CN102107852B - Semiconductor nano structure and manufacturing method and application thereof - Google Patents

Semiconductor nano structure and manufacturing method and application thereof Download PDF

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CN102107852B
CN102107852B CN 200910312160 CN200910312160A CN102107852B CN 102107852 B CN102107852 B CN 102107852B CN 200910312160 CN200910312160 CN 200910312160 CN 200910312160 A CN200910312160 A CN 200910312160A CN 102107852 B CN102107852 B CN 102107852B
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semiconductor
buffer layer
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silicon substrate
single crystal
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CN102107852A (en
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刘洪刚
刘新宇
吴德馨
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Beijing Zhongke Micro Investment Management Co ltd
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Institute of Microelectronics of CAS
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种半导体纳米结构和制造方法及其应用,属于半导体材料制备技术领域。所述半导体纳米结构包括单晶硅衬底、介质薄膜、第一缓冲层、半导体籽晶材料、第二缓冲层和半导体纳米功能区;所述介质薄膜形成于所述单晶硅衬底上;所述单晶硅衬底上具有图形化窗口,所述第一缓冲层形成于所述图形化窗口中的单晶硅衬底上,所述半导体籽晶材料层形成于所述第一缓冲层上;所述第二缓冲层和半导体纳米功能区形成于所述介质薄膜上。本发明半导体纳米结构在硅衬底上集成生长时,其载流子迁移率、几何特征与异质结构都能满足高性能CMOS技术与硅基光电集成的要求。

Figure 200910312160

The invention relates to a semiconductor nanostructure, a manufacturing method and an application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of semiconductor material preparation. The semiconductor nanostructure includes a single crystal silicon substrate, a dielectric thin film, a first buffer layer, a semiconductor seed material, a second buffer layer and a semiconductor nano functional area; the dielectric thin film is formed on the single crystal silicon substrate; There is a patterned window on the single crystal silicon substrate, the first buffer layer is formed on the single crystal silicon substrate in the patterned window, and the semiconductor seed material layer is formed on the first buffer layer above; the second buffer layer and the semiconductor nano-function area are formed on the dielectric thin film. When the semiconductor nanostructure of the present invention is integrated and grown on a silicon substrate, its carrier mobility, geometric characteristics and heterogeneous structure can all meet the requirements of high-performance CMOS technology and silicon-based optoelectronic integration.

Figure 200910312160

Description

Nanometer semiconductor structure and manufacture method and application thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to semiconductor applications, relate in particular to a kind of nanometer semiconductor structure and manufacture method and application thereof.
Background technology
In the past in four more than ten years, the silicon base CMOS technology improves performance by down feature sizes, yet when semiconductor technology evolves after nanoscale, the silicon integrated circuit technology is approached its technological limit day by day, and the performance that adopts new material and new construction to promote CMOS has become an important directions of continuity Moore's Law.
Aspect new material, adopting the high mobility channel material is the effective ways that improve the transistor saturation drive current, shorten the grid delay time, and can extend the service life of integrated circuit production line.The room temperature electron mobility of III-V family semi-conducting material is approximately 6-60 times of silicon, has very excellent electron transport performance; And the III-V family semiconductor that has direct band gap is fit to make photoelectric device very much.For the semi-conductive good characteristic of industrial advantage and III-V family in conjunction with si-substrate integrated circuit, integrated growth III-V family semi-conducting material will be the integrated ideal chose of high-performance III-V family's semiconductor CMOS technology and silicon based opto-electronics on silicon substrate.Yet, there are lattice constant mismatch, coefficient of thermal expansion mismatch and crystal structure mismatch between silicon substrate and III-V family semi-conducting material, be difficult to the III-V family semiconductor epitaxial layers of growing high-quality on silicon substrate.Lattice constant mismatch will be introduced a large amount of dislocations and defective in the hetero-epitaxy process; Thermal expansion coefficient difference will cause thermal mismatching, produce thermal stress in the temperature-fall period after high growth temperature, thereby the defect concentration increase of epitaxial layer is even cracked; The crystal structure mismatch often causes reverse farmland problem.The work of heteroepitaxial growth III-V family semi-conducting material mainly launches around solving these three kinds of mismatch problems on silicon substrate.At present method relatively more commonly used is to utilize epitaxy technology certain flexible intermediate layer of growing, and the defective that lattice mismatch is produced is confined in flexible layer, and then the extension graded buffer layer, thereby obtains high-quality III-V family semiconductor epitaxial layers.This method needs that the thicker flexible layers of general several micron and cushion obtain fabricating low-defect-density III-V family semiconductor lamella, thus cause the extension cost high, and also incompatible with the traditional cmos planar technology.a kind of new technology that developed recently gets up at patterned silicon substrate surface heteroepitaxial growth III-V family semi-conducting material, limit dislocation by the depth-width ratio (54.7 ° of h/w>tan) of selecting figure medium window and expand to the semi-conductive upper surface of III-V family, yet as shown in Figure 1, Fig. 1 is prior art III-V family semi-conducting material 104 dislocation expansion and the structural representation that stops during selective area epitaxial growth on (100) silicon substrate 101 of patterned media 102, its surface always is not parallel to the surface of substrate when selective area epitaxial growth, near [001] crystal orientation that produces because of surface undulation during the crystal growth dislocation 105 can not effectively be eliminated.In case these dislocations expand to the active area of device, will significantly reduce the mobility of carrier and the yield rate of integrated circuit.
Aspect new device structure, adopt the on-plane surface multi-grid structure can effectively suppress transistorized short channel effect.When being contracted to 20 nanometer along with transistorized grid length, the channel thickness of conventional planar MOS device requires to be reduced to 6 nanometers (grid long 1/3rd) and improves the Sub-Threshold Characteristic of device and the on-off ratio of electric current, yet, adopt existing integrated circuit fabrication process to realize that the following ultra-thin raceway groove of 10 nanometers is very difficult.Although adopt the device architecture of novel bigrid (FinFET) or three grids (Tri-Gate) channel thickness can be increased to 2 times of left and right of single gated device, the Fin type structure of these devices is very difficult to make.For example, for the bigrid MOS device (FinFET) that a grid length is 16 nanometers, the width of Fin is only 10 nanometers, and requires depth-width ratio greater than 5 geometric properties, and this has challenge concerning existing photoetching technique and plasma etching technology.And, as shown in Figure 2, Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the prior art III-V semiconductor FinFET of family element manufacturing on the lattice mismatch cushion, the raceway groove 205 of the traditional III-V semiconductor FinFET of family device all is positioned at the top of hetero-epitaxy cushion 206, in the high-temperature process of follow-up semiconductor technology, dislocation easily extends to channel region, and transistor performance is degenerated.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the active area that dislocation that prior art III-V family semi-conducting material produces during selective area epitaxial growth can expand to device on the patterned silicon substrate, and significantly reduce the mobility of carrier and the yield rate of integrated circuit, and by the device of its manufacturing in the high-temperature process of follow-up semiconductor technology, dislocation easily extends to channel region, make the deficiency of device performance degeneration, a kind of semiconductor III-V family's nanometer semiconductor structure and manufacture method and application thereof are provided.
The technical scheme that the present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above is as follows: a kind of nanometer semiconductor structure comprises monocrystalline substrate, dielectric film, the first cushion, semiconductor seed material layer, the second cushion and semiconductor nano functional areas; Described dielectric film is formed on described monocrystalline substrate; Have graphical window on described monocrystalline substrate, described the first cushion is formed on monocrystalline substrate in described graphical window, and described semiconductor seed material layer is formed on described the first cushion; Described the second cushion and semiconductor nano functional areas are formed on described dielectric film.
Further, described semiconductor seed crystal material, the second cushion and semiconductor sacrificial layer are commaterial, and comprise following any one material: germanium, gallium phosphide, GaAs, indium phosphide, indium arsenide, gallium antimonide, indium antimonide, gallium nitride, aluminium nitride, indium nitride and their multicomponent alloy.
Further, described dielectric film layer comprises following any one or a few material: silica, silicon nitride, carborundum, metal oxide and metal nitride.
Further, the thickness of described dielectric film is greater than 1.41 times of the graphical window width on described monocrystalline substrate.
Further, the lattice paprmeter of described the first cushion is between described monocrystalline silicon and semiconductor seed crystal material, and it comprises following any one material: SiGe alloy, Ge semiconductor, III-V family's semiconductor and their multicomponent alloy.
Further, described nanometer semiconductor structure, it is characterized in that, described semiconductor nano functional areas comprise following any one material or different materials: germanium, gallium phosphide, GaAs, indium phosphide, indium arsenide, gallium antimonide, indium antimonide, gallium nitride, aluminium nitride, indium nitride and their multicomponent alloy perhaps comprise the function combination of following any one or a few structure: semiconductor P-N knot, heterojunction semiconductor, semiconductor quantum well, semiconductor superlattice, semiconductor optical waveguide and optical semiconductor reflector.
The present invention also provides a kind of technical scheme that solves the problems of the technologies described above as follows: a kind of manufacture method of nanometer semiconductor structure comprises the following steps:
Step 10: form the dielectric film layer on monocrystalline substrate;
Step 20: by the patterned media thin layer, form graphical window on monocrystalline substrate;
Step 30: form the first cushion in the graphical window on described monocrystalline substrate;
Step 40: growing semiconductor seed crystal material on described the first cushion, and form epitaxial lateral overgrowth outgrowth district;
Step 50: the described epitaxial lateral overgrowth outgrowth of etching district, thus form semiconductor seed crystal material side direction crystal face with described dielectric film layer Surface Vertical;
Step 60: epitaxial growth the second cushion on described semiconductor seed crystal material side direction crystal face;
Step 70: selective epitaxial semiconductor nano functional areas and semiconductor sacrificial layer successively on described the second cushion;
Step 80: the top of the described semiconductor seed crystal material of planarization, semiconductor nano functional areas and semiconductor sacrificial layer keeps the epitaxial lateral overgrowth part perpendicular to dielectric film;
Step 90: the described semiconductor seed crystal material of wet method selective corrosion, the second cushion and semiconductor sacrificial layer form nanometer semiconductor structure on dielectric film.
Further, the chemical attack characteristic of described semiconductor nano functional areas is all not identical with semiconductor seed crystal material, the second cushion, semiconductor sacrificial layer, by wet method selective corrosion method, semiconductor seed crystal material, the second cushion and semiconductor sacrificial layer are removed, and do not damaged semiconductor nano functional areas.
Further, described in described step 30, step 40, step 60 and step 70, the method for selective epitaxial comprises: metal organic chemical vapor deposition, high vacuum chemical vapour deposition and other chemical vapour deposition techniques.
The present invention also provides a kind of technical scheme that solves the problems of the technologies described above as follows: a kind of device of being made by nanometer semiconductor structure, described nanometer semiconductor structure is applied to the functional part of following device: field-effect transistor, bipolar transistor, resonance tunnel-through diode, Schottky diode, light emitting devices, photo-detector, fiber waveguide, optical modulator, optical coupler and optical switch.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: nanometer semiconductor structure of the present invention makes its carrier mobility, geometric properties and heterojunction structure can satisfy high-performance CMOS technology and the integrated requirement of silicon based opto-electronics on silicon substrate during integrated growth.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the dislocation expansion and the structural representation that stops during selective area epitaxial growth on the patterned silicon substrate of prior art III-V family semi-conducting material;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the prior art III-V semiconductor FinFET of family element manufacturing on the lattice mismatch cushion;
The schematic flow sheet of the manufacture method of the nanometer semiconductor structure that Fig. 3 provides for the embodiment of the present invention;
The structural representation of step 20 correspondence in the manufacture method of the nanometer semiconductor structure that Fig. 4 provides for the embodiment of the present invention;
The structural representation of step 40 correspondence in the manufacture method of the nanometer semiconductor structure that Fig. 5 provides for the embodiment of the present invention;
The structural representation of step 50 correspondence in the manufacture method of the nanometer semiconductor structure that Fig. 6 provides for the embodiment of the present invention;
The structural representation of step 70 correspondence in the manufacture method of the nanometer semiconductor structure that Fig. 7 provides for the embodiment of the present invention;
The structural representation of step 80 correspondence in the manufacture method of the nanometer semiconductor structure that Fig. 8 provides for the embodiment of the present invention;
The structural representation of step 90 correspondence in the manufacture method of the nanometer semiconductor structure that Fig. 9 provides for the embodiment of the present invention;
The nanometer semiconductor structure that Figure 10 provides for the embodiment of the present invention is applied to the structural representation of FinFET device;
The nanometer semiconductor structure that Figure 11 provides for the embodiment of the present invention is applied to the structural representation of RTD device.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, principle of the present invention and feature are described, example only is used for explaining the present invention, is not be used to limiting scope of the present invention.
The schematic flow sheet of the manufacture method of the nanometer semiconductor structure that Fig. 3 provides for the embodiment of the present invention.As shown in Figure 3, manufacture method comprises the following steps:
Step 10: form dielectric film layer 402 on monocrystalline substrate 401.
The crystalline orientation of monocrystalline substrate can be (100), and crystal plane direction can be<100 〉.The dielectric film layer comprises following any one or a few material: silica, silicon nitride, carborundum, metal oxide and metal nitride.At the present embodiment, the dielectric film layer is the silicon nitride of high growth temperature.
Step 20: by patterned media thin layer 402, form graphical window 403 on monocrystalline substrate 401.
The structural representation of step 20 correspondence in the manufacture method of the nanometer semiconductor structure that Fig. 4 provides for the embodiment of the present invention.As shown in Figure 4, can adopt dry etching technology to form graphical window on monocrystalline substrate 401, the thickness of dielectric film 402 so just can be limited in misfit dislocation in graphical window 403 greater than 1.41 times of graphical window 403 width on monocrystalline substrate 401.
After this step is completed, then before carrying out next step, adopt and form the V-type groove in the graphical window 403 of anisotropic wet technique on monocrystalline substrate 401.
Step 30: selective epitaxial the first cushion in the graphical window 403 on monocrystalline substrate 401.
The lattice paprmeter of the first cushion is between monocrystalline silicon 401 and semiconductor seed crystal material 405, and it comprises following any one material: SiGe alloy, Ge semiconductor, III-V family's semiconductor and their multicomponent alloy.
Step 40: selective epitaxial semiconductor seed crystal material 405 on the first cushion, and the formation epitaxial lateral overgrowth is given birth to long district 404.
The method of the selective epitaxial of semiconductor seed crystal material 405 comprises: metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), high vacuum chemical vapour deposition (UHVCVD) and other chemical vapour deposition techniques (CVD).Semiconductor seed crystal material 405 is proceeded the epitaxial lateral overgrowth outgrowth after filling up graphical window, thereby forms epitaxial lateral overgrowth outgrowth district 404.The top of semiconductor seed crystal material requires to exceed the upper surface of dielectric film layer 402.The dislocation that produces in the misfit dislocation that produces due to monocrystalline substrate and epitaxial process all is limited in graphical window 403 and the upper area of window, thereby the dislocation density in epitaxial lateral overgrowth outgrowth district 404 is extremely low, even without any dislocation.
The structural representation of step 40 correspondence in the manufacture method of the nanometer semiconductor structure that Fig. 5 provides for the embodiment of the present invention.As shown in Figure 5, semiconductor seed crystal material 405 comprises following any one material: germanium, gallium phosphide, GaAs, indium phosphide, indium arsenide, gallium antimonide, indium antimonide, gallium nitride, aluminium nitride, indium nitride and their multicomponent alloy.
Step 50: etching epitaxial lateral overgrowth outgrowth district 404, thus form lateral semiconductor crystal face 406 with dielectric film layer Surface Vertical.
The structural representation of step 50 correspondence in the manufacture method of the nanometer semiconductor structure that Fig. 6 provides for the embodiment of the present invention.As shown in Figure 6, the surface light at semiconductor seed crystal material 405 carves needed figure.The method of etching can adopt dry etching, also can adopt wet etching.After the lateral semiconductor crystal face 406 of formation and dielectric film layer Surface Vertical, adopt wet chemical process to carry out polishing etch to its side direction crystal face 406.
Step 60: epitaxial growth the second cushion 407 on lateral semiconductor crystal face 406.
The second cushion 407 is commaterial with semiconductor seed crystal material 405, and the function of the second cushion 407 is to filter dislocation.
Step 70: selective epitaxial the first semiconductor nano functional areas 408, the second semiconductor nano functional areas 410 and semiconductor sacrificial layer 409 successively on the second cushion 407.
The structural representation of step 70 correspondence in the manufacture method of the nanometer semiconductor structure that Fig. 7 provides for the embodiment of the present invention.As shown in Figure 7, can extension during at least one semiconductor nano functional areas, the material of semiconductor nano functional areas can be germanium, gallium phosphide, GaAs, indium phosphide, indium arsenide, gallium antimonide, indium antimonide, gallium nitride, aluminium nitride, indium nitride and their multicomponent alloy.When at least two of extensions semiconductor nano functional areas, the material of each semiconductor nano functional areas can be identical, also can be not identical.When one of extension semiconductor nano functional areas, semiconductor nano functional areas can also comprise the function combination of following any one or a few structure: semiconductor P-N knot, heterojunction semiconductor, semiconductor quantum well, semiconductor superlattice, semiconductor optical waveguide and optical semiconductor reflector.In the present embodiment, the first semiconductor nano functional areas 408 and the second semiconductor nano functional areas 410 comprise following any one material or different materials: germanium, gallium phosphide, GaAs, indium phosphide, indium arsenide, gallium antimonide, indium antimonide, gallium nitride, aluminium nitride, indium nitride and their multicomponent alloy.Semiconductor sacrificial layer 409 is commaterial with semiconductor seed crystal material 405, and the function of semiconductor sacrificial layer 409 is isolation each semiconductor III-V family's semiconductor nano functional areas.The semiconductor nano functional areas can be that the high mobility channel material is made the high-performance CMOS device, also can be hetero-junctions or quantum well structure is made opto-electronic device.The thickness of the first semiconductor nano functional areas 408, the second semiconductor nano functional areas 410 and semiconductor sacrificial layer 409 is accurately controlled by growth time.
Step 80: the top of planarization semiconductor seed crystal material 405, the first semiconductor nano functional areas 408, the second semiconductor nano functional areas 410 and semiconductor sacrificial layer 409 keeps the epitaxial lateral overgrowth part perpendicular to dielectric film layer 402.
The method of planarization comprises chemical mechanical polishing method, can realize the planarization on surface, and this planarized surface has determined the thickness of the first semiconductor nano functional areas 408 and the second semiconductor nano functional areas 410 to the distance of the upper surface of dielectric film layer 402.
The structural representation of step 80 correspondence in the manufacture method of the nanometer semiconductor structure that Fig. 8 provides for the embodiment of the present invention.As shown in Figure 8,
Step 90: wet method selective corrosion semiconductor seed crystal material 405, the second cushion 407 and semiconductor sacrificial layer 409 form nanometer semiconductor structure on the dielectric film layer.
The structural representation of step 90 correspondence in the manufacture method of the nanometer semiconductor structure that Fig. 9 provides for the embodiment of the present invention.As shown in Figure 9, because the first semiconductor nano functional areas 408, the second semiconductor nano functional areas 410 have different chemical attack characteristics from semiconductor seed crystal material 405, the second cushion 407, semiconductor sacrificial layer 409, so semiconductor seed crystal material 405, the second cushion 407 and semiconductor sacrificial layer 409 can optionally be removed by chemical etching technology, corrosion selectively requires greater than 5.
Semiconductor nano functional areas, the second cushion, semiconductor sacrificial layer and semiconductor seed crystal material are the Lattice Matching relation, perhaps have certain lattice mismatch, the lattice mismatch of the lattice mismatch of the lattice mismatch of semiconductor nano functional areas and semiconductor seed crystal material, the second cushion and semiconductor seed crystal material, semiconductor sacrificial layer and semiconductor seed crystal material is all lower than ± 5%.
The manufacture method of nanometer semiconductor structure of the present invention adopts the wrong filtration methods of two steps, i.e. the technology that combines with selective epitaxial of graph substrate, the semiconductor seed crystal material of integrated growth utmost point low-dislocation-density on monocrystalline substrate; Then utilize advanced epitaxy technology can accurately control the characteristics of semiconductor film layer thickness, selective epitaxial semiconductor nano functional areas on the side direction crystal face of semiconductor seed crystal material; Then use flatening process and semiconductor sacrificial layer technology to form nanometer semiconductor structure.Be that the present invention utilizes graph substrate constituency epitaxy technology to be terminated in by the dislocation that lattice mismatch causes on the side wall of graphical window, use simultaneously constituency epitaxial lateral overgrowth technology further to filter dislocation, form utmost point low-dislocation-density (<10 3cm -2) the lateral semiconductor crystal face, by in conjunction with epitaxial lateral overgrowth means, flatening process and sacrificial layer technology, the final nanometer semiconductor structure of realizing utmost point low-dislocation-density, high mobility, high integration on silicon substrate, thus satisfy high-performance semiconductor electronic device and the integrated material requirements of silica-based photoelectric foreign substance.
The nanometer semiconductor structure that Figure 10 provides for the embodiment of the present invention is applied to the structural representation of FinFET device.As shown in figure 10, the manufacturing process of FinFET device is: at first adopt low-pressure chemical vapor deposition method (LPCVD) at the SiNx medium 502 of Si (100) 501 surface high-temp growth one deck 200 nanometers, litho pattern also uses RIE etching SiNx to form the wide window of 100 nanometers, adopts alkaline solution to corrode the V-type groove in window; Put into mocvd growth chamber constituency extension InP seed crystal material (selecting GaAs the first cushion) after RCA cleans, then outgrowth realizes the epitaxial lateral overgrowth outgrowth; Litho pattern also adopts RIE etching epitaxial lateral overgrowth outgrowth district to form vertical side direction crystal face, then carries out polishing etch; Put into mocvd growth chamber after thoroughly cleaning and carry out the constituency extension, successively extension 100 nanometer InP the second cushions, 20 nanometer N-type In 0.7Ga 0.3As raceway groove 503,100 nanometer InP sacrifice layers, 20 nanometer P type GaAs 0.3Sb 0.7Raceway groove 504 and 100 nanometer InP sacrifice layers; Use cmp method (CMP) planarized surface, the height of controlling channel material is about 120 nanometers, then uses hydrochloric acid solution selective corrosion InP sacrifice layer, forms symmetrical In 0.7Ga 0.3As and GaAs 0.3Sb 0.7Channel array; Adopt at last conventional CMOS manufacturing process to complete ALD LaAl0 3Gate medium 506, TaN/W grid metal 505, medium side wall, source are leaked and are injected and metallization process.Compare with traditional silicon CMOS technology, silica-based high mobility III-V family its speed of semiconductor CMOS technology that adopts that the present invention makes improves more than 2 times, order of magnitude of power-dissipation-reduced, be after the ideal chose of 15 nanometers (post-15nm) CMOS technology.
The nanometer semiconductor structure that Figure 11 provides for the embodiment of the present invention is applied to the structural representation of RTD device.As shown in figure 11, the manufacturing process of RTD device is: at first adopt low-pressure chemical vapor deposition method (LPCVD) at the SiNx medium 602 of Si (100) 601 surface high-temp growth one deck 200 nanometers, litho pattern also uses RIE etching SiNx to form the wide window of 100 nanometers, adopts alkaline solution to corrode the V-type groove in window; Put into mocvd growth chamber selective epitaxial InP seed crystal material (selecting GaAs the first cushion) after RCA cleans, then outgrowth realizes epitaxial lateral overgrowth; Litho pattern also adopts RIE etching epitaxial lateral overgrowth outgrowth district to form vertical side direction crystal face, then carries out polishing etch; Put into mocvd growth chamber after thoroughly cleaning and carry out the constituency extension, successively extension InP the second cushion, semiconductor nano functional areas 603 (being AlAs/InGaAs/AlAs double potential barrier RTD heterojunction structure in this example), InGaAs ohmic contact layer 604 and InP sacrifice layer; Use cmp method (CMP) planarized surface, then use hydrochloric acid solution selective corrosion InP sacrifice layer, form the RTD epitaxial structure of horizontal direction; Adopt at last conventional semiconductor technology to make Ohmic contact 605, mesa etch, dielectric passivation layer 606.By implementing the present invention, can realize high performance AlAs/InGaAs/AlAs double potential barrier RTD on silicon substrate, by in conjunction with RTD and CMOS technology, will provide a new technology platform for high integration MULTI-VALUED LOGIC CIRCUIT, ultrahigh-speed and low-power-consumption circuit.
The above is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is in order to limit the present invention, within the spirit and principles in the present invention not all, any modification of doing, is equal to replacement, improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1.一种半导体纳米结构,其特征在于,包括单晶硅衬底、介质薄膜、第一缓冲层、半导体籽晶材料、第二缓冲层、半导体纳米功能区和半导体牺牲层;所述介质薄膜形成于所述单晶硅衬底上;所述单晶硅衬底上具有图形化窗口,所述第一缓冲层形成于所述图形化窗口中的单晶硅衬底上,所述半导体籽晶材料层形成于所述第一缓冲层上;所述第二缓冲层和半导体纳米功能区形成于所述介质薄膜上,在第二缓冲层上通过选择性外延有半导体纳米功能区和半导体牺牲层。1. a semiconductor nanostructure, is characterized in that, comprises monocrystalline silicon substrate, dielectric thin film, the first buffer layer, semiconductor seed crystal material, the second buffer layer, semiconductor nano functional area and semiconductor sacrificial layer; Said dielectric thin film formed on the single crystal silicon substrate; the single crystal silicon substrate has a patterned window, the first buffer layer is formed on the single crystal silicon substrate in the patterned window, and the semiconductor seed The crystalline material layer is formed on the first buffer layer; the second buffer layer and the semiconductor nano-functional region are formed on the dielectric film, and the semiconductor nano-functional region and the semiconductor sacrificial region are formed on the second buffer layer through selective epitaxy layer. 2.根据权利要求1所述的半导体纳米结构,其特征在于,所述半导体籽晶材料、第二缓冲层与半导体牺牲层为同一种材料,并包括以下任意一种材料:锗、磷化镓、砷化镓、磷化铟、砷化铟、锑化镓、锑化铟、氮化镓、氮化铝、氮化铟以及它们的多元合金。2. The semiconductor nanostructure according to claim 1, wherein the semiconductor seed material, the second buffer layer and the semiconductor sacrificial layer are the same material, and include any of the following materials: germanium, gallium phosphide , gallium arsenide, indium phosphide, indium arsenide, gallium antimonide, indium antimonide, gallium nitride, aluminum nitride, indium nitride and their multivariate alloys. 3.根据权利要求1所述的半导体纳米结构,其特征在于,所述介质薄膜包括以下任意一种或几种材料:氧化硅、氮化硅、碳化硅、金属氧化物和金属氮化物。3. The semiconductor nanostructure according to claim 1, wherein the dielectric thin film comprises any one or more of the following materials: silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, metal oxide and metal nitride. 4.根据权利要求1所述的半导体纳米结构,其特征在于,所述介质薄膜的厚度大于所述单晶硅衬底上的图形化窗口宽度的1.41倍。4. The semiconductor nanostructure according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the dielectric thin film is greater than 1.41 times the width of the patterned window on the single crystal silicon substrate. 5.根据权利要求1所述的半导体纳米结构,其特征在于,所述第一缓冲层的晶格常数介于所述单晶硅和半导体籽晶材料之间,其包括以下任意一种材料:SiGe合金、III-V族半导体以及它们的多元合金。5. The semiconductor nanostructure according to claim 1, wherein the lattice constant of the first buffer layer is between the single crystal silicon and the semiconductor seed material, and it comprises any one of the following materials: SiGe alloys, III-V semiconductors and their multiple alloys. 6.根据权利要求1所述的半导体纳米结构,其特征在于,所述半导体纳米功能区包括以下任意一种材料或几种材料:锗、磷化镓、砷化镓、磷化铟、砷化铟、锑化镓、锑化铟、氮化镓、氮化铝、氮化铟、以及它们的多元合金,或者包括以下任意一种或几种结构的功能组合:半导体P-N结、半导体异质结、半导体量子阱、半导体超晶格、半导体光波导和半导体光反射器。6. The semiconductor nanostructure according to claim 1, wherein the semiconductor nanofunctional region comprises any one or more of the following materials: germanium, gallium phosphide, gallium arsenide, indium phosphide, arsenide Indium, gallium antimonide, indium antimonide, gallium nitride, aluminum nitride, indium nitride, and their multi-element alloys, or a functional combination including any one or several of the following structures: semiconductor P-N junction, semiconductor heterojunction , semiconductor quantum well, semiconductor superlattice, semiconductor optical waveguide and semiconductor optical reflector. 7.一种半导体纳米结构的制造方法,其特征在于,所述制造方法包括以下步骤:7. A method for manufacturing a semiconductor nanostructure, characterized in that the method for manufacturing comprises the following steps: 步骤10:在单晶硅衬底上形成介质薄膜层;Step 10: forming a dielectric thin film layer on the single crystal silicon substrate; 步骤20:通过图形化介质薄膜层,在单晶硅衬底上形成图形化窗口;Step 20: forming a patterned window on the single crystal silicon substrate by patterning the dielectric thin film layer; 步骤30:在所述单晶硅衬底上的图形化窗口中选择性外延第一缓冲层;Step 30: selectively epitaxy a first buffer layer in the patterned window on the single crystal silicon substrate; 步骤40:在所述第一缓冲层上选择性外延半导体籽晶材料,并形成侧向外延过生长区;Step 40: selectively epitaxial semiconductor seed material on the first buffer layer, and forming a lateral epitaxial overgrowth region; 步骤50:刻蚀所述侧向外延过生长区,从而形成与所述介质薄膜层表面垂直的半导体籽晶材料侧向晶面;Step 50: Etching the lateral epitaxial overgrowth region, thereby forming a lateral crystal plane of the semiconductor seed crystal material perpendicular to the surface of the dielectric film layer; 步骤60:在所述半导体籽晶材料侧向晶面上选择性外延第二缓冲层;Step 60: Selectively epitaxy a second buffer layer on the lateral surface of the semiconductor seed material; 步骤70:在所述第二缓冲层上依次选择性外延半导体纳米功能区和半导体牺牲层;Step 70: sequentially selectively epitaxial semiconductor nano-functional region and semiconductor sacrificial layer on the second buffer layer; 步骤80:平坦化所述半导体籽晶材料、半导体纳米功能区和半导体牺牲层的顶部,保留垂直于介质薄膜表面的侧向外延部分;Step 80: planarizing the semiconductor seed crystal material, the semiconductor nano-functional region and the top of the semiconductor sacrificial layer, retaining the lateral epitaxial part perpendicular to the surface of the dielectric film; 步骤90:湿法选择性腐蚀所述半导体籽晶材料、第二缓冲层和半导体牺牲层,在介质薄膜上形成半导体纳米结构。Step 90: wet selectively etching the semiconductor seed material, the second buffer layer and the semiconductor sacrificial layer to form a semiconductor nanostructure on the dielectric film. 8.根据权利要求7所述的半导体纳米结构的制造方法,其特征在于,所述半导体纳米功能区的化学腐蚀特性与半导体籽晶材料、第二缓冲层、半导体牺牲层均不相同,通过湿法选择性腐蚀方法将半导体籽晶材料、第二缓冲层与半导体牺牲层去除,而不损伤半导体纳米功能区。8. the manufacture method of semiconductor nanostructure according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, the chemical corrosion characteristic of described semiconductor nano-function area is all different from semiconductor seed crystal material, the second buffer layer, semiconductor sacrificial layer, through wet The selective etching method removes the semiconductor seed crystal material, the second buffer layer and the semiconductor sacrificial layer without damaging the semiconductor nanometer functional area. 9.根据权利要求7所述的半导体纳米结构的制造方法,其特征在于,所述步骤30、步骤40、步骤60和步骤70中所述选择性外延的方法包括:金属有机化学气相沉积或超高真空化学气相沉积。9. The manufacturing method of semiconductor nanostructure according to claim 7, characterized in that, the method of selective epitaxy described in step 30, step 40, step 60 and step 70 comprises: metal organic chemical vapor deposition or super High vacuum chemical vapor deposition. 10.一种由如权利要求1至6任一所述的半导体纳米结构制造的器件,其特征在于,所述半导体纳米结构应用于下列器件的功能部件:场效应晶体管、双极晶体管、共振隧穿二极管、肖特基二极管、光发射器件、光探测器、光波导、光调制器、光学耦合器或光学开关。10. A device manufactured by the semiconductor nanostructure as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the semiconductor nanostructure is applied to the functional components of the following devices: field effect transistors, bipolar transistors, resonant tunneling Diodes, Schottky diodes, light emitting devices, light detectors, light guides, light modulators, optical couplers or optical switches.
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