CN103915856A - Base station grid connected-charging photovoltaic micro-inverter system and control method thereof - Google Patents
Base station grid connected-charging photovoltaic micro-inverter system and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基站并网-充电光伏微逆变器系统及其控制方法，该系统包括光伏微逆变器模块101、控制箱102、AC-DC模块103、蓄电池组104及直流负载105；该控制方法通过在不需要改变原有布线的条件下完成并网和离网充电工作模式的切换，在一定程度上降低了电路的冗杂度，增强了系统的可靠性，间接性地提高了系统效率，降低了系统成本；增加的电表可以精确计量发电量。
The invention discloses a base station grid-connected-charging photovoltaic micro-inverter system and its control method. The system includes a photovoltaic micro-inverter module 101, a control box 102, an AC-DC module 103, a battery pack 104 and a DC load 105 ; This control method reduces the complexity of the circuit to a certain extent, enhances the reliability of the system, and indirectly improves System efficiency reduces system cost; the added electric meter can accurately measure power generation.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种基站并网-充电光伏微逆变器系统及其控制方法。The invention relates to a base station grid-connected-charging photovoltaic micro-inverter system and a control method thereof.
背景技术Background technique
随着绿色能源可再生能源的大规模开发和利用，太阳能凭借其独特的优点得到了更多的关注。太阳能是当前世界上最清洁、最现实、大规模开发利用最有前景的可再生能源之一。其中太阳能光伏利用受到世界各国的普遍关注，而太阳能光伏并网发电是太阳能光伏利用的主要发展趋势，必将得到快速的发展，但是，当电网故障时，光伏并网发电系统不能继续发电，造成资源浪费，所以，如何才能保证光伏并网发电系统在电网断电的情况下光伏板的能量能够继续加以应用亦成为关注问题。With the large-scale development and utilization of green energy and renewable energy, solar energy has received more attention due to its unique advantages. Solar energy is currently one of the cleanest, most realistic, and most promising renewable energy sources for large-scale development and utilization in the world. Among them, the utilization of solar photovoltaics has received widespread attention from all over the world, and solar photovoltaic grid-connected power generation is the main development trend of solar photovoltaic utilization, and it will surely develop rapidly. However, when the power grid fails, the photovoltaic grid-connected power generation system cannot continue to generate electricity, resulting in Resources are wasted. Therefore, how to ensure that the energy of photovoltaic panels can continue to be used in the case of grid power failure in photovoltaic grid-connected power generation systems has also become a concern.
目前，逆变技术的发展随着电力电子技术、微电子技术和现代控制理论的进步不断改进，逆变技术正朝着高频化、高效率、高功率密度、高可靠性、智能化的方向发展。At present, the development of inverter technology is constantly improving with the progress of power electronics technology, microelectronics technology and modern control theory, and inverter technology is moving towards high frequency, high efficiency, high power density, high reliability and intelligent direction. develop.
现有技术中，大多数光伏发电模块仅具有并网或充电的单一功能。光伏并网系统又以多块光伏板串并联的集中式为主，能量利用率不高，而光伏充电系统充电过程中也涉及能量的管理。同时受到效率和电路拓扑的限制，使得高效光伏发电模块并网与充电结合不易实现，且目前其他发电领域并网、充电的切换多根据电网状况被动切换。In the prior art, most photovoltaic power generation modules only have a single function of grid connection or charging. The photovoltaic grid-connected system is mainly concentrated in series and parallel connection of multiple photovoltaic panels, and the energy utilization rate is not high, and the photovoltaic charging system also involves energy management during the charging process. At the same time, due to the limitation of efficiency and circuit topology, it is difficult to realize the combination of grid connection and charging of high-efficiency photovoltaic power generation modules. At present, the switching of grid connection and charging in other power generation fields is mostly passive switching according to the grid status.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明提供了一种基站并网-充电光伏微逆变器系统及其控制方法，其目的在于，微逆变器系统可工作于并网和充电两种运行模式，并基于PLC实现对并网和充电运行的控制。为实现上述技术问题，采用如下方案：The invention provides a base station grid-connected-charging photovoltaic micro-inverter system and its control method. and charging operation control. For realizing above-mentioned technical problem, adopt following scheme:
一种基站并网-充电光伏微逆变器系统，包括光伏微逆变器模块101、控制箱102、AC-DC模块103、蓄电池组104及直流负载105；A base station grid-charging photovoltaic micro-inverter system, including a photovoltaic micro-inverter module 101, a control box 102, an AC-DC module 103, a battery pack 104, and a DC load 105;
光伏微逆变器模块101至少包括2个微逆变器和至少2个光伏电池板，每个微逆变器与一块光伏电池板相连，微逆变器之间并联；The photovoltaic microinverter module 101 includes at least 2 microinverters and at least 2 photovoltaic panels, each microinverter is connected to a photovoltaic panel, and the microinverters are connected in parallel;
所述控制箱102包括PLC控制逻辑模块和电表，所述电表的输入端与微逆变器的输出端相连，所述电表的输出端经过开关QA1接入220V交流市电，The control box 102 includes a PLC control logic module and an electric meter, the input end of the electric meter is connected to the output end of the micro-inverter, and the output end of the electric meter is connected to 220V AC mains through a switch QA1,
所述AC-DC模块与所述220V交流市电之间串接有开关QA3，所述AC-DC模块的输出端与所述蓄电池组相连，所述蓄电池组接有直流负载；A switch QA3 is connected in series between the AC-DC module and the 220V AC mains, the output end of the AC-DC module is connected to the battery pack, and the battery pack is connected to a DC load;
AC-DC模块103在开关QA1及QA3闭合时启动，用于将系统产生的交流电转换为直流电，为蓄电池组充电，并给直流负载提供恒定直流电，当系统工作于并网模式，由电网通过AC-DC模块给直流负载和蓄电池提供恒定直流电；The AC-DC module 103 starts when the switches QA1 and QA3 are closed, and is used to convert the alternating current generated by the system into direct current, charge the battery pack, and provide constant direct current to the direct current load. -DC module provides constant DC power to DC load and battery;
所述电表的输出端经过开关QA2与蓄电池组相连；The output terminal of the ammeter is connected to the battery pack through the switch QA2;
所述PLC控制逻辑模块控制开关QA1、QA2及QA3的闭合及断开。The PLC control logic module controls the closing and opening of the switches QA1, QA2 and QA3.
所述基站并网-充电光伏微逆变器系统工作于并网运行模式时，开关QA1和开关QA3闭合，开关QA2断开，微逆变器输出交流电并网；AC-DC模块（103）在开关QA1及QA3闭合时启动，用于将市电交流电转换为直流电，为蓄电池组充电，并给直流负载提供恒定直流电；When the grid-connected-charging photovoltaic micro-inverter system of the base station works in the grid-connected operation mode, the switch QA1 and the switch QA3 are closed, the switch QA2 is opened, and the micro-inverter outputs alternating current for grid-connection; the AC-DC module (103) is It starts when the switches QA1 and QA3 are closed, and is used to convert the mains alternating current into direct current, charge the battery pack, and provide constant direct current for the direct current load;
所述基站并网-充电光伏微逆变器系统工作于充电运行模式时，开关QA2闭合，开关QA1和开关QA3断开，微逆变器输出的直流电给直流负载或蓄电池供电。When the base station grid-connected-charging photovoltaic micro-inverter system works in the charging mode, switch QA2 is closed, switch QA1 and switch QA3 are open, and the DC output from the micro-inverter supplies power to DC loads or batteries.
所述微逆变器包括直流侧电容CPV201、反激电路202、H桥换向电路203和输出滤波电路204；The micro-inverter includes a DC side capacitor CPV 201, a flyback circuit 202, an H-bridge commutation circuit 203 and an output filter circuit 204;
直流侧电容CPV与光伏电池并联，用于稳定光伏电池电压；The DC side capacitor C PV is connected in parallel with the photovoltaic cell for stabilizing the voltage of the photovoltaic cell;
反激电路202包括第一变压器T1、第二变压器T2、功率MOSFET管Q1、Q2、电力二极管D1和D2及电容C1、C2；The flyback circuit 202 includes a first transformer T1, a second transformer T2, power MOSFETs Q 1 and Q 2 , power diodes D 1 and D 2 and capacitors C 1 and C 2 ;
用于实现光伏并网微逆变器的输出电流波形控制和光伏电池最大功率点跟踪；It is used to realize the output current waveform control of photovoltaic grid-connected micro-inverters and the maximum power point tracking of photovoltaic cells;
功率MOSFET管Q1和Q2的S极与光伏电池板的负极相连，D极分别与第一变压器和第二变压器的原边的一端相连，第一变压器和第二变压器的原边的另一端与光伏电池板的正极相连；第一变压器和第二变压器的副边一端分别与电力二极管D1和D2的正极相连，电容C1、C2分别并联于电力二极管D1和D2的负极和第一变压器和第二变压器的另一端之间；The S poles of the power MOSFET tubes Q1 and Q2 are connected to the negative pole of the photovoltaic panel, and the D poles are respectively connected to one end of the primary side of the first transformer and the second transformer, and the other end of the primary side of the first transformer and the second transformer It is connected to the positive pole of the photovoltaic panel; the secondary terminals of the first transformer and the second transformer are respectively connected to the positive poles of the power diodes D 1 and D 2 , and the capacitors C 1 and C 2 are respectively connected in parallel to the negative poles of the power diodes D 1 and D 2 and between the other ends of the first transformer and the second transformer;
H桥换向电路包括晶闸管Sp1、Sn1和MOSFET管Sp2、Sn2，晶闸管Sp1和MOSFET管Sp2构成正向换流桥臂，晶闸管Sn1和MOSFET管Sn2构成负向换流桥臂，H桥换向电路的两个输出端晶闸管Sp1的负极和MOSFET管Sn2的D极经输出滤波电路与电网相接；The H-bridge commutation circuit includes thyristors S p1 , S n1 and MOSFETs S p2 and S n2 , thyristor S p1 and MOSFET S p2 form a forward commutation bridge arm, thyristor S n1 and MOSFET tube S n2 form a negative commutation bridge arm The bridge arm, the negative pole of the thyristor S p1 of the two output ends of the H-bridge commutation circuit and the D pole of the MOSFET tube S n2 are connected to the power grid through the output filter circuit;
输出滤波电路，包括滤波电容Cg和滤波电感Lg，滤波电容Cg接于晶闸管Sp1的负极和Sn1的负极之间，Lg的一端接Sp1的负极，Lg的另一端与Sn1的负极接入到电网两端；The output filter circuit includes a filter capacitor C g and a filter inductor L g . The filter capacitor C g is connected between the negative pole of the thyristor S p1 and the negative pole of S n1 , one end of L g is connected to the negative pole of S p1 , and the other end of L g is connected to the negative pole of S p1. The negative pole of S n1 is connected to both ends of the power grid;
电网Ggrid为市电220V。The power grid G grid is 220V mains.
所述开关QA2为直流接触器开关，所述开关QA1和QA3为交流接触器开关。The switch QA2 is a DC contactor switch, and the switches QA1 and QA3 are AC contactor switches.
一种基站并网-充电光伏微逆变器系统的控制方法，采用所述的基站并网-充电光伏微逆变器系统，根据用户需求，利用PLC控制逻辑模块控制开关QA1、QA2及QA3的通断，从并网运行模式或充电运行模式中选择工作模式；A control method for a base station grid-connected-charging photovoltaic micro-inverter system, using the base station grid-charging photovoltaic micro-inverter system, according to user needs, using a PLC control logic module to control the switches QA1, QA2 and QA3 On and off, select the working mode from the grid-connected operation mode or the charging operation mode;
并网运行模式下，PLC控制逻辑模块控制开关QA1闭合，QA3闭合，开关QA2断开，微逆变器输出交流电并网，电网通过AC-DC模块给蓄电池组充电，同时为直流负载供电；In the grid-connected operation mode, the PLC control logic module controls the switch QA1 to close, QA3 to close, and the switch QA2 to open, the micro-inverter outputs AC power and connects to the grid, and the grid charges the battery pack through the AC-DC module and supplies power to the DC load at the same time;
充电运行模式下，PLC控制逻辑模块控制开关QA1、QA3断开，开关QA2闭合，微逆变器输出的直流电给直流负载或蓄电池供电。In the charging operation mode, the PLC control logic module controls the switches QA1 and QA3 to be disconnected, the switch QA2 is closed, and the DC power output by the micro-inverter supplies power to the DC load or the battery.
控制过程包括以下步骤：The control process includes the following steps:
步骤1：检测电网电压和蓄电池电压；Step 1: Detect grid voltage and battery voltage;
步骤2：根据用户需求设定系统的运行模式优先级别，若设定为并网优先，则进入步骤3；否则进入步骤4；Step 2: Set the priority level of the system's operation mode according to user needs. If it is set to grid-connected priority, go to step 3; otherwise go to step 4;
步骤3：依据步骤1获得的电网电压判断电网工作是否正常：Step 3: According to the grid voltage obtained in step 1, judge whether the grid is working normally:
若电网工作正常，则进入并网运行模式，PLC控制逻辑模块控制开关QA1闭合，QA3闭合，开关QA2断开，微逆变器进行DC-AC变换；若电网工作不正常，则进入步骤4；If the power grid works normally, enter the grid-connected operation mode, the PLC control logic module controls the switch QA1 to close, QA3 to close, the switch QA2 to open, and the micro-inverter performs DC-AC conversion; if the power grid does not work normally, enter step 4;
步骤4：判断蓄电池电压是否为0，如果蓄电池电压不为0，则进入充电工作模式，PLC控制逻辑模块控制开关QA1、QA3断开，开关QA2闭合，微逆变器进行DC-DC变换，如果蓄电池电压为0，则返回步骤1。Step 4: Determine whether the battery voltage is 0. If the battery voltage is not 0, enter the charging mode. The PLC control logic module controls the switches QA1 and QA3 to be disconnected, the switch QA2 is closed, and the micro-inverter performs DC-DC conversion. If If the battery voltage is 0, return to step 1.
所述基站并网-充电光伏微逆变器系统工作于充电运行模式下时，当微逆变器输出的直流电压在正常范围40.8V-54V时，PLC控制逻辑模块控制开关QA2闭合，当微逆变器输出的直流电压超出正常范围40.8V-54V时，PLC控制逻辑模块控制开关QA2断开，保护直流负载及蓄电池组。When the base station grid-connected-charging photovoltaic micro-inverter system works in the charging operation mode, when the DC voltage output by the micro-inverter is in the normal range of 40.8V-54V, the PLC control logic module controls the switch QA2 to close, when the micro-inverter When the DC voltage output by the inverter exceeds the normal range of 40.8V-54V, the PLC control logic module controls the switch QA2 to be disconnected to protect the DC load and the battery pack.
采用孤岛检测判断电网工作是否正常，若电网电压幅值波动在-10%～+5%以内，频率波动在-0.2Hz～+0.2Hz之间，则孤岛检测结果为电网正常，反之为电网不正常。Use island detection to judge whether the power grid is working normally. If the voltage amplitude fluctuation of the power grid is within -10% to +5%, and the frequency fluctuation is between -0.2Hz to +0.2Hz, the island detection result indicates that the power grid is normal, otherwise, the power grid is abnormal. normal.
有益效果Beneficial effect
本发明提出了一种基站并网-充电光伏微逆变器系统及其控制方法，该系统包括光伏微逆变器模块101、控制箱102、AC-DC模块103、蓄电池组104及直流负载105；该控制方法通过在不需要改变原有布线的条件下完成并网和离网充电工作模式的切换，在一定程度上降低了电路的冗杂度，增强了系统的可靠性，间接性地提高了系统效率，降低了系统成本；增加的电表可以精确计量发电量。The present invention proposes a base station grid-charging photovoltaic micro-inverter system and its control method. The system includes a photovoltaic micro-inverter module 101, a control box 102, an AC-DC module 103, a battery pack 104 and a DC load 105 ; This control method reduces the redundancy of the circuit to a certain extent, enhances the reliability of the system, and indirectly improves System efficiency reduces system cost; the added electric meter can accurately measure power generation.
并网-充电光伏微逆变器系统在原方案的基础上有进一步的改善，该系统采用分布式发电，每块光伏板连接一个微逆变器，提高了能量利用率；微逆变器采用交错反激式结构，不需要改变电路即可工作于并网和充电两种模式，且用户可根据需求主动选择并网优先或充电优先。微逆变器工作在并网模式时，每一块光伏板的输出（20～40V）经微逆变器转换为标准的电网正弦交流电，并联后输送至电网；微逆变器工作在充电模式时，微逆变器输出为负载所需的直流电，其输出端连接蓄电池组和直流负载，给蓄电池组充电，同时给直流负载供电。The grid-connected-charging photovoltaic micro-inverter system has been further improved on the basis of the original scheme. The system adopts distributed power generation, and each photovoltaic panel is connected to a micro-inverter, which improves the energy utilization rate; the micro-inverter adopts interleaved The flyback structure can work in both grid-connected and charging modes without changing the circuit, and users can actively choose grid-connected priority or charging priority according to needs. When the micro-inverter works in the grid-connected mode, the output (20-40V) of each photovoltaic panel is converted into the standard sinusoidal AC power of the grid by the micro-inverter, and then sent to the grid after parallel connection; when the micro-inverter works in the charging mode , the output of the micro-inverter is the DC power required by the load, and its output terminal is connected to the battery pack and the DC load to charge the battery pack and supply power to the DC load at the same time.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的系统结构图；Fig. 1 is a system structure diagram of the present invention;
图2是本发明单个微逆变器结构图；Fig. 2 is a structural diagram of a single micro-inverter of the present invention;
图3是本发明并网和充电运行时微逆变器输入输出端的电压波形图；Fig. 3 is the voltage waveform diagram of the input and output terminals of the micro-inverter during grid connection and charging operation of the present invention;
图4是本发明所述的控制方法流程图；Fig. 4 is a flow chart of the control method of the present invention;
图5是本发明运行状态切换图。Fig. 5 is a switching diagram of the operating state of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将结合附图和实施例对本发明做进一步的说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
如图1所示，本发明的系统结构图，包括光伏微逆变器模块101、控制箱102、AC-DC模块103、蓄电池组104及直流负载105；As shown in Figure 1, the system structure diagram of the present invention includes a photovoltaic micro-inverter module 101, a control box 102, an AC-DC module 103, a battery pack 104 and a DC load 105;
光伏微逆变器模块101采用分布式结构，至少包括2个微逆变器和至少2个光伏电池板，每个微逆变器与一块光伏电池板相连，微逆变器之间并联；The photovoltaic microinverter module 101 adopts a distributed structure, including at least 2 microinverters and at least 2 photovoltaic panels, each microinverter is connected to a photovoltaic panel, and the microinverters are connected in parallel;
所述控制箱102包括PLC控制逻辑模块和电表，所述电表的输入端与微逆变器的输出端相连，所述电表的输出端经过开关QA1接入220V交流市电，The control box 102 includes a PLC control logic module and an electric meter, the input end of the electric meter is connected to the output end of the micro-inverter, and the output end of the electric meter is connected to 220V AC mains through a switch QA1,
所述AC-DC模块与所述220V交流市电之间串接有开关QA3，所述AC-DC模块的输出端与所述蓄电池组相连，所述蓄电池组接有直流负载；A switch QA3 is connected in series between the AC-DC module and the 220V AC mains, the output end of the AC-DC module is connected to the battery pack, and the battery pack is connected to a DC load;
AC-DC模块103在开关QA1及QA3闭合时启动，用于将系统产生的交流电转换为直流电，为蓄电池组充电，并给直流负载提供恒定直流电，当系统工作于并网模式，由电网通过AC-DC模块给直流负载和蓄电池提供恒定直流电；The AC-DC module 103 starts when the switches QA1 and QA3 are closed, and is used to convert the alternating current generated by the system into direct current, charge the battery pack, and provide constant direct current to the direct current load. -DC module provides constant DC power to DC load and battery;
所述电表的输出端经过开关QA2与蓄电池组相连；The output terminal of the ammeter is connected to the battery pack through the switch QA2;
所述PLC控制逻辑模块控制开关QA1、QA2及QA3的闭合及断开。The PLC control logic module controls the closing and opening of the switches QA1, QA2 and QA3.
所述基站并网-充电光伏微逆变器系统工作于并网运行模式时，开关QA1和开关QA3闭合，开关QA2断开，微逆变器输出交流电并网；AC-DC模块（103）在开关QA1及QA3闭合时启动，用于将市电交流电转换为直流电，为蓄电池组充电，并给直流负载提供恒定直流电；When the grid-connected-charging photovoltaic micro-inverter system of the base station works in the grid-connected operation mode, the switch QA1 and the switch QA3 are closed, the switch QA2 is opened, and the micro-inverter outputs alternating current for grid-connection; the AC-DC module (103) is It starts when the switches QA1 and QA3 are closed, and is used to convert the mains alternating current into direct current, charge the battery pack, and provide constant direct current for the direct current load;
所述基站并网-充电光伏微逆变器系统工作于充电运行模式时，开关QA2闭合，开关QA1和开关QA3断开，微逆变器输出的直流电给直流负载或蓄电池供电。When the base station grid-connected-charging photovoltaic micro-inverter system works in the charging mode, switch QA2 is closed, switch QA1 and switch QA3 are open, and the DC output from the micro-inverter supplies power to DC loads or batteries.
蓄电池组104储存逆变系统产生的直流电能；The battery pack 104 stores the DC electric energy generated by the inverter system;
直流负载105接收来自逆变系统及蓄电池组提供的直流电。The DC load 105 receives the DC power provided by the inverter system and the battery pack.
图2是单个基站并网-充电光伏微逆变器拓扑，包括直流侧电容CPV201、反激电路202、H桥换向电路203、输出滤波电路204；Figure 2 is a single base station grid-charging photovoltaic micro-inverter topology, including a DC side capacitor CPV 201, a flyback circuit 202, an H-bridge commutation circuit 203, and an output filter circuit 204;
直流侧电容CPV与光伏电池并联，用于稳定光伏电池电压；The DC side capacitor C PV is connected in parallel with the photovoltaic cell for stabilizing the voltage of the photovoltaic cell;
反激电路包括第一变压器T1和第二变压器T2，功率MOSFET管Q1、Q2，电力二极管D1和D2及与变压器并联的电容C1和C2用于实现光伏并网微逆变器的输出电流波形控制和光伏电池最大功率点跟踪；The flyback circuit includes the first transformer T1 and the second transformer T2, power MOSFET tubes Q 1 and Q 2 , power diodes D 1 and D 2 and capacitors C 1 and C 2 connected in parallel with the transformer to realize photovoltaic grid-connected micro-inversion The output current waveform control of the inverter and the maximum power point tracking of photovoltaic cells;
H桥换向电路包括晶闸管Sp1、Sn1和MOSFET管Sp2、Sn2，晶闸管Sp1和MOSFET管Sp2构成正向换流桥臂，晶闸管Sn1和MOSFET管Sn2构成负向换流桥臂，H桥换向电路的两个输出端晶闸管Sp1的负极和MOSFET管Sn2的D极经输出滤波电路与电网相接；The H-bridge commutation circuit includes thyristors S p1 , S n1 and MOSFETs S p2 and S n2 , thyristor S p1 and MOSFET S p2 form a forward commutation bridge arm, thyristor S n1 and MOSFET tube S n2 form a negative commutation bridge arm The bridge arm, the negative pole of the thyristor S p1 of the two output ends of the H-bridge commutation circuit and the D pole of the MOSFET tube S n2 are connected to the power grid through the output filter circuit;
输出滤波电路，包括滤波电容Cg和滤波电感Lg，滤波电容Cg接于晶闸管Sp1的负极和Sn1的负极之间，Lg的一端接Sp1的负极，Lg的另一端与Sn1的负极接入到电网两端；The output filter circuit includes a filter capacitor C g and a filter inductor L g . The filter capacitor C g is connected between the negative pole of the thyristor S p1 and the negative pole of S n1 , one end of L g is connected to the negative pole of S p1 , and the other end of L g is connected to the negative pole of S p1. The negative pole of S n1 is connected to both ends of the power grid;
电网Ggrid为市电220V。The power grid G grid is 220V mains.
图3是本发明并网和充电运行时微逆变器输入输出端的电压波形图，并网运行时，微逆变器进行DC-AC变换，其输入为直流，输出电压为正弦波，且逆变电路正组开关管Sp1,Sp2工作时，电压为正；反组开关管Sn1,Sn2工作时，电压为负。电网停电时工作于充电运行模式，进行DC-DC变换，输入输出均为恒定值，此时逆变电路只有正组开关管Sp1,Sp2工作。Fig. 3 is the voltage waveform diagram of the input and output terminals of the micro-inverter during grid-connected and charging operation of the present invention. During grid-connected operation, the micro-inverter performs DC-AC conversion, its input is direct current, and its output voltage is a sine wave, and the inverse When the positive switch tubes S p1 and S p2 of the transformer circuit work, the voltage is positive; when the negative switch tubes S n1 and S n2 work, the voltage is negative. When the power grid is out of power, it works in the charging operation mode and performs DC-DC conversion, and the input and output are constant values. At this time, only the positive switch tubes S p1 and S p2 work in the inverter circuit.
图4是本发明所述控制方法的流程图，控制步骤如下：Fig. 4 is a flowchart of the control method of the present invention, and the control steps are as follows:
步骤1：检测电网电压和蓄电池电压；Step 1: Detect grid voltage and battery voltage;
步骤2：根据用户需求设定系统的运行模式优先级别，若设定为并网优先，则进入步骤3；否则进入步骤4；Step 2: Set the priority level of the system's operation mode according to user needs. If it is set to grid-connected priority, go to step 3; otherwise go to step 4;
步骤3：依据步骤1获得的电网电压判断电网工作是否正常：Step 3: According to the grid voltage obtained in step 1, judge whether the grid is working normally:
若电网工作正常，则进入并网运行模式，PLC控制逻辑模块控制开关QA1闭合，QA3闭合，开关QA2断开，微逆变器进行DC-AC变换；若电网工作不正常，则进入步骤4；If the power grid works normally, enter the grid-connected operation mode, the PLC control logic module controls the switch QA1 to close, QA3 to close, the switch QA2 to open, and the micro-inverter performs DC-AC conversion; if the power grid does not work normally, enter step 4;
步骤4：判断蓄电池电压是否为0，如果蓄电池电压不为0，则进入充电工作模式，PLC控制逻辑模块控制开关QA1、QA3断开，开关QA2闭合，微逆变器进行DC-DC变换，如果蓄电池电压为0，则返回步骤1。Step 4: Determine whether the battery voltage is 0. If the battery voltage is not 0, enter the charging mode. The PLC control logic module controls the switches QA1 and QA3 to be disconnected, the switch QA2 is closed, and the micro-inverter performs DC-DC conversion. If If the battery voltage is 0, return to step 1.
图5为本发明一个实例的基站并网-充电光伏微逆变器系统的运行状态切换图。如图5所示，并网运行、充电运行及停机三者之间存在互相转换的关系。当条件为并网优先，且电网存在时，由停机状态切换到并网运行状态；当条件为充电优先，且蓄电池存在时，停机状态切换到充电运行状态。当满足条件电网断开或孤岛、蓄电池存在，并网运行状态切换至充电运行状态；反之，当满足条件蓄电池充满、电网存在，充电运行状态切换至并网运行状态。在电网断开，蓄电池不存在的情况下，并网运行停止；在蓄电池断开或充满，电网不存在的情况下，充电运行停止。Fig. 5 is an operating state switching diagram of a grid-connected-charging photovoltaic micro-inverter system of a base station according to an example of the present invention. As shown in Figure 5, there is a mutual conversion relationship between grid-connected operation, charging operation and shutdown. When the condition is grid-connected priority and the grid exists, the shutdown state is switched to the grid-connected operation state; when the condition is charging priority and the battery exists, the shutdown state is switched to the charging operation state. When the grid is disconnected or the island exists, and the battery exists, the grid-connected operation state switches to the charging operation state; otherwise, when the battery is fully charged and the grid exists, the charging operation state switches to the grid-connected operation state. When the grid is disconnected and the battery does not exist, the grid-connected operation stops; when the battery is disconnected or fully charged and the grid does not exist, the charging operation stops.
Claims (7)
- Base station grid-connected-a charging photovoltaic micro-inverter system, it is characterized in that, comprise photovoltaic micro-inverter module (101), control cabinet (102), AC-DC module (103), batteries (104) and DC load (105);Photovoltaic micro-inverter module (101) at least comprises 2 micro-inverters and at least 2 photovoltaic battery panels, and each micro-inverter is connected with a photovoltaic battery panel, in parallel between micro-inverter;Described control cabinet 102 comprises PLC control logic module and ammeter, and the input of described ammeter is connected with the output of micro-inverter, and the output of described ammeter is through switch QA1 access 220V electric main;Between described AC-DC module and described 220V electric main, be serially connected with switch QA3, the output of described AC-DC module is connected with described batteries, and described batteries is connected to DC load;The output of described ammeter is connected with batteries through switch QA2;Closed and the disconnection of described PLC control logic module controls switch QA1, QA2 and QA3;Described base station is grid-connected-charging photovoltaic micro-inverter system works in the time being incorporated into the power networks pattern, switch QA1 and switch QA3 closure, switch QA2 disconnects, micro-inverter output AC electricity is grid-connected; AC-DC module (103) starts in the time of switch QA1 and QA3 closure, for civil power alternating current is converted to direct current, is battery charging, and provides constant dc to DC load;Described base station is grid-connected-charging photovoltaic micro-inverter system works in the time of charge operation pattern, switch QA2 closure, switch QA1 and switch QA3 disconnect, the direct current of micro-inverter output is to DC load or storage battery power supply.
- Base station according to claim 1 grid-connected-charging photovoltaic micro-inverter system, it is characterized in that, described micro-inverter comprises DC bus capacitor C pV(201), circuit of reversed excitation (202), H bridge commutating circuit (203) and output filter circuit (204);DC bus capacitor C pVin parallel with photovoltaic cell, for stablizing photovoltaic cell voltage;Circuit of reversed excitation (202) comprises the first transformer T1, the second transformer T2, power MOSFET tube Q 1, Q 2, Power Diode Pumped D 1and D 2and capacitor C 1, C 2;Power MOSFET tube Q 1and Q 2the S utmost point be connected with the negative pole of photovoltaic battery panel, the D utmost point is connected with the one end on the former limit of the second transformer with the first transformer respectively, the first transformer is connected with the other end on the former limit of the second transformer and the positive pole of photovoltaic battery panel; Secondary one end of the first transformer and the second transformer respectively with Power Diode Pumped D 1and D 2positive pole be connected, capacitor C 1, C 2be parallel to respectively Power Diode Pumped D 1and D 2negative pole and the first transformer and the other end of the second transformer between;H bridge commutating circuit comprises thyristor S p1, S n1with MOSFET pipe S p2, S n2, thyristor S p1with MOSFET pipe S p2form forward change of current brachium pontis, thyristor S n1with MOSFET pipe S n2form negative sense change of current brachium pontis, two outputs of H bridge commutating circuit, i.e. thyristor S p1negative pole and MOSFET pipe S n2the D utmost point, joins through output filter circuit and electrical network;Output filter circuit, comprises filter capacitor C gwith filter inductance L g, filter capacitor C gbe connected to thyristor S p1negative pole and S n1negative pole between, L ga termination S p1negative pole, L gthe other end and S n1negative pole be linked into electrical network two ends;Electrical network G gridfor civil power 220V.
- Base station according to claim 1 grid-connected-charging photovoltaic micro-inverter system, it is characterized in that, described switch QA2 is D.C. contactor switch, described switch QA1 and QA3 are A.C. contactor switch.
- A base station grid-connected-control method of charging photovoltaic micro-inverter system, it is characterized in that, adopt base station described in claim 1-3 any one grid-connected-charging photovoltaic micro-inverter system, according to user's request, utilize the break-make of PLC control logic module controls switch QA1, QA2 and QA3, from the pattern of being incorporated into the power networks or charge operation pattern, select mode of operation;Be incorporated into the power networks under pattern, PLC control logic module controls switch QA1, QA3 closure, switch QA2 disconnects, and micro-inverter output AC electricity is grid-connected, and electrical network, by the charging of AC-DC module accumulators group, is DC load power supply simultaneously;Under charge operation pattern, PLC control logic module controls switch QA1, QA3 disconnect, switch QA2 closure, and the direct current of micro-inverter output is to DC load or storage battery power supply.
- Base station according to claim 4 grid-connected-control method of charging photovoltaic micro-inverter system, it is characterized in that, control procedure comprises the following steps:Step 1: detection of grid voltage and battery tension;Step 2: according to the operational mode priority level of user's request initialization system, if be set as grid-connected preferentially, enter step 3; Otherwise enter step 4;Step 3: the line voltage obtaining according to step 1 judges that whether network operation is normal:If network operation is normal, enter the pattern of being incorporated into the power networks, PLC control logic module controls switch QA1 closure, QA3 closure, switch QA2 disconnects, and micro-inverter carries out DC-AC conversion; If network operation is undesired, enter step 4;Step 4: judge that whether battery tension is 0, if battery tension is not 0, enters battery charger operation mode, PLC control logic module controls switch QA1, QA3 disconnect, switch QA2 closure, and micro-inverter carries out DC-DC conversion, if battery tension is 0, return to step 1.
- Base station according to claim 5 grid-connected-control method of charging photovoltaic micro-inverter system; it is characterized in that; described base station is grid-connected-and charging photovoltaic micro-inverter system works is in charge operation pattern lower time; when the direct voltage of micro-inverter output is during at normal range (NR) 40.8V-54V; PLC control logic module controls switch QA2 closure; in the time that the direct voltage of micro-inverter output exceeds normal range (NR) 40.8V-54V; PLC control logic module controls switch QA2 disconnects, protection DC load and batteries.
- Base station according to claim 5 grid-connected-control method of charging photovoltaic micro-inverter system, it is characterized in that, adopt isolated island to detect and judge that whether network operation is normal, if line voltage amplitude fluctuations is in-10%～+ 5%, frequency fluctuation is between-0.2Hz～+ 0.2Hz, isolated island testing result is that electrical network is normal, otherwise is that electrical network is undesired.
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| WO2025152253A1 (en) * | 2024-01-18 | 2025-07-24 | 浙江奔一新能源有限公司 | Method and system for zero feed-in control of micro inverter monitoring gateway, and medium |
| WO2025160814A1 (en) * | 2024-01-31 | 2025-08-07 | Boe Technology Group Co., Ltd. | Electronic apparatus, display apparatus, and method of power management |
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