CN113364035A - Topological structure of medium-voltage direct-hanging photovoltaic power generation system - Google Patents
Topological structure of medium-voltage direct-hanging photovoltaic power generation system Download PDFInfo
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- CN113364035A CN113364035A CN202110655762.5A CN202110655762A CN113364035A CN 113364035 A CN113364035 A CN 113364035A CN 202110655762 A CN202110655762 A CN 202110655762A CN 113364035 A CN113364035 A CN 113364035A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
- H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
- H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
- H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
- H02M7/53871—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
- H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Inverter Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a topological structure of a medium-voltage direct-hanging photovoltaic power generation system, which comprises a plurality of power modules, wherein each power module consists of a photovoltaic module, a high-frequency isolation DC/DC converter module and a DC/AC converter module, the power modules are connected in parallel to form an overall topological structure through a cascade H-bridge structure, the power modules are independently designed, the input sides of the power modules are not connected with a common direct-current bus, and the output sides of the power modules adopt a series structure. The topological structure of the invention adopts the high-frequency isolation DC/DC converter, thus reducing the volume and weight of the whole machine and lowering the cost; by adopting a cascaded H-bridge topology, the number of power electronic devices is reduced, the redundant design is conveniently realized, the redundant mode is seamlessly switched, and the running safety and stability of the system are improved; the virtual synchronous motor is adopted for control, voltage and frequency support can be provided for a power grid, system inertia and damping are increased, and safe and stable operation of a power network can be supported more stably.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a topological structure technology, in particular to a topological structure of a medium-voltage direct-hanging photovoltaic power generation system.
Background
Due to the problems of exhaustion of energy margin and serious environmental pollution caused by the massive development of fossil energy, renewable energy power generation technology is being developed in great force around the world. As a big energy country, China develops a renewable energy power generation technology and is an important measure for promoting energy production and transformation. Among the currently available renewable energy sources, solar energy is recognized as the mainstream direction of the development of the renewable energy source in the 21 st century because of large reserves, convenient equipment installation and flexible scale.
The medium-voltage direct-hanging photovoltaic power generation system is mainly applied to grid-connected power generation of photovoltaic power stations as a novel photovoltaic power generation system structure, and has received extensive attention in recent years from researchers at home and abroad. A power frequency boosting transformer is selected for a traditional photovoltaic power generation system, and the traditional photovoltaic power generation system has the defects of large size, high cost, low conversion efficiency and the like. The high-frequency isolation converter is adopted to replace a power frequency booster transformer, night loss and reactive loss are avoided, a reactive compensation device is not needed, and the system efficiency and the power density are improved.
In the current research situation of a medium-voltage direct-hanging photovoltaic power generation system, the research on the topology and the control mode of the system is particularly critical. Currently, most of medium-voltage direct-hanging photovoltaic power generation systems researched adopt a cascade topology based on Modular Multilevel Converters (MMCs), and the topology needs a large number of power electronic switching devices, so that the complexity, the insulation cost and the efficiency of the system are increased, and the efficiency is reduced.
Besides the topology, the control method also has a direct influence on the performance of the whole system. The photovoltaic power generation mainly uses a power electronic converter as a grid-connected interface, and different from the traditional synchronous generator, the power electronic converter does not have the characteristics of rotational inertia and damping which are beneficial to stable operation of a power grid. As the penetration rate of the distributed power supply in the power system is continuously increased, a serious challenge is brought to the safe and stable operation of the power system. The traditional photovoltaic power generation grid connection adopts a double closed loop control mode of combining a voltage outer loop with a current inner loop, the control is simple, but power support cannot be provided for a power grid, and the problem of reduction of system inertia caused by improvement of the photovoltaic grid connection permeability cannot be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the problems of insufficient voltage resistance of a single power electronic device and the problems of complex MMC type structure system, large number of switching devices and high cost in the prior art, thereby providing a medium-voltage direct-hanging photovoltaic power generation system topological structure controlled by a virtual synchronous motor.
In order to solve the technical problems, the topological structure of the medium-voltage direct-hanging photovoltaic power generation system comprises a plurality of power modules, wherein each power module consists of a photovoltaic module, a high-frequency isolation DC/DC converter module and a DC/AC converter module, the power modules are connected in parallel to form an overall topological structure through a cascade H-bridge structure, the power modules are designed independently, the input sides of the power modules are not connected with a common direct-current bus, and the output sides of the power modules adopt a series structure.
In an embodiment of the invention, the photovoltaic module, the high-frequency isolation DC/DC converter module and the DC/AC converter module are connected in series in sequence.
In an embodiment of the invention, the input end of the photovoltaic module is 1kV direct current voltage.
In one embodiment of the invention, the photovoltaic module in each power module is connected to the grid through a high-frequency isolation DC/DC converter and a DC/AC converter.
In an embodiment of the invention, the output side of each power module adopts a structure that the outputs of each power module are connected in series, so that the output is medium-voltage alternating current.
In an embodiment of the invention, the high-frequency isolation DC/DC converter module adopts a single phase shift control mode.
In an embodiment of the invention, the upper and lower switching tubes of each bridge arm in the high-frequency isolated DC/DC converter module are complementarily turned on at 180 °.
In an embodiment of the invention, the diagonal switching tubes between each bridge arm are simultaneously conducted.
In one embodiment of the invention, the DC/AC converter module adopts a virtual synchronous machine control strategy by simulating the operation mechanism of the synchronous generator in control.
In one embodiment of the invention, the equivalent VSM of the DC/AC converter module has a pole pair number of 1.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the topological structure of the invention adopts the high-frequency isolation DC/DC converter, thus reducing the volume and weight of the whole machine and lowering the cost; by adopting a cascaded H-bridge topology, the number of power electronic devices is reduced, the redundant design is conveniently realized, the redundant mode is seamlessly switched, and the running safety and stability of the system are improved; the virtual synchronous motor is adopted for control, voltage and frequency support can be provided for a power grid, system inertia and damping are increased, and safe and stable operation of a power network can be supported more stably.
Drawings
In order that the present disclosure may be more readily and clearly understood, reference will now be made in detail to the present disclosure, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the general structure of a medium-voltage direct-hanging photovoltaic power generation system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a main circuit topology of a medium-voltage direct-hanging photovoltaic power generation system according to the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a single power module in a main circuit topology of a medium-voltage direct-hanging photovoltaic power generation system according to the invention;
FIG. 4 is a working waveform of a main circuit topology of a medium-voltage direct-hanging photovoltaic power generation system in a complete cycle of a high-frequency isolation DC/DC module;
FIG. 5 is an equivalent mathematical model of a high-frequency isolation DC/DC module in a main circuit topology of the medium-voltage direct-hanging photovoltaic power generation system of the invention;
fig. 6 is a control block diagram of the virtual synchronous motor control of the DC/AC module in the main circuit topology of the medium-voltage direct-hanging photovoltaic power generation system.
As shown in the figure: 1. the photovoltaic module, 2, high frequency isolation DC/DC converter module, 3, DC/AC converter module.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a topological structure of a medium-voltage direct-hanging photovoltaic power generation system, which includes a plurality of power modules, where each of the power modules includes a photovoltaic module 1, a high-frequency isolation DC/DC converter module 2, and a DC/AC converter module 3, and the plurality of power modules are connected in parallel and form an overall topological structure through a cascade H-bridge structure, the power modules are all designed independently, an input side of each of the power modules is not connected to a common DC bus, and an output side of each of the power modules is connected in series.
Further, the photovoltaic module 1, the high-frequency isolation DC/DC converter module 2 and the DC/AC converter module 3 are connected in series in sequence.
As shown in fig. 2, the input end of the photovoltaic module 1 is a 1kV DC voltage, and after passing through the high-frequency isolation DC/DC converter and the DC/AC converter, the input end is connected in series with the outputs of other power modules to implement grid connection.
The output side of each power module adopts a structure that the outputs of the power modules are connected in series, so that the output is medium-voltage alternating current.
As an improvement, because a power grid is developing direct current transmission and new energy, and the new energy has the characteristics of intermittence, randomness, instability and the like, the problem of impact of new energy grid connection on the power grid needs to be solved, and the supporting capability of a receiving-end power grid on voltage and frequency is improved. At present, a common manufacturer selects a power frequency boosting transformer for a transformer, the cost is high due to large volume, large occupied area and high loss, a high-frequency isolation converter is used for replacing the power frequency boosting transformer, night loss and reactive loss are avoided, a reactive compensation device is not needed, and the system efficiency and the power density are improved.
When the overall topological structure is formed by connecting 3 power module outputs in series, the input end of the photovoltaic module 1 is 1kV direct current voltage, the output of the power module is 10kV medium-voltage alternating current, as shown in fig. 3, a cascade H-bridge topological structure is arranged between the input end and the output end, and as the cascade H-bridge structure outputs a series structure, only the output voltage sharing is needed to be kept, namely, a single power module outputs 3.33kV through a single power module. The cascade H-bridge structure is adopted, the number of power electronic devices is reduced, when a certain power module exits from operation due to faults, the redundant design can be realized, the redundant mode can be seamlessly switched, and the safety and the stability of system operation are improved.
As shown in the equivalent mathematical model of the high-frequency isolation DC/DC module of fig. 5, the high-frequency isolation DC/DC converter module 2 adopts a single phase shift control mode, and under the condition of not considering dead time, the upper and lower switching tubes of each bridge arm are complementarily turned on at 180 degrees, and the diagonal switching tubes are simultaneously turned on. Defining the phase-shift duty cycle as
The converter is divided into ten switching modes in one switching period, and the operating principle of the converter can be known through analyzing the ten switching modes as follows: when the converter is operating in the forward direction, SL1、SL4And SL2、SL3Respectively leading the waveform of the driving signal by SN1、SN4And SN2、SN3At this time
In reverse operation, SL1、SL4And SL2、SL3Respectively lags by SN1、SN4And SN2、SN3At this time
From modal analysis, the inductor current can be expressed as:
the high-frequency isolation DC/DC module power transmission calculation formula is as follows:
the output current of the high-frequency isolation DC/DC module is as follows:
the working waveform and the equivalent mathematical model of the high-frequency isolation DC/DC module in the complete period are shown in the attached figure 4.
The DC/AC converter module with the structure can adopt a virtual synchronous generator control strategy, is similar to a synchronous generator in external characteristics by simulating the operation mechanism of the synchronous generator in control, has the capacity of providing frequency and voltage support for a power grid and increasing system inertia and damping, and can effectively solve the problem of reduction of the system inertia caused by improvement of grid-connected permeability of a photovoltaic power supply.
If the equivalent VSM of the DC/AC converter module with this structure has a pole pair number of 1, the mechanical characteristic equation of the rotor of the VSMD is:
in the formula: j is the rotor moment of inertia; d is a damping coefficient; tm and Te are mechanical torque and electromagnetic torque respectively; omega is mechanical angular velocity; omega 0 is the synchronous angular speed of the power grid; theta is the work angle.
As shown in the control block diagram of fig. 6, the virtual synchronous generator control strategy introduces a rotor swing equation based on the conventional droop control, increases the order of the system, and changes the power response characteristic of the distributed power supply accordingly.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications of the invention may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The topological structure of the medium-voltage direct-hanging photovoltaic power generation system comprises a plurality of power modules and is characterized in that the power modules are internally composed of photovoltaic modules (1), a high-frequency isolation DC/DC converter module (2) and a DC/AC converter module (3), the power modules are connected in parallel to form an overall topological structure through a cascade H-bridge structure, the power modules are designed independently, the input sides of the power modules are not connected with a common direct-current bus, and the output sides of the power modules adopt a series structure.
2. The topology structure of the medium voltage direct-hanging photovoltaic power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the photovoltaic module (1), the high-frequency isolation DC/DC converter module (2) and the DC/AC converter module (3) are connected in series in sequence.
3. The topology structure of the medium voltage direct-hanging photovoltaic power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the input end of the photovoltaic module (1) is 1kV direct current voltage.
4. The topology structure of the medium-voltage direct-hanging photovoltaic power generation system according to claim 2, characterized in that: photovoltaic modules (1) in each power module are connected with the grid through a high-frequency isolation DC/DC converter and a DC/AC converter.
5. The topology structure of the medium voltage direct-hanging photovoltaic power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the output side of each power module adopts a structure that the outputs of the power modules are connected in series, so that the output is medium-voltage alternating current.
6. The topology structure of the medium voltage direct-hanging photovoltaic power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the high-frequency isolation DC/DC converter module (2) adopts a single phase-shifting control mode.
7. The topology structure of the medium voltage direct-hanging photovoltaic power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the upper and lower switching tubes of each bridge arm in the high-frequency isolation DC/DC converter module (2) are in 180-degree complementary conduction.
8. The topology structure of the medium voltage direct-hanging photovoltaic power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: and the diagonal switch tubes between each bridge arm are simultaneously conducted.
9. The topology structure of the medium voltage direct-hanging photovoltaic power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the DC/AC converter module (3) adopts a virtual synchronous motor control strategy and simulates the operation mechanism of the synchronous generator in control.
10. The topology structure of the medium voltage direct-hanging photovoltaic power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the pole pair number of the equivalent VSM of the DC/AC converter module (3) is 1.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116545282A (en) * | 2023-04-06 | 2023-08-04 | 山东艾诺智能仪器有限公司 | High-low gear switching method of high-frequency isolation alternating-current power supply and alternating-current power supply |
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| CN102097966A (en) * | 2011-02-14 | 2011-06-15 | 东南大学 | Cascade megawatt photovoltaic grid-connected inverter |
| CN105743121A (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2016-07-06 | 国家电网公司 | Direct grid connected type photovoltaic power station circuit topological structure |
| US10700614B1 (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2020-06-30 | Institute Of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy Of Sciences | Series-type photovoltaic high-voltage DC grid-connected converter topological circuit and modulation method thereof |
| CN111600333A (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2020-08-28 | 青岛鼎信通讯股份有限公司 | 10kV medium-voltage direct-hanging type photovoltaic power station system |
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- 2021-06-11 CN CN202110655762.5A patent/CN113364035A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102097966A (en) * | 2011-02-14 | 2011-06-15 | 东南大学 | Cascade megawatt photovoltaic grid-connected inverter |
| CN105743121A (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2016-07-06 | 国家电网公司 | Direct grid connected type photovoltaic power station circuit topological structure |
| US10700614B1 (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2020-06-30 | Institute Of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy Of Sciences | Series-type photovoltaic high-voltage DC grid-connected converter topological circuit and modulation method thereof |
| CN111600333A (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2020-08-28 | 青岛鼎信通讯股份有限公司 | 10kV medium-voltage direct-hanging type photovoltaic power station system |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116545282A (en) * | 2023-04-06 | 2023-08-04 | 山东艾诺智能仪器有限公司 | High-low gear switching method of high-frequency isolation alternating-current power supply and alternating-current power supply |
| CN116545282B (en) * | 2023-04-06 | 2024-03-19 | 山东艾诺智能仪器有限公司 | High-low gear switching method of high-frequency isolation alternating-current power supply and alternating-current power supply |
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