CN104280773B - Using the time-frequency spectrum changed with geophone offset cross figure predict thickness of thin layer method - Google Patents
Using the time-frequency spectrum changed with geophone offset cross figure predict thickness of thin layer method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention is the method using the figure prediction thickness of thin layer that crosses with the time-frequency spectrum of geophone offset change, time-frequency spectral factorization is carried out to road collection and obtains 3D data volumes, selects nearly geophone offset remote geophone offset scope and time window length with；Data are taken out with the frequency of integral multiple the time-frequency spectral sequence to form nearly geophone offset and in remote geophone offset time-frequency spectral sequence and crossed, form the time-frequency spectrum changed with geophone offset and cross figure；First carry out synthesizing with well data the Seismic forward road collection of different thickness of thin layer, crossed figure with the time-frequency spectrum for just drilling road collection；The time-frequency spectrum of field road collection is crossed and figure and is just being drilled the time-frequency spectrum figure that crosses of road collection and is contrasted, so as to obtain the thickness of thin layer of underground medium.The present invention provides a kind of new method less than quarter-wave thin layer for thickness prediction.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to seismic exploration technique field, belong in seismic data process it is a kind of using change with geophone offset when
Frequency spectrum cross figure predict thickness of thin layer method.
Background technology
Thin layer is one of important goal of seismic prospecting.For thickness is more than quarter-wave thin layer, people can
The thickness of thin layer is predicted accurately.But for thickness is less than quarter-wave thin layer, people are try to difference
Method being predicted.
It is divided into seismic properties skill currently with main method of the forecast for seismic data thickness less than quarter-wave thin layer
The technical methods such as art, seismic inversion, Spectral Decomposition Technique and rim detection.These methods are using seismic amplitude, frequency spectrum and comprehensive
The relation for closing seismic properties etc. to set up and thickness of thin layer between.These methods require certain premise and condition in theory：
Some methods are based on convolution model, do not account for the contribution of interbed multiple and converted wave to reflected amplitude；Some methods are assumed
Thin layer top/bottom interface reflection coefficient is equivalent and reversed polarity；Some methods require fixed mode incident wavelet etc..Therefore,
There is certain restriction in actual applications in these methods.
The content of the invention
Present invention aim at providing a kind of prediction thickness of thin layer in the case where thickness is less than quarter-wave situation
Method.
The present invention is realized by following steps：
1) p-wave source earthquake-wave-exciting is utilized in the wild and record seismic wave using cymoscope, conventionally shake data
Handling process carries out the high-fidelity of relative amplitude holding and processes to the data for gathering, and forms amplitude variation with Offset (AVO)
Road collection (2D data) after normal-moveout correction (NMO)；
2) to step 1) road collection that formed carries out time-frequency spectral factorization and obtains the corresponding time-frequency spectrum data volume of road collection (3D data)；
(such as being decomposed with methods such as generalized S-transform or wavelet transformations)；
3) according to purpose layer depth, select nearly geophone offset remote geophone offset scope with；
The nearly geophone offset of described selection and in remote geophone offset scope be：Big gun inspection is obtained divided by purpose layer depth by geophone offset
Away from/depth ratio, when this ratio is less than 0.4, it is nearly geophone offset；It is when this ratio is between 0.4 and 1.2, remote in being
Geophone offset.
4) the frequency spectrum dominant frequency according to target zone echo, selects time window length；
The half of the frequency spectrum dominant frequency corresponding wavelength of layer echo for the purpose of described time window length.
5) in the range of the effective spectrum of target zone echo, select the frequency of 5Hz or 10Hz integral multiples；
6) according to near, far geophone offset scope, time window length and the frequency for 3), 4) He 5) determining, by time-frequency spectrum data volume
Interior corresponding data are taken out, and form the time-frequency spectral sequence of time-frequency spectral sequence remote geophone offset with of nearly geophone offset；
7）The nearly time-frequency spectral sequence of geophone offset time-frequency spectral sequence of remote geophone offset with is crossed, and is formed with geophone offset
The time-frequency spectrum of change crosses figure；
8）First carried out synthesizing the Seismic forward road collection of different thickness of thin layer with well data, use 2) to 6) the step of just drilled
The time-frequency spectrum of road collection crosses figure；The time-frequency spectrum of field road collection is crossed and figure and is just being drilled the time-frequency spectrum figure that crosses of road collection and is contrasted,
So as to obtain the thickness of thin layer of underground medium.
Described well data contains the information such as formation thickness, density of earth formations, velocity of longitudinal wave and shear wave velocity.
The present invention be from nearly geophone offset and in the time-frequency spectrum of remote geophone offset cross on figure to determine thickness of thin layer, be pre- thickness measuring
Degree provides a kind of new method less than quarter-wave thin layer.Therefore, in terms of seismic data interpretation and reservoir prediction
Have broad application prospects.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 thin film models.Totally 3 layers, model parameter is shown in figure.
Fig. 2 is that different-thickness thin layer just drills AVO road collections.A the road collection that 2 meter of () thickness of thin layer；4 meters of (b) thickness of thin layer
Road collection；C the road collection that 8 meter of () thickness of thin layer.
Fig. 3 is time-frequency spectrum data volume schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 be nearly geophone offset and in the time-frequency spectrum of remote geophone offset cross figure.The figure that crosses of (a) frequency 20Hz；(b) frequency
The figure that crosses of 30Hz；The figure that crosses of (c) frequency 40Hz；The figure that crosses of (d) frequency 50Hz.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
1) p-wave source earthquake-wave-exciting is utilized in the wild and record seismic wave using cymoscope, conventionally shake data
Handling process carries out the high-fidelity of relative amplitude holding and processes to the data for gathering, and forms amplitude variation with Offset (AVO)
Road collection (2D data) after normal-moveout correction (NMO).It is 2 meters, 4 meters and 8 meters models (Fig. 1) of thickness of thin layer respectively in Fig. 2
Road collection is just being drilled, is replacing the road collection after the normal-moveout correction (NMO) in field；
2) time-frequency spectral factorization is carried out to road collection (2D data) using time-frequency Decomposition, respectively obtain 2 meters of thickness of thin layer, 4
The time-frequency spectrum data volume (Fig. 3) of rice and 8 meters of three road collections.Time-frequency spectrum data volume is a 3D data volume, increased a frequency
Dimension；
3) according to 1000 meters of target zone in model (thin layer) depth, the geophone offset/depth ratio of nearly geophone offset is less than 0.4, institute
To select nearly geophone offset scope 0-200 rice, totally 5 track data.In remote geophone offset geophone offset/depth ratio between 0.4 and 1.2 it
Between, so remote geophone offset scope 900-1100 rice in selecting, totally 5 track data；
4) target zone frequency spectrum dominant frequency is 45Hz or so, and corresponding wavelength is 22 milliseconds, therefore selects 10 milliseconds of time window length（When
Window length is the half of corresponding wavelength, takes even number）；
5) the effective spectrum scope of target zone echo is 4-57Hz, therefore the frequency of selection 10Hz integral multiples is 10,20,
30,40,50Hz；
If effective spectral range is 6-53Hz, the frequency for selecting 5Hz integral multiples is 10,15,20,25,30,35,40,45,
50Hz。
6) according to near, far geophone offset scope, time window length and the frequency for 3), 4) He 5) determining, by time-frequency spectrum data volume
Corresponding data are taken out, formed 2 meters of thickness of thin layer, the time-frequency spectral sequence of the nearly geophone offset of 4 meters and 8 meters three road collections and in it is remote
The time-frequency spectral sequence of geophone offset；
7) with the time-frequency spectral sequence of nearly geophone offset as abscissa, in remote geophone offset time-frequency spectral sequence as vertical coordinate, by layer
The nearly geophone offset of thick 2 meters, 4 meters and 8 meters three road collections and in the time-frequency spectral sequence of remote geophone offset crossed, formation crosses figure
(Fig. 4) 20,30,40, the 50Hz figure that crosses, is listed here；
8) different thickness of thin layer can be clearlyed distinguish by the figure that crosses.As, in this example, the thickness of thin layer is, it is known that be not required to
Well log interpretation thickness that will be from known well location is demarcated to the figure that crosses.
Present example：
The thin film model that I is set up in Fig. 1；
II is just drilled to the model in Fig. 1, obtains the road collection of Fig. 2；
III carries out time-frequency spectral factorization to the road collection of Fig. 2, and (Fig. 3 is that time-frequency spectrum data volume is illustrated to obtain time-frequency spectrum data volume
Figure).
IV will be counted in time-frequency spectrum data volume accordingly according to the near, far geophone offset scope, time window length and frequency for determining
According to taking out, formed nearly geophone offset time-frequency spectral sequence and in remote geophone offset time-frequency spectral sequence, with nearly geophone offset and in remote big gun
Examine away from time-frequency spectral sequence crossed, formation crosses figure (Fig. 4).The present invention be can be seen that by the figure that crosses clearly to divide
Distinguish different thickness of thin layer.
Claims (5)
1. it is a kind of using with geophone offset change time-frequency spectrum cross figure predict thickness of thin layer method, feature is to adopt following steps
Realize：
1) p-wave source earthquake-wave-exciting is utilized in the wild and record seismic wave using cymoscope, conventionally seismic data processing
Flow process carries out the high-fidelity of relative amplitude holding and processes to the data for gathering, and forms the NMO (normal moveout) school of amplitude variation with Offset
Road collection 2D data after just；
2) to step 1) road collection that formed carries out time-frequency spectral factorization and obtains the corresponding time-frequency spectrum data volume data of road collection；
3) according to purpose layer depth, select nearly geophone offset remote geophone offset scope with；
4) the frequency spectrum dominant frequency according to target zone echo, selects time window length；
5) in the range of the effective spectrum of target zone echo, select the frequency of 5Hz or 10Hz integral multiples；
6) according to step 3), step 4) and step 5) the near, far geophone offset scope, time window length and the frequency that determine, by time-frequency
In modal data body, corresponding data are taken out, and form the time-frequency spectral sequence of time-frequency spectral sequence remote geophone offset with of nearly geophone offset；
7) the nearly time-frequency spectral sequence of geophone offset time-frequency spectral sequence of remote geophone offset with is crossed, and is formed and is changed with geophone offset
Time-frequency spectrum cross figure；
8) first carried out synthesizing the Seismic forward road collection of different thickness of thin layer with well data, with step 2) to 6) the step of just drilled
The time-frequency spectrum of road collection crosses figure；The time-frequency spectrum of field road collection is crossed and figure and is just being drilled the time-frequency spectrum figure that crosses of road collection and is contrasted,
So as to obtain the thickness of thin layer of underground medium.
2. method according to claim 1, feature is step 2) described in time-frequency spectral factorization generalized S-transform or wavelet transformation side
Method.
3. method according to claim 1, feature is step 3) described in the nearly geophone offset of selection and in remote geophone offset scope be：By
Geophone offset obtains geophone offset/depth ratio divided by purpose layer depth, when this ratio is less than 0.4, is nearly geophone offset；When this ratio
When value is between 0.4 and 1.2, remote geophone offset in being.
4. method according to claim 1, feature is step 4) described in time window length for the purpose of layer echo frequency spectrum dominant frequency
The half of corresponding wavelength.
5. method according to claim 1, feature is step 8) described in well data contain formation thickness, density of earth formations, compressional wave
Speed and shear wave velocity information.
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| CN104898164B (en) * | 2015-03-23 | 2017-10-17 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | A kind of thin tight reservoir earthquake prediction method based on the micro- change analysis of seismic phase |
| CN106772598B (en) * | 2016-12-12 | 2018-04-17 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Utilize the method for receiver function periodic measurement sedimentary formation time thickness |
| CN107272064A (en) * | 2017-07-18 | 2017-10-20 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | The depicting method of carbonate rock fractured cave body internal structure |
| CN109188520B (en) * | 2018-09-17 | 2020-05-08 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Thin reservoir thickness prediction method and device |
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| US6243650B1 (en) * | 1998-09-11 | 2001-06-05 | Diamond Geoscience Research Corporation | Method of determining net reservoir thickness |
| CN102109613A (en) * | 2009-12-23 | 2011-06-29 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Method for defining effective thickness of target reservoir bed under complex geological conditions |
| CN102478668A (en) * | 2010-11-30 | 2012-05-30 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Method for applying seismic multiattribute parameters to predicting coal seam thickness |
| CN102508295A (en) * | 2011-10-28 | 2012-06-20 | 西安交通大学 | Earthquake stratum thickness variation analysis method |
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| US6243650B1 (en) * | 1998-09-11 | 2001-06-05 | Diamond Geoscience Research Corporation | Method of determining net reservoir thickness |
| CN102109613A (en) * | 2009-12-23 | 2011-06-29 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Method for defining effective thickness of target reservoir bed under complex geological conditions |
| CN102478668A (en) * | 2010-11-30 | 2012-05-30 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Method for applying seismic multiattribute parameters to predicting coal seam thickness |
| CN102508295A (en) * | 2011-10-28 | 2012-06-20 | 西安交通大学 | Earthquake stratum thickness variation analysis method |
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| Quantitative thickness estimates from the spectral response of AVO measurements;Ethan J. Nowak 等;《Geophysics》;20080229;第73卷(第1期);第C1-C6页 * |
| 薄层反射波非零炮检距的属性特征;蔡希玲 等;《石油地球物理勘探》;20070630;第42卷(第3期);第277-282,321页 * |
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