CN102097966A - Cascade megawatt photovoltaic grid-connected inverter - Google Patents

Cascade megawatt photovoltaic grid-connected inverter Download PDF

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CN102097966A
CN102097966A CN2011100374909A CN201110037490A CN102097966A CN 102097966 A CN102097966 A CN 102097966A CN 2011100374909 A CN2011100374909 A CN 2011100374909A CN 201110037490 A CN201110037490 A CN 201110037490A CN 102097966 A CN102097966 A CN 102097966A
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power
output
inverter
switch unit
diode
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赵剑锋
王书征
施超
邵楚雯
刘晓康
晏阳
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Southeast University
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Southeast University
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

Abstract

The invention provides a cascade megawatt photovoltaic grid-connected inverter, wherein a topology structure of the cascade megawatt photovoltaic grid-connected inverter is composed of two levels, namely a DC/DC (direct current/direct current) isolation level and a DC/AC (direct current/alternating current) output level; the structures of three phases of circuits are the same; the output ends of a power inverter group of each single-phase of DC/DC output level are connected in a star shape; the input sides of power units of each single-phase level are provided with independent PV (photovoltaic) modules of the same structure; the DC/DC isolation level comprises high-frequency DC/AC, a high-frequency transformer and high-frequency AC/DC nodes of each single-phase for realizing isolation and boosting, and reducing the consumption of a switch tube via action of a resonant soft switch; the output level power transformer set adopts a bridge type inverter circuit; and the single-phase output level power units are connected with each other in a cascade mode. Based output cascade, the device can realize megawatt grid connection; as a high-frequency chain technology is used, the traditional low frequency transformer is omitted, and the power density is high; and compared with the existing photovoltaic grid-connected inverter structure, the device provided by the invention has the advantages of high energy conversion efficiency, excellent output energy quality, certain fault-tolerant capability and the like.

Description

Cascade connection type MW class photovoltaic combining inverter
Technical field
Patent of the present invention relates to a kind of topological structure of cascade connection type MW class photovoltaic combining inverter, belongs to power electronics in the application on power system technical field.
Background technology
Because the exhaustion of traditional energy and becoming increasingly conspicuous of environmental issue, the development and utilization of new forms of energy is important all the more, and wherein solar energy gains great popularity with advantages such as its economy, spatter properties.Since 21 century, the fast development of world's solar energy power generating industry, Chinese photovoltaic industry also develops rapidly with unprecedented speed." new forms of energy ", " energy-saving and emission-reduction " have now become the important directions of the national economic development, for the development of China's photovoltaic generation has increased vigor.
Solar energy grid-connected photovoltaic system without batteries to store energy, directly by combining inverter, is served electrical network to electric energy by photovoltaic is converted into electric energy.The high-power photovoltaic synchronization inverter is the core devices of photovoltaic power generation grid-connecting system, mainly bearing the maximal power tracing (MPPT) of photovoltaic array and the simple alternating current electric energy two main tasks that injects unity power factor to electrical network, the inverter performance is directly connected to reliability, efficient, cost and the life-span of system.
At present, with regard to domestic, the whole enterprise of Chinese photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter also has certain gap with external most advanced level on conversion efficiency, structural manufacturing process, workmanship, stability, especially on high-power technical merit; And the inverter manufacturer product of numerous domestic is single, and technical almost do not have difference.Traditional high-power photovoltaic synchronization inverter band Industrial Frequency Transformer is used for realizing buck and isolation features.But the adding of Industrial Frequency Transformer all is affected volume, weight, cost and the efficient of whole inverter apparatus.
As the core devices of photovoltaic power generation grid-connecting system, combining inverter must possess efficient and reliability height, the life-span is long and cost is low characteristics.Therefore, simplification topological structure, raising reliability, the raising output quality of power supply, raising are the research tendencies of the high-power photovoltaic synchronization inverter topology in future to the adaptability of electrical network
Summary of the invention
Technical problem:The objective of the invention is to propose a kind of topological structure of cascade connection type MW class photovoltaic combining inverter, can realize that the MPPT of high-power energy delivery, voltage transformation, electrical isolation, photovoltaic array controls and inject to electrical network the simple alternating current electric energy of unity power factor.Compare traditional photovoltaic combining inverter, this device adopts cascade structure, the DC/DC isolated converter adopts the phase shifting full bridge soft switch structure, saved Industrial Frequency Transformer, reduce volume, the weight of equipment greatly, reduced loss, improved whole conversion efficiency, can realize directly that high-power (MW class) is incorporated into the power networks, and can export the electric energy of better quality.With respect to existing photovoltaic combining inverter, the present invention also has the advantage that the switching device voltage stress is little, switching loss is little, output waveform THD value is little, conversion efficiency is high.
Technical scheme:The invention discloses a kind of topological structure of cascade connection type MW class photovoltaic combining inverter, this device adopts two-stage to constitute, i.e. isolation level, output stage; The structure of three-phase circuit is identical; The input side of each single-phase prime power unit is made of independent PV module, the PV(photovoltaic) filter capacitor in the output parallel connection of module; Isolation level power inverter group, promptly the DC/DC module comprises high frequency DC/AC link, high frequency transformer and high-frequency AC/DC link; The output-stage power converter groups, promptly the DC/AC module adopts the voltage-source type bridge inverter main circuit; Connect the former limit of high frequency transformer behind the input of first power inverter and the last input filter capacitor, the secondary of high frequency transformer connects the input of second power inverter, connects the input of the 3rd power inverter behind the output of second power inverter and the last dc filter capacitor; Cascade form is adopted in the connection of the 3rd power inverter in each single-phase every grade of prime power unit; The output of the power inverter group of each single-phase DC/AC output stage is connected to the grid after according to star-like connection.
The prime power unit is based on DC-HFAC-DC-LFAC type photovoltaic combining inverter, and the input of its each phase prime power unit is by PV module and input filter capacitor C InCompose in parallel the input of the output termination isolation level of PV module; First power inverter adopts first power switch unit, second power switch unit, the 3rd power switch unit, the 4th power switch unit to form the bridge type topology structure in the isolation level of each phase prime power unit, connect the former limit of high frequency transformer anode after first power switch unit noninductive electric capacity in parallel, the complementary conducting of second power switch unit noninductive electric capacity in parallel, connect the former limit of high frequency transformer negative terminal after the 3rd power switch unit, the complementary conducting of the 4th power switch unit; The high frequency transformer secondary has two identical windings, and the output of two windings links to each other with two second power inverters of symmetrical configuration respectively, and two second power inverters are connected up and down; The bridge rectifier that second power inverter is made up of first power diode, second power diode, the 3rd power diode, the 4th power diode, passive clamp circuit that the 5th power diode, the 6th power diode, clamping capacitance are formed and output inductor, output filter capacitor constitute; Connection mid point after first power diode, the series connection of the 3rd power diode connects the secondary first winding anode of high frequency transformer, and the connection mid point after second power diode, the series connection of the 4th power diode connects the secondary first winding negative terminal of high frequency transformer; Connect the output of bridge rectifier after the 5th power diode, the clamping capacitance series connection, connect the output of bridge rectifier after output inductor, the output filter capacitor series connection, the 6th power diode anode connects the 5th power diode negative electrode, and the 6th power diode negative electrode connects the anode of output filter capacitor; The 3rd power inverter adopts the 5th power switch unit, the 6th power switch unit, the 7th power switch unit, the 8th power switch unit to form the bridge type topology structure in the output stage of each phase prime power unit, positive termination second power inverter series connection back output plus terminal of the 5th power switch unit, the 7th power switch unit, the negative terminal of the 6th power switch unit, the 8th power switch unit connects second power inverter series connection back output negative terminal; Described each power switch unit is composed in parallel with a diode that oppositely is connected by an IGBT.
A kind of three-phase structure of cascade connection type MW class photovoltaic combining inverter is identical, the groundwork principle of prime power cellular construction is: input side is the solar energy photovoltaic array, be the PV module, be output as direct current, and the output voltage electric current changes with the variation of solar radiation intensity and ambient temperature; Isolation level is mainly used to realize the effect of MPPT control, electrical isolation and regulated output voltage for the phase shifting full bridge soft switch DC/DC topological structure of band high frequency transformer; First power inverter in the isolation level is converted into high-frequency square-wave signal by bridge circuit with direct current signal, it is the DC-AC link, second power inverter in the isolation level is reduced into direct current signal by the uncontrollable rectification of diode with high-frequency square-wave signal, i.e. the AC-DC link; The leading arm switch pipe of the first power inverter bridge circuit last one noninductive electric capacity respectively in parallel is to realize zero voltage switch, the series connection of high frequency transformer secondary two parts rectifier bridge, thereby reduce the voltage stress of rectifier diode, the peak voltage that the passive clamp circuit that electric capacity and diode are formed is mainly used to realize lagging leg switch tube zero current switch and suppresses the rectifier diode two ends, thereby the reduction switching loss improves conversion efficiency; The output-stage power converter groups of prime power unit adopts bridge inverter main circuit, and cascade structure is adopted in the connection of output stage, thereby can improve the output voltage grade, and output can be directly in parallel with the 10KV electrical network; The inversion side adopts suitable modulator approach, can make output waveform have the higher quality of power supply.
A kind of cascade connection type MW class photovoltaic combining inverter, the cascade number of its each single-phase prime power unit is by power and the line voltage grade decision of being incorporated into the power networks.
Beneficial effect:Cascade connection type MW class photovoltaic combining inverter of the present invention except the advantage that possesses the conventional photovoltaic combining inverter, with respect to the domestic and international design that proposes, also has the following advantages:
1. a photovoltaic combining inverter is directly realized high-power being incorporated into the power networks by cascade structure, has saved traditional Industrial Frequency Transformer, has reduced the volume and weight of equipment, has improved the power density of device.
2. a photovoltaic combining inverter adopts the mode of prime power unit combination to constitute, the isolation level of prime power unit adopts phase shifting full bridge soft switch DC/DC topological structure, by shunt capacitance and passive clamp circuit, make the switching device voltage stress little, switching loss is little, the energy conversion efficiency height.
3. the output stage of a photovoltaic combining inverter can realize high voltage, high-power output, and can make the grid-connected current waveform have the higher quality of power supply by certain modulator approach by cascade structure.
4. a cascade connection type photovoltaic combining inverter can also pass through Bypass Control, excises the power cell that is broken down fast, makes this device have certain fault-tolerant ability, guarantees the safe and reliable of whole system.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the single-phase overall structure schematic diagram of this cascade connection type MW class photovoltaic combining inverter; Wherein have: first power inverter 1, second power inverter 2, the 3rd power inverter 3, high frequency transformer 4.
Fig. 2 is this cascade connection type MW class photovoltaic combining inverter three-phase block mold block diagram;
Embodiment
The present invention is a kind of topological structure of cascade connection type MW class photovoltaic combining inverter, and this device adopts two-stage to constitute, i.e. isolation level, output stage; The structure of three-phase circuit is identical, and the input side of each single-phase prime power unit is made of independent PV module, filter capacitor in the output parallel connection of PV module; Isolation level power inverter group, promptly the DC/DC module comprises high frequency DC/AC link, high frequency transformer and high-frequency AC/DC link; The output-stage power converter groups, promptly the DC/AC module adopts the voltage-source type bridge inverter main circuit; Connect the former limit of high frequency transformer behind the input of first power inverter and the last input filter capacitor, the secondary of high frequency transformer connects the input of second power inverter, connects the input of the 3rd power inverter behind the output of second power inverter and the last dc energy storage electric capacity; The output of the 3rd power inverter that each is single-phase is connected in series; Three-phase output end directly inserts electrical network according to star-like connection back.
As shown in Figure 1, the input side of its each phase prime power unit is PV module and input filter capacitor C by photovoltaic array InCompose in parallel the input of the output termination isolation level of PV module; First power inverter 1 adopts first power switch unit in the isolation level of each phase prime power unit S1, second power switch unit S2, the 3rd power switch unit S3, the 4th power switch unit S4 forms bridge type topology structure, first power switch unit S1 noninductive capacitor C in parallel S1, the second power switch unit S2 noninductive capacitor C in parallel S2Connect high frequency transformer 4 former limit anodes, the 3rd power switch unit after the complementary conducting S3, connect high frequency transformer 4 former limit negative terminals after the complementary conducting of the 4th power switch unit S4; High frequency transformer 4 secondary have two windings, and the output of two windings links to each other with second power inverter 2 of two symmetrical configuration respectively, and two power inverters are connected up and down; The bridge rectifier that second power inverter 2 is made up of the first power diode D1, the second power diode D2, the 3rd power diode D3, the 4th power diode D4, passive clamp circuit and output inductor L that the 5th power diode D5, the 6th power diode D6, clamping capacitance C1 form F1, output filter capacitor C F1Constitute; Connection mid point after the first power diode D1, the 3rd power diode D3 series connection connects the secondary first winding anode of high frequency transformer 4, second power
Connection mid point after diode D2, the 4th power diode D4 series connection connects the secondary first winding negative terminal of high frequency transformer 4; Connect the output of bridge rectifier after the 5th power diode D5, the clamping capacitance C1 series connection, output inductor L F1, output filter capacitor C F1Connect the output of bridge rectifier after the series connection, the 6th power diode D6 anode connects the 5th power diode D5 negative electrode, and the 6th power diode D6 negative electrode connects the anode of output filter capacitor Cf1; The 3rd power inverter 3 adopts the 5th power switch unit S5, the 6th power switch unit S6, the 7th power switch unit S7, the 8th power switch unit S8 to form the bridge type topology structure in the output stage of single-phase prime power unit, output plus terminal after positive termination second power inverter 2 series connection of the 5th power switch unit S5, the 7th power switch unit S7, the negative terminal of the 6th power switch unit S6, the 8th power switch unit S8 connects the output negative terminal after 2 series connection of second power inverter; Described each power switch unit is composed in parallel with a diode that oppositely is connected by an IGBT.
In large power photovoltaic grid-connection system was used, the prime power unit of this cascade connection type MW class photovoltaic combining inverter was based on DC-HFAC-DC-LFAC type topological structure; Input side is the solar energy photovoltaic array, and promptly the PV module is output as direct current, and output voltage U i changes with the variation of solar radiation intensity and ambient temperature; Isolation level is mainly used to realize the effect of MPPT control, electrical isolation and regulated output voltage Uo for the phase shifting full bridge soft switch DC/DC topological structure of band high frequency transformer; First power inverter in the isolation level is converted into high-frequency square-wave signal by bridge circuit with direct current signal, it is the DC-AC link, second power inverter in the isolation level is reduced into direct current signal by the uncontrollable rectification of diode with high-frequency square-wave signal, i.e. the AC-DC link; The leading arm switch pipe of the first power inverter bridge circuit last one noninductive electric capacity respectively in parallel is to realize zero voltage switch, the series connection of high frequency transformer secondary two parts rectifier bridge, thereby reduce the voltage stress of rectifier diode, the peak voltage that the passive clamp circuit that electric capacity and diode are formed is mainly used to realize lagging leg switch tube zero current switch and suppresses the rectifier diode two ends, thereby the reduction switching loss improves conversion efficiency; The output-stage power converter groups of prime power unit adopts bridge inverter main circuit, and cascade structure is adopted in the connection of output stage, thereby can improve the output voltage grade, and output can be directly in parallel with the 10KV electrical network; The inversion side adopts suitable modulator approach, can make output waveform have less THD value, higher power factor, and the quality of power supply is guaranteed.
Each phase output stage of this cascade connection type MW class photovoltaic combining inverter adopts the output-stage power converter by the prime power unit to be connected in series, be convenient to flexible Application on the power distribution network circuit of each electric pressure, need not to utilize the duplex frequency boostering transformer coupling just can directly export high-power; The cascade number of its each single-phase prime power unit can excise the fault power unit by Bypass Control fast by power and the line voltage grade decision of being incorporated into the power networks, and guarantees the safe and reliable of whole system.

Claims (3)

1. cascade connection type MW class photovoltaic combining inverter is characterized in that: this topological structure that installs each single-phase prime power unit adopts isolation level, output stage two-stage to constitute, and the structure of three-phase circuit is identical; The input side of each single-phase prime power unit is made of independent PV module, filter capacitor in the output parallel connection of PV module; Isolation level power inverter group, promptly the DC/DC module comprises high frequency DC/AC link, high frequency transformer and high-frequency AC/DC link; The output-stage power converter groups, promptly the DC/AC module adopts the voltage-source type bridge inverter main circuit; Connect the former limit of high frequency transformer (4) behind the input of first power inverter (1) and the last input filter capacitor, the secondary of high frequency transformer (4) connects the input of second power inverter (2), connects the input of the 3rd power inverter (3) behind the output of second power inverter (2) and the last dc filter capacitor; Cascade form is adopted in the connection of the 3rd power inverter (3) of single-phase prime poweies at different levels unit; The output of the power inverter group of each single-phase DC/AC output stage is connected to the grid after according to star-like connection.
2. a kind of cascade connection type MW class photovoltaic combining inverter as claimed in claim 1, the input side that it is characterized in that this inverter prime power unit is formed the PV module by the photovoltaic cell plate serioparallel of same structure and quantity independently; The isolation level power inverter group of prime power unit adopts the phase shifting full bridge soft switch topological structure of band high frequency transformer (4); The output-stage power converter groups of prime power unit adopts bridge inverter main circuit, and cascade structure is adopted in the connection of the output stage of single-phase prime poweies at different levels unit.
3. the topological structure of a kind of cascade connection type MW class photovoltaic combining inverter as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the input side of its each phase prime power unit is by PV module and input filter capacitor (C In) compose in parallel the input of the output termination isolation level of PV module; First power inverter (1) employing, first power switch unit in the isolation level of each phase prime power unit ( S1), second power switch unit ( S2), the 3rd power switch unit ( S3), the 4th power switch unit (S4) forms the bridge type topology structure, first power switch unit ( S1) noninductive capacitor C in parallel S1, second power switch unit (S2) noninductive capacitor C in parallel S2Connect the former limit of high frequency transformer (4) anode after the complementary conducting, the 3rd power switch unit ( S3), connect the former limit of high frequency transformer (4) negative terminal after the complementary conducting of the 4th power switch unit (S4); Two winding constructions of high frequency transformer (4) secondary are symmetry fully, and the output of two windings of secondary connects the input of second power inverter (2) of two same structures respectively, two second power inverter series connection outputs; The bridge rectifier that second power inverter (2) is made up of first power diode (D1), second power diode (D2), the 3rd power diode (D3), the 4th power diode (D4), passive clamp circuit and output inductor (L that the 5th power diode (D5), the 6th power diode (D6), clamping capacitance (C1) are formed F1), output filter capacitor (C F1) constitute; Connection mid point after first power diode (D1), the 3rd power diode (D3) series connection connects the secondary winding anode of high frequency transformer (4), and the connection mid point after second power diode (D2), the 4th power diode (D4) series connection connects the secondary winding negative terminal of high frequency transformer (4); Connect the output of bridge rectifier after the 5th power diode (D5), clamping capacitance (C1) series connection, output inductor (L F1), output filter capacitor (C F1) connecing the output of bridge rectifier after the series connection, the 6th power diode (D6) anode connects the 5th power diode (D5) negative electrode, and the 6th power diode (D6) negative electrode meets output filter capacitor (C F1) anode; The 3rd power inverter (3) employing the 5th power switch unit in the output stage of each phase prime power unit ( S5), the 6th power switch unit (S6), the 7th power switch unit ( S7), the 8th power switch unit (S8) forms the bridge type topology structure, the 5th power switch unit ( S5), the 7th power switch unit ( S7) output plus terminal after positive termination second power inverter (2) series connection, the negative terminal of the 6th power switch unit (S6), the 8th power switch unit (S8) connects the output negative terminal after second power inverter (2) series connection; Described each power switch unit is composed in parallel with a diode that oppositely is connected by an IGBT.
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Application publication date: 20110615