CN116819616B - Method for determining thickness of ultrathin high-quality shale reservoir - Google Patents
Method for determining thickness of ultrathin high-quality shale reservoir Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000005428 wave function Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000033764 rhythmic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
- G01V1/282—Application of seismic models, synthetic seismograms
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
- G01V1/30—Analysis
- G01V1/306—Analysis for determining physical properties of the subsurface, e.g. impedance, porosity or attenuation profiles
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
- G01V1/30—Analysis
- G01V1/307—Analysis for determining seismic attributes, e.g. amplitude, instantaneous phase or frequency, reflection strength or polarity
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
- G01V2210/60—Analysis
- G01V2210/62—Physical property of subsurface
- G01V2210/624—Reservoir parameters
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for determining the thickness of an ultrathin high-quality shale reservoir, which is characterized in that a shale reservoir seismic wave frequency inversion model is established to obtain the corresponding relation between a shale reservoir reflection wave function and a seismic wave function, the corresponding relation is subjected to Fourier transform under the first approximation condition to obtain the spectrum integral of a reflection wave, finally, the reflection coefficient is calculated, and is brought into a reservoir thickness calculation formula to obtain a calculation result.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of shale reservoir thickness calculation, in particular to a method for determining the thickness of an ultrathin high-quality shale reservoir.
Background
In oil gas exploitation at present, shale reservoirs are generally divided into I type, II type and III type according to the quality of the shale reservoirs, wherein I type represents high-quality shale reservoirs, is a dominant production layer for shale gas exploitation in China at present, and in order to ensure the accuracy of horizontal well targets, the distribution of the shale reservoirs is required to be detected before exploitation, the thickness of the shale reservoirs is one of important indexes, and the thickness of ultrathin I type shale is only a few meters generally, so that the calculation method of the shale reservoirs in the prior art has the problems of large calculated amount, difficult parameter acquisition, low accuracy and the like.
Chinese patent publication No. CN111487692A provides a method for predicting earthquake response characteristics and reservoir thickness of a shale oil rhythm layer between salts, extracting earthquake data and 15 well logging data in a working area range, analyzing the data, counting longitudinal wave speeds, densities, total wave impedance, target layer thickness and reflection coefficients of all wells, analyzing the rhythm earthquake data of the target layer in the working area, designing a geological geophysical model of the rhythm of the target layer, solving the best match between the actual earthquake reflection waveform of the target layer and the earthquake waveform in a model space, taking thickness parameters corresponding to the model as output, and carrying out thickness prediction based on data modeling, wherein the parameter acquisition workload is large; chinese patent publication CN113267809A provides a method for predicting a shale reservoir of type I, which comprises the steps of obtaining three-dimensional prestack time migration data, three-dimensional seismic prestack gather data and geological logging data of a region to be detected; according to the geological logging data and the three-dimensional prestack time migration data, the time domain stratum reflection horizon and the fault position of the region to be detected are obtained, seismic waveform difference inversion is carried out, the spatial distribution of the thickness of the elastic parameter inversion body rock thin layer is obtained, the calculation amount of the method is large, and the thickness calculation accuracy of the shale reservoir layer is required to be further verified.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, a simple, effective and small-error calculation method for the thickness of the shale reservoir is sought.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
step S1, a shale reservoir seismic wave frequency inversion model is established, and the corresponding relation between shale reservoir reflection wave functions and seismic wave functions is obtained.
Shale reservoirs have a composition that varies from surrounding rock and seismic waves, when passing through shale reservoirs, cause changes in frequency, phase and amplitude.
Further, in step S1, the correspondence between the reflection wave function of the rock reservoir and the seismic wave function is: if the seismic wave function isThe shale reservoir has an impulse response of +.>Then the shale reservoir reflection wave can be obtained>Correspondence with seismic wave function and shale reservoir impulse response:
and S2, carrying out Fourier transform on the corresponding relation under the first-order approximation condition to obtain spectrum integration of the reflected wave.
Further, carrying out Fourier transform on the corresponding relation between the rock reservoir reflection wave function and the seismic wave function under the first-order approximation condition to obtain the spectrum integral of the reflection wave; for ultra-thin premium shale reservoirs, under its first order approximation:
wherein,is the absolute value of the reflection coefficient of the top and bottom plates of the shale reservoir.
Further, the corresponding relation function under the first order approximation condition is subjected to Fourier transformation, and then integral transformation is carried out to obtain a spectrum integral function of the reflected wave:
wherein,for reservoir thickness>Longitudinal wave velocity in shale reservoirs for seismic waves, +.>For the first order spectral integration of seismic waves +.>Is a first order spectral integration of the reflected wave.
And S3, calculating the reflection coefficient, and taking the reflection coefficient into a reservoir thickness calculation formula to obtain a calculation result.
Further, the calculation formula of the shale reservoir thickness H deduced from the spectrum integral function of the reflected wave is as follows:
the calculation formula of the reflection coefficient R of the top and bottom plates of the shale reservoir is as follows:
where k is a constant, the value of which is related to the ratio of the propagation velocity of the seismic waves in the shale reservoir and the medium surrounding the shale reservoir,is the angle of incidence, i.e. the angle of the seismic wave from the surrounding medium to the shale reservoir interface with the horizontal direction +.>Is Gassmann fluid item, +.>For shear modulus>For reservoir media density, +.>For the difference between shale reservoir and the Gassmann fluid term of the medium surrounding the shale reservoir, +.>For the difference in the medium density of the shale reservoir and the surrounding medium reservoir, the +.>Is the difference in density between the shale reservoir and the medium surrounding the shale reservoir.
Further, constantThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
and->Longitudinal wave velocity and transverse wave velocity of seismic waves when the seismic waves propagate in a medium surrounding a shale reservoir; />And->But not the longitudinal and transverse wave velocities of seismic waves as they propagate in shale reservoirs.
Further, the reflection coefficient R is brought into a calculation formula of the shale reservoir thickness H, and the reservoir thickness H can be obtained through solving.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the method, the shale reservoir seismic wave frequency inversion model is established, the model function is subjected to Fourier transform under the first-order approximate condition to obtain the spectrum integral of the reflected wave, the reflection coefficient is calculated finally, the reflection coefficient is brought into a reservoir thickness calculation formula to further obtain a calculation result, the whole method is simple in calculation model, the related parameters are easy to obtain, the accuracy is high, the error is small when the shale reservoir with the thickness of 1-20m is calculated, and the method is very practical in development of ultrathin high-quality shale reservoirs.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of determining ultra-thin premium shale reservoir thickness in accordance with the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following.
For the purpose of making the technical solution and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, it being understood that the specific examples described herein are for the purpose of illustrating the invention only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a flow chart of a method for determining the thickness of an ultrathin premium shale reservoir according to the invention comprises the following steps:
step S1, a shale reservoir seismic wave frequency inversion model is established, and the corresponding relation between shale reservoir reflection wave functions and seismic wave functions is obtained.
Shale reservoirs have differences in composition from surrounding rock, and seismic waves cause frequency, phase and amplitude variations as they pass through the shale reservoir, so that some seismic attributes have a statistical relationship with the thickness of the shale reservoir, by means of which the thickness of the shale reservoir can be characterized. For an ultrathin high-quality shale reservoir, due to the fact that the thickness of the reservoir is very thin, the seismic reflection wave of the ultrathin high-quality shale reservoir is a composite wave formed by superposition of reflection waves of the reservoir top and the reservoir bottom of the shale reservoir, and the composite wave formed by superposition of the reflection waves can be expressed in a differential form of incident seismic wavelets.
In the step S1, the corresponding relation between the rock reservoir reflection wave function and the seismic wave function is as follows: if the seismic wave function isThe shale reservoir has an impulse response of +.>Then the shale reservoir reflection wave can be obtained>Correspondence with seismic wave function and shale reservoir impulse response:
in the process of researching the shale reservoir thickness of a target area, the change of the reflected wave energy between the target areas is generally based on post-stack seismic profile reaction, and the seismic reflected energy is presented in different structural areasThe significant changes, namely the longitudinal wave speed, density, longitudinal wave impedance, thickness and the calculated seismic reflection coefficient of the salt rock/shale interface of the shale thin layer are reflected on the seismic section; the shale longitudinal wave velocity has a larger variation range (3.6-4.5 km/s), and the density variation range is not large (2.5-2.7 g/cm) 3 ) Accordingly, the corresponding longitudinal wave impedance has a large variation range (8.5-12.3 km/s×g/cm 3 ) The seismic reflection coefficient of shale interfaces is primarily dependent on the variation in shale wave impedance.
And S2, carrying out Fourier transform on the corresponding relation under the first-order approximation condition to obtain spectrum integration of the reflected wave.
Performing Fourier transform on the corresponding relation between the rock reservoir reflection wave function and the seismic wave function under the first-order approximation condition to obtain the spectrum integral of the reflection wave; for ultra-thin premium shale reservoirs, under its first order approximation:
wherein,is the absolute value of the reflection coefficient of the top and bottom plates of the shale reservoir.
Then, taking Fourier transform from the corresponding relation function under the first order approximation condition, and then carrying out integral transform to obtain a spectrum integral function of the reflected wave:
wherein,for reservoir thickness>Longitudinal wave velocity in shale reservoirs for seismic waves, +.>For the first order spectral integration of seismic waves +.>Is a first order spectral integration of the reflected wave.
And S3, calculating the reflection coefficient, and taking the reflection coefficient into a reservoir thickness calculation formula to obtain a calculation result.
The calculation formula of the shale reservoir thickness H deduced from the spectrum integral function of the reflected wave is as follows:
wherein, due to the existence of interference and tuning phenomena, the reflected seismic waves from the shale reservoir layer represent a composite wave pattern, so when the reflection coefficient R of the top and bottom plates of the shale reservoir layer is calculated, the factors such as an incident angle, a fluid item, a shear modulus and the like are considered, and the calculation formula of R is as follows:
where k is a constant, the value of which is related to the ratio of the propagation velocity of the seismic waves in the shale reservoir and the medium surrounding the shale reservoir,is the angle of incidence, i.e. the angle of the seismic wave from the surrounding medium to the shale reservoir interface with the horizontal direction +.>Is Gassmann fluid item, +.>For shear modulus>For reservoir media density, +.>Is shale reservoir and medium surrounding shale reservoirDifference of Gassmann fluid terms, +.>For the difference in the medium density of the shale reservoir and the surrounding medium reservoir, the +.>Is the difference in density between the shale reservoir and the medium surrounding the shale reservoir.
Constant (constant)The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
and->Longitudinal wave velocity and transverse wave velocity of seismic waves when the seismic waves propagate in a medium surrounding a shale reservoir; />And->But not the longitudinal and transverse wave velocities of seismic waves as they propagate in shale reservoirs.
And (3) bringing the reflection coefficient R into a calculation formula of the shale reservoir thickness H, and solving to obtain the reservoir thickness H.
The thickness of the shale reservoir calculated based on the method of the embodiment is compared with the actually detected thickness, and for the ultra-thin shale reservoir in the range of 1-20m, the error is not more than 2.5%, and part of experimental data are shown in the following table:
the foregoing description of the embodiments has been provided for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the invention, and is not meant to limit the scope of the invention, but to limit the invention to the particular embodiments, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. that fall within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (1)
1. A method of determining ultra-thin premium shale reservoir thickness, said method comprising the steps of:
step S1, establishing a shale reservoir seismic wave frequency inversion model, and obtaining a corresponding relation between a shale reservoir reflection wave function and a seismic wave function;
the shale reservoir has a difference with the components of surrounding rocks, and the seismic waves can cause changes in frequency, phase and amplitude when passing through the shale reservoir; if the seismic wave function isThe shale reservoir has an impulse response of +.>Then the shale reservoir reflection wave can be obtained>Correspondence with seismic wave function and shale reservoir impulse response:
；
step S2, carrying out Fourier transform on the corresponding relation under the first-order approximation condition to obtain spectrum integration of the reflected wave;
for ultra-thin premium shale reservoirs, under its first order approximation:
；
wherein,the absolute value of the reflection coefficient of the top and bottom plates of the shale reservoir;
taking Fourier transform from the corresponding relation function under the first-order approximation condition, and then carrying out integral transform to obtain a spectrum integral function of the reflected wave:
；
wherein,for reservoir thickness>Longitudinal wave velocity in shale reservoirs for seismic waves, +.>For the first order spectral integration of seismic waves +.>First-order spectrum integration for the reflected wave;
s3, calculating a reflection coefficient, and taking the reflection coefficient into a reservoir thickness calculation formula to obtain a calculation result;
the calculation formula of the shale reservoir thickness H deduced from the spectrum integral function of the reflected wave is as follows:
；
the calculation formula of the reflection coefficient R of the top and bottom plates of the shale reservoir is as follows:
；
where k is a constant, its value is on page with the seismic waveThe ratio of propagation velocities in the medium surrounding the rock reservoir and shale reservoir is related,is the angle of incidence, i.e. the angle of the seismic wave from the surrounding medium to the shale reservoir interface with the horizontal direction +.>Is Gassmann fluid item, +.>For shear modulus>For reservoir media density, +.>For the difference between shale reservoir and the Gassmann fluid term of the medium surrounding the shale reservoir, +.>For the difference in the medium density of the shale reservoir and the surrounding medium reservoir, the +.>Is the difference in density between the shale reservoir and the medium surrounding the shale reservoir;
constant (constant)The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
；
and->Longitudinal wave velocity and transverse wave velocity of seismic waves when the seismic waves propagate in a medium surrounding a shale reservoir; />And->The longitudinal wave velocity and the transverse wave velocity of the seismic waves when the seismic waves propagate in the shale reservoir are respectively;
and carrying the reflection coefficient R in, and solving to obtain the reservoir thickness H.
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