CN102110884B - Active phased array antenna adopting passive loading way to control sidelobe level - Google Patents
Active phased array antenna adopting passive loading way to control sidelobe level Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an active phased array antenna adopting the passive loading way to control sidelobe level, which is characterized in that the array surface of the active phased array antenna is jointly constituted by active loading units and passive loading units, and the passive loading units are positioned on the periphery of the active loading units; each active loading unit channel is controlled by an independent vector modulator and a low-noise amplifier, and each vector modulator simultaneously controls the amplitude and the phase of a feed source, thereby further changing the amplitude and the phase of surface current of the antenna units, and finally controlling the scanning angel of a wave beam and inhibiting the sidelobe level of the wave beam, wherein the active phased array transmitting antenna comprises 64 radiating units, the excitation way through a coaxial connector is adopted, the scanning of the spatial wave beam is realized by changing the phase distribution of the antenna on the pore diameter, and the required wave beam shape is obtained by changing the amplitude of the surface current on each radiation unit. The mutual coupling among array elements is utilized, thereby reducing the sidelobe level of the antenna in the pitching direction by 5dB in comparison with square fully array caliber feed on the basis of reducing the cost of the feed source.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of active phase array antenna, the present invention relates to a kind of amplitude that adopts the mode of passive loading and control signal in a plurality of active transmitter units or rather and obtain different beam shapes and the wave beam of the different angles of pitch with relative phase.
Background technology
Along with reaching its maturity of microwave/millimeter wave solid-state circuit, computer and Digital Signal Processing number of degrees, " bottleneck " factor of restriction phased array antenna development just progressively is overcome.Phased array antenna can make satellite or Ground Communication System have the ability of quick change controlling antenna wave beam to point and wave beam covering shape, is to develop a very fast key technology in the communication satellite payload in recent years.No matter be stationary orbit large-scale communication satellite or in, the moonlet of low orbit, directly the feed array of the phased array antenna of radiation or reflector antenna adopts the phase array unit can greatly improve the flexibility that the satellite antenna wave beam covers.
Along with the particularly development of monolithic integrated microwave circuit (MMIC) of solid state microwave device, the active phase array antenna development that is made of solid-state emission/accept assembly rapidly.The notable feature of active phase array antenna is that array has comprised a large amount of active devices, and namely each radiating element (or submatrix) of phased array antenna all has the T/R assembly to realize in the high power generation of transmitting terminal and the low noise amplification of receiving terminal.
The integrated array structure of phased array antenna has two kinds: based on the vertical integrated horizontal assembling of fragment of brick formula line submatrix; Based on the laterally integrated vertical assembling of tile type face battle array.Usually the fragment of brick formula is used for higher frequency band, and tile type is used for than low-frequency range.Generally for the radar system of pulsed operation, array element number is many and spacing is little, and power consumption is big, and the design of fragment of brick formula is relatively easy, and shortcoming is that longitudinal size is big.The integrated exemplary of fragment of brick formula battle array is AN/APG-77 active phased array airborne radar, the low-cost phase array target seeker of the 35GHz of Raytheon Co.'s exploitation, Muscovite global space surveillance radar etc.Tile type structure such as German IMST are the Ka wave band 8*8LTCC module of smart antenna terminal development, totally 16 layers, and not only integrated frequency mixer, filter and power amplifier, also integrated liquid-cooling system.
The main feature of phased array radar is the flexible performance of quick scanner uni of antenna beam.For large-scale active phase array antenna, the cost of front is very expensive, is the expensive major part of radar.In order to reduce the cost of radar, be necessary to reduce the active array element number of front as far as possible.In view of jamproof needs, radar often requires antenna to have lower secondary lobe.Can realize lower secondary lobe with less active array element for the amplitude weighting that large-scale array adopts the Density Weighted of array element to simulate full battle array.Thereby be guided out design of the present invention.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of active phase array antenna of taking passive load mode control minor level.The radiating element form of composition array antenna of the present invention can be arbitrarily, and several multi-form radiating elements can be arranged in same array antenna, and the relative position between each radiating element and the amplitude of exciting current and phase place also can be arbitrarily.But for the ease of debugging, actual array antenna mostly uses the radiating element of same type, and amplitude and the phase place of its mutual alignment, exciting current all have certain rules.Therefore, determine the factor of the radiance of array antenna to comprise the amplitude of arrangement, radiating element exciting current of position, the spacing between the array element, the array element of number, the radiating element of radiating element and phase place etc.Simultaneously, the amplitude of employing control antenna cell surface electric current is come the shape of control antenna array beam, can reach on the engineering requirements such as secondary lobe, half-power beam width, gain, ripple fall into.Owing to be subjected to the restriction of the maximum amplitude modulation range of antenna, make the secondary lobe adjustment of antenna can't reach the requirement of engineering, thereby can have influence on the optimum performance of whole system.
Inhibition for array antenna radiation secondary lobe is to realize by the amplitude weighting of antenna surface electric current, prior art is to adopt microstrip feed network to control the current amplitude of each radiating element of feed-in, also can finely tune the signal amplitude of feed antenna by vector modulator, realize the comprehensive of antenna amplitude.But this dual mode realizes that at millimeter wave frequency band the Taylor of antenna surface electric current distributes or all there is limitation in Chebyshev's distribution.
The present invention proposes a kind of active phase array antenna that adopts passive load mode to come the control antenna minor level, not only can obviously reach the purpose that reduces secondary lobe, and reduce cost greatly.
The invention is characterized in the active phase array antenna that adopts passive load mode control minor level, the front of described active phase array antenna is made of jointly active loading unit and passive loading unit; Passive loading unit be positioned at active loading unit around; Each active loading unit passage is by independently vector modulator and low noise amplifier control, each vector modulator is controlled amplitude and the phase place of feed simultaneously, and then amplitude and the phase place of change antenna element surface current, with the minor level of control wave beam scanning angle and inhibition wave beam; Passive loading unit is realized radiation again by active loading unit coupling part energy, makes the CURRENT DISTRIBUTION of whole array distribute near amplitude weighting, reaches the requirement that reduces secondary lobe.
Described phased array antenna, each antenna element all are the accurate Square Microstrip Antenna of linear polarization; Described accurate Square Microstrip Antenna unit interval is half free space wavelength;
Each antenna is connected with the passage of back by coaxial connector separately, constitutes the phased array antenna feed structure;
Described phased array antenna feed structure is characterised in that each passage has independently vector modulator and low noise amplifier control;
The amplitude of active loading unit and phase place are adjustable in the described phased array antenna array, but wherein the adjustable extent of amplitude is limited;
Described phased array antenna structure to the passive loading of antenna element around the array edges, by centre feed unit coupling part energy, produces radiation again;
Described phased array antenna, the current amplitude that can be produced by place, described radiating element center is greater than the current amplitude of described radiating element at described array surrounding edge;
Described phased array antenna structure, the passive loading unit of its power splitter output termination is by connecting matched load falls to guarantee whole 8 road energy with the energy absorption on this road balance.
Described phased array antenna is connected by the active circuit of coaxial connector with the back, as Fig. 1,8 1*8 power splitter parallelly feedings, single 1*8 unit also is by power splitter and feedback, make each antenna element have identical initial phase, each radiating element passage can be automatically controlled separately, thereby realize fast and the possibility of switching-beam accurately.The merit parallel circuit that wherein connects passive loading section will not use phase shifter and low noise amplifier, and terminal connects the energy that matched load absorbs this passage, reaches the coupling of entire circuit.
This active phased array adopts rectangular grid, and according to the requirement of scanning angle, array element distance adopts half wavelength.Phased array antenna is owing to mutual coupling effect, and the active input impedance of array element is different from freely has distribution and generic array by oneself, and changes with scan angle.Mutual coupling is more strong, and the width of cloth distributes mutually on the array aperture, and to depart from predetermined distribution more strong.This will cause antenna and feeding network mismatch, and aperture efficiency reduces, and antenna pattern depression occurs in some direction, and scanning beam may present blind spot, and the plan characteristic of array radiation field also will worsen.Yet, effectively utilize the mutual coupling between array element can reduce cost effectively and realize that phased array antenna is hanged down secondary lobe, ULTRA-LOW SIDE LOBES scans.
Passive loading unit such as Fig. 3 around the front have the radiating element coupling one part of current of excitation by centre, produce radiation, remedy vector modulator to the limited adjustment of amplitude, make the amplitude distribution of whole front more close to the amplitude weighting distribution of hanging down secondary lobe.Whole feeding network be accurate hexagon near the rotational circle symmetrical structure, realized having uniform minor level in an azimuth plane 0-360 ° scope.This feeding classification is compared the radiance with lower secondary lobe with array (as Fig. 4) and accurate 8 limit shape bores loadings (as Fig. 5) that square full battle array loads.
In sum, common active phased array transmitting antenna comprises 64 radiating elements, adopts the mode of coaxial connector excitation, and each radiating element is by independently phase place and amplitude control.Come the implementation space beam scanning by the PHASE DISTRIBUTION that changes on the antenna aperature, the amplitude that changes each radiating element upper surface electric current obtains the wave beam of needed beam shape and the different angles of pitch.The mode of the passive loading of employing provided by the invention, the active phase array antenna of control minor level, make the square bore of active antenna become the octagon bore with round symmetrical structure, effectively utilized the mutual coupling between array element, on the basis that has reduced the feed cost, make the minor level of antenna pitch orientation reduce 5dB than square full battle array bore feed.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the active phase array antenna installation diagram;
Fig. 2 is the active phase array antenna form;
Fig. 3 is the active phase array antenna feed form with passive loading unit;
Fig. 4 is the active modulator network structure;
Fig. 5 is the active phased array array of square full battle array feed bore;
The be as the criterion active phased array form of the full battle array of 8 limit shapes feed bore of Fig. 6.
Among the figure, 1 little band feed, 2 coaxial connectors, 3 antenna substrates, 4 accurate square antenna elements.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the description of the drawings, further set forth substantive distinguishing features of the present invention and obvious improvement, but the present invention only is confined to embodiment by no means.
As shown in Figure 1, whole active phase array antenna is made up of 64 antenna elements, and antenna element forms two-dimensional matrix according to 8*8 and arranges.In order to satisfy the maximum requirement at antenna beam scanning angle under no graing lobe situation, the spacing of each radiating element is 0.5 free space wavelength.Feeding network is made up of 8 1*8 power splitters, and adopting 8 road power splitters is for the ease of making each radiating element have identical initial amplitude and phase place.
Figure 2 shows that the active phase array antenna that 64 radiating elements encourage simultaneously.The shortcoming of this antenna is to have higher secondary lobe.Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 represent the active phased array form of square bore and the excitation of accurate octagon bore respectively, and all than the secondary lobe height of the active phased array that adopts passive loading, interference free performance is poor for the radiance of this dual mode.
Fig. 3 is the active phase array antenna of the passive load mode control of employing provided by the invention minor level, and the black radiating element is active loading section.The ambient radiation unit is passive loading unit, is to produce secondary radiation by active loading unit coupling part energy.Cooperate vector modulator to adjust the amplitude of each radiating element signal of feed-in, the easier characteristic that reaches the low secondary lobe of whole front radiation, thus overcome the limitation that vector modulator is adjusted signal amplitude.
Fig. 4 is the network configuration of active modulator, after signal enters the millimeter wave module, at first is dispensed to 8 submodules through one minute eight power splitter, carries out one fen eight power division again in each submodule inside, obtains 64 road signal feeds.All there are current amplitude and the phase place of the control of phase shifter independently feed in each inside, road, and adopts amplifier to obtain enough transmitting power feed antenna unit to be sent out.
One of as a comparison case, the front for the loading of square full battle array feed as described in Figure 5, the advantage of this feeding classification is to have symmetrical structure up and down, the structure of being convenient to active feeding network is distributed, directly adopt T shape power splitter feed, do not need to consider the balance of whole feeding network.But the bore of the phased array antenna of this feeding network does not have the rotational circle symmetrical structure, in the time of array element constant amplitude feed, scanning beam at the azimuth+-45 ° and+higher secondary lobe appears in-135 ° of positions, therefore interference signal can appear, to the very big influence of radiance generation of whole phased array antenna.
A front that loads for the full battle array of accurate 8 limit shapes feed as shown in Figure 6 one of as a comparison case, the advantage of this feeding classification is that the feed bore approaches the circle symmetrical structure, be convenient to produce uniform secondary lobe in whole azimuthal plane, but the amplitude that minor level reduces is limited.
Claims (9)
1. adopt the active phase array antenna of passive load mode control minor level, it is characterized in that the front of described active phase array antenna is made of jointly active loading unit and passive loading unit, passive loading unit be positioned at active loading unit around; Each active loading unit passage is by independently vector modulator and low noise amplifier control, each vector modulator is controlled amplitude and the phase place of feed simultaneously, and then amplitude and the phase place of change antenna element surface current, with the minor level of control wave beam scanning angle and inhibition wave beam.
2. phased array antenna according to claim 1 is characterized in that each antenna element all is the accurate Square Microstrip Antenna of linear polarization, and described accurate Square Microstrip Antenna unit interval is half free space wavelength.
3. phased array antenna according to claim 1 is characterized in that passive loading unit leans on middle active loading unit coupling part energy to realize radiation again, makes that the CURRENT DISTRIBUTION of whole array is that amplitude weighting distributes, and reaches the requirement that reduces secondary lobe.
4. phased array antenna according to claim 1, amplitude and the phase place of its active loading unit are adjustable.
5. phased array antenna according to claim 1 is characterized in that described active loading unit comprises 64 radiating elements, adopts coaxial connector to connect with the back active circuit, and each radiating element is by power splitter and feedback.
6. phased array antenna according to claim 1 is characterized in that the passive loading unit of power splitter output termination by connecting load matched with the energy absorption on this road, guarantees the balance of whole energy.
7. phased array antenna according to claim 1 is characterized in that the amplitude of controlling signal in a plurality of active loading units obtains different beam shapes and the wave beam of the different angles of pitch with corresponding phase place.
8. phased array antenna according to claim 1 is characterized in that adopting after the passive load mode, makes the square bore of active antenna become the octagon bore with round symmetrical structure.
9. according to each described antenna among the claim 1-8, it is characterized in that the minor level of antenna pitch orientation reduces 5dB than square full battle array bore feed.
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