CN102107539A - 形成分层橡胶制品的方法 - Google Patents
形成分层橡胶制品的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- B29B7/38—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
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Abstract
本发明描述用于使经共混的橡胶组合物直接施加到轮胎成型鼓或芯的方法和设备。所述方法包括通过主挤出机和主齿轮泵挤出第一橡胶混合物的步骤。第二橡胶混合物通过第二挤出机挤出,并进入第二齿轮泵。将来自第二齿轮泵的输出料进料至主挤出机。通过调节主齿轮泵的速度和第二齿轮泵的速度,改变第一混合物与第二混合物之比。使由所述第一混合物和所述第二混合物形成的连续橡胶带直接置于轮胎成型机上,以形成具有第一共混物比的第一橡胶层。调节主齿轮泵和第二齿轮泵的速度,以得到所述第一混合物与所述第二混合物的第二共混物比,然后将由所述第二共混物比形成的橡胶带施加到轮胎成型鼓或芯上。
Description
其他申请交叉参考
本申请要求并通过引用结合2009年12月23日提交的美国临时申请号61/289,705的权益。
技术领域
本发明主要涉及轮胎制造,更特别是,涉及连续制备定制橡胶混合物。
背景技术
由于技术的进步和高度竞争工业环境,轮胎制造商已发展了更复杂的设计。特别是,为了满足客户要求,轮胎设计者寻求在轮胎中使用多种橡胶混合物。每个轮胎使用多种橡胶混合物可造成各种制造商轮胎线需要有大量混合物。由于成本和效率原因,轮胎制造商由于与各混合物相关的庞大成本寻求限制可利用混合物数目。各混合物一般需要使用班伯里混合机,这涉及昂贵的资本支出。另外,班伯里混合机混合韧性或硬橡胶混合物困难。由班伯里混合机产出的混合物一般运输到轮胎成型设备,因此需要另外的运输费用。混合物的保存期没有限定,如果不在一段时间内使用,就要废弃。
因此,需要改进的方法和设备,这种方法和设备基本减少需要使用班伯里混合机,同时,通过两种或更多种混合物一起共混,并控制这些混合物和其他添加剂之比,提供在轮胎成型机定制混合的设备和方法。非生产性混合物和生产性混合物两者可一起共混。还需要在轮胎成型机具有一种系统,此系统提供用促进剂制备可定制混合物的能力。要解决的还另一个问题是在轮胎成型机连续产生混合物。
定义
“高宽比”是指轮胎的截面高度与其截面宽度之比。
“轴向的”和“轴向地”是指平行于轮胎旋转轴的线或方向。
“胎圈”或“胎圈芯”一般指包括环形拉伸构件的轮胎的那个部分,径向内部胎圈与将轮胎保持到轮圈相关,轮圈由帘布包裹并用或不用其他增强元件成形,增强元件如钢丝圈包布(flipper)、切片包布(chipper)、三角胶(apex)或填料、护脚(toe guard)和胎圈包布(chafer)。
“带结构”或“增强带”是指织造或非织造、位于胎面下面、未锚接到胎圈并且与轮胎的赤道平面具有17°至27°左右两个帘线角(cord angle)的平行帘线的至少两个环形层或层片(plies)。
“缓冲层”或“轮胎缓冲层”意指与带或带结构或增强带相同。
“胎体”是指轮胎帘线层材料和切成适用于接合或已接合成圆筒形或复曲面形状的长度的其他轮胎元件的层压材料。另外的元件可在硫化产生模塑轮胎之前加到胎体。
“圆周”是指沿着垂直于轴向的环形胎面的表面的周边延伸的线或方向,它也可以指其半径限定胎面的轴向曲率的多组相邻圆形曲线的方向,如在横截面中见到的那样。
“帘线”是指用于增强层的一个包括纤维的增强股。
“内衬”是指形成无内胎轮胎的内表面并且在轮胎内包含充入流体的一个或多个弹性体或其他材料层。
“插入物”是指一般用于增强失压续跑类型轮胎(runflat-type tire)的侧壁的增强材料,它也指位于胎面下的弹性体插入物。
“层片”指弹性体涂覆、径向散开或平行的帘线的帘线增强层。
“径向的”和“径向地”是指径向朝向或离开轮胎旋转轴的方向。
“子午线结构”是指一个或多个胎体层片或其至少一层具有与轮胎赤道平面成65°和90°之间角度取向的增强帘线。
“子午线轮胎”是指其中从胎圈延伸到胎圈的帘布与轮胎赤道平面成65°和90°之间帘线角度的带束或圆周限制充气轮胎。
“侧壁”指胎面和胎圈之间的轮胎部分。
“层压结构”是指由一个或多个轮胎或弹性体元件层(如内衬、侧壁和任选的层片层)制成的未硫化结构。
“生产性混合物”是指包含促进剂、硫和使橡胶固化所需的其他材料的橡胶混合物。
“非生产性混合物”是指不具有一种或多种以下项目的橡胶混合物:1)促进剂、2)硫或3)固化剂。
附图说明
本发明将通过实例并参考附图进行描述,其中:
图1为本发明的混合系统的示意图;
图2为显示从混合系统示例性输出的示意图;
图3显示本发明的胎面的横截面轮廓;
图4显示从混合系统产生的输出在10%应变(100℃,1Hz)的Grosch abrasion Cal.Rate-Tan δ的图;
图5为显示分解成网格点的胎面轮廓的示意图;并且
图6显示本发明的连续分层胎面。
具体实施方式
图1显示适用于制备轮胎或轮胎元件的橡胶组合物的连续混合系统所用方法和设备10的第一实施方案。连续混合系统不限于轮胎应用,并且可用于例如制造不涉及轮胎的其他橡胶元件,如输送带、软管、带等。混合系统可直接在轮胎成型机提供,用于将橡胶组合物直接施加到轮胎成型鼓或其他轮胎成型设备。图1显示包括主挤出机20的连续混合设备10。挤出机20具有用于接收第一混合物A的入口22,第一混合物A可以为生产性或非生产性橡胶组合物。挤出机可包括适用于处理橡胶或弹性体混合物的任何市售挤出机。挤出机可包括本领域的技术人员一般称为销钉型挤出机、双螺杆或单螺杆挤出机或环型挤出机的市售挤出机。一种适用的市售挤出机为VMI Holland BV,The Netherlands销售的多切转移混合(MCT)挤出机。优选挤出机的L/D为约8,但可以为约5至约25,优选10-15。环型、销钉型或MCT型挤出机是优选的,但不限于此。挤出机工作将混合物A加热到约80℃至约150℃,优选约90℃至约120℃的温度,以根据需要塑炼橡胶组合物。
第二混合物,被称为“混合物B”,进入挤出机20,并与混合物A混合。混合物B也可包括生产性或非生产性橡胶组合物。以下更详细描述混合物B组合物的实例。在进入主挤出机20之前,首先通过第二挤出机40和第二齿轮泵42挤出混合物B。混合物B以控制量从齿轮泵42输入主挤出机。第二挤出机40可以为常规销钉型、环型、双螺杆或单螺杆型挤出机。齿轮泵42作为计量装置和泵,并且可具有齿轮,如行星齿轮、伞形齿轮或其他齿轮。挤出机40和齿轮泵42也可以为组合装置。优选混合物B在入口22和从入口测量挤出机约1/3长度之间进入主挤出机。
主挤出机使混合物A和混合物B一起以精确控制量共混。可任选在任何所需位置通过油泵60将油注入主挤出机22。油控制复合混合物的粘度。
设备10可还包括第一添加剂泵送装置70,用于泵送一种或多种添加剂,如第一促进剂,添加剂可任选在主挤出机22或齿轮泵25加到混合物。设备可还包括第二添加剂泵送装置80,用于将一种或多种添加剂(如第二促进剂)泵送输入主挤出机22或齿轮泵25。设备可还包括第三添加剂泵送装置90,用于将一种或多种添加剂(如第三促进剂)泵送输入主挤出机22或齿轮泵25。添加剂泵70,80,90可以为齿轮泵、齿轮泵和挤出机组合、文丘里泵或本领域的技术人员已知的其他泵送装置。
如果使用多于一种促进剂,它们可单独或一起加入到混合物。例如,第一促进剂和第二促进剂两者可都加入。促进剂用于控制硫化所需的时间和/或温度,并改善橡胶的性质。促进剂可以为粉末状,或者可以为包封至树脂或橡胶基质的粉末。以下更详细描述促进剂组合物的实例。
其他添加剂包括固化剂或前体,这些也可通过添加剂泵90加入到挤出机20。固化剂的一个实例为硫。硫可以固体形式加入。
主挤出机22输出橡胶混合物,这种橡胶混合物可以为A和B混合物、任选的油和任选的促进剂和任选的添加剂的精确混合物,也称为混合物C。混合物C的输出混合物离开主挤出机22,并进入齿轮泵25。齿轮泵25优选邻近轮胎成型站95放置,用于直接施加到芯、用于翻新轮胎的轮胎坯缓冲胎体或轮胎成型鼓上,如图1所示。齿轮泵25可优选包括特殊喷嘴或成形模92,特殊喷嘴或成形模将从齿轮泵25输出的混合物制剂以条直接施加到轮胎成型机95,所述条缠绕在轮胎成型鼓或芯上。
混合物A的体积流速与混合物B的体积流速之比由混合物A的齿轮泵25的速度与混合物B的齿轮泵42的速度之比精确控制。例如,从系统10输出的混合物可包括20%体积混合物A和80%体积混合物B之比,如图2所示。或者,从系统输出的混合物可包括具有35%体积混合物B和65%体积混合物A之比的混合物D。或者,从系统输出的混合物可包括具有10%体积混合物B和90%体积混合物A之比的混合物Z。因此,混合物A与混合物B之比可以为0∶100%至100%∶0。通过计算机控制器100改变齿轮泵25和42的速度,可瞬时调节此比值。计算机控制器100可另外控制挤出机和齿轮泵操作参数,如操作压力、操作温度,泵或螺杆速度。
优选计算机控制器100为各挤出机的出口压力设定压力目标值。挤出机速度通过控制器控制并改变,直到满足压力目标。压力目标值由引起挤出机中物质的回流影响混合品质。
在本发明的一个实例中,形成具有图3所示横截面轮廓的分层胎面200。分层胎面包含三层或更多层。径向最外层210优选由具有高耐磨性的胎面混合物(混合物A)形成。高耐磨性胎面混合物倾向为具有高填料的硬混合物。径向最内层220优选由具有低或超低滚动阻力的混合物(混合物B)形成。具有低滚动阻力的混合物一般为具有低填料的软混合物。低滚动阻力混合物倾向于具有高磨损率。中间层230优选由选自径向最外层210(混合物A)和径向最内层220(混合物B)的混合物的共混物形成。
为了形成胎面,将第一混合物A层挤到成形或轮胎成型机上。胎面可以带的形式挤到轮胎成型机上。可利用图1的混合系统,并将选择的所需混合物A进料至挤出机20。混合物A离开齿轮泵25,并通过喷嘴92送到轮胎成型鼓95上。混合物A以所需的轮廓挤到轮胎鼓上。
为了形成中间层230,将混合物A与混合物B共混。混合物B选择成具有低滚动阻力性质。中间层的所需性质决定混合物的共混物比。例如,如图4所示,50-50比的混合物A与混合物B产生具有低耐磨性的低滚动阻力混合物(点C)。与具有最低耐磨性(C”)的C相比,将混合物A与混合物B之比调节到75-25产生滚动阻力略高的混合物。在选择所需的共混物比后,将混合物A与混合物B用一定比例的齿轮共混,以得到精确共混。然后将共混物以所需的轮廓挤到轮胎成型鼓上。
下一步,通过使混合物B以所需的轮廓挤到轮胎成型鼓上的中间层上,形成外层。外层也可以为混合物A与混合物B的共混物,以达到所需的性质。
图6显示分层胎面轮廓300的第二实施方案。径向外表面305由100%混合物A形成。在此实例中,混合物A选择成具有高耐磨性。高耐磨性胎面混合物倾向为具有高填料的硬混合物。径向最内层310由混合物B形成。混合物B选择成具有低滚动阻力性质,虽然可选择其他混合物性质。
为了形成胎面,可利用图1的混合系统,并将所需的混合物A进料至挤出机20。混合物A离开齿轮泵25,并通过喷嘴92送到轮胎成型鼓95上。混合物A在轮胎鼓上挤成第一层。然后,将第二层挤出到第一层上。第二层为混合物A和混合物B的共混物。在一个实例中,第二层可由10%混合物A与90%混合物B形成。图1的混合系统通过齿轮泵25和42的速度调节,以使输出混合物包含10%混合物A与90%混合物B。然后,将第三层挤出到第一层上。第三层可包含20%混合物A与80%混合物B。然后,可使第四层挤出到第三层上,并且具有30-70比。可重复此过程,直至外层由100%混合物A形成。
通过改变橡胶混合物在轴向的组成或共混物比,也可形成所述胎面。通过根据需要改变橡胶混合物在轴向和径向两个方向的组成或共混物比,也可形成胎面。图5显示分解成小增量的胎面轮廓的一部分。一旦已设计理想的胎面轮廓,就将胎面轮廓分解成小的递增区A,B,C,并为各递增区选择所需的共混物比。利用计算机控制,可将具有所需共混物比的一条或多条带施加到轮胎成型鼓上。共混物比可根据需要在径向、轴向或两个方向上不同。
以下为可与本发明结合使用的组合物。
I.促进剂组合物
在一个实施方案中,可使用单促进剂系统,即第一促进剂。第一促进剂可以约0.5至约4或约0.8至约1.5phr的总量使用。在另一个实施方案中,可使用第一促进剂和第二促进剂的组合,第二促进剂以较小量使用,例如约0.05至约3phr,以活化并改善硫化橡胶的性质。可预料这些促进剂的组合对最终性质产生协同作用,并且略好于使用任一单独促进剂产生的那些作用。另外,可使用延迟作用的促进剂,这些促进剂不受一般处理温度影响,但在一般硫化温度产生令人满意的固化。也可使用硫化延迟剂。可用于本发明的促进剂的适合类型为胺、二硫化物、胍、硫脲、噻唑、秋兰姆、次磺酰胺、二硫代氨基甲酸盐(酯)和黄原酸盐(酯)。在一个实施方案中,第一促进剂为次磺酰胺。如果使用第二促进剂,则第二促进剂可以为胍、二硫代氨基甲酸盐(酯)或秋兰姆化合物。适合的胍包括二苯胍等。适合的秋兰姆包括二硫化四甲基秋兰姆、二硫化四乙基秋兰姆和二硫化四苄基秋兰姆。
II.橡胶组合物
可用于橡胶混合物的代表性橡胶包括丙烯腈/二烯共聚物、天然橡胶、卤化丁基橡胶、丁基橡胶、顺-1,4-聚异戊二烯、苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物、顺-1,4-聚丁二烯、苯乙烯-异戊二烯-丁二烯三元共聚物、乙烯-丙烯三元共聚物(也称为乙烯/丙烯/二烯单体(EPDM)),特别为乙烯/丙烯/二环戊二烯三元共聚物。可使用以上橡胶的混合物。各橡胶层可包含相同橡胶组合物,或者交替层可以为不同的橡胶组合物。
橡胶混合物可包含扁平状填料。扁平状填料的代表性实例包括滑石、粘土、云母及其混合物。在使用时,扁平状填料的量为约25至150份/100重量份橡胶(下文称为phr)。优选橡胶混合物中扁平状填料的水平为约30至约75phr。
可将各种橡胶组合物与常规橡胶混合成分混合。一般使用的常规成分包括炭黑、二氧化硅、偶联剂、增粘剂树脂、加工助剂、抗氧化剂、抗臭氧剂、硬脂酸、活化剂、蜡、油、硫硫化剂和胶溶剂。本领域的技术人员已知,根据所需的抗磨度和其他性质,一般以常规量使用某些上述添加剂。炭黑的一般加入量占橡胶重量约10至150份,优选50至100phr。二氧化硅的一般量为10至250重量份,优选30至80重量份,也包含二氧化硅和炭黑的共混物。增粘剂树脂的一般量占约2至10phr。加工助剂的一般量占1至5phr。抗氧化剂的一般量占1至10phr。抗臭氧剂的一般量占1至10phr。硬脂酸的一般量占0.50至约3phr。促进剂的一般量占1至5phr。蜡的一般量占1至5phr。油的一般量占2至30phr。硫硫化剂,如元素硫、二硫化胺、聚合性多硫化物、硫烯烃加合物及其混合物,以约0.2至8phr的量使用。胶溶剂的一般量占约0.1至1phr。
IV.油
橡胶组合物也可包含最多达70phr加工油。加工油可作为一般用于使弹性体增量的增量油包含于橡胶组合物中。通过在橡胶混合期间直接加入油,也可使加工油包含于橡胶组合物中。所用加工油可包含存在于弹性体的增量油和在混合期间加入的加工油两者。适合的加工油包括在本领域已知的各种油,包括芳族油、石蜡油、环烷油、植物油和低PCA油,如MES、TDAE、SRAE和重环烷油。适合的低PCA油包括具有通过IP346方法测定小于3%重量的多环芳族含量的那些油。IP346方法的操作可发现于Standard Methods for Analysis & Testing of Petroleum and Related Products and British Standard 2000Parts,2003,62版,由the Institute of Petroleum,United Kingdom出版。
根据本文提供的描述,本发明可进行变化。虽然已为了举例说明本发明展示了某些代表性实施方案和细节,但对本领域的技术人员来讲显而易见的是,可在不脱离本发明的范围下进行各种变化和改进。因此,应理解,可在所述具体实施方案作出变化,这些变化将在以下附加权利要求限定的本发明的全部预定范围内。
Claims (7)
1.一种形成用于轮胎的由第一混合物和第二混合物形成的胎面的方法,所述胎面包含两个或更多个橡胶层,所述方法的特征在于包括以下步骤:
通过主挤出机和主齿轮泵挤出第一橡胶混合物;
通过第二挤出机和第二齿轮泵将第二橡胶混合物挤入所述主挤出机;
通过调节主齿轮泵的速度和第二齿轮泵的速度,改变所述第一混合物与所述第二混合物之比,然后将由所述第一混合物和所述第二混合物形成的连续橡胶带直接施加到轮胎成型机上,以形成具有第一共混物比的第一橡胶层;
调节主齿轮泵和第二齿轮泵的速度,以得到第二共混物比的所述第一混合物与所述第二混合物,然后施加由所述第二共混物比的第一混合物与第二混合物形成的连续橡胶带,以使具有第二共混物比的第二橡胶层在所述第一橡胶层上形成。
2.权利要求1的方法,其特征在于通过调节主齿轮泵的速度和第二齿轮泵的速度,以提供第三共混物比的所述第一混合物与所述第二混合物,然后将由所述第三共混物比的第一混合物与第二混合物形成的连续橡胶带施加到所述第二层上,来在第二层上形成第三橡胶层。
3.权利要求1的方法,其特征在于连续橡胶带用齿轮泵与喷嘴组合施加到轮胎成型机上。
4.权利要求1的方法,其特征在于所述第一混合物具有低滚动阻力性质。
5.权利要求1的方法,其特征在于所述第二混合物具有高耐磨性质。
6.一种使经共混的橡胶组合物直接施加到轮胎成型鼓或芯的方法,所述方法的特征在于包括以下步骤:
通过主挤出机挤出第一混合物;
通过第二挤出机挤出第二混合物,并将其泵送通过第二齿轮泵;
将所述第二齿轮泵的输出料引入主挤出机,然后通过主齿轮泵;
调节主齿轮泵和第二齿轮泵的速度,以提供第一混合物与第二混合物的所需混合物,并使所述混合物与促进剂一起在混合室中混合。
7.权利要求6的方法,所述方法还在混合下游提供第三挤出机和第三齿轮泵,并将一条或多条共混橡胶组合物带直接施加到轮胎成型鼓或芯上。
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- 2010-12-22 BR BRPI1005246-1A patent/BRPI1005246B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2010-12-22 KR KR1020100132565A patent/KR20110073357A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2010-12-23 CN CN201010620942.1A patent/CN102107539B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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CN104385649A (zh) * | 2014-09-22 | 2015-03-04 | 徐州工业职业技术学院 | 一种不带缓冲帘布层轮胎胎面的制备方法 |
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CN111331889A (zh) * | 2018-12-19 | 2020-06-26 | 固特异轮胎和橡胶公司 | 具有目标刚度梯度的复合胎面和制造方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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BRPI1005246B1 (pt) | 2019-11-05 |
US20110146885A1 (en) | 2011-06-23 |
EP2338661B1 (en) | 2016-09-14 |
BRPI1005246A2 (pt) | 2013-04-02 |
CN102107539B (zh) | 2015-05-20 |
EP2338661A1 (en) | 2011-06-29 |
KR20110073357A (ko) | 2011-06-29 |
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