或直线状图案,且多重配置,可提升采光率与发电能力的比例选择性的容许幅度,能提高作为窗材的新设计。

Description

采光型太阳电池模组
技术领域
本发明涉及一种采光型太阳电池模组,尤其涉及形成多个含有多个杆状太阳电池单元的群集,并将所述多个群集配置成多个行多个列的矩阵状等各种图案,且一体地组装于一对透光性基板的采光型太阳电池模组。
背景技术
在现有技术中,在可采光的窗材上组装有太阳电池单元的各种太阳电池模组或太阳电池面板业已实用化。一般而言,有使从晶圆状硅结晶制造的平板状硅太阳电池单元与两片玻璃板重叠而制作的硅型太阳电池模组(或面板)。该模组是将太阳电池单元隔着适当间隔排列成平面状,用带状导体连结各单元,并将上述构成配置于两片玻璃板之间,然后使用EVA(乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯:ethylene-vinyl acetate)树脂填入间隙而粘合。
另外,有组合非晶与微结晶的薄膜型太阳电池模组。为了欲将该模组形成于窗材时,会先在玻璃基板上成膜为透明电极膜TCO(SnO2),而为了制作单元电极部分而使用激光予以分离分割。继之,依序积层硅薄膜、非晶硅(a-Si)、硅薄膜微结晶,然后用激光将该发电层以一定的间距予以分离分割。接着,在背面整体将形成为电极的金属薄膜粘附于整面,再次用激光将金属层予以绝缘分离,而将小的薄膜太阳电池单元一次串联多数个。
在上述太阳电池模组中,受光面受限于太阳电池单元的单面,为模组周围的光的利用范围较窄且发电能力较低者。又在硅型太阳电池模组中,大尺寸的平板型太阳电池单元会导致采光率变差。再者,在薄膜型太阳电池模组中,会有难以于玻璃基板制造薄膜的问题。
在专利文献1中揭示一杆状太阳电池单元,其为:为减少半导体材料的加工损耗而作成小径的杆状结晶,将其切断成适当的长度后,沿着杆状半导体表面形成于一定深度的部分圆筒状pn接合、和在该杆状半导体表面的中央部,使一对小的带状正、负电极彼此隔着中心而对向的方式所设置的构造,然而,因该单元安装于反射镜聚光器(mirror collector)的焦点而使用,故所接收的光仅限于反射镜(mirror)的前方。此外,本案发明人亦有提案如专利文献2所示的在一部分形成有平坦面的杆状太阳电池单元。该杆状太阳电池单元是以单独接收相对于轴为360°的全入射光的方式制作。因此,其与上述硅型太阳电池单元或薄膜型太阳单元相比较,为小型的构成,可容易且廉价地制造。
由于组装有该杆状太阳电池单元的模组,如专利文献1所示般与组装有反射镜聚光器(mirror collector)者不同,且单元的表面为圆柱面,故可在相对于杆的中心轴涵盖于大致360°的范围接收光,且除了直射光外,在反射光、散射光较多的环境中可充分地发挥其效果。例如,在收纳于透明的封装体内时,其内部的反射光及散射光亦有助于发电,而在将兼作为窗户的太阳电池模组垂直地设置于大楼等的建筑物时,亦可吸收地面或周围的建筑物等的反射光而发电。太阳的直射光的入射角虽会随着时间而改变,但因受光面为圆柱面状,故与平面型受光面或专利文献1相比较,不会受限于入射方向,也可期盼较为稳定的发电。
【专利文献1】美国专利第3134906号公报
【专利文献2】国际公开WO2007/144944号公报
发明内容
然而,由于上述专利文献1的太阳电池单元是水平或垂直地固定于具有聚光功能的支持台,且该支持台配置成等间隔,故受光角度有所限制,且实际上难以组装于窗材,有欠缺新式样设计性的问题。又,由于上述专利文献2的太阳电池单元配置成直线状且密接状态,故在达成新式样设计性的提升上会产生问题。例如存在有在组装有上述专利文献2的杆状太阳电池模组的窗材时,由于太阳电池单元配置成密接状态,故适当设计作为窗材的采光率与作为太阳电池模组的发电能力的设计自由度变小,且视野会被太阳电池单元遮蔽而无法提高新式样设计性等问题。
本发明提供一种可使作为窗材的新式样设计性提升的采光型太阳电池模组,并提供一种可使作为窗材的采光率增加的采光型太阳电池模组等。
本发明的采光型太阳电池模组,是藉由多个杆状太阳电池单元来发电的采光型太阳电池模组,该多个杆状太阳电池单元分别具有:p型或n型的杆状半导体;形成于该杆状半导体的表层部的部分圆筒状pn接合和以隔着杆状半导体的轴心而对向的方式形成、并接合于上述pn接合的两端的一对带状第一电极、第二电极,包括:透光性第一基板;多个杆状太阳电池单元,使导电方向与第一基板正交的方向一致,且以分别形成与配置成多个行多个列的矩阵状的多个群集相同的配置图案的方式而群组化;多个导电覆膜,与多个群集对应而形成于上述第一基板的内面,且使各多个群集中的多个太阳电池单元的第一电极电性并联;多个导电构件,使上述各多个群集的多个太阳电池单元的第二电极电性并联;多个旁路二极管,为对应于上述多个群集的多个旁路二极管,且藉由上述导电覆膜及导电构件与各群集中多个太阳电池单元并联;多个导电连接构件,将上述各多个群集中的导电覆膜与邻接于特定方向的群集的导电构件电性连接;透光性第二基板,相对于上述第一基板隔着多个太阳电池单元平行地配置,且与上述多个导电构件隔着间隔而配置;以及透光性合成树脂塑模材料,充填于上述第一基板、第二基板之间,并密封成埋设有多个太阳电池单元、多个导电构件和多个导电连接构件的状态。
根据本发明的采光型太阳电池模组,由于多个群集分别具有多个杆状太阳电池单元,故各群集可自由地形成单元(cell)的配置图案。因此,可提升作为窗材的新式样设计性。由于该群集配置有多个,故可将一定的配置图案赋予至太阳电池模组,可提升新式样设计性。又由于杆状的太阳电池单元非常小,故即便使用于窗材上也可确保采旋光性。
本发明除了所述构成外,也可采用如下的各种构成。
(1)在上述第一基板的一端部设有上述采光型太阳电池模组的正极端子,在第一基板的另一端部设有上述采光型太阳电池模组的负极端子。
(2)上述太阳电池单元具有使逆电流旁通的旁通功能。
(3)上述各群集中的多个太阳电池单元配置于六角形的六个边上,且多个群集配置成多个行多个列的矩阵状。
(4)上述各行或各列的群集的多个太阳电池单元是藉由上述导电连接构件串联,并设有将上述多个列或多个行的各群集中的多个导电覆膜予以电性连接的交联导电覆膜。
(5)上述导电连接构件具有:与上述导电构件的一端部相连的导电构件延长部、和连接至该导电构件延长部的端部的导电连接片。
(6)各群集的多个太阳电池单元配置成一直线状。
(7)上述第一基板、第二基板是由透明的玻璃板所构成。
(8)采光未受到上述导电覆膜遮断的采光区域占整体面积的比例为50%以上。
(9)藉由将多片上述采光型太阳电池模组组装于金属制外周框,而配置成多个行或多个列。
(10)在上述多个导电覆膜的基底形成有着色及图案化的图样的陶瓷膜。
附图说明
图1为组装有本发明实施例1的采光型太阳电池模组的太阳电池面板的背面图;
图2为采光型太阳电池模组的部分缺口俯视图;
图3为太阳电池面板的侧面图;
图4为图1的IV-IV线剖面图;
图5为图1的V-V线剖面图;
图6为配置有多个群集的导电覆膜的第一基板的俯视图;
图7为多个群集(cluster)配置成多个行或多个列的矩阵状,且配线后的第一基板的俯视图;
图8为图7的纵剖面图;
图9为图8的主要部分放大图;
图10为图8的主要部分放大图;
图11为杆状太阳电池单元的立体图;
图12为杆状太阳电池单元的剖面图;
图13为实施例2太阳电池模组的多个群集配置成一直线状,且配线后的第一基板的俯视图;
图14为图13的XVI-XVI线剖面图;
图15为图13的XV-XV线剖面图;
图16为实施例3的太阳电池单元的剖面图;
图17为太阳电池单元的主要部分放大剖面图;以及
图18为太阳电池单元的等效电路图。
具体实施方式
以下,依据附图,说明用以实施本发明的最佳型态。
实施例1
首先,就本发明所使用的太阳电池面板1进行说明。
如图1-图5所示,太阳电池面板1是构成作为窗材,其由外周框3和三片采光型太阳电池模组20所构成。三片采光型太阳电池模组20(以下称为模组)是将其长度方向设为横向,且在同一平面上配置成3行1列的矩阵状而组装于外周框3。
在外周框3与模组20的间隙、及上下相邻接的模组20的间隙,充填密封材15(例如硅树脂),用来防止雨或有害气体侵入至内部。此外,不需将模组20的片数限定于三片,也可藉由变更外周框3的尺寸,并将多片模组20组装于外周框而配置成多个行或多个列。
如图3-图5所示,外周框3是铝制,其由上下一对水平框5a、5b和左右一对垂直框6a、6b所构成。在上方的水平框5a,具备有:导电性内部端子8a,沿着水平框5a的长度方向延设;左右一对输出端子9a,连接至该内部端子8a的两端部;绝缘构件11a,将所述输出端子9a自外周框3绝缘;板片弹簧(leaf spring)12,将内部端子8a往下方推压;以及支撑(backup)构件13a,从上方支撑(backup)模组20且将内部端子8a自水平框5a绝缘。
在下方的水平框5b,具备有:导电性内部端子8b,沿着水平框5b的长度方向延设;左右一对输出端子9b,连接至该内部端子8b的两端部;绝缘构件11b,将输出端子9b自外周框3绝缘;以及支撑构件13b,从下方支撑模组20且将内部端子8b自水平框5b绝缘。此外,构成外周框3的材料并未限定于铝,可使用各种金属制的材料。
上方及下方的输出端子9a、9b为金属制细长的薄板状,其一端部分别与内部端子8a、8b的左右两端部一体地连接,另一端部则从外周框3朝面板1的背侧突出。藉由板片弹簧12使上方内部端子8a朝上层模组20的负极端子24推压,并同时使上层模组20的正极端子23朝中层模组20的负极端子24推压,且使中层模组20的正极端子23朝下层模组20的负极端子24推压,而确实地电性连接。下层模组20的下方内部端子8b是藉由模组20的自身重量推压至正极端子23,而确实地电性连接。邻接的模组20间的电性连接,也藉由利用上层模组20的自身重量使上层的正极端子23推压接触于中层模组20的负极端子24,使中层的正极端子23推压接触于下层模组20的负极端子24而连接。
继之,就三片采光型太阳电池模组20进行说明,由于所述三片模组20全部具有相同的构造,故仅就一片模组20进行说明。
如图6-图12所示,该模组20是藉由多个杆状的太阳电池单元32而发电,其具备有:透光性第一基板21;多个六角形的群集30,在该第一基板21上配置成多个行或多个列的矩阵状;透光性第二基板22,相对在第一基板21隔着多个太阳电池单元32而配置成平行;以及透光性合成树脂塑模材料27,充填于基板21、22之间而塑模成埋设有多个群集30的状态。
继之,就第一基板21与第二基板22进行说明。
第一基板21是由周缘经去角的透明玻璃所构成,并加工成例如厚度2.8mm、长度210mm、宽度297mm。在第一基板21的下端部,设有外部连接用剖面倒L字状的正极端子23(正极护杆,bumper),在第一基板21的上端部,设有外部连接用剖面L字状的负极端子24(负极护杆,bumper)(参考图8)。在该正极端子23连接有与多个导电覆膜31相连的多个正极侧导电覆膜23a,在该负极端子24连接有多个负极侧导电覆膜24a。
第二基板22是与第一基板21同样,由周缘经去角的透明玻璃所构成,并加工成例如厚度2.8mm、长度210mm、宽度297mm。充填于基板21、22的间隙的合成树脂塑模材料27可使用例如EVA(乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯:ethylene-vinyl acetate)树脂。
如上所述,由于透光性合成树脂塑模材料27是充填于基板21、22之间,并塑模且一体化成埋设有多个太阳电池单元32和多个导电覆膜31和多个旁路二极管40和多个导电连接构件50的状态,故可保护太阳电池单元32,并同时可强化振动或机械式冲击,因此可防止模组20整体的破损,提高安全性。又,与一般使用的层合玻璃(laminated glass)、络网玻璃(wire glass)同样,即便于万一发生破损的情况下也可防止碎片四处飞散。
此处,简单地说明该模组20的制造方法。
在第一基板21上分别设置多个群集30,将薄片状塑模材料27载置于多个群集30上,然后在其上迭合第二基板22而收容于周知的积层装置。该积层装置具有藉由具伸缩性的膜而分隔成上下的真空室。下方具有透过板(plate)而加热试料的加热器。将迭合有第二基板22的试料载置于加热板上,一边将藉由膜而分隔的上下空间的气体进行排气,一边以150℃左右的温度将塑模材料27加热并予以热熔融。
然后,若仅将空气导入至成真空状态的膜的上方的真空室,藉由分隔膜可使基板21、22的两面受到所导入的空气压推压。接着,在该状态下进行冷却以使塑模材料27(EVA树脂)固化。藉由该热熔融与硬化,会使固体且乳白色的塑模材料27透明化,并使基板21、22之间的多个群集30接合,而完成两侧由玻璃夹持的一体化的模组20。
继之,就群集30的构造进行说明。
惟,由于多个群集30为相同的构造,故就一个群集30进行说明。如图2、图6-图10所示,群集30形成为六角形,其由:形成于第一基板21上的导电覆膜31;14个太阳电池单元32;旁路二极管40;导电连接构件50;以及将太阳电池单元32和旁路二极管40予以电性连接的导电构件48所构成。
接着,就导电覆膜31进行说明。
导电覆膜31是在第一基板21的内面形成为六角形,其使14个太阳电池单元32的正电极37和旁路二极管40的负电极45藉由导电糊料(paste)31b连接。导电覆膜31具有形成于导电覆膜31下端的突出部31a。在该突出部31a配置有邻接于列方向下方的群集30的导电连接片53,且连接有用以与邻接于行方向的群集30的导电覆膜31电性连接的交联导电覆膜55。各列的最下层的导电覆膜31是连接至正极侧导电覆膜23a。多个太阳电池单元32配置于导电覆膜31的六角形的六个边上,在太阳电池单元32中,在左右两侧的两个长边部,分别等间隔地配置有3个太阳电池单元32,在剩余的四个短边部,则分别配置有两个太阳电池单元32。在上端的角部,配置旁路二极管40。此外,采光未受到导电覆膜31遮断的采光区域占整体面积的比例为50%以上。
就该导电覆膜31而言,首先在第一基板21上将混合有喜好颜色的颜料的陶瓷糊进行丝网印刷并予以烧结,而形成陶瓷膜29以作为导电覆膜31的基底。接着,在陶瓷膜29上利用丝网印刷法印刷含有玻璃粉末(glass frit)的银糊料,并在550℃-620℃的温度下烧结而形成导电覆膜31。该导电覆膜31的宽度为2.4mm左右,较太阳电池单元32的直径大1.2-2.4倍。其厚度为0.25mm左右,但亦可依据使用状况而使厚度形成于0.01mm-0.5mm的范围内。此外,导电覆膜31、正极侧导电覆膜23a、负极侧导电覆膜24a、和下述的交联导电覆膜55也可以同样的方式形成。
继之,就杆状太阳电池单元32的构造进行说明。
如图11、图12所示,杆状太阳电池单元32具有:p型杆状半导体33;平坦面34,将该杆状半导体33表面的一部分进行研磨加工;部分圆筒状pn接合36,藉由在该杆状半导体33的圆周表层部形成n型扩散层35而形成;一对带状正、负电极37、38(第一电极、第二电极),以隔着杆状半导体33的轴心而对向的方式形成,并接合于pn接合36的两端和反射防止膜39,在不含该一对带状正、负电极37、38的部分成膜。该带状正电极37藉由导电糊料31b连接于导电覆膜31上,带状负电极38藉由导电糊料48a连接于导电构件48。
就该太阳电池单元32的制造方法简单地进行说明。
该太阳电池单元是使例如直径1mm-2mm左右的杆状p型硅单晶33与硅融液接触,并利用缓慢向上提拉的周知的CZ法,制作与其为大致相同直径的硅单晶。以该杆状的长度100mm以上的p型硅单晶33作为基材,在其表面的一部分设置带状p型平坦面34。然后,除了该平坦面34和其周缘外,将n型杂质从表面扩散至0.1μm左右的深度而形成n型扩散层35。依此方式,形成部分圆筒状pn接合36。
接着,在包含平坦面34的圆柱面整体,成膜为氧化硅膜(
Figure GSB00000984220300091
)(视所需亦可为氮化硅膜(SiN))而形成反射防止膜39后,继之,在平坦面34的中央部和与杆轴对称的圆柱面的顶部,将含银的糊料印刷成带状,并在气体氛围内加热至800℃左右。银糊料贯通于反射防止膜39而分别设置与p型平坦面34、n型扩散层35的表面低电阻接触的带状正电极37和带状负电极38。继之,藉由化学蚀刻法,以长度5mm的特定间距,设置沟宽度0.2mm、深度0.1mm左右的沟,用纯水洗净后,相对于杆轴垂直地用切割器(dicer)切断,藉此制造杆状太阳电池单元32。
由于该杆状太阳电池单元32是制作与该太阳电池单元32的直径接近的单晶,并以太阳电池单元32的长度切断而作成,故可抑制原材料的损耗。由于受光面成为圆柱面状,故可得到与轴方向对称的受光感度,受光范围亦较平面受光型太阳电池单元广,且在受到限制的投射剖面积中可取得较大的受光面积。此外,也可藉由于杆状n型硅单晶上形成部分筒状的p型扩散层而形成pn接合。
根据该太阳电池单元32,如图12所示般由于具有部分圆筒状pn接合36,故除了平坦面34与电极37、38外,可与太阳光的直射角度无关,而可经常得到固定的受光剖面积并可得到稳定的输出。更且,由于电极37、38是隔着球的中心而设置于p型、n型表面的中央,故将电极37、38至pn接合36上的任意a、b、c点连结的距离的和相等,在a、b、c点吸光并产生的载子(carrier)的移动距离相等,流动电流分布大致均等,曲线因子(Curve Fill Factor)变大。又,由于受光范围为三维,且亦可同时接收直线光以外的反射光、扩散光,故周围的光的利用度高,可得到高输出。
继之,就旁路二极管40进行说明。
如图10所示,旁路二极管40是以使其导电方向相对于第一基板21正交的方式固定于导电覆膜31上端的角部,对14个太阳电池单元32以形成逆并联方式与导电覆膜31和导电构件48连接。该旁路二极管40形成为角柱状,其于n型半导体41上扩散p型杂质并形成p型扩散层42,藉此形成pn接合43,且使负电极45低电阻接触于n型半导体41的表面、正电极46低电阻接触于p型扩散层42的表面而设置。此外,旁路二极管40也可形成为圆柱状。
藉由该旁路二极管40,在逆并联的相同群集30内的14个太阳电池单元32被阴影等遮住光线而导致其功能停止时,即便在该功能停止的群集30内的太阳电池单元32因其它正常产生功能(发电)的群集30内的太阳电池单元32而向反方向施加电压时,藉由该旁路二极管40使电流旁通,即可保护逆并联的太阳电池单元32免于受到破坏或损伤,并可将因群集30的部分遮光所导致的模组20整体的输出减少止于最低限度。
继之,就导电构件48进行说明。
如图7-图10所示,导电构件48是由镀银的铜合金形成为与导电覆膜31对应的六角形的金属线,其藉由导电糊料48a连接有14个太阳电池单元32的负电极38和旁路二极管40的正电极46。在导电构件48的上端部,连接有下述的导电构件延长部51。藉由该导电构件48与导电覆膜31,可使14个太阳电池单元32电性并联,并使旁路二极管40连接于导电覆膜31以及导电构件48,且其相对于太阳电池单元32电性逆并联,而构成一个六角形群集30。
继之,就将多个群集30彼此电性连接的导电构造进行说明。
如图7所示,多个群集30配置成多个行多个列的阵列状,各列的多个群集30中的各个导电覆膜31是图7中与邻接于下方的群集30的导电构件48藉由导电连接构件50串联,各行的多个群集30中的多个导电覆膜31藉由交联导电覆膜55并联。亦即,在多个群集30中,各列的群集30的多个群太阳电池单元32藉由导电连接构件50串联,各行的群集30的多个群太阳电池单元32藉由交联导电覆膜55并联。
导电连接构件50具有:直线状导电覆膜延长部51和导电连接片53。该导电覆膜延长部51是形成为金属制薄板状,其一端部连接于导电构件48,另一端部则藉由导电糊料而连接于导电连接片53。导电连接片53为角柱状金属片,其藉由导电糊料31b连接于列方向上方的群集30的导电覆膜31的突出部31a。各列的最上层的导电连接片53连接于负极侧导电覆膜24a。此外,导电连接片53可为圆柱状金属片。
设有将各行的导电覆膜31予以电性连接的交联导电覆膜55。该交联导电覆膜55是于各群集的突出部31a间形成为直线状,并与导电覆膜31同样由银糊料所形成。此外,交联导电覆膜55未必一定为直线状,亦可为锯齿状或曲线状。各列中最下方的群集30的导电覆膜31藉由正极侧导电覆膜23a连接至正极端子23,最上方的群集30的导电构件48藉由导电连接构件50与负极侧导电覆膜24a连接至负极端子24。
如上所述,由于多个群集30是形成串联/并联,故即使于一部分的群集30的功能停止的情况等,也可使电流以绕过其等功能停止的群集30的方式流通于其它的群集,故其它正常的群集30的发电功能不会停止或降低,可将对该模组20整体的输出减少所造成的影响止于最低限度。
继之,就该模组20的输出进行说明。
此处,就例如组装有配置成3行3列的矩阵状多个群集30的模组的输出进行说明。当一个太阳电池单元32的开路电压(open-circuit voltage)为例如0.6V时,由于在正极端子23与负极端子24之间串联有三个群集,故可产生1.8V的电压。且,若将藉由各行的各群集30的一个太阳电池单元32所产生的电流设为I,由于三个群集30是并联,故会从正极端子23流出42I的电流。
亦即,在组装有三片模组20的太阳电池面板1中,会产生5.4V的电压,从输出端子9b流出42I的电流。此外,欲提高模组20的输出电压时,可藉由增加群集30的串联数来实现,欲提高来自模组20的输出电流时,可藉由增加群集30的并联数来实现。在面板1中也是同样地,欲提高输出电压时,可藉由模组20的串联数来实现,欲提高来自模组20的输出电流时,可藉由增加模组20的并联数来实现。
继之,就该采光型太阳电池模组20的效果进行说明。
根据该模组20,可使多个太阳电池单元32所吸收的光发电,可使透过多个太阳电池单元32间的光对室内采光。作为模组20的发电量与采光量的比例是依存于组装于第一基板21的太阳电池单元32整体的投影面积。亦即,在强烈的日光变柔和的情况,依据太阳电池单元32的配置密度,可增加太阳电池单元32整体的投射面积,并可增加发电量。
根据该模组20,由于可自由地设定配置多个群集30的图案(pattern),故可用多个群集30构成新式样设计性高的各种图样。而且,作为上述导电覆膜31的基底而言,在第一基板21的表面将混合有喜好颜色的颜料的陶瓷糊料进行丝网印刷而烧结,藉由形成陶瓷膜29也可形成从基板21的下面(室内侧)看起来色彩鲜艳的美丽图样。又,藉由陶瓷膜29可使太阳电池单元32或导电覆膜31不易被看见。因此,除了光发电功能外,也可实现作为建材的新式样设计性高的模组。再者,藉由形成陶瓷膜29,提升与导电覆膜31的密接性的同时,可提升玻璃基板21的强度。
根据该模组20,配置成多个行或多个列的矩阵状六角形群集30是呈现几何学的图样,并且可利用作为使太阳光发电与采光协调的窗材,六角形群集30的尺寸及所述群集30的间隔可作成为考虑到新式样设计性、光透过率、发电输出的设计。
根据该模组20,由导电覆膜31、导电连接构件50和交联导电覆膜55所组成的配线,从第一基板21的垂直方向看来具有可使太阳电池单元32隐蔽的程度的宽度,可以使该配线的图案或构图更显着的方式,提升从模组20的背侧观看的新式样设计性,并且可使自表面入射的光反射以增加太阳电池单元32的受光量而提高输出。
根据该模组20,若将多个太阳电池单元32与多个导电覆膜31的尺寸,与习知的平板型太阳电池单元或薄膜太阳电池单元作比较,由于可分散配置成较小且较细,故其本身不会对大视野造成妨碍,可利用作为可看到均一的采旋光性与没有不谐调感的内外景观的透光(see through)型太阳电池模组。
根据该模组20,在透光性基板21、22之间埋设有多个太阳电池单元32,藉由将该模组20作为窗材使用,与使用独立的太阳电池面板来发电的情形相比较,可减少玻璃等构件的费用或设置相关的各种费用。再者,由于是在第一基板21上形成多个杆状太阳电池单元32或多个导电覆膜31的构件,并在其上积载第二基板22,故不需在第二基板22形成构件,可使组装变容易。
实施例2
本实施例2是表示变更上述实施例1的多个群集30中的多个杆状太阳电池单元的配置图案的采光型太阳电池模组20A的例子,并仅就与上述实施例1不同的组成进行说明。
如图13-图15所示,该群集30A是于横向形成为一直线状,其由:形成于第一基板21内面的导电覆膜31A;多个杆状太阳电池单元32A;旁路二极管40A;导电连接构件50A的导电连接片53A;以及将所述太阳电池单元32A、旁路二极管40A和导电连接片53A予以电性连接的导电构件48A所构成。
导电覆膜31A为一直线状,其备有:具有较太阳电池单元32的直径来得大的尺寸宽度的线状导电覆膜66,以及与线状导电覆膜66形成于同一线上且被电性分隔的四角形导电覆膜65。该四角形导电覆膜65除了最上层与最下层的四角形导电覆膜65外,是与导电覆膜延长部51A的端部一体地形成。导电覆膜31A是于纵向隔着特定间隔于第一基板21上平行地形成有多条。此外,第二基板22A内面侧的周边部22a藉由喷砂加工而形成为粗面的毛玻璃状,而成为从模组20A的表面难以看到正极端子23及负极端子24、旁路二极管40A或导电连接片53A的状态。
在线状导电覆膜66上靠中心处,各群集30A的多个太阳电池单元32A是呈等间隔地配置,并连接有该太阳电池单元32A的正电极37。在线状导电覆膜66上靠外侧处,配置有旁路二极管40A,并连接有该旁路二极管40A的负电极45。在四角形导电覆膜65配置连接有导电连接片53A。导电构件48A形成为一直线状,且在该导电构件48A上,使太阳电池单元32A的负电极38、旁路二极管40A的正电极46和导电连接片53电性连接。
继之,就将多个群集30A彼此电性连接的导电构造进行说明。
该多个群集30A藉由具有导电构件延长部51A和导电连接片53A的导电连接构件50A由上方朝下方串联。最上层的群集30A的四角形导电覆膜65藉由导电覆膜延长部51b连接至负极端子24,最下层的群集30A的线状导电覆膜66藉由导电覆膜延长部51a连接至正极端子23。
其次,就该模组20A的效果进行说明。
该模组20A以可使光透过的方式将粘着有太阳电池单元32A的一直线状导电覆膜31A隔着间隔形成,且藉由不含该导电覆膜部分31A的透过部分的面积,可决定作为窗材的采光率。从表面或背面藉由导电覆膜31A和导电构件48A可看到具有新式样设计性的图案,且可作为将含太阳光的外来光有效率地吸收并发电的太阳电池面板1来利用。此外,由于其它的效果与上述实施例1相同,故省略说明。
实施例3
本实施例3作为取代上述实施例1-2的杆状太阳电池单元32、32A而言,亦可采用本实施例的太阳电池单元32B。又,此时,可将上述旁路二极管与太阳电池单元32作替换。如图16-图18所示,该太阳电池单元32B具有:杆状p型硅单晶71;形成于该硅单晶71一端部的平坦面72;不含该平坦面72而形成于硅单晶71表面部的n+扩散层73;隔着硅单晶71的中心而对向的带状正电极75、带状负电极76;硅单晶71的外面部而与正电极75相邻的方式所形成的p+扩散层77及覆盖太阳电池单元32B表面中的正电极75及负电极76以外的部分的反射防止膜78。
在硅单晶71的表面部,形成有作为可产生光电动势(photoelectromotive force)的pn接合功能的pn+74接合,该pn+74接合的形成部分除了平坦面72外,是从硅单晶71的表面起至固定深度的位置实质地形成为圆筒状。在pn+74接合的两端连接有带状的一对电极75、76。在正电极75的附近部中较带状正电极75靠硅单晶侧71部分,具有因穿隧效应所产生的反向二极体特性的p+n+接合79是形成为两条直线状。亦即,该太阳电池32B的等效电路是如图18所示。
根据该模组,即使在并联的多个行中的1行群集的一部分或全部的太阳电池单元32B被阴影遮住,而施加逆电压于太阳电池单元32B时,亦可使旁通电流流通于该行的太阳电池单元32B的p+n+接合79(参照图18)。因此,在藉由网眼状串并联电路将多个群集电性连接而成的模组中,无论产生哪种图案的影子,均可在无耗损的情况下产出发电电力,亦不会对各太阳电池单元产生不良影响。另外,由于不需要旁路二极管,故亦可增加太阳电池单元数,而可提高模组的输出。
继之,就部分变更上述实施例的各种变更型态进行说明。
(1)由于该模组的输出电力与采光率(或遮光率)的比例,是依存于主要使用的多个太阳电池单元的输出电力及其使用数,以及由设置于透光性第一基板上的多个导电覆膜所产生的遮光总面积,故可提高作为窗材的新式样设计性并可提升附加价值,所以多个太阳电池单元的配置或使用数可对应于第一基板上的导电覆膜的图样或构图而进行各种设计。
(2)该模组除了适用于该采光型太阳电池面板外,亦可适用于包含可期盼利用的窗材的建材,例如:玻璃窗、中庭(atrium)、采光用天窗(top light)、帷幕墙(curtain wall)、建筑外观(facade)、天棚(canopy)、百叶窗(louver)、夹层(double skin)的外面、阳台的栏杆、高速公路或铁路的隔音板等。
产业上利用的可能性
在采光型太阳电池模组中,藉由配置含有多个杆状太阳电池单元的群集,将各群集构成为六角形或一直线状,并配置多个群集,可使采光率与发电能力的比例选择性的容许幅度提升,并可提高作为窗材的新式样设计性。

Claims (9)

1.一种采光型太阳电池模组,是藉由多个杆状太阳电池单元来发电的采光型太阳电池模组,该多个杆状太阳电池单元分别具有:p型或n型的杆状半导体;形成于该杆状半导体的表层部的部分圆筒状pn接合和以隔着杆状半导体的轴心而对向的方式形成、并接合于上述pn接合的两端的一对带状第一电极、第二电极,其特征在于,具备:
透光性第一基板;
多个杆状太阳电池单元,使导电方向与该第一基板正交的方向一致,且以分别形成与配置成多个行多个列的矩阵状的多个群集相同的配置图案的方式而群组化;
多个导电覆膜,与多个群集对应而形成于该第一基板的内面,且使各多个群集的多个太阳电池单元的第一电极电性并联;
多个导电构件,使所述各多个群集的多个太阳电池单元的第二电极电性并联;
多个旁路二极管,为对应于所述多个群集的多个旁路二极管,且藉由所述导电覆膜及导电构件与各群集中多个太阳电池单元并联;
多个导电连接构件,将所述各多个群集的导电覆膜与邻接于特定方向的群集的导电构件电性连接;
透光性第二基板,相对于该第一基板隔着多个太阳电池单元平行地配置,且与所述多个导电构件隔着间隔而配置;以及
透光性合成树脂塑模材料,充填于该第一基板、第二基板之间,并密封成埋设有多个太阳电池单元、多个导电构件和多个导电连接构件的状态,
其中,采光未受到所述导电覆膜所遮断的采光区域占整体面积的比例为50%以上。
2.如权利要求1所述的采光型太阳电池模组,其特征在于,在该第一基板的一端部设有所述采光型太阳电池模组的正极端子,在该第一基板的另一端部设有所述采光型太阳电池模组的负极端子。
3.如权利要求1所述的采光型太阳电池模组,其特征在于,所述太阳电池单元具有使逆电流旁通的旁通功能。
4.如权利要求1所述的采光型太阳电池模组,其特征在于,所述各群集中的多个太阳电池单元是配置于六角形的六个边上,且多个群集配置成多个行多个列的矩阵状。
5.如权利要求4所述的采光型太阳电池模组,其特征在于,所述各行或各列的群集的多个太阳电池单元是藉由所述导电连接构件串联,并设有将所述多个列或多个行的各群集中的多个导电覆膜予以电性连接的交联导电覆膜。
6.如权利要求5所述的采光型太阳电池模组,其特征在于,所述导电连接构件具有:与所述导电构件的一端部相连的导电构件延长部和连接至该导电构件延长部的端部的导电连接片。
7.如权利要求1至3中任意一项所述的采光型太阳电池模组,其特征在于,各群集的多个太阳电池单元是配置成一直线状。
8.如权利要求1所述的采光型太阳电池模组,其特征在于,该第一基板、第二基板是由透明的玻璃板所构成。
9.如权利要求1所述的采光型太阳电池模组,其特征在于,于所述多个导电覆膜的基底形成有着色及图案化的图样的陶瓷膜。
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JP2007073898A (ja) * 2005-09-09 2007-03-22 Sharp Corp バイパス機能付き太陽電池およびその製造方法

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