CN113764871A - Low-profile dual-band dual-polarization common-caliber conformal phased array antenna - Google Patents
Low-profile dual-band dual-polarization common-caliber conformal phased array antenna Download PDFInfo
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- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 54
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- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
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- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 19
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
- H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
- H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/28—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the amplitude
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
- H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
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Abstract
The invention discloses a low-profile dual-band dual-polarization common-aperture conformal phased-array antenna which is formed by arranging a horizontal polarization f1 waveband antenna unit and a vertical polarization f2 waveband antenna unit according to a rectangular grid, realizes common aperture, and realizes beam scanning through the amplitude phase of a single feed control unit. After the two antennas are installed, the two antennas are perpendicular to the carrier, the conformal installation effect is achieved, and the aerodynamic performance of the operation platform is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a low-profile dual-band dual-polarization common-caliber conformal phased-array antenna.
Background
Due to the continuous development of communications and military, various communications and weaponry systems have increasingly high requirements for small, light, high reliability, multi-band, multi-polarization, and conformability of electronic components. The antenna has a heavy duty ratio in radar communication, so that designing a low-profile, multi-band, multi-polarization and conformal antenna has strong practical application.
For wireless communication technology, in order to expand the capacity of the system and solve the problems of multipath fading, etc., the antenna in the wireless communication system needs to be developed towards multi-polarization and multi-band. The dual-polarized antenna also belongs to a multi-polarized antenna, can transmit or receive two orthogonally polarized electromagnetic wave signals, and can relieve the problem of multipath attenuation in a communication system. The dual-band antenna also meets the requirement of intelligent development of the wireless terminal equipment at present more and more. In addition, many radar systems not only put high demands on antenna profiles, but also have increasingly high demands on the conformal capability of the antenna and the carrier in order to improve the aerodynamic performance of the operation platform.
The invention discloses a composite polarization sensitive array device based on a conformal Vivaldi antenna, which is provided with a dielectric radome, wherein a connecting ring is arranged at the bottom end of the radome, a flexible dielectric substrate is arranged in the radome, and the composite polarization sensitive array device is further provided with a dual-polarized radiator, a passive antenna and an active antenna. Although the invention can realize the conformality to a certain extent, the invention does not meet the aim of coexistence of dual-band, dual-polarization, common caliber and low profile at the same time.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is how to solve the problems of large and heavy antenna, single frequency band and single polarization in the conventional radar and communication system.
The invention solves the technical problems through the following technical means:
a low profile dual band dual polarized common aperture conformal phased array antenna comprises f1Band horizontal polarization antenna unit (1), f2The antenna comprises a wave band vertical polarization antenna unit (2), a TNC connector (3), an SMA connector (4), a metal column (6) and a grounding metal plate (7); the metal columns (6) are vertically arrayed and fixed on the metal plate (7) and electrically connected with the metal plate (7), and f1Band horizontal polarization antenna unit (1), f2The wave band vertical polarization antenna units (2) are fixed on the metal column (6) at intervals in a cross shape and are electrically connected with the metal column; f is1Band horizontal polarization antenna unit (1), f2Two sides of the wave band vertical polarization antenna unit (2) are respectively fixed with two adjacent metal columns (6); f is1The wave band horizontal polarization antenna unit (1) is electrically connected with the metal plate (7) through the TNC connector (3), f2The wave band vertical polarization antenna unit (2) is electrically connected with the metal plate (7) through the SMA connector (4).
The low-profile dual-band dual-polarization common-aperture conformal phased-array antenna disclosed by the invention is formed by arranging a horizontal polarization f1 waveband antenna unit and a vertical polarization f2 waveband antenna unit according to a rectangular grid, realizes common aperture, and realizes beam scanning through the amplitude phase of a single feed control unit. After the two antennas are installed, the two antennas are perpendicular to the carrier, the conformal installation effect is achieved, and the aerodynamic performance of the operation platform is improved.
Furthermore, the metal column (6) is provided with 4 metal columns along the height direction for clamping and fixing f1Band horizontal polarization antenna unit (1), f2A limit groove of the wave band vertical polarization antenna unit (2); the 4 limiting grooves are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the metal column (6).
Furthermore, the metal plate (7) comprises a plurality of small-size metal plates, and the small-size metal plates are combined into the metal plate (7) which is consistent with the curved surface of the carrier.
Furthermore, the device also comprises an L-shaped metal corner piece; one side of the corner fitting and f1Band horizontal polarization antenna unit (1) or f2The wave band vertical polarization antenna unit (2) is electrically welded, and the other side of the wave band vertical polarization antenna unit is electrically connected and fixed with the metal plate (7).
Furthermore, one side of the corner piece is fixed with the metal plate (7) through a screw.
Further, f is1Band horizontal polarization antenna unit (1) or f2The wave band vertical polarization antenna units (2) are all Vivaldi antennas with microstrip sheet structures.
Furthermore, the cross-sectional heights of the f1 waveband antenna element and the vertically polarized f2 waveband antenna element are both 0.08 lambda0Wherein λ is0Is the free space wavelength corresponding to the lowest frequency point in the two frequency bands.
Further, the respective distances of the azimuth and the elevation of the f1 band antenna unit and the vertically polarized f2 band antenna unit are as follows: lx ═ 0.06 λ0,Ly=0.08λ0。
Further, the f1 band antenna element and the vertical poleThe two-direction distance of the f2 waveband antenna unit corresponds to the half wavelength of the high-frequency band of 0.5 lambda1Wherein λ is1The wavelength is the free space wavelength corresponding to the highest frequency point in the two frequency bands.
The invention has the advantages that:
the low-profile dual-band dual-polarization common-aperture conformal phased-array antenna disclosed by the invention is formed by arranging a horizontal polarization f1 waveband antenna unit and a vertical polarization f2 waveband antenna unit according to a rectangular grid, realizes common aperture, and realizes beam scanning through the amplitude phase of a single feed control unit. After the two antennas are installed, the two antennas are perpendicular to the carrier, the conformal installation effect is achieved, and the aerodynamic performance of the operation platform is improved.
The section heights of the horizontal polarization f1 waveband antenna unit and the vertical polarization f2 waveband antenna unit are both h-0.08 lambda0The azimuth and pitch of the radiation microstrip plate are respectively the following distances: lx ═ 0.06 λ0,Ly=0.08λ0. Wherein λ0The free space wavelength corresponding to the lowest frequency point in the two frequency bands meets the low profile design for the corresponding frequency band.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an antenna array in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion of an antenna array in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a side view of an antenna array in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a top view of an antenna array in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 shows an active standing wave curve for an input port of a horizontally polarized f1 band antenna element in an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 shows an active standing wave curve for an input port of a vertically polarized f2 band antenna element in an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 shows a test transmission azimuth plane normal pattern of a horizontally polarized f1 band antenna in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 shows a test transmission azimuth plane normal pattern for a vertically polarized f2 band antenna in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 shows a test emission azimuth plane scanning pattern of a horizontally polarized f1 band antenna in an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 shows a test emission azimuth plane scan pattern for a vertically polarized f2 band antenna in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 shows a test receiving azimuth plane normal pattern for a horizontally polarized f1 band antenna in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a normal directional diagram of a test receiving azimuth plane of a vertically polarized f2 band antenna in an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 13 is a test receiving azimuth plane scan pattern of a horizontally polarized f1 band antenna in an antenna of an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 14 shows a test receiving azimuth plane scanning pattern of a vertically polarized f2 band antenna in an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the low-profile dual-band dual-polarization common-caliber conformal phased-array antenna disclosed in this embodiment is formed by arranging low-profile dual-band orthogonal-polarization Vivaldi antennas in a rectangular grid, wherein the antenna elements are installed in a manner consistent with the normal direction of the curved platform, and achieve the conformal property.
As shown in fig. 2, the low-profile dual-band dual-polarized antenna array comprises: f. of1Wave band horizontal polarization antenna unit 1, f2The antenna comprises a wave band vertical polarization antenna unit 2, a TNC connector 3, an SMA connector 4, an L-shaped metal corner fitting 5, a metal supporting cylinder 6 and a curved surface grounding metal plate 7, wherein the two antenna units are Vivaldi antennas with traditional microstrip sheet structures. The TNC connector 3 and the SMA connector 4 are fixed on the metal plate through screws. The inner conductor of the connector is connected with the feeding position of the antenna unit, and the metal supporting cylinder 6 is provided with 4 grooves from the sideThe antenna unit vertical to the curved surface reflecting plate is clamped at the edge, the Vivaldi antenna is electrically connected with the metal supporting cylinder 6, the metal supporting cylinder 6 is fixed on the metal plate 7 through a screw, and meanwhile, the metal supporting cylinder 6 also plays a role in grounding. The L-shaped metal corner fitting 5 is a fixing piece and is arranged between the antenna unit and the metal plate 7, the L-shaped metal corner fitting 5 is welded with the antenna, and the Vivaldi antenna is fixed by the L-shaped metal corner fitting 5 and the metal supporting column 6 together to prevent looseness. In addition, the L-shaped metal corner piece 5 is fixed on the metal plate 7 through screws, so that the antenna can be ensured to be electrically connected with the metal plate 7.
In this embodiment, the low-profile dual-band dual-polarized antenna elements are arranged according to a rectangular grid, and the profile heights of the horizontally polarized f 1-band antenna element and the vertically polarized f 2-band antenna element are both h ═ 0.08 λ0The directions and the pitching distances of the radiation microstrip plate are respectively as follows: lx ═ 0.06 λ0,Ly=0.08λ0As shown in fig. 3 and 4. Wherein λ0Is the free space wavelength corresponding to the lowest frequency point in the two frequency bands. In order to prevent the antenna directional diagram from generating grating lobes, the distance between the two directions corresponds to the half wavelength of the high frequency band of 0.5 lambda1Left and right, lambda1The wavelength is the free space wavelength corresponding to the highest frequency point in the two frequency bands.
In this embodiment, the conformal configuration can be realized by processing a plane similar to the bottom surface of the antenna on the carrier, and approximating the curved surface of the carrier with multiple planes; the metal plate can also be divided into a plurality of small plates which are combined to be conformal with the curved surface of the carrier. The antenna may vary with different shaped carriers.
Fig. 5 to 14 are graphs and directional diagrams of standing waves generated in practical application of the antenna in the present embodiment:
fig. 5 shows the magnitude of the active standing wave at the input port of the horizontally polarized f1 band antenna element in the f 1L-f 1H band. The curve represents the impedance match of the feed and antenna and an active standing wave of less than 3 indicates that most of the energy transmitted by the feed is effectively transferred to the antenna.
Fig. 6 shows the magnitude of the active standing wave in the f 2L-f 2H band at the input port of the vertically polarized f2 band antenna element. The curve represents the impedance match of the feed and antenna and an active standing wave of less than 3 indicates that most of the energy transmitted by the feed is effectively transferred to the antenna.
Fig. 7 shows a curve of relative field strength of an antenna normal emission radiation field obtained by the horizontal polarization f1 waveband antenna during test emission along with the angle change of the azimuth plane direction. The curve represents the radiation intensity of the antenna at each angle in space, and the antenna performance such as the main lobe width, the side lobe level and the like of the antenna can be seen through a directional diagram.
Fig. 8 shows the curve of the relative field strength of the normal radiation field of the antenna with the angle of the azimuth plane direction when the vertical polarization f2 wave band antenna is transmitted in the test. The curve represents the radiation intensity of the antenna at each angle in space, and the antenna performance such as the main lobe width, the side lobe level and the like of the antenna can be seen through a directional diagram.
Fig. 9 shows the curve of the relative field intensity of the antenna scanning radiation field with the azimuth angle of the azimuth plane when the horizontal polarization f1 wave band antenna is transmitted in the test. The curve represents the radiation intensity of the antenna at each angle in space, and the antenna performance such as the main lobe width, the side lobe level and the like of the antenna can be seen through a directional diagram.
Fig. 10 shows the curve of the relative field intensity of the antenna scanning radiation field with the angle change of the azimuth plane direction when the vertical polarization f2 wave band antenna is transmitted in the test. The curve represents the radiation intensity of the antenna at each angle in space, and the antenna performance such as the main lobe width, the side lobe level and the like of the antenna can be seen through a directional diagram.
Fig. 11 shows the curve of the relative field strength of the normal radiation field of the antenna with respect to the angle of the azimuth plane direction when the horizontally polarized f1 band antenna is received in the test. The curve represents the radiation intensity of the antenna at each angle in space, and the antenna performance such as the main lobe width, the side lobe level and the like of the antenna can be seen through a directional diagram.
Fig. 12 shows the curve of the relative field strength of the normal radiation field of the antenna along with the angle change of the azimuth plane direction when the vertical polarization f2 waveband antenna is received in a test. The curve represents the radiation intensity of the antenna at each angle in space, and the antenna performance such as the main lobe width, the side lobe level and the like of the antenna can be seen through a directional diagram.
Fig. 13 shows the curve of the relative field intensity of the antenna scanning radiation field with the change of the azimuth direction angle when the horizontal polarization f1 wave band antenna is received in the test. The curve represents the radiation intensity of the antenna at each angle in space, and the antenna performance such as the main lobe width, the side lobe level and the like of the antenna can be seen through a directional diagram.
Fig. 14 shows the curve of the relative field intensity of the antenna scanning radiation field with the angle change of the azimuth plane direction when the vertical polarization f2 wave band antenna is received in the test. The curve represents the radiation intensity of the antenna at each angle in space, and the antenna performance such as the main lobe width, the side lobe level and the like of the antenna can be seen through a directional diagram.
The low-profile dual-band dual-polarization common-aperture conformal phased-array antenna disclosed by the embodiment is formed by arranging horizontally polarized f1 waveband antenna units and vertically polarized f2 waveband antenna units according to a rectangular grid, common aperture is realized, and beam scanning is realized through the amplitude phase of a single feed control unit. After the two antennas are installed, the two antennas are perpendicular to the carrier, the conformal installation effect is achieved, and the aerodynamic performance of the operation platform is improved. The section heights of the horizontal polarization f1 waveband antenna unit and the vertical polarization f2 waveband antenna unit are both h-0.08 lambda0The azimuth and pitch of the radiation microstrip plate are respectively the following distances: lx ═ 0.06 λ0,Ly=0.08λ0. Wherein λ0The free space wavelength corresponding to the lowest frequency point in the two frequency bands meets the low profile design for the corresponding frequency band.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The low-profile dual-band dual-polarization common-caliber conformal phased array antenna is characterized by comprising f1Wave bandHorizontal polarization antenna unit (1), f2The antenna comprises a wave band vertical polarization antenna unit (2), a TNC connector (3), an SMA connector (4), a metal column (6) and a grounding metal plate (7); the metal columns (6) are vertically arrayed and fixed on the metal plate (7) and electrically connected with the metal plate (7), and f1Band horizontal polarization antenna unit (1), f2The wave band vertical polarization antenna units (2) are fixed on the metal column (6) at intervals in a cross shape and are electrically connected with the metal column; f is1Band horizontal polarization antenna unit (1), f2Two sides of the wave band vertical polarization antenna unit (2) are respectively fixed with two adjacent metal columns (6); f is1The wave band horizontal polarization antenna unit (1) is electrically connected with the metal plate (7) through the TNC connector (3), f2The wave band vertical polarization antenna unit (2) is electrically connected with the metal plate (7) through the SMA connector (4).
2. The low-profile dual-band dual-polarization common-caliber conformal phased-array antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein the metal column (6) is provided with 4 holes along the height direction thereof for clamping and fixing f1Band horizontal polarization antenna unit (1), f2A limit groove of the wave band vertical polarization antenna unit (2); the 4 limiting grooves are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the metal column (6).
3. A low profile dual band dual polarization co-aperture conformal phased array antenna according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the metal plate (7) comprises a plurality of small size metal plates which combine into a metal plate (7) that is aligned with the carrier surface curvature.
4. The low profile dual band dual polarized common aperture conformal phased array antenna of claim 1, further comprising an L-shaped metal corner fitting; one side of the corner fitting and f1Band horizontal polarization antenna unit (1) or f2The wave band vertical polarization antenna unit (2) is electrically welded, and the other side of the wave band vertical polarization antenna unit is electrically connected and fixed with the metal plate (7).
5. Low profile dual band dual polarized common aperture conformal phased array antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that one side of the corner fitting is fixed with a metal plate (7) by screws.
6. The low profile dual band dual polarization common aperture conformal phased array antenna of claim 1, wherein f is1Band horizontal polarization antenna unit (1) or f2The wave band vertical polarization antenna units (2) are all Vivaldi antennas with microstrip sheet structures.
7. The low-profile dual-band dual-polarized common-caliber conformal phased-array antenna as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the profile heights of the f1 band antenna element and the vertically polarized f2 band antenna element are both h-0.08 λ ═ 0.08 λ0Wherein λ is0Is the free space wavelength corresponding to the lowest frequency point in the two frequency bands.
8. The low-profile dual-band dual-polarized common-aperture conformal phased array antenna according to claim 7, wherein the f1 band antenna elements and the vertically polarized f2 band antenna elements are respectively spaced from each other in azimuth and in elevation by a distance of: lx ═ 0.06 λ0,Ly=0.08λ0。
9. The low-profile dual-band dual-polarized common-caliber conformal phased array antenna as claimed in claim 7, wherein two directional distances between the f1 band antenna element and the vertically polarized f2 band antenna element correspond to a high-band half-wavelength of 0.5 λ1Wherein λ is1The wavelength is the free space wavelength corresponding to the highest frequency point in the two frequency bands.
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唐宝富等: "《有源相控阵雷达天线结构设计》", 西安电子科技大学出版社, pages: 172 - 173 * |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN114865294A (en) * | 2022-05-20 | 2022-08-05 | 中国航天科工集团八五一一研究所 | Orthogonal dual-polarized array antenna with ultra-wide band and low profile |
CN115296047A (en) * | 2022-10-08 | 2022-11-04 | 南京天朗防务科技有限公司 | Tightly-coupled circularly-polarized common-caliber antenna |
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