CN102109613B - Method for determining effective thickness of target reservoir under complex geological conditions - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention belongs to a method for determining the effective thickness of a target reservoir under complex geological conditions of petroleum geophysical prospecting, which utilizes seismic wave information (namely characteristic points and amplitude information) to determine the thickness of the reservoir, selects comprehensive seismic and logging information of a target interval of a research work area, finely explains a layer after seismic data is processed with high fidelity and high resolution to obtain a post-stack section, and then predicts the thickness of the target reservoir. The method can estimate the effective thickness of the target reservoir under the complex geological condition, is suitable for the condition of a single thin layer, is also suitable for the condition that the thickness of a thin interbed, the net-to-gross ratio, the thickness of each single layer and the distribution mode are all changed violently in practice, is not limited by the tuning thickness of the thin layer, and has strong adaptability.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the geophysical prospecting for oil technology, is definite method of target reservoir net thickness under a kind of complex geological condition.
Background technology
Because reservoir prediction has run into difficulty under the restriction complex geological condition of seismic resolution.Reservoir thickness prediction is current difficult point and focus under the thin interbed condition.Because thin layer tuning and sand mud alternating layers distribute, the thickness that earthquake is picked up can not reflect the net thickness of thin interbed reservoir.
Open up frequently, although can improve resolution, high-frequency information is unreliable, and can't eliminate the tuning influence of wavelet.
Seismic trace integral is a no constrained inversion technique for integrative of utilizing seismic data to carry out, with the wave impedance on stratum certain corresponding relation is arranged, although visually improved resolution, has distorted spectrum signature, has reduced dominant frequency, has tuning effect.
The well logging constrained inversion; Well-log information longitudinal frame height, seismic section lateral resolution high two big advantages have been made full use of; Under the well logging constraint, model is carried out iterative modifications, obtain high-resolution formation wave impedance data, for meticulous explanations such as reservoir thickness, rerum natura provide a kind of possibility answer; But the reliability of inversion result receives the control of geologic condition and well-log information, and inverting has run into challenge under the complex geological condition frequent at mature fault, pinching, that thin interbed distributes.
The inverting of thin layer frequency spectrum is the thin bed reflections coefficient inversion method of frequency field, and without any need for constraint, the spectrum signature establishing target function inverting that utilizes thin layer is the reflection coefficient and the thickness of thin layer top bottom boundary one by one.Inversion result is a reflection coefficient sequence, has eliminated the tuning influence of wavelet, can reflect geology details such as thin layer, minor fault and pinching, has improved the resolution of earthquake greatly.But be not suitable for the stratum of wave impedance gradual change, still meeting difficulty aspect the inverting thin interbed.High-frequency information outside the earthquake effective band that inverting obtains is unreliable, and inversion result is generally used for qualitative interpretation.
Seismic properties (like instantaneous frequency and reflection amplitude) is usually used in reservoir thickness and sedimentary facies is explained.From Widess (1973) and Kallweit (1982) respectively at time and frequency domain analysis behind the thin layer earthquake tuning effect, in the ascendant about the research of thin layer tuning rule aspect.Thin layer quantitative interpretation method can be divided into two types of time domain and frequency fields.Generally, through supposing that amplitude or dominant frequency with the linear thickness of thin layer of predicting of thickness, are applicable to the situation of a layer usually, and can only in tuning thickness, be similar to use.Very few to the tuning rule research of thin interbed at present, under the complex geological condition reservoir thickness confirm have difficulties.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention provides a kind of restriction that does not receive thin layer tuning thickness, has definite method of target reservoir net thickness under the stronger adaptive complex geological condition.
The present invention realizes through following steps:
1) artificial excitation's seismic event in the exploration area, and receive underground reflective information, after protecting width of cloth processing, obtain the zero degree seismic section;
2) confirm the reservoir thickness of target interval according to the interpretation results of known survey area geology, well-log information and seismic data;
The reservoir thickness of described target interval is according to fixed research task, and the one-tenth-value thickness 1/10 to top, the end degree of depth or the thin reservoir thickness between the time of research interval adds up and obtain is also referred to as clean thickness or true thickness.
3) multiply each other the sound wave of fixed well and densimetric curve and obtain the wave impedance curve, the Acoustic Impedance Data of objective interval is compressed and stretched, and objective interval up and down the Acoustic Impedance Data on stratum remain unchanged, generate sand mud thin interbed wedge model;
4) just drilling by sand mud thin interbed wedge model and calculating theoretical synthetic seismogram; Seismic wavelet adopts the zero-phase wavelet that from actual seismic data, extracts and does 90 degree phase shifts; On the synthetic seismogram section, pick up the time apparent thickness of reservoir, reservoir thickness obtains the apparent seismic net-gross ratio with the ratio of time apparent thickness, extracts the mean amplitude of tide value in the reservoir time apparent thickness from the synthetic seismogram section simultaneously; Utilize following formula to calculate de-tuned curve c (t), to eliminate the influence of wavelet;
c(t)＝N/(t*A) (1)
N is a reservoir thickness in the formula, and t is the time apparent thickness of reservoir, and A is the average amplitude value in the reservoir time apparent thickness;
5) on the geological data of study area, from 90 ° of seismic traces pick up near reservoir top, the end zero point as the top of reservoir at the bottom of the time, be respectively t
1(x, y), t
2(x, y), calculating apparent thickness: t (x, y)=t
2(x, y)-t
1(x, y) (2)
(x y) is apparent thickness to t in the formula, and (x y) is the corresponding coordinate of seismic trace;
Simultaneously, timing statistics window t from the seismic section
1(x, y) ~ t
2(x, and the average amplitude attribute A of 90 ° of phase place seismic responses in y) (x, y);
6) carry out spatial interpolation through de-tuned curve c (t) to the reference mark fixed well, obtain seismic trace (x, the de-tuned factor c that y) locates (t (x, y)), according to following formula, spend tuning factor with amplitude attribute A (x y) changes into and looks clean hair ratio:
N2AG(x，y)＝A(x，y)×c(t(x，y))， (3)
Look clean hair and obtain the reservoir thickness attribute than multiplying each other with apparent thickness:
N(x，y)＝N2AG(x，y)×t(x，y)， (4)
(x is the clean hair of an apparent seismic ratio y) to N2AG in the formula, and (x y) is the reservoir thickness attribute to N;
7) select demarcation well w for use
1, w
2..., w
n, after doing the fine match contrast, confirm layer of sand and mud layer in the target interval by the theogram of the wave impedance curve calculation of well and the other seismologic record of well, the thickness of statistics sandstone reservoir obtains reservoir thickness N
1, N
2..., N
n, (x y), obtains the calibration coefficient c at each well place divided by the reservoir thickness property value N at each well place of step 6)
1, c
2..., c
n
8) (x, y), (x y) confirms to obtain reservoir thickness to the reservoir thickness attribute N of step 6) with this coefficient to utilize golden interpolation in the theoretical gram of geological statistics to obtain the well calibration coefficient c ' of each seismic trace.
The present invention can estimate the net thickness of target reservoir under the complex geological condition; Can be applicable to the situation of single thin layer; Can be applicable to all situation of acute variation of thin interbed thickness in the reality, clean hair ratio, each thickness in monolayer, distribution mode again; Do not receive the restriction of thin layer tuning thickness, have stronger adaptability.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the zero degree seismic section of reservoir thickness;
Fig. 2 is that the true reservoir thickness of fixed well target interval is explained synoptic diagram;
Fig. 3 is a sand mud thin interbed wedge-like wave impedance section;
Fig. 4 is just being drilled by sand mud thin interbed wedge model to calculate de-tuned curve;
Fig. 5 is the seismic section after the 90 degree phase-shift processing;
Fig. 6 is the layer bit time predicting reservoir thickness that utilizes the destination layer of 90 ° of phase place geological datas and explanation.
Embodiment
Reservoir thickness estimating techniques of the present invention utilize seismic event information (being unique point and amplitude information) to confirm reservoir thickness.The target interval of choosing the research work area synthetically shakes, well logging information carries out reservoir thickness prediction.After seismic data obtained the poststack section through high-fidelity and High-resolution Processing, meticulous interpretation layer position was done the thickness prediction of target reservoir then.
The present invention realizes through following steps:
1) artificial excitation's seismic event in the exploration area, and receive underground reflective information, after protecting width of cloth processing, obtain the zero degree seismic section; Fig. 1 is the zero degree seismic section that is used to calculate reservoir thickness in certain work area.
2) confirm the reservoir thickness of target interval according to the interpretation results of known survey area geology, well-log information and seismic data; Fig. 2 is that the well logging substratum of a bite fixed well target interval in certain work area is explained the true thickness value of adding up the thickness reservoir of each substratum.
The reservoir thickness of described target interval is according to fixed research task, and the one-tenth-value thickness 1/10 to top, the end degree of depth or the thin reservoir thickness between the time of research interval adds up and obtain is also referred to as clean thickness or true thickness.
3) multiply each other the sound wave of fixed well and densimetric curve and obtain the wave impedance curve, the Acoustic Impedance Data of objective interval is compressed and stretched, and objective interval up and down the Acoustic Impedance Data on stratum remain unchanged, generate sand mud thin interbed wedge model; Fig. 3 is the sand mud thin interbed wedge-like wave impedance section that the Acoustic Impedance Data of a bite fixed well objective interval in certain work area generates after compression and stretching.
4) just drilling by sand mud thin interbed wedge model and calculating theoretical synthetic seismogram; Seismic wavelet adopts the zero-phase wavelet that from actual seismic data, extracts and does 90 degree phase shifts; On the synthetic seismogram section, pick up the time apparent thickness of reservoir, reservoir thickness obtains the apparent seismic net-gross ratio with the ratio of time apparent thickness, extracts the mean amplitude of tide value in the reservoir time apparent thickness from the synthetic seismogram section simultaneously; Utilize following formula to calculate de-tuned curve c (t), to eliminate the influence of wavelet;
c(t)＝N/(t*A) (1)
N is a reservoir thickness in the formula, and t is the time apparent thickness of reservoir, and A is the average amplitude value in the reservoir time apparent thickness;
Fig. 4: just drilling the de-tuned curve of calculating by the sand mud thin interbed wedge model of Fig. 3.Fig. 4 a is for by the seismic wavelet mutually convolution theoretical theogram that obtain of the sand mud thin interbed wedge-like wave impedance section of Fig. 3 with extraction from seismologic record (Fig. 1).Fig. 4 b is to the seismic section after Fig. 4 a work 90 degree phase shifts.Fig. 4 c is the de-tuned curve that extracts from Fig. 4 b, and the shape of de-tuned correction function is a quite simple curve, the almost proportional relation of it and apparent thickness.
5) on the geological data of study area, from 90 ° of seismic traces pick up near reservoir top, the end zero point as the top of reservoir at the bottom of the time, be respectively t
1(x, y), t
2(x, y), calculating apparent thickness: t (x, y)=t
2(x, y)-t
1(x, y) (2)
(x y) is apparent thickness to t in the formula, and (x y) is the corresponding coordinate of seismic trace;
Simultaneously, timing statistics window t from the seismic section
1(x, y) ~ t
2(x, and the average amplitude attribute A of 90 ° of phase place seismic responses in y) (x, y);
Fig. 5 makes the seismic section of 90 degree after the phase-shift processing by Fig. 1.On this seismic section, pick up zero logical some top bottom boundary reflection interval that obtains target reservoir.
6) carry out spatial interpolation through de-tuned curve c (t) to the reference mark fixed well, obtain seismic trace (x, the de-tuned factor c that y) locates (t (x, y)), according to following formula, spend tuning factor with amplitude attribute A (x y) changes into and looks clean hair ratio:
N2AG(x，y)＝A(x，y)×c(t(x，y))， (3)
Look clean hair and obtain the reservoir thickness attribute than multiplying each other with apparent thickness:
N(x，y)＝N2AG(x，y)×t(x，y)， (4)
(x is the clean hair of an apparent seismic ratio y) to N2AG in the formula, and (x y) is the reservoir thickness attribute to N;
Fig. 6: the layer bit time predicting reservoir thickness that utilizes the destination layer of 90 ° of phase place geological datas and explanation.(Fig. 6 a) adds up 90 ° of phase average amplitudes (Fig. 6 b) then in the end time window of top at first to calculate apparent thickness by top bottom bit time.After 90 ° of de-tuned corrections of phase average amplitude, multiplying each other with apparent thickness and demarcating through gas well B obtains reservoir thickness (Fig. 6 c).With Fig. 6 a and Fig. 6 c contrast, both are widely different.Because thin layer tuning and sand mud alternating layers distribute, apparent thickness can not be represented effective reservoir.It is approaching that the moisture meeting of sandstone makes its wave impedance and mud stone in this reservoir, with the method processing that the present invention proposes, not only can eliminate the tuning influence of wavelet, and can estimate gassiness gross sand in the mud alternating layers of shaking out to a great extent.Well logging shows that A well and B gas well gas layer thickness are respectively 7.9m, 9.1m, and the C well is a water layer.It is thus clear that the gas pay thickness variation tendency of prediction is coincide with the well logging result, the present invention can portray the planar distribution of delta facies river course gas-bearing sandstone.
7) select demarcation well w for use
1, w
2..., w
n, after doing the fine match contrast, confirm layer of sand and mud layer in the target interval by the theogram of the wave impedance curve calculation of well and the other seismologic record of well, the thickness of statistics sandstone reservoir obtains reservoir thickness N
1, N
2..., N
n, (x y), obtains the calibration coefficient c at each well place divided by the reservoir thickness property value N at each well place of step 6)
1, c
2..., c
n
8) (x, y), (x y) confirms to obtain reservoir thickness to the reservoir thickness attribute N of step 6) with this coefficient to utilize golden interpolation in the theoretical gram of geological statistics to obtain the well calibration coefficient c ' of each seismic trace.
The reservoir thickness attribute that the present invention calculates under the situation of no well can reflect the variation tendency of effective reservoir.The thickness that can estimate reservoir under the situation of well is being arranged.
The present invention has eliminated the influence of wavelet in the process of estimation reservoir thickness, can reflect underground medium information (comprising sand body and oil gas information).Can predict the sand body spread of sand thickness, portrayal river course and deltaic deposit; Divide in sedimentary facies, have vital role in the identification in river course, prediction of oil-gas reserve; Can improve the description of complicated reservoirs, can arrange well location for oilfield prospecting developing reliable foundation is provided.
Claims (3)
1. definite method of target reservoir net thickness under the complex geological condition is characterized in that realizing through following steps:
1) artificial excitation's seismic event in the exploration area, and receive underground reflective information, after protecting width of cloth processing, obtain the zero degree seismic section;
2) confirm the reservoir thickness of target interval according to the interpretation results of known survey area geology, well-log information and seismic data;
3) multiply each other the sound wave of fixed well and densimetric curve and obtain the wave impedance curve, the Acoustic Impedance Data of objective interval is compressed and stretched, generate sand mud thin interbed wedge model;
4) just drilling through sand mud thin interbed wedge model and calculating theoretical theogram; Seismic wavelet adopts the zero-phase wavelet that from actual seismic data, extracts and does 90 degree phase shifts; On the theogram section, pick up the time apparent thickness of reservoir; Extract the average amplitude value in the reservoir time apparent thickness from the theogram section simultaneously, utilize the de-tuned curve c of computes (t), to eliminate the influence of wavelet;
c(t)＝N/(t*A) (1)
N is a reservoir thickness in the formula, and t is the time apparent thickness of reservoir, and A is the average amplitude value in the reservoir time apparent thickness;
5) on the geological data of study area, from 90 ° of seismic traces pick up near reservoir top, the end zero point as the top of reservoir at the bottom of the time, be respectively t
1(x, y), t
2(x, y), calculating apparent thickness: t (x, y)=t
2(x, y)-t
1(x, y) (2)
(x y) is apparent thickness to t in the formula, and (x y) is the corresponding coordinate of seismic trace;
Simultaneously, timing statistics window t from the seismic section
1(x, y)～t
2(x, and the average amplitude attribute A of 90 ° of phase place seismic responses in y) (x, y);
6) carry out spatial interpolation through de-tuned curve c (t) to the reference mark fixed well, obtain seismic trace (x, the de-tuned factor c that y) locates (t (x, y)), according to following formula, spend tuning factor with average amplitude attribute A (x y) changes into and looks clean hair ratio:
N2AG(x，y)＝A(x，y)×c(t(x，y))， (3)
Look clean hair and obtain the reservoir thickness attribute than multiplying each other with apparent thickness:
N(x，y)＝N2AG(x，y)×t(x，y)， (4)
(x is the clean hair of an apparent seismic ratio y) to N2AG in the formula, and (x y) is the reservoir thickness attribute to N;
7) select demarcation well w for use
1, w
2..., w
n, after doing the fine match contrast, confirm layer of sand and mud layer in the target interval by the theogram of the wave impedance curve calculation of well and the other seismologic record of well, obtain reservoir thickness N by the thickness of sandstone reservoir
1, N
2..., N
n, (x y), obtains the calibration coefficient c at each well place divided by the reservoir thickness property value N at each well place of step 6)
1, c
2..., c
n
8) (x, y) (x y) demarcates and obtains reservoir thickness to the reservoir thickness attribute N of step 6) to utilize golden interpolation in the gram to obtain the well calibration coefficient c ' of each seismic trace.
2. method according to claim 1; Characteristic is a step 2) reservoir thickness of described target interval is according to fixed research task; One-tenth-value thickness 1/10 to top, the end degree of depth or the thin reservoir thickness between the time of research interval adds up and obtain is also referred to as clean thickness or true thickness.
3. method according to claim 1, characteristic be step 3) the Acoustic Impedance Data of objective interval is compressed and when stretching objective interval up and down the Acoustic Impedance Data on stratum remain unchanged.
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