CN102105121A - 偏置超声手柄 - Google Patents
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- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/22—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for
- A61B17/22004—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic shock waves
- A61B17/22012—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic shock waves in direct contact with, or very close to, the obstruction or concrement
- A61B2017/22014—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic shock waves in direct contact with, or very close to, the obstruction or concrement the ultrasound transducer being outside patient's body; with an ultrasound transmission member; with a wave guide; with a vibrated guide wire
- A61B2017/22015—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic shock waves in direct contact with, or very close to, the obstruction or concrement the ultrasound transducer being outside patient's body; with an ultrasound transmission member; with a wave guide; with a vibrated guide wire with details of the transmission member
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种超声手柄,该超声手柄具有变幅杆、压电晶体和切割末端部。压电晶体和切割末端部联接至变幅杆。压电晶体的中心线相对于切割末端部的中心线发生偏置,使得当压电晶体被激励时在切割末端部中产生振荡运动。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及白内障手术,更具体地涉及具有导致产生振荡运动的偏置的超声乳化手柄。
背景技术
人类眼睛通过由称为角膜的澄清外部部分传送光线、由晶状体将图像聚焦于视网膜而产生视觉。聚焦图像的质量依赖于许多因素,包括眼睛的尺寸和形状以及角膜和晶状体的透明度。
当年龄或疾病导致晶状体透明度降低,视觉将由于传送到视网膜的光线减少而恶化。这一缺陷在医学上称为白内障。白内障的可接受的治疗是手术摘除白内障,采用人造眼内透镜(IOL)替代晶状体。在美国,大部分患白内障的晶状体通过称为超声乳化的外科手术被摘除。在这一过程中,带有远端切割末端部的细针被插入患病的晶状体,产生超声振动。振动的切割末端部将晶状体液化或乳化,使得晶状体可从眼内被抽吸出。患病的晶状体一旦被摘除,将被人造眼内透镜(IOL)替代。
适合于眼科过程的典型的超声外科设备包括超声驱动手柄、附接的切割末端部、冲洗套管和电子中控台。手柄组件通过电缆或连接头和挠性管附接到中控台。外科医生控制传送至手柄的切割末端部的超声能量的大小,并通过踩脚踏板在任何给定时间应用于组织。挠性管通过手柄组件将冲洗流体供应至眼睛,并将抽吸流体从眼中抽吸出。
手柄的操作部分是附接到一组压电晶体的居中中空共振杆或变幅杆。在乳化过程中,晶体通过中控台被控制,供应用于驱动变幅杆和所附接的切割末端部的超声振动。晶体/变幅杆组件通过挠性安装件悬挂于手柄的中空本体或外壳内。手柄本体结束于本体远端的直径减小部分或前锥体。该前锥体具有外螺纹以接合冲洗套管。类似地,变幅杆孔的远端具有内螺纹以接合切割末端部的外螺纹。冲洗套管也具有内螺纹孔,其可螺纹接合前锥体的外螺纹。切割末端部被调整,使得末端部从冲洗套管的开口端仅仅凸出预定长度。
使用中,切割末端部和冲洗套管的端部均被插入角膜或巩膜中的小切口。一种已知的切割末端部通过晶体驱动的超声变幅杆而沿该末端部位于冲洗套管内的纵向轴线产生超声振动,随后乳化选定的组织。切割末端部的中空孔与变幅杆中的孔连通,该孔又与由手柄至中控台的抽吸管线连通。其它合适的切割末端部包括产生纵向和扭转振荡的压电元件。此类切割末端部的一个实例描述于美国专利US6402769(Boukhny)中。
中控台的减压或真空源通过切割末端部的开口端、切割末端部和变幅杆孔以及抽吸管线从眼内抽取或抽吸乳化组织至收集设备。盐溶液或其它流体通过位于冲洗套管内表面和切割末端部之间的小环状间隙被注射至手术部位,从而有助于乳化组织的抽吸。
一种已知的外科技术是令进入眼前房的切口尽可能小,以减少手术后诱发角膜曲率变化(散光)的风险。这些小切口导致伤口非常紧,将冲洗套管向振动末端部紧紧挤压。冲洗套管和振动末端部之间的摩擦产生热量。末端部内部流动的抽吸流体的冷却作用降低了末端部过热和灼伤组织的风险。
当末端部被乳化组织堵塞或阻塞时,抽吸流可减少或消除,这使得末端部热量增加。这一现象也减少冷却并导致温度升高,如果不经检测可能灼伤切口处的组织。另外,阻塞情况下,抽吸管内累积至高真空使得一旦最终阻塞被打破,大量流体被很快从眼中吸出,可能导致眼球塌陷或对眼睛产生其它损害。这样,消散切口处的热量积累以避免组织受损害、防止阻塞打破时不希望的眼内流体吸出就非常重要。
已知许多减少热量产生的技术。一种减少所产生热量的途径是减少振动超声乳化针所接触的材料的摩擦系数。例如,为代替让针接触相当粘的由液体注塑模制的硅制造的输注套管,可应用由低摩擦材料例如聚酰亚胺制造的介入导管以显著减少摩擦产生的热量。另一种途径是在针的末端部端口被晶状体碎片阻塞的情况下令冲洗流转向流过超声乳化针中的一个旁路开口。这样,冲洗流继续冷却针而不受阻塞的影响。减少热量产生也可通过降低振动幅度和/或减小超声乳化末端部的工作占空比实现。
减少热量积累的另一途径是利用手柄末端部的扭转运动。扭转运动包括末端部绕其纵向轴线的扭曲运动和优选是旋转的运动。这一扭转运动可通过具有能够制造扭转频率驱动信号和纵向频率驱动信号的可编程超声驱动器的超声手柄来实现。此类手柄对本领域技术人员而言是公知的,其一个实施例描述于美国专利US6028387。扭转运动也可令晶状体更有效摘除。
手柄的振荡运动代替传统的扭转运动也可产生类似的有利结果。除了减少热量积累,振荡运动导致更有效的晶状体摘除。与扭转运动相似,振荡运动在切割末端部处对晶状体碎片产生更少的斥力。斥力的减少使得对晶状体碎片的抽吸更加有效。理想地是提供一种可产生切割末端部的振荡运动的手柄。
发明内容
在按照本发明的原理的一个实施例中,本发明是包括变幅杆、压电晶体和切割末端部的超声手柄。压电晶体和切割末端部联接至变幅杆。压电晶体的中心线相对于切割末端部的中心线发生偏置使得当压电晶体被激励时在切割末端部中产生振荡运动。
需要理解,前文的概括描述和后文的详细描述仅仅是示例和解释性的,目的是对如权利要求所述发明的进一步解释。以下描述以及本发明的实践陈述和暗示了本发明的其它优点和目的。
附图说明
所附包括于说明书并构成其一部分的附图描述了本发明的几个实施例,并与说明书结合用于解释本发明的原理。
图1描述了传统超声手柄。
图2描述了按照本发明的原理的偏置超声手柄。
图3描述了按照本发明的原理的偏置超声手柄。
具体实施方式
现在结合附图详细描述本发明的典型实施例。在任何可能的地方,所有附图中相同的附图标记用于表示相同或相似部件。
图1描述了传统超声手柄。图1中,手柄100联接至中控台140。中控台140联接至脚踏开关150。手柄100具有切割末端部110、变幅杆120和一组压电晶体130。末端部接口115将切割末端部110连接至变幅杆120的直径减小部分125。手柄100的中心线160也被表示出。
末端部110典型地是由钛或不锈钢制造的细针,用于通过超声振动乳化晶状体。末端部110典型地是圆柱形状,具有约20-30标准规格的小直径,长度适合于在插入眼前房时摘除晶状体。末端部110具有沿纵向穿过其重心的中央纵轴线。例如,当末端部110近似为圆柱体时,其中央纵轴线是圆柱体的中心轴线。末端部110的中央纵轴线以虚线(中心线)160表示。手柄100中,中心线160穿过末端部110的中心和压电晶体130的中心。以此方式,末端部110与压电晶体130对准。这样的对准典型地导致压电晶体130被激励时末端部110产生纵向运动。
变幅杆120典型地由医学适用的刚性材料(例如钛合金)制造。变幅杆120具有连接至末端部接口115的直径减小部分125。末端部接口115典型地具有接合末端部110的螺纹连接。以此方式,末端部110在末端部接口115处螺纹连接至变幅杆120上。这导致末端部110和变幅杆120为刚性连接,使得振动可由变幅杆120传递至末端部110.
压电晶体130在超声乳化时提供超声振动,驱动变幅杆120和所附接的切割末端部110。压电晶体130被附着于变幅杆120。晶体130典型地为环形,类似中空圆柱,由多个晶体部分构成。当被中控台140传送来的信号激励时,晶体130共振,在变幅杆120中产生振动。这一振动典型地令末端部110产生纵向运动。
中控台140包括用于产生压电晶体130驱动信号的信号发生器。中控台140具有合适的微处理器、微控制器、计算机或数字逻辑控制器用于控制信号发生器。工作时,中控台140产生驱动压电晶体130的信号。压电晶体130被激励时导致变幅杆120振动。连接至变幅杆120的末端部110也产生振动。当末端部110被插入眼前房并振动时,其动作导致患白内障的晶状体乳化。
图2描述了按照本发明的原理的偏置超声手柄。图2中的部件与图1中的部件以相似方式运行并具有相似特性。图2中,末端部210相对于压电晶体230发生偏置。此偏置通过变幅杆220的弯曲或成阶梯状而实现。这样,末端部中心线260相对于晶体中心线270偏置一个距离“d”。此距离可以较小以产生末端部210的较小的振荡运动,或者较大以产生末端部210的较大的振荡运动。这样,距离“d”与可见于末端部210处的振荡运动的幅度成比例。这样的配置导致末端部210产生从一边到另一边或环形方式的振荡或摇摆。从压电晶体230来的振动传导至变幅杆220,使得末端部210摇摆或振荡。
末端部210的末端部中心线260通常穿过末端部210的重心。类似的,晶体中心线270通常穿过压电晶体230的中心。当压电晶体230排列成环形时,晶体中心线270穿过该环的中心。末端部中心线260通常平行于晶体中心线270。然而,这两根线不必需平行。例如,末端部中心线260可与晶体中心线270成一个小的角度。以此方式,除了相对于压电晶体230偏置外,末端部210还可在末端部接口215处延伸一个小的角度。
图3描述了按照本发明的原理的偏置超声手柄。图3中的部件与图1中的部件以相似方式运行并具有相似特性。图3中,末端部310相对于压电晶体330发生偏置。此偏置通过变幅杆320的直径减小部分325处发生的弯曲或成阶梯状而实现。这样,末端部中心线360相对于晶体中心线370偏置一个距离“d”。此距离可以较小以产生末端部310的较小的振荡运动,或者较大以产生末端部310的较大的振荡运动。这样,距离“d”与可见于末端部310处的振荡运动的幅度成比例。这样的配置导致末端部310产生从一边到另一边或环形方式的振荡或摇摆。从压电晶体330来的振动传导至变幅杆320,使得末端部310摇摆或振荡。
末端部310的末端部中心线360通常穿过末端部310的重心。类似的,晶体中心线370通常穿过压电晶体330的中心。当压电晶体330排列成环形时,晶体中心线370穿过该环的中心。末端部中心线360通常平行于晶体中心线370。然而,这两根线不必需平行。例如,末端部中心线360可与晶体中心线370成一个小的角度。以此方式,除了相对于压电晶体370偏置外,末端部30还可在末端部接口315处延伸一个小的角度。
通过以上描述可以了解,本发明提供了一种用于摘除患白内障的晶状体的偏置超声手柄。本发明中,切割末端部相对于驱动手柄的压电晶体发生偏置。这样的偏置导致手柄末端部的振荡运动。本文中通过实施例对本发明进行描述,本领域普通技术人员也可进行各种修改。
在考虑本文所公开的本发明的特征和实例的情况下,本发明的其它实施例对本领域普通技术人员而言是明显的。说明书和实施例应仅仅认为是示例,本发明的真正范围和精神将由以下权利要求所限定。
Claims (4)
1.一种超声手柄,包括:
变幅杆;
联接至所述变幅杆的压电晶体;和
联接至所述变幅杆的切割末端部;
其中,所述压电晶体的中心线相对于所述切割末端部的中心线发生偏置,使得当所述压电晶体被激励时在所述切割末端部中产生振荡运动。
2.如权利要求1所述的手柄,其中所述变幅杆具有直径减小部分。
3.如权利要求2所述的手柄,其中所述直径减小部分是弯曲的,以产生所述偏置。
4.如权利要求1所述的手柄,其中所述变幅杆是弯曲的,以产生所述偏置。
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US12/188,689 | 2008-08-08 | ||
US12/188,689 US20100036256A1 (en) | 2008-08-08 | 2008-08-08 | Offset ultrasonic hand piece |
PCT/US2009/051136 WO2010017024A1 (en) | 2008-08-08 | 2009-07-20 | Offset ultrasonic hand piece |
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CN102105121A true CN102105121A (zh) | 2011-06-22 |
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CN2009801290704A Pending CN102105121A (zh) | 2008-08-08 | 2009-07-20 | 偏置超声手柄 |
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US (1) | US20100036256A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP2306947A1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2011530328A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN102105121A (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2009279913B2 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2730567A1 (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2502495C2 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2010017024A1 (zh) |
Cited By (1)
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CN108992089A (zh) * | 2013-03-15 | 2018-12-14 | 敦提大学校董事会 | 医疗设备及其可视化 |
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Also Published As
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EP2306947A1 (en) | 2011-04-13 |
RU2502495C2 (ru) | 2013-12-27 |
RU2011108565A (ru) | 2012-10-27 |
AU2009279913A1 (en) | 2010-02-11 |
JP2011530328A (ja) | 2011-12-22 |
CA2730567A1 (en) | 2010-02-11 |
WO2010017024A1 (en) | 2010-02-11 |
US20100036256A1 (en) | 2010-02-11 |
AU2009279913B2 (en) | 2014-11-06 |
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