CN113113784A - Large-angle scanning array arrangement method for super-large-spacing array without grating lobes - Google Patents
Large-angle scanning array arrangement method for super-large-spacing array without grating lobes Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a large-angle scanning and arraying method of an ultra-large-spacing array without grating lobes, which is simple and quick in arraying method and high in grating lobe prevention efficiency and is realized by the following technical scheme: constructing an x-axis direction unit interval matrix of a two-dimensional rectangular planar array according to a grating lobe-free theory, determining a y-axis direction unit interval by using an optimization algorithm, constructing a y-axis direction unit interval matrix, and performing rectangular grid array; dividing the planar array into three planar array areas I, II and III according to an x axis, and carrying out oblique angle array distribution on the planar arrays of the planar array area I and the planar array area III; optimizing the positions of the subarrays A and B in the y axis by using an optimization algorithm, and moving the subarrays A and B integrally along the y axis direction; the shape of the whole two-dimensional planar array is adjusted, the space utilization rate is increased, the sub-array C and the sub-array D are translated above the planar array, the array element level non-periodic arrangement is an ultra-wideband grating lobe-free sparse array with frequency multiplication of more than 3, and a two-dimensional planar array structure without grating lobes is obtained by scanning within the range of +/-60 degrees.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an array arrangement mode of ultra-large-distance large-angle scanning of an antenna array, in particular to an array arrangement method of an ultra-wideband antenna array with frequency multiplication of more than 3.
Background
The phased array antenna changes the beam direction rapidly in an instant is the result of strict program control of the amplitude and the phase of array units and reasonable design of unit spacing, and as the maximum scanning airspace is about the unit spacing of the array, the arrangement form of the units also influences the scanning airspace. The array elements of a typical planar phased array antenna may be arranged in a rectangular grid or in a triangular grid. However, the strong cross coupling between the cells deteriorates the radiation characteristics and impedance characteristics of the cells themselves and even the array, such as the pattern shape of the cells, power transmission, and the like, and increases the array cost and cost for a certain aperture area; and the unit interval is too large, and the scanning beam generates an undesirable grating lobe with energy and intensity similar to the main lobe in real space, so that the quality of the scanning lobe is seriously influenced, and the safety of the scanning lobe is threatened when the array surface cannot work normally or works. Due to the fact that the number of space measurement and control targets is increasing, a large array antenna with tens of thousands of array elements becomes the development direction of future measurement and control antennas. In order to obtain a longer range and sufficient spatial resolution, the array antenna is developed to be large, and the number of antennas with hundreds of array elements or even tens of thousands of array elements is not uncommon. With the development of the technology in the fields of radar, electronic countermeasure, communication and the like, the electromagnetic environment is increasingly complicated, and the broadband and wide-angle scanning antenna array becomes more and more important. In order to reduce the development and maintenance cost of the radar, more and more large phased array radars adopt an antenna array surface design scheme with large unit spacing, and although increasing the array element spacing is beneficial to reducing the cost of the phased array antenna, the undesirable grating lobes can be brought. How to overcome the inherent grating lobe defect of the large-unit-pitch array becomes a key technical point of the phased array radar of the type. A common research direction is to reduce the grating lobe level to some extent by the non-periodic design of the antenna array. In order for the array antenna to have sufficient spatial resolution, the antenna must have a sufficiently large aperture. And in order to ensure that the antenna wave beam is in the full airspace coverage range and avoid the influence of grating lobes, the array element spacing of the array antenna cannot be overlarge. Therefore, for a large array antenna, the direction of the grating lobe is not at the zero point of the array element-level beam pattern, and if the grating lobe is not suppressed, the side lobe of the whole array pattern is raised, and the beam performance is seriously damaged. In the traditional array design method, grating lobes of an antenna array are avoided, the distance between antenna units meets a certain requirement, and the distance is the largest when the array is not scanned and is about 1 wavelength. As the element spacing increases, the antenna beam presents a grating lobe and approaches the main lobe, which limits the scan angle of the antenna array. Especially for the ultra-wideband antenna array, when the frequency is multiplied by more than 3, grating lobes do not appear in the antenna array, and the antenna unit can be miniaturized, but the low-frequency gain of the antenna unit is very low, the number of the antenna units is increased, and the number of digital channels is increased, so that the manufacturing cost of the antenna is overhigh.
In the prior art, sparse arrays are mainly adopted for large-spacing grating lobe-free antenna arrays. There are many research documents on this aspect, such as the electronic bulletin, 2006.12: 2263-2267 document 1 discloses "non-uniform line antenna array optimization arrangement research", wherein an improved genetic algorithm is adopted to realize a one-dimensional grating-lobe-free design of 8 units and scanning 10 ° in a wavelength range of 0.5-1 unit interval. For another example, chinese patent publication No. CN106654601A (application No. 2016112116027) discloses a grating lobe-free wide-angle scanning hybrid array ultra-sparse layout method, which adopts a genetic algorithm to optimize the spacing within and between sub-arrays, suppress the sidelobe and grating lobe levels under the wide-angle scanning condition, and obtain the array element average spacing and the minimum spacing, in order to reduce the number of channels. Comprises the following steps: 1) determining the type and related parameters of the unit antenna in the subarray, and simultaneously determining the number of units contained in one subarray; 2) obtaining position information by using a genetic algorithm, arranging array elements in the sub-array to form a sub-array, and determining the number of the required sub-arrays to perform array formation by adopting 12 sets of real-time delay line schemes, wherein the target is to compress the side lobes of the total array; 4) obtaining subarray layout information according to a genetic algorithm, and performing subarray layout; 5) after the array position layout is determined, the array adopts a digital-analog mixed scheme to realize wide-angle beam scanning. The method comprises the steps of carrying out non-uniform interval layout on a plurality of sub-arrays to form a total array, carrying out analog/digital sampling after each sub-array outputs, adopting an analog multi-beam forming network in the sub-arrays, and configuring different phase shift quantities for array elements to enable sub-array beams to realize wide-angle beam scanning. These methods are mainly based on non-uniform arraying by using optimization algorithms (e.g. differential differentiation, genetic algorithms, etc.). Most of the antennas are suitable for antenna arrays with narrow bandwidth, and the effect is not obvious when the antenna elements are too far apart. The method solves the comprehensive problem of a sparse array directional diagram by utilizing a genetic algorithm and a particle swarm algorithm through dividing subarrays, inhibits grating lobes of uniform adjacent subarrays, can obtain beam directional diagrams with different directions in scanning subareas through subarray-level weights on the premise that array element-level weighting is not changed, and carries out non-uniform subarray division on rows and columns simultaneously through an optimization algorithm, thereby further reducing the number of subarrays. The division of each scanning subarea is jointly determined by two-stage subarrays and the performance of the whole array wave beam, the appearance of high side lobes is easy to cause due to too large subareas, the subareas are too small, and array element-level weighted values need to be frequently adjusted along with the continuous change of the scanning angle. And can form beams of arbitrary pointing directions within a desired area. The scanning range of the pitch angle of the subarray beam forming method is small, and when the subarray points to a large pitch angle, the main-side lobe ratio is seriously reduced.
Journal of electric wave science, month 8 in 2008: 745-748 document 2 discloses a design method of a low-grating lobe large-instantaneous bandwidth phased array antenna, which breaks up the periodicity of the phase center of the subarray by dividing the subarray to eliminate the grating lobe of the antenna on the side frequency or the large scanning angle, and achieves the purpose of reducing the phased array antenna side lobe level by the irregular division and phase weighting technology of the subarray, but the relative bandwidth is 17.6%.
Foreign documents research a global optimization method to perform large-space grating-lobe-free array distribution, but the method has large calculation amount, high requirement on hardware equipment and long time consumption. The above methods all reduce the number of required array elements, but still require more digital channels for large arrays, resulting in high manufacturing complexity and high cost of the arrays. Therefore, the fast and effective arrangement mode which can carry out large-angle scanning without grating lobes at extra-large intervals is urgently sought.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the invention provides a large-angle scanning and arraying method without grating lobes for an ultra-large-spacing array, which is simple and quick in arraying method, high in grating lobe prevention efficiency and good in effect, and particularly provides an arraying method which can be used for an array of ultra-wideband antenna large-angle scanning and has no grating lobes in a full three-dimensional airspace.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows: a large-angle scanning and arraying method without grating lobes for an ultra-large-space array is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1: the two-dimensional plane array is arranged according to a rectangular grid: in the matrix arrangement range of a rectangular coordinate system xoy two-dimensional planar array, the x-axis unit interval in the x-axis direction and the y-axis unit interval in the y-axis direction are represented by a matrix, the unit interval in the y-axis direction is optimized by adopting an optimization algorithm, and the unit interval dy and the maximum dy in the y-axis direction are determinedmaxAnd minimum value dyminAccording to the maximum scan angle theta in the x-axis direction0Minimum wavelength λ within the frequency bandminAnd linear array grating lobe-free theoretical calculation formula dx ≦ λmin/(1+sin(θ0) Obtaining cell pitch in x-axis directionValue range is obtained, unit interval dx is determined, and an x-axis direction unit interval matrix [ dx ] of a two-dimensional rectangular planar array is constructed1，dx2，dx3…dxNx-1]Y-axis cell spacing matrix [ dy1，dy2，dy3…dyNy-1]；
Step 2: dividing the X-axis length into L1, L2 and L3 directions according to the X-axis into three planar array areas I, II and III, centering the rectangular array of the planar array area II and keeping the rectangular array unchanged, and calculating the array oblique angle theta of the planar array area I1Angle theta1The oblique angle theta is distributed with the plane array area III2Carrying out oblique angle arraying on the planar arrays of the planar array region I and the planar array region III;
and step 3: in a two-dimensional planar array which is divided into three areas I, II and III according to an x axis and is distributed, the planar array of a planar array area I is regarded as an antenna subarray A, and the planar array of an area III is regarded as an antenna subarray B; taking the antenna units of the area II planar array with the y-axis direction positions of the area I and the area III smaller than that of the area II planar array as a sub-array C and a sub-array D, optimizing the positions of the sub-array A and the sub-array B in the y-axis direction by adopting an optimization algorithm, and finely adjusting the positions of the planar arrays of the area I and the area III in the y-axis direction;
and 4, step 4: the shape of the whole two-dimensional planar array is adjusted, the space utilization rate is increased, the position in the x-axis direction is kept unchanged, the sub-array C and the sub-array D are translated above the sub-array A and the sub-array B planar array, the array element level non-periodic arrangement is an ultra wide band grating lobe-free sparse array with frequency multiplication of more than 3, and a two-dimensional planar array structure without grating lobes is obtained by scanning within the range of +/-60 degrees.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the method, a two-dimensional planar array is arranged according to a rectangular grid at unit intervals in two dimensions, an antenna array surface is divided into 3 areas according to an x axis, and an ultra wide band grating lobe-free sparse array with oblique angle arrangement is carried out on the areas I and III to obtain a two-dimensional planar array structure with grating lobe inhibition capability; the ultra-wideband grating lobe-free sparse array with controllable minimum spacing is provided, and the method is suitable for large-scale arrays and avoids large-scale calculation. The array element level non-periodic arrangement can enable the whole array to realize non-periodicity, and the non-periodic arrangement of the array breaks the periodicity of the whole array causing high-level grating lobes, so that the purpose of suppressing and even avoiding the grating lobes is achieved. Through the non-periodic design of the antenna array surface, the grating lobe level is reduced to a certain extent, and the position of the oblique angle array subarray is further optimized, so that the peak level of the grating lobe/side lobe area is further reduced. Experimental results show that the technology has high grating lobe prevention efficiency, good effect and better universality.
The invention aims at the characteristics of a large-scale large-space two-dimensional planar array antenna, gives consideration to the advantages of a sparse array, simplifies the design of a subarray level non-periodic structure and effectively reduces the operation. Optimizing the position of the linear array unit with large spacing dimension by an optimization algorithm, destroying the influence of the periodic suppression grating lobes arranged by the unit, carrying out oblique angle array arrangement on the two-dimensional planar array, and finally integrally optimizing the oblique angle array arrangement part by the optimization algorithm, thereby eliminating high side lobes caused by an array element level directional diagram and further increasing the main side lobe ratio of the beam.
The invention can be used for array arrangement of ultra-wideband antenna large-angle scanning, scanning without grating lobes within the range of +/-60 degrees, and can be used as a sub-array for carrying out periodic arrangement in the direction of an x axis or the direction of a y axis.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an array layout of a large-angle scanning arrangement of a super-large-pitch array without grating lobes according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an array layout of step 1 of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an array layout of step 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the array layout of step 3 of the example of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the array layout of step 4 of the example of the present invention;
the principles and features of the present invention are described below in conjunction with the following drawings. The minimum element spacing of the illustrated example is 2.62 wavelengths of the high frequency, but this example is merely to illustrate the invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and the minimum element spacing of the invention may be larger or smaller depending on the cell size.
Detailed Description
See fig. 1. According to the invention, the following steps are employed:
step 1: the two-dimensional plane array is arranged according to a rectangular grid: in the matrix arrangement range of a rectangular coordinate system xoy two-dimensional planar array, the x-axis unit interval in the x-axis direction and the y-axis unit interval in the y-axis direction are represented by a matrix, the unit interval in the y-axis direction is optimized by adopting an optimization algorithm, and the unit interval dy and the maximum dy in the y-axis direction are determinedmaxAnd minimum value dyminAccording to the maximum scan angle theta in the x-axis direction0Minimum wavelength λ within the frequency bandminAnd linear array grating lobe-free theoretical calculation formula dx ≦ λmin/(1+sin(θ0) Obtaining the value range of the unit spacing in the x-axis direction, determining the unit spacing dx, and constructing the unit spacing matrix [ dx ] in the x-axis direction of the two-dimensional rectangular planar array1，dx2，dx3…dxNx-1]Y-axis cell spacing matrix [ dy1，dy2，dy3…dyNy-1]；
Step 2: dividing the X-axis length into L1, L2 and L3 directions according to the X-axis into three planar array areas I, II and III, centering the rectangular array of the planar array area II and keeping the rectangular array unchanged, and calculating the array oblique angle theta of the planar array area I1Angle theta1The oblique angle theta is distributed with the plane array area III2Carrying out oblique angle arraying on the planar arrays of the planar array region I and the planar array region III;
and step 3: in a two-dimensional planar array which is divided into three areas I, II and III according to an x axis and is distributed, the planar array of a planar array area I is regarded as an antenna subarray A, and the planar array of an area III is regarded as an antenna subarray B; regarding the antenna units of the area I and area III planar arrays with the y-axis direction positions smaller than the area II planar arrays as a sub-array C and a sub-array D, optimizing the positions of the sub-array A and the sub-array B in the y-axis direction by adopting an optimization algorithm, and finely adjusting the positions of the planar arrays of the area I and area III in the y-axis direction;
and 4, step 4: the shape of the whole two-dimensional planar array is adjusted, the space utilization rate is increased, the position in the x-axis direction is kept unchanged, the sub-array C and the sub-array D are translated above the sub-array A and the sub-array B planar array, the array element level non-periodic arrangement is an ultra wide band grating lobe-free sparse array with frequency multiplication of more than 3, and a two-dimensional planar array structure without grating lobes is obtained by scanning within the range of +/-60 degrees.
The optimization algorithm comprises the following steps: genetic algorithm or particle swarm algorithm or weed algorithm.
y-axis cell spacing matrix [ dy1，dy2，dy3…dyNy-1]Minimum value dy ofminThe size of the array antenna unit is not less than the size of the array antenna unit. The space between the array antenna units in the x-axis direction only needs to be less than or equal to lambda according to a theoretical calculation formula dx of the linear array without grating lobesmin/(1+sin(θ0) Determine dx, (λ)minIs the smallest wavelength within the frequency band, theta0The x-axis direction maximum scan angle).
In selected embodiments, the distance dx between the array antenna elements in the x-axis direction is smaller than the distance dy between the array antenna elements in the y-axis direction, the circle represents the position of the center of the array element, the extra-large distance array is adopted in the y-axis direction, the number on the x-axis represents the coordinate value of the antenna elements of the planar array on the x-axis, the number on the y-axis represents the coordinate value of the antenna elements of the planar array on the y-axis, the number Nx of the array elements in the x-axis direction is 18, and the distance between the ith +1 th array element and the ith array element is dxiI has a value range of [1, Nx-1 ]]) And dxiIs a fixed and constant value dx, i.e. dxiDx; the number of array elements Ny in the y-axis direction is 10, and the unit pitch between the j +1 th array element and the j-th array element is dyjJ has a value in the range of [1, Ny-1 ]])。
The number Nx of array units of the array in the x-axis direction is 18, and the unit interval between the i +1 th unit and the i-th unit is dxii has a value in the range of [1, Nx-1 ]]) And dxiIs a fixed and constant value dx, i.e. dxi＝dx；
The number of array elements Ny in the y-axis direction is 10, and the pitch between the j +1 th element and the j-th element is dyjJ has a value in the range of [1, Ny-1 ]]). The I and III area plane arrays adopt oblique angle array arrangement, and the II area plane array adopts rectangular array arrangement.
The frequency band is 1GHz-6GHz, the ultra wide band antenna array is 6 frequency doubling, phase scanning is not carried out in the x-axis direction, and the unit spacing meets the theoretical formula of grating lobe-free. The array units are not weighted, and the arraying step is as follows:
step 1, see fig. 2. According to a theoretical calculation formula of the linear array without grating lobes: dx is less than or equal to lambdamin/(1+sin(θ0) And dx is 40mm, a cell matrix [ dx ] in the x-axis direction is obtained at a spacing dx ≦ 50/(1+ sin (0)) ═ 501，dx2，dx3…dxNx-1]Optimizing the linear array unit interval in the y-axis direction by using a genetic algorithm to obtain a unit spacing matrix [ dy ] in the y-axis direction1，dy2，dy3…dyNy-1]According to the optimization results, the cell pitch in the y-axis direction is as shown in Table 1, and the cell interval dx determined according to the x-axisiAnd y-axis determined unit spacing dyiCell matrix [ dx ] in the x-axis direction1，dx2，dx3…dxNx-1]Cell pitch matrix [ dy ] as row, y-axis direction1，dy2，dy3…dyNy-1]As columns, the entire two-dimensional planar array is rectangular-arrayed.
TABLE 1 spacing of Large Angle dimension units
Step 2, see fig. 3. The two-dimensional planar array which is already distributed is divided into I, II and III area planar arrays according to the x axis, the length in the x axis direction is L1-L2-L3-213.3 mm, and the rectangular grid planar array of the distributed array of the x axis direction unit interval matrix [40, 40, 40, 40] and the y axis direction unit interval matrix [176, 180, 190 … 131] is kept unchanged in the planar array area II.
Referring to Table 1, the maximum array cell spacing dy in the y-axis direction of the planar array max200, according to θ1＝arctan(dymax/L1) calculating the I distribution oblique angle theta of the planar array area1To obtain theta1＝arctan(dymax/L1) 43.1 ° according to θ2＝180-arctan(dymax/L3), calculating the distribution oblique angle theta of the planar array area III2To obtain theta2＝180-arctan(dymax/L3) ═ 136.9 °, for planar array region i and planar array region iiiThe planar array is subjected to oblique angle arrangement, the planar arrays of a planar array area I and an area III are subjected to oblique angle arrangement, a planar array area II is arranged between the planar array area I and the planar array area III, an ultra wide band two-dimensional planar grating lobe-free sparse array with grating lobe inhibition capability is obtained through arrangement, and the structure can be used as a sub-array to be subjected to periodic arrangement in the y-axis direction and/or the x-axis direction.
Step 3, see fig. 4. A two-dimensional planar array area I planar array is regarded as an antenna sub-array A, an area III planar array is regarded as an antenna sub-array B, and antenna units of an area II planar array with the y-axis direction positions of the area I and the area III smaller than the area II planar array are regarded as a sub-array C and a sub-array D. Optimizing the positions of the subarray A and the subarray B in the y-axis direction by adopting a genetic algorithm, wherein the difference values of the position of the subarray A and the position of the subarray B in the plane array areas I and III of the oblique angle arrangement of the two-dimensional plane array and the position of the subarray B before optimization are respectively delta dy1、Δdy2，Δdy1And Δ dy2The sign indicates that the sub-array A and the sub-array B are entirely shifted in the positive y-axis direction by '+', and the sub-array A and the sub-array B are entirely shifted in the negative y-axis direction by Δ dy1、Δdy2The symbol '-', optimized, Δ dy1＝-25mm，Δdy2＝50mm。，
Step 4, see fig. 5. And translating the subarrays C and D below the two-dimensional plane to be above the plane array of the antenna subarrays A in the array area I and the antenna subarrays B in the plane array area III.
The embodiments of the present invention are not intended to be limited to the embodiments of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit of the technical solution of the present invention should be included in the technical protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A large-angle scanning and arraying method without grating lobes for an ultra-large-space array is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1: the two-dimensional plane array is arranged according to a rectangular grid: in the array distribution range of a rectangular coordinate system xoy two-dimensional plane array, the matrix represents the x-axis unit spacing in the x-axis direction and the y-axis in the y-axis directionThe unit interval is optimized by adopting an optimization algorithm, and the unit interval dy and the maximum dy in the y-axis direction are determinedmaxAnd minimum value dyminAccording to the maximum scan angle theta in the x-axis direction0Minimum wavelength λ within the frequency bandminAnd linear array grating lobe-free theoretical calculation formula dx ≦ λmin/(1+sin(θ0) Obtaining the value range of the unit spacing in the x-axis direction, determining the unit spacing dx, and constructing the unit spacing matrix [ dx ] in the x-axis direction of the two-dimensional rectangular planar array1，dx2，dx3…dxNx-1]Y-axis cell spacing matrix [ dy1，dy2，dy3…dyNy-1]；
Step 2: dividing the X-axis length into L1, L2 and L3 directions according to the X-axis into three planar array areas I, II and III, centering the rectangular array of the planar array area II and keeping the rectangular array unchanged, and calculating the array oblique angle theta of the planar array area I1Angle theta1The oblique angle theta is distributed with the plane array area III2Carrying out oblique angle arraying on the planar arrays of the planar array region I and the planar array region III;
and step 3: in a two-dimensional planar array which is divided into three areas I, II and III according to an x axis and is distributed, the planar array of a planar array area I is regarded as an antenna subarray A, and the planar array of an area III is regarded as an antenna subarray B; regarding the antenna units of the area I and area III planar arrays with the y-axis direction positions smaller than the area II planar arrays as a sub-array C and a sub-array D, optimizing the positions of the sub-array A and the sub-array B in the y-axis direction by adopting an optimization algorithm, and finely adjusting the positions of the planar arrays of the area I and area III in the y-axis direction;
and 4, step 4: the shape of the whole two-dimensional planar array is adjusted, the space utilization rate is increased, the position in the x-axis direction is kept unchanged, the sub-array C and the sub-array D are translated above the sub-array A and the sub-array B planar array, the array element level non-periodic arrangement is an ultra wide band grating lobe-free sparse array with frequency multiplication of more than 3, and a two-dimensional planar array structure without grating lobes is obtained by scanning within the range of +/-60 degrees.
2. The very large pitch array grating lobe-free large angle scanning arraying method of claim 1, wherein: the optimization algorithm comprises the following steps: genetic algorithm or particle swarm algorithm or weed algorithm.
3. The very large pitch array grating lobe-free large angle scanning arraying method of claim 1, wherein: y-axis cell spacing matrix [ dy1，dy2，dy3…dyNy-1]Minimum value dy ofminThe size of the array antenna unit is not less than the size of the array antenna unit.
4. The very large pitch array grating lobe-free large angle scanning arraying method of claim 1, wherein: the distance dx between the array antenna units in the x-axis direction is smaller than the distance dy between the array antenna units in the y-axis direction, the position of the center of the array antenna units is represented by a circle, and the ultra-large distance array is adopted in the y-axis direction.
5. The very large pitch array grating lobe-free large angle scanning arraying method of claim 4, wherein: the number of array units Nx in the x-axis direction, and the unit distance between the (i + 1) th array unit and the ith array unit is dxiI has a value range of [1, Nx-1 ]]) And dxiIs a fixed and constant value dx, i.e. dxiDx; the number of array elements Ny in the y-axis direction, and the unit pitch between the j +1 th array element and the j array element is dyjJ has a value in the range of [1, Ny-1 ]])。
6. The very large pitch array grating lobe-free large angle scanning arraying method of claim 1, wherein: the Y-axis direction adopts super-large spacing arrangement with more than 3 times of frequency;
the very large pitch array grating lobe-free large angle scanning arraying method of claim 1, wherein: according to a theoretical calculation formula of the linear array without grating lobes: dx is less than or equal to lambdamin/(1+sin(θ0) Obtaining a cell matrix [ dx ] in the x-axis direction1，dx2，dx3…dxNx-1]Optimizing the linear array unit spacing in the y-axis direction by using a genetic algorithm to obtain a unit spacing matrix [ dy ] in the y-axis direction1，dy2，dy3…dyNy-1]According to the optimization result, the cell matrix [ dx ] in the x-axis direction1，dx2，dx3…dxNx-1]Cell pitch matrix [ dy ] as row, y-axis direction1，dy2，dy3…dyNy-1]As columns, the entire two-dimensional planar array is rectangular-arrayed.
7. The very large pitch array grating lobe-free large angle scanning arraying method of claim 1, wherein: dividing the distributed two-dimensional rectangular planar array into I, II and III area planar arrays in the x-axis direction, wherein the lengths of the two-dimensional planar arrays in the x-axis direction of the I, II and III area planar arrays are L1, L2 and L3.
8. The very large pitch array grating lobe-free large angle scanning arraying method of claim 1, wherein: according to theta1＝arctan(dymax/L1) calculating the I distribution oblique angle theta of the planar array area1According to theta2＝180-arctan(dymax/L3), calculating the distribution oblique angle theta of the planar array area III2。
9. The very large pitch array grating lobe-free large angle scanning arraying method of claim 1, wherein: optimizing the positions of the subarrays A and B in the y-axis direction by adopting an optimization algorithm, and finely adjusting the positions of the planar arrays of the planar array region I and the planar array region III in the y-axis direction; and translating the subarrays C and D below the two-dimensional plane to be above the plane arrays of the antenna subarrays A in the array area I and the antenna subarrays B in the plane array area III.
10. The very large pitch array grating lobe-free large angle scanning arraying method of claim 1, wherein: and carrying out oblique angle array distribution on the planar arrays of the planar array area I and the planar array area III, arranging the planar array area II between the planar arrays of the planar array area I and the planar array of the area III, obtaining the ultra-wideband two-dimensional planar grating lobe-free sparse array with the grating lobe inhibition capability, and carrying out periodic array distribution on the structure serving as a sub-array in the y-axis direction and/or the x-axis direction.
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