CN106033125B - The trace gather interference of compacting prestack wide-angle carries frequency method - Google Patents
The trace gather interference of compacting prestack wide-angle carries frequency method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of compacting prestack wide-angle trace gather interference of present invention offer carries frequency method, including：Step 1, towards prestack common imaging gather, analysis of data becomes feature with the increased frequency of incidence angle；Step 2, forward modeling prestack common imaging gather interference Tuning Mechanism and subangle trace gather Superposition Characteristics；Step 3, the period caused by deriving the interference between layers on stratum falls into frequency condition；Step 4, forward simulation falls into frequency feature beyond the vacation of seismic data frequency band；Step 5, the angle-data matching attribute equation of anti-alias is built based on homology；Step 6, matching attribute is solved, big angle degrees of data compressed dry is acted on and relates to tuning effect；Step 7, the prestack common imaging gather after overlap-add procedure, complete to seismic data open up frequency, carry frequency.Compacting prestack wide-angle trace gather interference carries that frequency method makes stacking image data frequency band effectively widen, dominant frequency improves, and conventional method is overcome to open up frequency in stacking image data, put forward the issuable alias of frequency and wavelet deformation problems.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to geophysical exploration Seismic Data Processing Technique fields, and it is big to especially relate to a kind of compacting prestack
Angular-trace gather interference carries frequency method.
Background technology
China's continental reservoir has the characteristics that thickness is relatively thin, spatial variations are big, can lead to seismic wave wherein
Propagation occur thin interbed interference effect.To improve the accuracy of identification of interbedded reservoir, mostly important solution is exactly
It widens seismic data frequency band, improve data dominant frequency.For the post-stack seismic data of imaging, currently used processing means have Q filters
Wave opens up the method that frequency, frequency dividing etc. widen frequency band and raising dominant frequency.Kjartansson (1979) proposes that inverse Q filtering is directed to seismic wave
Propagation with increase when walking, high-frequency energy wash one's hands attenuation and phase distortion the problem of, compensate the amplitude and phase of seismic wave, from
And the dominant frequency of seismic data is improved, (2014), remained shock etc. (2009) such as king's Jun etc. (2008), solid billows propose the improvement of method.
The application such as Sun Xi equalitys (2010), Chen Shuangquan (2015) opens up frequency method and improves seismic resolution, and this method is by seismic signal
Wavelength compressional, so as to achieve the effect that widen the frequency band of seismic data and improve seismic data dominant frequency.Yu Peng etc. (2006), Yang Gui
Auspicious grade (2006) improves seismic resolution using dividing method, and this method is carried by spectral decomposition, extraction high-frequency information to realize
The effect of high seismic data frequency.These methods have all played certain effect for improving the accuracy of identification of thin interbed, but
It need to be gone into seriously in terms of the fidelity of data.The post-stack seismic data of imaging is formed by stacking by common imaging gather, quality
Directly determine the quality of post-stack seismic data.For common imaging gather with the increase of incident angle, Seismic reflection character is gradual
Changed from high frequency to low frequency, the thin interbed interference effect of wide-angle trace gather is more apparent, after this largely affects superposition
Seismic data quality.Wide-angle trace gather interference tunning effect causes the wavelet of trace gather stacking image data to deform, frequency band becomes
Narrow, dominant frequency reduces, resolution ratio is greatly reduced.
Invention content
The object of the present invention is to provide one kind after compacting wide-angle trace gather interference tuning, then stacking image, stacking image
The wavelet feature and frequency band of data can keep low-angle trace gather feature, so as to which stacking image data frequency band be made effectively to widen, lead
The compacting prestack wide-angle trace gather interference that frequency improves carries frequency method.
The purpose of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical measures：The trace gather interference of compacting prestack wide-angle carries frequency side
Method, the frequency method that carries of compacting prestack wide-angle trace gather interference include：Step 1, towards prestack common imaging gather, analysis of data
Become feature with the increased frequency of incidence angle；Step 2, forward modeling prestack common imaging gather interference Tuning Mechanism and the superposition of subangle trace gather
Feature；Step 3, the period caused by deriving the interference between layers on stratum falls into frequency condition；Step 4, forward simulation is beyond seismic data frequency
The vacation of band falls into frequency feature；Step 5, the angle-data matching attribute equation of anti-alias is built based on homology；Step 6, solution
With the factor, act on big angle degrees of data compressed dry and relate to tuning effect；Step 7, the prestack common imaging gather after overlap-add procedure, it is complete
Pairs of seismic data opens up frequency, carries frequency.
The purpose of the present invention can be also achieved by the following technical measures：
In step 1, the lineups of prestack common imaging gather correspond to the reflective information of underground pip, with entering
The continuous increase of firing angle degree, the corresponding lineups of the corresponding pip in stratum top bottom are compressed in a narrower window scope
Interior, so as to cause tuning effect more and more apparent, when time thickness is less than quarter-wave, the top bottom interface on stratum is by nothing
Method is differentiated on prestack common imaging gather and is come.
In step 2, the time thickness on stratum reduces with the increase of incidence angle；When incidence angle is smaller, prestack angle
Degree domain trace gather can clearly tell the top bottom interface of sand body, and with being continuously increased for incident angle, sand body top bottom is corresponding
Earthquake reflected wave is gradually drawn close, and ultimately becomes a waveform, after different angle trace gather is superimposed, low-angle superposition of data resolution ratio
Highest, the resolution ratio of wide-angle superposition of data is minimum, and the resolution ratio of full angle superposition of data is placed in the middle；Due to the influence of tuning effect
Wide-angle data spectrum is caused to be moved to low frequency, and then causes resolution ratio between angle-data there are significant difference, for
Same geologic body, when stratum top base thickness degree is relatively small, it pushes up bottom reflectance signature and can occur on different angular-trace gathers
More significant change；The reflection of big angle degrees of data and low-angle data from the same point in underground, by the homology of data,
Restore the high-frequency information of wide-angle shortage of data using low-angle data, improve prestack common imaging gather and final superposition earthquake
The quality of data.
In step 3, a three layer model is designed, every layer of velocity of longitudinal wave and density are respectively α1、ρ1, α2、ρ2And α3、ρ3,
Model intermediate course top time is τ-t, and the bottom corresponding time is τ+t, and the time thickness of interlayer is Δ t=2 τ；
When seismic wave f (x) vertical incidence, interlayer top bottom back wave interferes, and forms the total wave field s of back wave：
S=s1(t-τ)+s2(t+τ) (8)
Wherein s1For interlayer top reflected wave field, s2For bottom of intermediate layer reflected wave field；
Write as the convolution form of wavelet w and reflection coefficient sequence r：
S=w* [r (t- τ)+r (t+ τ)] (9)
Frequency domain is converted it to, and asks for the power spectrum of total wave field：
S (ω)=W (ω) { r1 exp[-iω(t-τ)]+r2 exp[-iω(t+τ)]} (10)
S*(ω) S (ω)=| W (ω) |2{(r1+r2)2-4r1r2sin2(ωτ)} (11)
Wherein r1And r2Respectively interlayer top bottom reflectance factor, ω are frequency；
Assuming that interlayer top bottom reflectance factor is：r1=-r2=-r, then total wave field be：
S*(ω) S (ω)=- 4r2|W(ω)|2sin2(ωτ) (12)
When the relationship of time thickness and angular frequency meets：Δ t=2n π/ω, n=1,2, when 3 ..., there is zero in power spectrum
Point, respective frequencies are：F=n/ Δs t, n=1,2,3 ..., the zero point that this period on amplitude spectrum occurs is known as falling into frequency point.
In step 4, stratum is thinner, and sunken frequency point respective frequencies are bigger, estimates that the high-frequency information needed for formation thickness is more；
The sunken frequency that seismic data has in itself is effective information, and the inherently sunken frequency information in processing procedure in retention data is kept away simultaneously
Exempt to introduce the false frequency for falling into frequency, expansion data in the range of original frequency band should being limited to.
In steps of 5, the target letter of matching error between wide-angle seismic data and low-angle seismic data is built first
Number, then obtains a matching attribute by solving the object function, finally compensates big angle degrees of data using the matching attribute.
In steps of 5, the object function J of structure is：
J=min | | T (FSfar-Snear)||2+μR(F) (13)
Wherein, SfarFor wide-angle seismic data, SnearFor low-angle seismic data, F is matching attribute, and T is stability window letter
Number, μ are regular terms weights, and R (F) is canonical bound term.
In step 6, based on above-mentioned object function, zero phase amplitude spectrum wavelet is chosen as input data, is enabled to be asked
Two norms of matching attribute can obtain object function derivation mutually equalization factor F as canonical bound term：
F=[(TSfar)T(TSfar)+μI]-1[(TSfar)T(TSnear)] (14)
Wherein I is regularization eigenmatrix；
The factor is mutually equalized to the angle seismic data being calculated and carries out zero-phrase processing, the factor finally obtained is made
Wide-angle superposition of data is used, the seismic data after being corrected.
Compacting prestack wide-angle trace gather interference in the present invention carries frequency method, according to prestack common imaging gather feature and
Data stacking image flow, according to the data of same source, structure big angle degrees of data and low-angle Data Matching relation equation, solution
With the factor and applied to the interference tuning effect of compacting big angle degrees of data.After compacting wide-angle trace gather interference tuning, then it is superimposed
Imaging, the wavelet feature and frequency band of stacking image data can keep low-angle trace gather feature.So as to make stacking image data frequency
Band is effectively widened, dominant frequency improves.The present invention suppresses the interference tunning effect of big angle degrees of data on prestack common imaging gather, folds
Preceding common imaging gather data investigation will not generate the additive effect generated by the interference tuning of big angle degrees of data, avoid tradition
Method causes wavelet deformation, frequency band to narrow, resolution ratio reduction problem.Seismic data both has higher fidelity, it may have compared with
High resolution ratio.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the specific embodiment for carrying frequency method of the compacting prestack wide-angle trace gather interference of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of prestack common imaging gather by CB293 wells in a specific embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 3 is time thickness in the specific embodiment of the present invention with the schematic diagram of the variation of incidence angle；
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram that earthquake angular-trace gather is synthesized in the specific embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of low-angle and the amplitude spectrum of big angle degrees of data in a specific embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of three layer model in a specific embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 7 is signal of the stratum interference with falling into frequency when stratum time thickness is 25ms in a specific embodiment of the invention
Figure；
Fig. 8 is signal of the stratum interference with falling into frequency when stratum time thickness is 50ms in a specific embodiment of the invention
Figure；
Fig. 9 is the schematic diagram of stratum Interference Model in a specific embodiment of the invention；
Figure 10 is the schematic diagram of interference false sunken frequency model in stratum in a specific embodiment of the invention；
Figure 11 is the schematic diagram that the northern 84 well low-angle superposition of data of the field of razor clam are crossed in the specific embodiment of the present invention；
Figure 12 is the schematic diagram that the northern 84 well before processing wide-angle superposition of data of the field of razor clam are crossed in the specific embodiment of the present invention；
Figure 13 is the schematic diagram that wide-angle superposition of data after field of razor clam Bei84Jing is handled is crossed in the specific embodiment of the present invention；
Figure 14 is that field of razor clam Bei84Jing wide-angle superposition of data amplitude spectrums before and after the processing are crossed in the specific embodiment of the present invention
Schematic diagram；
Figure 15 is the schematic diagram for crossing the full trace gather stacked sections of CB293 in a specific embodiment of the invention before matching treatment；
Figure 16 is the schematic diagram for crossing the full trace gather stacked sections of CB293 in a specific embodiment of the invention after matching treatment.
Specific embodiment
For enable the present invention above and other objects, features and advantages be clearer and more comprehensible, it is cited below particularly go out preferable implementation
Example, and coordinate shown in attached drawing, it is described in detail below.
As shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 1 is the flow charts for carrying frequency method of the compacting prestack wide-angle trace gather interference of the present invention.
Step 101：Towards prestack common imaging gather, analysis of data becomes feature with the increased frequency of incidence angle；
Earthquake pre-stack seismic common imaging gather is influenced by tuning interference, leads to stratum time thickness with incidence angle
Change and change, result from the related frequency missing of incidence angle, and then cause the distortion of amplitude, frequency, wave character.Prestack is total to
The lineups of image gather correspond to the reflective information of underground pip, with the continuous increase of incident angle, stratum top
The corresponding lineups of the corresponding pip in bottom are compressed in a narrower window scope, so as to cause tuning effect increasingly
Significantly, when time thickness is less than quarter-wave, the top bottom interface on stratum will be unable to divide on prestack common imaging gather
It distinguishes and comes.Fig. 2 be CB293 well bypass road earthquake prestack common imaging gathers, at 2s, when incidence angle is smaller, instantaneous frequency compared with
Greatly, stratum top bottom can separate；And when incidence angle is larger, instantaneous frequency is smaller, the stratum corresponding lineups of top bottom interface by
It gradually draws close, resolution ratio is relatively low.Prestack common imaging gather is different from the mechanism that the tuning effect in poststack section generates, and poststack cuts open
The tuning effect in face is since the actual (real) thickness on stratum is less than quarter-wave and causes stratum that can not divide on seismic profile
It distinguishes, and prestack common imaging gather is then since with the increase of incident angle, between stratum, thickness reduces, so as to cause entering
Apparent tuning effect is generated when firing angle is larger.
Step 102：Forward modeling prestack common imaging gather interferes Tuning Mechanism and subangle trace gather Superposition Characteristics；
For this phenomenon of relatively sharp description, its formation mechenism is studied, according to survey region interval of interest earthquake number
According to geophysical character, devise corresponding mathematics model (as shown in Figure 3), by forward simulation prestack trace gather time thickness with
The variation characteristic of incidence angle.
V in Fig. 3P、VS, Rho represent well velocity of longitudinal wave, shear wave velocity and density respectively, in the design parameter such as figure on each stratum
It is shown.Fig. 3 describes variation characteristic of the sand body top bottom time thickness with incidence angle, it can be seen from the figure that the time on stratum is thick
Degree reduces with the increase of incidence angle.Work as incidence angle it can be seen from synthesis pre-stack seismic angle domain trace gather (as shown in Figure 4)
When smaller, prestack angle domain trace gather can clearly tell the top bottom interface of sand body；And being continuously increased with incident angle,
The corresponding earthquake reflected wave in sand body top bottom is gradually drawn close, and ultimately becomes a waveform.Therefore, after different angle trace gather is superimposed,
Low-angle superposition of data resolution ratio highest, the resolution ratio of wide-angle superposition of data is minimum, and the resolution ratio of full angle superposition of data occupies
In.Fig. 5 is the low-angle partial stack data and wide-angle partial stack data spectrum assembled according to model prestack road, is passed through
Spectral contrast can be seen that since the influence of tuning effect causes wide-angle data spectrum to be moved to low frequency, and then cause angle
There are significant differences for resolution ratio between data.Therefore, for same geologic body, when stratum top, base thickness degree is relatively small
When, it, which pushes up bottom reflectance signature, on different angular-trace gathers can occur more significant change, the main reason is that wide-angle
Sand body top bottom interface back wave interferes in shake data, causes wide-angle data wave deformation " width ", earthquake has been dragged down after superposition
The resolution ratio of data.
The reflection of big angle degrees of data and low-angle data from the same point in underground, if by the homology of data, profit
Restore the high-frequency information of wide-angle shortage of data with low-angle data, prestack common imaging gather and final superposition will be effectively improved
The quality of seismic data.
Step 103：Period caused by deriving the interference between layers on stratum falls into frequency condition；
Restore the high-frequency information of wide-angle shortage of data using low-angle data, open up frequency with others, carry as frequency method,
It should be noted that the sunken frequency phenomenon of seismic data, avoids the occurrence of alias.Caused by the sunken frequency phenomenon of seismic data can be divided into geology
Intrinsic to fall into frequently and handle the artificial sunken frequency introduced, spectral factorization estimates that stratum time thickness is exactly that stratum interference is utilized in earthquake money
The sunken frequency information generated in material.Further to analyze sunken frequency phenomenon Producing reason, as shown in fig. 6, devising three layers of mould
Type, every layer of velocity of longitudinal wave and density are respectively α1、ρ1, α2、ρ2And α3、ρ3, model intermediate course top time be τ-t, bottom pair
The time answered is τ+t, and the time thickness of interlayer is Δ t=2 τ.
When seismic wave f (x) vertical incidence, interlayer top bottom back wave interferes, and forms the total wave field of back wave：
S=s1(t-τ)+s2(t+τ) (15)
Write as the convolution form of wavelet w and reflection coefficient sequence r：
S=w* [r (t- τ)+r (t+ τ)] (16)
Frequency domain is converted it to, and asks for the power spectrum of total wave field：
S (ω)=W (ω) { r1 exp[-iω(t-τ)]+r2 exp[-iω(t+τ)]} (17)
S*(ω) S (ω)=| W (ω) |2{(r1+r2)2-4r1r2sin2(ωτ)} (18)
Assuming that interlayer top bottom reflectance factor is：r1=-r2=-r, then total wave field be：
S*(ω) S (ω)=- 4r2|W(ω)|2sin2(ωτ) (19)
When the relationship of time thickness and angular frequency meets：Δ t=2n π/ω, n=1,2, when 3 ..., there is zero in power spectrum
Point, respective frequencies are：F=n/ Δs t, n=1,2,3 ..., the zero point that this period on amplitude spectrum occurs is known as falling into frequency point,
The main reason is that the interference effect of stratum top bottom interface back wave.
Step 104：Forward simulation falls into frequency feature beyond the vacation of seismic data frequency band；
Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 intuitively understands stratum time thickness with falling into the correspondence of frequency point, Fig. 7 (a) in data amplitudes spectrum
It is that time-domain seismic wave waveform, Fig. 7 (b) and Fig. 8 (b) are composed for data amplitudes with Fig. 8 (a), it can be seen that when stratum time thickness
Frequency point is fallen into during for 25ms, in amplitude spectrum, and 40Hz locates again, and when time thickness is 50ms, sunken frequency point is at 20,40,60Hz.It gets on stratum
Thin, sunken frequency point respective frequencies are bigger, estimate that the high-frequency information needed for formation thickness is more.
It, can by above-mentioned analysis it is found that caused by the sunken frequency information that seismic data contains in itself is subsurface formations response
It is estimated for formation thickness.However, the processing of seismic data frequency band is widened it is possible that introducing alias.Fig. 9 (a) illustrates single interface
Corresponding seismic wave waveform, (b) are the amplitude spectrum of the data.The dominant frequency of the data be 20Hz, high cut-off frequency to 60Hz.
Data in Fig. 9 (a) are opened up with frequency to handle, excessively to pursue high frequency, and frequency ranges of data is widened into 100Hz, Fig. 9
(b) for treated, data amplitudes are composed, and frequency ranges of data widens 100Hz, shown in corresponding data waveform such as Figure 10 (a), can see
Into waveform, more two lineups, form false interface response, can cause the geologic interpretation of mistake.What seismic data had in itself
Frequency is fallen into as effective information, inherently sunken frequency information that will be as possible in retention data in processing procedure, while to avoid drawing as far as possible
Enter the false frequency for falling into frequency, expansion data in the range of original frequency band should being limited to.
Step 105：The angle-data matching attribute equation of anti-alias is built based on homology；
High-frequency information based on homologous low-angle data compensates big angle degrees of data, needs to establish between angular-trace gather
Matching relationship.Firstly the need of structure wide-angle seismic data and low-angle seismic data between matching error object function,
Then a matching attribute is obtained by solving the object function, finally compensates big angle degrees of data using the matching attribute.The mistake
Journey is similar to inversion method, has inadaptability, in order to improve the stability of object function solution, needs to draw in object function
Enter regularization constraint item, establish following object function：
J=min | | T (FSfar-Snear)||2+μR(F) (20)
Wherein, SfarFor wide-angle seismic data, SnearFor low-angle seismic data, F is matching attribute, and T is stability window letter
Number, μ are regular terms weights, and R (F) is canonical bound term.
Step 106：Matching attribute is solved, big angle degrees of data compressed dry is acted on and relates to tuning effect；
Based on above-mentioned object function, selection seismic channel set is input data, realizes two kinds of matchings between data track and road,
But since seismic channel set data contain noise and sunken frequency information, the unstable of match information can be led to.For this purpose, choose zero phase
Position amplitude spectrum wavelet is as input data, and seismic wavelet can either effectively reflect the frequecy characteristic of seismic data, and with steady
Fixed waveform and frequency spectrum.Enable two norms of matching attribute to be asked that can be obtained as canonical bound term, and to object function derivation
To the mutual equalization factor：
F=[(TSfar)T(TSfar)+μI]-1[(TSfar)T(TSnear)] (21)
In order to make that treated, seismic data phase remains unchanged, the angle seismic data being calculated mutually is equalized because
Son carries out zero-phrase processing.The factor finally obtained is applied to wide-angle superposition of data, so that it may the earthquake number after being corrected
According to.In this course, it is true seismic data for matched low-angle data, matching attribute is by big angle degrees of data phase therewith
It closes, is not in the situation beyond low-angle data spectrum frequency range, do not introduce false fall into frequently.
Step 107：Prestack common imaging gather after overlap-add procedure, complete to seismic data open up frequency, carry frequency.
To actual seismic pre stack data tentative calculation, Figure 11, Figure 12, Figure 13 were respectively the low-angle partial stack number of CB84 wells
Wide-angle partial stack data and treated wide-angle partial stack data according to, before processing, as seen from the figure, before processing
Wide-angle data resolution is relatively low, and treated that wide-angle data resolution has obtained apparent improvement, with low-angle part
Superposition of data is suitable.Figure 14 was the amplitude spectrum of the wide-angle partial stack data of CB84 wells before and after the processing, can be with by comparison
Finding out treated, wide-angle seismic data high-frequency information has obtained effective recovery, preferably maintains original sunken frequency point,
And it is not introduced into new sunken frequency.Figure 15, Figure 16 were that CB293 wells handle forward and backward full trace gather superposition of data, it can be seen that are divided after processing
Resolution significantly improves, suitable with the low-angle data on Figure 11 common imaging gathers left side.
Seismic data is realized by above-mentioned flow and maintains the waveform of pre-stack data low-angle trace gather, amplitude characteristic, is opened up
It opened up frequency band, improved dominant frequency, it is with obvious effects.This method with currently used poststack data open up frequency, put forward frequency processing method compared with,
With waveform, hi-fi of amplitude, false sunken frequency is not introduced, information is relatively reliable.
Claims (7)
1. the trace gather interference of compacting prestack wide-angle carries frequency method, which is characterized in that this method includes：
Step 1, towards prestack common imaging gather, analysis seismic data becomes feature with the increased frequency of incidence angle；
Step 2, forward modeling prestack common imaging gather interference Tuning Mechanism and subangle trace gather Superposition Characteristics；
Step 3, the period caused by deriving the interference between layers on stratum falls into frequency condition；
Step 4, forward simulation falls into frequency feature beyond the vacation of seismic data frequency band；
Step 5, the angle Seismic Data Match Factor Equations of anti-alias are built based on homology；
Step 6, matching attribute is solved, acts on wide-angle trace gather compacting interference tuning effect；
Step 7, the prestack common imaging gather after overlap-add procedure, complete to seismic data open up frequency, carry frequency；
In step 3, a three layer model is designed, every layer of velocity of longitudinal wave and density are respectively α1、ρ1, α2、ρ2And α3、ρ3, model
Intermediate course top time is τ-t, and the bottom corresponding time is τ+t, and the time thickness of interlayer is Δ t=2 τ；
Wherein τ is half of the seismic wave when intermediate course is travelled；
When seismic wave f (x) vertical incidence, interlayer top bottom back wave interferes, and forms the total wave field s of back wave：
S=s1(t-τ)+s2(t+τ) (1)
Wherein s1For interlayer top reflected wave field, s2For bottom of intermediate layer reflected wave field；
Write as the convolution form of wavelet w and reflection coefficient sequence r：
S=w* [r (t- τ)+r (t+ τ)] (2)
Frequency domain is converted it to, and asks for the power spectrum of total wave field：
S (ω)=W (ω) { r1exp[-iω(t-τ)]+r2exp[-iω(t+τ)]} (3)
Wherein W (ω) is wavelet；
S*(ω) S (ω)=| W (ω) |2{(r1+r2)2-4r1r2sin2(ωτ)} (4)
Wherein S*The conjugation wave field of (ω) for S (ω), r1And r2Respectively interlayer top bottom reflectance factor, ω are frequency；
Assuming that interlayer top bottom reflectance factor is：r1=-r2=-r, then total wave field be：
S*(ω) S (ω)=- 4r2|W(ω)|2sin2(ωτ) (5)
When the relationship of time thickness and angular frequency meets：△ t=2n π/ω, n=1,2, when 3 ..., there is zero point in power spectrum,
Respective frequencies are：F=n/ Δs t, n=1,2,3 ..., the zero point that this period on amplitude spectrum occurs is known as falling into frequency point.
2. compacting prestack wide-angle trace gather interference according to claim 1 carries frequency method, which is characterized in that in step 1
In, the lineups of prestack common imaging gather correspond to the reflective information of underground pip, with the continuous increasing of incident angle
Greatly, the corresponding lineups of the corresponding pip in stratum top bottom are compressed in a narrower window scope, so as to cause to tune
Effect is more and more apparent, and when time thickness is less than quarter-wave, the top bottom interface on stratum will be unable to be imaged altogether in prestack
It differentiates and comes in point trace gather.
3. compacting prestack wide-angle trace gather interference according to claim 1 carries frequency method, which is characterized in that in step 2
In, the time thickness on stratum reduces with the increase of incidence angle；When incidence angle is smaller, prestack angle domain trace gather can be clear
The top bottom interface for telling sand body, with being continuously increased for incident angle, the corresponding earthquake reflected wave in sand body top bottom gradually leans on
Hold together, ultimately become a waveform, after different angle trace gather is superimposed, low-angle superposition of data resolution ratio highest, wide-angle superposition
The resolution ratio of data is minimum, and the resolution ratio of full angle superposition of data is placed in the middle；Since the influence of tuning effect leads to wide-angle trace gather
Frequency spectrum is moved to low frequency, and then causes the resolution ratio between angle seismic data there are significant difference, for same geology
Body, when stratum top base thickness degree is relatively small, it pushes up bottom reflectance signature and can occur more significantly on different angular-trace gathers
Variation；The reflection of wide-angle trace gather and low-angle seismic data from the same point in underground, by the homology of data, utilization is small
Angle seismic data restores the high-frequency information of wide-angle trace gather missing, improves prestack common imaging gather and final superposition earthquake number
According to quality.
4. compacting prestack wide-angle trace gather interference according to claim 1 carries frequency method, which is characterized in that in step 4
In, stratum is thinner, and sunken frequency point respective frequencies are bigger, estimates that the high-frequency information needed for formation thickness is more；Seismic data has in itself
The sunken frequency having is effective information, the inherently sunken frequency information in seismic data is retained in processing procedure, while avoid introducing false fall into
Frequently, the frequency that seismic data is expanded in the range of original frequency band should be limited to.
5. compacting prestack wide-angle trace gather interference according to claim 1 carries frequency method, which is characterized in that in step 5
In, the object function of matching error between wide-angle seismic data and low-angle seismic data is built first, then passes through solution
The object function obtains a matching attribute, finally compensates wide-angle trace gather using the matching attribute.
6. compacting prestack wide-angle trace gather interference according to claim 5 carries frequency method, which is characterized in that in step 5
In, the object function J of structure is：
J=min | | T (FSfar-Snear)||2+μR(F) (6)
Wherein, SfarFor wide-angle seismic data, SnearFor low-angle seismic data, F is matching attribute, and T is stablizes window function, μ
It is regular terms weights, R (F) is canonical bound term.
7. compacting prestack wide-angle trace gather interference according to claim 5 carries frequency method, which is characterized in that in step 5
In, based on above-mentioned object function, zero phase amplitude spectrum wavelet is chosen as input data, enables two norms of matching attribute to be asked
As canonical bound term, and it can obtain mutually equalization factor F to object function derivation：
F=[(TSfar)T(TSfar)+μI]-1[(TSfar)T(TSnear)] (7)
Wherein I is regularization eigenmatrix；
The factor is mutually equalized to the angle seismic data being calculated and carries out zero-phrase processing, the factor finally obtained is applied to
The superposition of data of wide-angle trace gather, the seismic data after being corrected.
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