CN104467006B - The cascade multilevel photovoltaic grid-connected inverter control system of three-phase - Google Patents
The cascade multilevel photovoltaic grid-connected inverter control system of three-phase Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009432 framing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H02J3/385—
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of cascade multilevel photovoltaic grid-connected inverter control systems of three-phase, it includes master controller, fiber optic communication unit, multiple sub-controllers, driver one, driver two, zero-crossing comparator, voltage transformer；The master controller is connected by fiber optic communication unit with each sub-controller, sub-controller is for driving the signal of DC-DC module directly to connect with driver two, and sub-controller is for connecting driver one after driving the signal of DC-AC module to be multiplied with zero-crossing comparator output signal.It is the configuration of the present invention is simple, easy to operate, each DC-DC module to the cascade multilevel photovoltaic grid-connected inverter of three-phase, the independent control of DC-AC module may be implemented, the disparate modules work of same phase does not influence mutually, three-phase inversion is completely independent control, improve circuit reliability and stability, the three-phase cascaded multilevel inverter DC voltage utilization rate controlled is high, and the switching frequency of switching tube is low, and system capacity utilization rate is high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to photovoltaic inversion field of generating equipment, refer in particular to a kind of three-phase cascade specializing in photo-voltaic power generation station and using
Multilevel photovoltaic grid-connected inverter control system.
Background technique
With the development of human society, the consumption of the energy is being continuously increased, and fossil energy in the world is one day
It is up to the limit.Simultaneously as a large amount of burn fossil energy, global ecological environment is worsening, existence and hair to the mankind
Exhibition constitutes very big threat.In this context, renewable energy of the solar energy as a kind of flood tide, causes people's
Pay much attention to, national governments are gradually pushing the development of solar energy power generating industry.
A kind of topological structure of the cascaded multilevel inverter as high-voltage high-power converter receives expert in recent years
The close attention of person, with the development of photovoltaic power generation technology, cascaded multilevel inverter is widely used in field of photovoltaic power generation.So
And the realization of cascaded multilevel inverter is decided by the design of control system and the selection of control method, grade receipts or other documents in duplicate to a greater extent
First number is more, and control system is more complicated.The control method of cascaded multilevel inverter mostly uses carrier modulation, space at this stage
Vector Modulation,
Particular harmonic null method and other modulator approaches derived from by these three typical modulation methods, these modulator approaches with
The increase of concatenation unit number, realize difficulty it is bigger.
Three-phase cascading multiple electrical level photovoltaic parallel inverter control system is that aim at three-phase cascade multilevel photovoltaic grid-connected inverse
Become the control system of device design, which can respectively cascade the power output of inversion unit with independent control, so that photovoltaic is inverse
Solar panel work can also carry out independent MPPT maximum power point tracking (Maximum in the state of mismatch in change system
Power Point Tracking, abbreviation mppt) control, three-phase cascaded multilevel inverter can be in the lower feelings of switching frequency
Satisfied output effect is obtained under condition, not only reduces switching loss, reduces filter volume, has saved filter cost,
Simultaneously effective improve the efficiency of power conversion system.The cascade multilevel photovoltaic grid-connected inverter control system control three of three-phase
N+1 Redundancy Design may be implemented in phase cascaded multilevel inverter, and inverter exports caused by overcoming due to intensity of illumination variation
Voltage fluctuation allows photovoltaic battery array wide range output voltage to adjust, output voltage waveforms Quality advance, percent harmonic distortion
It is small.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is intended to design a kind of cascade multilevel photovoltaic grid-connected inverter control system of three-phase, so that each
Photovoltaic battery array realizes independent MPPT maximum power point tracking in the state of mismatch, guarantees that cascaded multilevel inverter is stablized
The coordinated of reliability service and entire cascade multilevel photovoltaic grid-connected inverter control system, it is final realize output voltage with
The variation of track network voltage.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
The cascade multilevel photovoltaic grid-connected inverter control system of three-phase, it is characterised in that: three-phase cascade connection multi-level photovoltaic is simultaneously
The each phase of the main circuit of net inverter includes n PV array (i.e. photovoltaic battery array), n DC-DC module, n DC-AC mould
Block, the PV array output DC voltage is as the power supply of DC-DC module after capacitor filtering, and DC-DC module is by control system
It is controlled, realizes mppt control, and guarantee that the output voltage of each DC-DC module is equal, the voltages cascade connection multi-level such as satisfaction
The supply voltage requirement of inverter, DC-DC module output voltage is after capacitor filtering as the power supply of DC-AC module, DC-AC mould
Block is controlled by control system, and the output end series connection of multiple DC-AC modules exports after inductor filter.Three-phase inverter
Each phase main circuit structure is completely the same, the connection of output end Y shape.
The control system includes that master controller, fiber optic communication unit, multiple sub-controllers, zero-crossing comparator, voltage are mutual
Sensor and driver, the driver include driver one and driver two, master controller by fiber optic communication unit with it is each
Sub-controller is connected, and sub-controller output is used to that the control signal wire of DC-DC module to be driven directly to be connected with driver two, point
The control signal for controlling DC-AC module of controller output connects driver one, driver after being multiplied with zero-crossing comparator
Two are connected with DC-DC module, for controlling the voltage transformation and mppt control, driver one and DC-AC module phase of DC-DC module
Even, for controlling the inversion of DC-AC module.
The master controller and sub-controller constitute two-stage distributed computer control system, utilize mains voltage signal reality
The synchronization and coordination of existing each series inverter, including following rate-determining steps:
Step 1: master controller detects grid voltage amplitude UaMAX, UbMAX, UcMAXWith frequency f；
Step 2: network voltage is converted to the low-voltage signal of suitable control system through voltage transformer, low-voltage signal warp
Zero-crossing comparator exports tri- square-wave signals of PWMa, PWMb, PWMc；
Step 3: effective DC-AC module number of master controller detection each phase of three-phase cascaded multilevel inverter is simultaneously calculated as n,
If the DC-AC module cisco unity malfunction of a certain phase ignores the module on other two-phase corresponding positions, while to each
Sub-controller and its corresponding DC-AC module serial number 1,2,3,I,n；
Step 4: master controller is according to the three-phase voltage amplitude U of detectionaMAX, UbMAX, UcMAXIt issues and instructs to sub-control system,
The DC-DC module output voltage for seeking each phase is respectively UaMAX/n、UbMAX/n、UcMAX/n；
Step 5: master controller detects the zero crossing of PWMa, PWMb, PWMc signal, according to the specific number of each phase module
Calculate DC-AC module output voltage UaMAX/n、UbMAX/n、UcMAXThe phase angle of/n and duration:
The phase difference of two neighboring DC-AC module output voltage in same phase are as follows:
The phase angle of three corresponding zero crossings of i-th of DC-AC module away from PWMa, PWMb, PWMc signal are as follows:Corresponding i-th of DC-AC module work of starting from this moment.
The time that three corresponding i-th of DC-AC module continue working are as follows: [2n- (2i-1)]/(4nf)
Step 6: the correspondence DC-AC module of number and requirement that each sub-controller is given according to master controller works
Phase angle and run duration determine the control signal of each DC-AC module.
Step 7: sub-controller is according to phase where the DC-AC module controlled and number output control signal, the signal point
Not with PWMa, PWMb, PWMc signal multiplication, gained signal send drive module one, for driving DC-AC module, realizes that cascade is inverse
It is symmetrical to become device output voltage positive-negative half-cycle.
Rapid eight: PV module output voltage and electric current and master controller requirement of the sub-controller by detection corresponding position
Corresponding DC-DC module output voltage is UaMAX/n、UbMAX/n、UcMAX/ n calculates the pulsewidth tune of each DC-DC module upper switch pipe
Signal dutyfactor processed realizes the MPPT maximum power point tracking control of PV module.
Compared with prior art, above scheme of the invention may be implemented to each DC-DC module, DC-AC module it is only
The disparate modules work of vertical control, same phase does not influence mutually, realizes that three-phase is completely independent control, increases the reliable of system
Property, the three-phase cascaded multilevel inverter DC voltage utilization rate controlled is high, and the switching frequency of switching tube is low, system effectiveness
It is high.The present invention realizes synchronization and coordination between each DC-AC module using mains voltage signal, reduces and holds to communicating circuit
The requirement of amount improves the reliability of control system, has saved cost.
Detailed description of the invention
Present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings and examples.
Fig. 1 is the structural framing schematic diagram of the cascade multilevel photovoltaic grid-connected inverter of three-phase and control system:
Fig. 2 is control system circuit theory schematic diagram of the invention；
Fig. 3 is the main circuit structure figure of A phase of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is A phase exemplary waveform diagram；
Fig. 5 is specific embodiments of the present invention.
Marginal data
1, PV array 2, DC-DC module 3, DC-AC module
4, control system 41, master controller 42, fiber optic communication unit
43, sub-controller 44, driver 1, driver two
46, zero-crossing comparator 5, voltage transformer
Symbol description
Ca1、Ca2、Ca3、Can、Ca1′、Ca2′、Ca3′、Can': A phase filter capacitor
Cb1、Cb2、Cb3、Cbn、Cb1′、Cb2′、Cb3′、Cbn': B phase filter capacitor
Cc1、Cc2、Cc3、Ccn、Cc1′、Cc2′、Cc3′、Ccn': C phase filter capacitor
Qa1、Qa2、Qan、Q11、Q12、Q13、Q14、Q21、Q22、Q23、Q24、Qn1、Qn2、Qn3、Qn4: IGBT
LA、LB、LC: filter inductance La1、La2、Lan: energy storage inductor
Da1、Da2、Dan: diode
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further details below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.
As shown in Figure 1, the cascade multilevel photovoltaic grid-connected inverter of three-phase of the invention and its control system, it includes 3n
PV array (1), 3n DC-DC module (2), 3n DC-AC module (3), control system (4), PV array (1) output voltage difference
Connect after capacitor filtering with DC-DC module (2), DC-DC module (2) output voltage respectively after capacitor filtering with DC-
AC module (3) connection, n DC-AC module (3) output end of each phase is sequentially connected in series, through inductance LxAfter (x A, B, C) filtering,
It is connect from the end a, b, c output voltage with power grid, O is the midpoint of three-phase.
Shown in Figure 2, control system (4) includes master controller (41), fiber optic communication unit (42), n sub-controller
(43), n driver one (44), n driver two (45), zero-crossing comparator (46) and voltage transformer (5), master controller
(41) it is connected by fiber optic communication unit (42) with the input terminal of n sub-controllers (43), the output end of sub-controller (43)
It is connected with n driver one (44) and n driver two (45), a driver two (45) connects three-phase inverter same position
On 3 DC-DC modules (2) switching device, the output signal of n driver two (45) is directly connected to 3n DC-DC module
(2) gate pole of switching device, a driver one (44) connect 3 DC-AC modules (3) in three-phase inverter same position
Switching device, the output signal of n driver one (44) is directly connected to each switching device of 3n DC-AC module (3)
Gate pole.
Referring to Fig. 3, A phase main circuit is made of n PV array (1), n DC-DC module (2), n DC-AC module (3),
Each DC-DC module (2) is by a switching device Qai(i takes 1,2 ..., n) and inductance Lai(i takes 1,2 ..., n) and two
Pole pipe Dai(i takes 1,2 ..., n) composition, each DC-AC module (3) is by four switching device Qi1、Qi2、Qi3、Qi4(i takes 1,
2 ..., n), composition, output end inductance LAIt plays a filtering role.Other two-phase main circuits of three-phase inverter are complete with A phase main circuit
It is complete consistent.
Shown in Figure 4, A phase typical signal waveform, the zero crossing of PWMa starts timing, when adjacent DC-AC module works
Sequence phase difference φ=π/(2n), i-th of module are started to work in (i+1/2) Δ φ phase, run duration [2n- (2i-
1)]/(4nf).The control signal of the control DC-AC module of sub-controller output obtains electricity if directly controlling DC-AC module
U waveform is pressed, in order to enable output waveform is sine, such as the u in Fig. 4aO, it is necessary to the control DC-AC module that sub-controller is exported
Control signal and corresponding phase zero-crossing comparator output signal multiplication.
Shown in Figure 5, the main circuit of the present embodiment has 9 PV arrays (1), 9 DC-DC modules (2), 9 DC-AC moulds
Block (3), each phase are composed in series three-phase three-stage inverter by the output end of 3 DC-AC modules (3).In the present embodiment, optical fiber
Communication unit (42) uses fiber optic communication, and master controller (41) and sub-controller (43) are all made of Embedded computer system list
Member.In the present embodiment, the control system (4) is by 1 master controller (41), 1 fiber optic communication unit (42) and 3 sub-controllers
(43), 3 drivers one (44), 3 drivers two (45), a zero-crossing comparator (46) and a threephase potential transformer
(5) it forms；A, 3 DC-DC modules (2) of the same stages of B, C three-phase and its corresponding DC-AC module (3) share an independence
Sub-controller (43), it acts as realize control and protection to DC-DC module (2) and DC-AC module (3), sub-control system
Device (43) detects output voltage signal and the output current signal of PV array (1) for realizing the mppt control to PV array (1)；
The function of master controller (41) is adjusting, the synchronous working for protecting and realizing each DC-AC module (3).DC-AC module (3) is over the ground
Voltage be float, therefore, sub-controller (43) from each other and they over the ground be electrically isolation, master controller
(41) optical-fibre communications is used between sub-controller (43).Sub-controller (43) and master controller (41) form two-stage distributed meter
The control of calculation machine.
When work, the 1st grade of the advanced row data processing of master controller (41), then pass through the optical fiber of fiber optic communication unit (42)
Communication is sent respectively by signal is controlled to the sub-controller (43) for being located at the 2nd grade, and sub-controller (43) is according to master controller (41)
Signal is controlled, controls DC-DC module (2) and DC-AC module (3) respectively.At work, sub-controller (43) detects DC-DC mould
The input voltage and output electric current of block (2), which are realized, controls the mppt of PV array (1), and master controller (41) passes through detection inverter
Network voltage parameter, send control signal to each sub-controller (43), each sub-controller (43) adjusts corresponding DC-DC
The working condition of module (2) and DC-AC module (3).
The above is only one embodiment of the present of invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, as long as belonging to the present invention
Technical solution under design, is within the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of cascade multilevel photovoltaic grid-connected inverter control system of three-phase, including master controller (41), fiber optic communication unit
(42), n sub-controller (43), n driver one (44), n driver two (45), zero-crossing comparator (46) and mutual induction of voltage
Device (5), the master controller (41) are connected by fiber optic communication unit (42) with each sub-controller (43), sub-controller (43)
Output end be connected with driver, it is characterised in that: be based on second level dcs, have independent control three-phase cascade it is more
The function of each cascade module of level grid-connected photovoltaic inverter and each phase output voltage；
The master controller (41) detects grid voltage amplitude UaMAX、UbMAX、UcMAXWith frequency f；
Effective DC-AC module number of master controller (41) detection each phase of three-phase cascaded multilevel inverter is simultaneously calculated as n, if
The DC-AC module cisco unity malfunction of a certain phase then ignores the module on other two-phase corresponding positions, while giving each sub-control
Device (43) processed and its corresponding DC-AC module serial number 1,2,3 ..., i ..., n；
The master controller (41) is according to the three-phase voltage amplitude U of detectionaMAX、UbMAX、UcMAXIt issues and instructs to sub-controller,
The DC-DC module output voltage for seeking each phase is respectively UaMAX/n、UbMAX/n、UcMAX/n；
PV module output voltage and electric current and master controller requirement pair of the sub-controller (43) by detection corresponding position
Answering DC-DC module output voltage is UaMAX/n、UbMAX/n、UcMAX/ n calculates the pulsewidth modulation of each DC-DC module upper switch pipe
Signal dutyfactor realizes the MPPT maximum power point tracking control of PV module；
Network voltage is converted to the low-voltage signal of suitable control system through voltage transformer (5), and the low-voltage signal is through Zero-cross comparator
Device (46) exports tri- square-wave signals of PWMa, PWMb, PWMc；
The zero crossing of master controller (41) detection PWMa, PWMb, PWMc signal, calculates according to the specific number of each phase module
DC-AC module output voltage UaMAX/n、UbMAX/n、UcMAXThe phase angle of/n and duration:
The phase difference of two neighboring DC-AC module output voltage in same phase are as follows:
The phase angle of three corresponding zero crossings of i-th of DC-AC module away from PWMa, PWMb, PWMc signal are as follows:From this
Moment starts corresponding i-th of DC-AC module work of starting；
The time that three corresponding i-th of DC-AC module continue working are as follows: [2n- (2i-1)]/(4nf).
2. the cascade multilevel photovoltaic grid-connected inverter control system of three-phase according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
The phase angle of the correspondence DC-AC module work for the number and requirement that each sub-controller (43) is given according to master controller (41)
The control signal of each DC-AC module is determined with run duration.
3. the cascade multilevel photovoltaic grid-connected inverter control system of three-phase according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
Sub-controller (43) according to where the DC-AC module that is controlled mutually and number output control signal, the signal respectively with PWMa,
PWMb, PWMc signal multiplication, gained signal send driver one (44), for driving DC-AC module, realize cascaded inverter output
Voltage positive-negative half-cycle is symmetrical.
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