CN102088122B - Charging method and charging device for secondary lithium battery pack - Google Patents
Charging method and charging device for secondary lithium battery pack Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a charging method for a secondary lithium battery pack, comprising the following steps: judging whether the secondary lithium battery pack needs to be charged or not, performing the following steps if yes, and exiting if no; judging connections between each cell and other cells in the battery pack, and enabling the battery pack to form a plurality of independent cells; respectively carrying out adjustable constant-current charging on the independent cells; after all cells are charged, reading a configuration file for representing the connection relationship of the battery pack composed of the cells; and connecting the single cells into the battery pack according to the configuration file. The invention also relates to a charging device for a secondary lithium battery pack. The charging method and the charging device for a secondary lithium battery pack have the following beneficial effect that a connection mode between each two cells in the battery pack can be adjusted on line, and each cell can be independently charged in charging.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the battery charging, more particularly, relate to a kind of charging method and charging device of lithium secondary battery.
Background technology
Along with the development of electronic technology, increasing portable type electronic product, for example: Medical Devices, notebook, game machine, PDA, video camera etc., use lithium secondary battery to power.The single battery core specification of lithium secondary battery is standard relatively, as: the capacity 2200mAh of 18650 cylindrical electrical cores, nominal voltage 3.7V, maximum charging voltage 4.25V.But existing single battery core terminal voltage and finite capacity are difficult to meet the demands in numerous application.Usually adopt the mode by the series-parallel battery pack of a plurality of chargeable battery cores to satisfy numerous application.But this mode is because the requirement of using is different, and for example, sometimes requiring the battery pack output voltage is 7.4V, and other application may to require output voltage be 14.8V.Different output voltages, different capacity, the inner connecting way of this lithium secondary battery are just different.Such as: lithium secondary battery capacity required 2200mAh, 29.6V can be with the single battery core series connection of 8 joints; Capacity required 4400mAh, 14.8V can be with single battery core 4 strings 2 of 8 joints also; Capacity required 8800mAh, 7.4V can be with single battery core 2 strings 4 of 8 joints also.Capacity required 17600mAh, 3.7V can be in parallel with the single battery core of 8 joints.Although in above-mentioned 4 kinds of demands, its elementary cell is common, all be 8 economize on electricity cores.But lithium secondary battery manufacturer tends to produce 4 sections of battery pack and meets consumers' demand.Greatly reduce production efficiency, increase the follow-up maintenance expense.Between the lithium secondary battery monomer battery core, there is larger difference at aspect of performances such as capacity, internal resistance, attenuation characteristic, self discharges in addition.During in the prior art to the whole serial connection charge of lithium secondary battery, that single lithium battery battery core of capacity minimum will be full of electricity at first in the battery pack, and this moment, other battery core also is not full of electricity.If the continuation serial connection charge, the lithium ion single battery core that then has been full of electricity just may be overcharged.May produce blast, have influence on the fail safe of lithium secondary battery.If stop charging, other lithium ion single battery core just can't be full of electricity, causes whole lithium secondary battery pool-size inadequate.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is, for the connected mode between the battery core of the above-mentioned rear battery pack inside of dispatching from the factory of prior art can not adjust, can not be for the independent defective of charging of each battery core when charging, provide connected mode between a kind of battery core of the rear battery pack inside of dispatching from the factory can adjust, can be for each battery core separately charging method and the device of a kind of lithium secondary battery of charging when charging.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: construct a kind of lithium secondary battery charging method, described lithium secondary battery is in series or in parallel to form by a plurality of lithium battery electric cores, comprises the steps:
A) judge whether described lithium secondary battery needs charging, in this way, carries out following step, otherwise, withdraw from;
B) disconnect being connected of other battery cores in each battery core and this battery pack, so that described battery pack becomes a plurality of independent battery cores;
C) respectively described independent battery core is carried out the adjustable constant-flow charging;
D) after all battery core chargings are finished, read the configuration file that the described battery core of expression forms the annexation of battery pack, according to described configuration file described single battery core is connected to form battery pack.
In lithium secondary battery charging method of the present invention, each battery core is connected with other battery cores in the described battery pack by at least one gate-controlled switch in the described battery pack, and described control switch is by its break-make of microprocessor controls.
In lithium secondary battery charging method of the present invention, described step C) further comprise the steps:
C1) whether judge battery core voltage greater than 2 volts, as less than, adopt the 0.01C constant current charge; As no, adopt the 1C constant current charge;
C2) whether judge described battery core voltage less than 4.1V, as less than, return step C1); Otherwise, adopt the gradually little constant current charge take conic section or the dull trailing edge of Gaussian curve as control mode.
In lithium secondary battery charging method of the present invention, described step C) further comprise the steps:
C3) measure respectively the capacity of described single battery core, judge whether it is full of, in this way, carry out next step, otherwise, return step C1);
C4) judge whether all battery cores all are full of in the described lithium secondary battery, in this way, execution in step D); Otherwise, return step C1).
In lithium secondary battery charging method of the present invention, described step D) further comprises the steps: in
D1) read and be stored in advance configuration file in the memory or that come by microcontroller communication bus transmission;
D2) microcontroller is exported control signal according to the content of described configuration file at different outputs, so that connect accordingly gate-controlled switch conducting or cut-off between the battery core.
The invention still further relates to a kind of lithium battery charging device, described lithium secondary battery is in series or in parallel to form by a plurality of lithium battery electric cores, and described device comprises:
Battery capacity detects judge module: be used for judging whether described lithium secondary battery needs charging;
Battery core partition module: be used for disconnecting being connected of each battery core and these other battery cores of battery pack, so that described battery pack becomes a plurality of independent battery cores;
Adjustable constant-flow charging module: respectively described independent battery core is carried out the adjustable constant-flow charging;
Battery core composite module: after all battery core chargings are finished, read the configuration file that the described battery core of expression forms the annexation of battery pack, according to described configuration file described single battery core is connected to form battery pack.
In lithium secondary battery charging device of the present invention, described adjustable constant-flow charging module further comprises:
Battery core voltage judging unit: be used for judging that whether battery core voltage is greater than 2 volts;
Battery core charged state judging unit: be used for judging that whether battery core voltage is less than 4.1 volts;
Constant current charge unit: be used for the output according to described battery core voltage and battery core charged state judging unit, adopt respectively 0.01C constant current charge or 1C constant current charge or the gradually little constant current charge mode take conic section or the dull trailing edge of Gaussian curve as control mode to charge as described battery core.
In lithium secondary battery charging device of the present invention, described battery core composite module further comprises::
Configuration file is obtained the unit: be used for reading and be stored in advance configuration file memory or that come by the transmission of microcontroller communication bus;
Dispensing unit: be used for the content according to described configuration file, export control signal at different microcontroller outputs, so that connect accordingly gate-controlled switch conducting or cut-off between the battery core.
In lithium secondary battery charging device of the present invention, described battery capacity detects judge module and further comprises:
Battery pack current measuring unit: be used for measuring respectively voltage or the electric current of described battery pack, obtain the residual capacity of described battery pack, judge whether described battery pack needs charging.
Implement charging method and the charging device of lithium secondary battery of the present invention, has following beneficial effect: owing to the connection between a plurality of battery cores that will form this battery pack when battery pack need to be charged disconnects, the constant current charge that separately each battery is fit to its state, all battery cores are finished after the charging, again its description according to configuration file is coupled together (at this moment, can be front the same with charging, also can be different).So the connected mode between the battery core of its rear battery pack inside of dispatching from the factory can be adjusted, can charge separately for each battery core when charging.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the charging method of a kind of lithium secondary battery of the present invention and installs method flow diagram among the embodiment;
Fig. 2 is the flow chart that separately the battery core adjustable constant-flow is charged among the described embodiment;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation that installs among the described embodiment;
Fig. 4 is battery core adjustable constant-flow charged electrical schematic diagram among the described embodiment;
Fig. 5 is battery core cellular construction schematic diagram in the lithium secondary battery among the described embodiment;
Fig. 6 is the electrical schematic diagram of lithium secondary battery among the described embodiment.
Embodiment
Embodiments of the present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
As shown in Figure 1, in the charging method and device embodiment of a kind of lithium secondary battery of the present invention, this charging method comprises the steps:
Step S101 begins: in this step, begin lithium secondary battery is carried out Charge Management.
Step S102 microcontroller receives user instruction: in this step, receive user's instruction as the microcontroller of control device, and the default mode of User instruction or setting begins to export control signal, the discharge of control battery pack.Microcontroller and user's communication protocol comprises the agreement position of selecting to arrange Voltage-output pattern (being the integrated mode of a plurality of battery cores), can form such as 8 economize on electricity cores: 8 joint series connection, 4 strings 2 are also, 4 and 2 strings, 8 joints are in parallel.By the combination of communication protocol position, distinguish above-mentioned voltage array output pattern.00 represent 8 joint series connection, 01 represent 4 strings 2 also, 10 represent 4 and 2 strings, 11 and represents 8 and save parallel connection.
The configuration file that step S103 storage user arranges: in this step, microcontroller receives above-mentioned instruction, the to the effect that Voltage-output pattern (namely configuration file) of these instructions, and with this configuration file stores in memory.These configuration files will be used in follow-up step.
Step S105 battery capacity detects: in this step, microcontroller detects battery capacity according to the enclosed pasture method, particularly, and the current capacity Q that is full of of the residual capacity=lithium secondary battery of lithium secondary battery
When The charge Q of-battery output; And the electric charge of battery output
, definite high-precision current sense resistor Rsense that can in the loop, connect of electric current, (being generally 10m Ω ~ 20m Ω).By gathering the voltage U sense at resistance R sense two ends, can calculate the electric charge of battery output
The current capacity Q that is full of of lithium secondary battery
When :
, wherein
Be the total capacity of battery, SOC is the charged state of battery.By the time of statistics constant current source charging, revise the current battery capacity that is full of of SOC energy refinement lithium secondary battery, the apparatus for battery capacity measurement precision has been improved 2～5%.
Whether step S106 capacity is sufficient: in this step, microcontroller is judged battery capacity.If battery electric quantity is sufficient, then continue power supply, i.e. execution in step S108; If find battery core electric weight deficiency, powering mode is withdrawed from the connection that disconnects between the battery core, automatically enters adjustable constant current charging mode, i.e. execution in step S107.
Step S107 disconnects the connection between the battery core, enter adjustable constant current charging mode: in this step, so that the battery core in the battery pack disconnects each other, become independent battery core, and these independent battery cores are carried out respectively adjustable constant current charge, its concrete steps are described after a while.Execute after this step execution in step S108.
Step S108 is according to preassigned pattern string and array output: set first output mode, output voltage in predetermined patterns again after battery core is full of electricity can increase the fail safe of battery pack, reduces user's misoperation.In this step, owing to judged that battery capacity is normal or by to the adjustable constant-flow charging of single battery core and so that battery capacity is normal, again the battery core in the battery pack is made up at this, will be according to the preassigned pattern array output.Can form such as 8 economize on electricity cores: 8 joint series connection, 4 strings 2 are also, 4 and 2 strings, 8 joints are in parallel.The Default Value pattern is default mode, does not receive software command, will be according to the setting output voltage that dispatches from the factory.Compound mode by being connected to the closing of field effect transistor, photo-electric control device or relay between the battery core, that be subjected to microcontroller output control, open-minded, is selected concrete connection in series-parallel compound mode, referring to Fig. 4.
Step S109 output voltage: in this step, battery pack begin for its with load supplying.
Step S110 electric current and voltage detects: in this step, when battery pack was its load supplying, microcontroller was monitored the lithium battery electric core state.
Do step S111 voltage, electric current transfinite? in this step, microcontroller judges according to the voltage, the current value that detect whether battery-powered electric current and voltage value surpasses normal the restriction, in this way, and execution in step S112, otherwise, execution in step S114.
The single battery core protection of step S112: in this step, the terminal voltage of battery, the electric current of output surpass in limited time normal, will start single battery core protection module, finish the protection to lithium battery electric core.
Step S113 fault alarm and processing: produce relevant alarm to the user, treat that the user processes.After fault finishes, execution in step S114.
Step S114 output voltage: in this step, the battery pack output voltage drives load, and keeps setting-up time, again enters subsequently step S102, and loops.
In the present embodiment, as shown in Figure 2, charging comprises the steps: for the adjustable constant-flow of the single battery core that is disconnected
Step S201 cuts off the connection between the battery core, enter the constant current charging mode to independent battery core: in this step, so that the battery core in the battery pack disconnects each other, become independent battery core, and these independent battery cores are carried out respectively adjustable constant current charge, so-called adjustable constant current charging mode comprises three phases: the constant current of 0.01C electric current, the constant current of 1C electric current, gradually little constant current charge.
Is step S202 battery core crossed and is put? judge whether battery core exists over-discharge can, execution in step S203 in this way, otherwise, execution in step S205.For the lithium secondary battery of long-term placement, its battery core had the risk of putting.In the present embodiment, when battery core voltage is lower than 2V, judge that then it was in the state of putting.At this moment, should take the current charges of 0.01C, come activating lithium battery battery core performance progressively.
Step S203 0.01C constant current charge: in this step, the battery core that was in the state of putting for judgement provides the 0.01C constant current charge, and certain time.
Step S204 0.01C constant current charge activated batteries performance? whether determining step S203 namely brings up to the voltage of this battery core on the 2V in activated batteries performance whether after after a while, in this way, and execution in step S205; Otherwise execution in step S210.
Step S205 1C constant current charge: when battery core voltage greater than 2V, show that battery core belongs to state of activation, take the 1C constant current charge.The part battery in use for some time, internal resistance increases in various degree, the 1C constant current charge is difficult to accurately guarantee one by one.The constant current charge end of each battery core of the present invention is independently controlled by microcontroller, is combined to form the sub-device of negative feedback with amplifier, can guarantee the accuracy to the battery core charging fully.Referring to Fig. 4.To battery core independently the 1C constant current charge continue to carry out, finish until battery core reaches state 1, constant current charge changes the next stage over to.For the cylindrical lithium secondary battery group, state 1 finger monomer battery core voltage is 4.1V.
Step S206 battery core voltage reaches state 4.1V: in this step, judge whether the voltage of battery core reaches 4.1V, in this way, execution in step S207; Otherwise, return step S205.
The gradually little constant current charge of step S207: when battery core voltage reaches state 4.1V, will take gradually little constant current charge.Microcontroller can reduce charging current I (t) gradually, and the mode of control is: conic section
Or Gaussian curve
Dull trailing edge.Gradually little constant current charge can guarantee the fail safe of battery core, until battery core is full of end.
Are all battery cores of step S208 full of? in this step, judge whether that battery cores all in the battery pack all is full of, in this way, execution in step S209; Otherwise execution in step S207 continues as the battery core charging.
Step S209 obtains configuration file, according to predetermined string and array output: after all battery cores are full of electricity, in this step, obtain above-mentioned configuration file or agreement position, and under the effect of microcontroller, conducting or the cut-off of the gate-controlled switch between the control battery core, the string that obtains being scheduled to and array output.
Step S210 cuts off charge power supply, produces to report to the police: in this step, the lithium secondary battery for the 0.01C current charges can't effectively activate when cutting off charge power supply, can produce relevant alarm to the user.Wait for that the user processes.
In the present embodiment, also relate to a kind of charging device of lithium secondary battery, described lithium secondary battery is in series or in parallel to form by a plurality of lithium battery electric cores.As shown in Figure 3, this device comprises that battery capacity detects judge module 1, battery core partition module 2, adjustable constant-flow charging module 3 and battery core composite module 4.Wherein, battery capacity detects judge module 1 for judging whether above-mentioned lithium secondary battery needs charging; Battery core partition module 2 is used for disconnecting being connected of each battery core and these other battery cores of battery pack, so that above-mentioned battery pack becomes a plurality of independent battery cores; Adjustable constant-flow charging module 3 is used for respectively above-mentioned independent battery core being carried out the adjustable constant-flow charging; Battery core composite module 4 reads the configuration file that the described battery core of expression forms the annexation of battery pack after finishing for all battery cores chargings, according to described configuration file described single battery core is connected to form battery pack.
In the present embodiment, adjustable constant-flow charging module 3 further comprises: be used for judging that battery core voltage is whether greater than 2 volts battery core voltage judging unit 31; Be used for judging that the battery core state is whether less than 1 battery core charged state judging unit 32; Be used for the output according to described battery core voltage and battery core charged state judging unit 32, adopt respectively 0.01C constant current charge or 1C constant current charge or the gradually little constant current charge mode take conic section or the dull trailing edge of Gaussian curve as control mode to be the constant current charge unit 33 of described battery core charging.Battery core composite module 4 further comprises for reading the configuration file that is stored in advance configuration file memory or that come by microcontroller communication bus transmission to be obtained unit 41 and is used for content according to described configuration file, in different microcontroller output output control signal, so that connect accordingly gate-controlled switch conducting between the battery core or the dispensing unit 42 of cut-off.And battery capacity detection judge module 1 further comprises for the voltage of measuring respectively described battery pack or electric current, obtains the residual capacity of described battery pack, judges whether described battery pack needs the battery pack current measuring unit 11 that charges.
The schematic electrical schematic diagram that connects when in the present embodiment, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 show respectively being connected of single battery core and microcontroller and the combination of a plurality of battery core.In fact Fig. 4 has represented the constant current charge module for single battery core, and this module comprises: microcontroller U1, amplifier U2, metal-oxide-semiconductor U3, battery core B1, resistance R 1, resistance R 2.The I/O pin outputting analog signal of microcontroller U1, it is connected to the positive terminal of amplifier U2.The negative phase end of amplifier U2 is connected to metal-oxide-semiconductor U3 source, arrives ground by resistance R 2.Battery core B1 is connected between metal-oxide-semiconductor U3 drain terminal and the charge power supply.The output of amplifier U2 is connected to the grid end of metal-oxide-semiconductor U3 by resistance R 1, and resistance R 1, metal-oxide-semiconductor U3 have just consisted of the feedback loop of amplifier like this.Because amplifier is followed the principle of " empty short, empty disconnected ", the microcontroller U1 output voltage that links to each other with amplifier U2 positive terminal equals the R2 that links to each other with amplifier U2 negative phase end.That is to say: the magnitude of voltage of the I/O pin output of microcontroller U1 equals to be added in the voltage on the resistance R 2.Resistance R 2 is linear elements, and the electric current that flows through can change with the voltage direct ratio.Change adjustable voltage, will change the electric current of metal-oxide-semiconductor U3 drain-source end, can control the charging current of battery B1.
With resistance R 2=0.5 ohm; The capacity 2200mAh of 18650 cylindrical electrical cores, nominal voltage 3.7V, maximum charging voltage 4.25V, final discharging voltage 2.75V, Cross prevention voltage 2.3V is example.Do not use when the permanent storage of battery, battery core voltage is lower than 2V, then is in the state of putting.Under the constant current charging mode, the I/O pin output voltage 11mV of microcontroller U1 is added in the voltage 11mV namely on the R2.The electric current that flows through linear resistance R2 is 11mV/0.5 ohm=22mA, and 22mA is exactly the charging current of battery B1.For 18650 cylindrical electrical cores of capacity 2200mAh, if battery does not have permanent damage, the such 0.01C electric current of 22mA is an effectively activated current.Lithium secondary battery for the 0.01C current charges can't effectively activate when cutting off charge power supply, can produce relevant warning.
Battery core voltage is higher than 2.75V, and battery core is in normal condition.Under the constant current charging mode, the I/O pin output voltage 1.1V of microcontroller U1 is added in the voltage 1.1V namely on the R2.The electric current that flows through linear resistance R2 is 1.1V/0.5 ohm=2.2A, and 2.2A is exactly the charging current of battery B1.For 18650 cylindrical electrical cores of capacity 2200mAh, the such 1C electric current of 2.2A is the charging current an of the best, has both guaranteed cell safety, is full of electric charge for battery core in time that again can be the shortest.
When battery core voltage was higher than 4.1V, namely the battery core in the flow chart 3 reached state 1, takes gradually little constant current charge.The I/O pin output voltage of microcontroller U1 progressively reduces from 1.1V.The mode that voltage reduces is conic section
Or Gaussian curve
Dull trailing edge, until close metal-oxide-semiconductor U3 after all being full of, charging is finished to battery core B1.
At present embodiment, lithium secondary battery is formed by a plurality of battery core unit combination, and the conversion of the annexation between these battery core unit is so that voltage and the electric current of this lithium secondary battery output all have difference at last.But no matter the annexation between these battery core unit is how conversion, the battery core in these battery core unit is all to be separately charging in charging.
As shown in Figure 5, in the present embodiment, a lithium secondary battery comprises a plurality of battery cores unit, between a plurality of battery cores unit, can connect (seeing also Fig. 6) by connecting line or connecting valve, and the structure of a battery core unit roughly comprises battery core E, two single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) K1, K2, charge switch K3, when above-mentioned two single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT)s when to get to the label shown in Fig. 5 be 1 switch terminals, power supply VCC falls down to the ground through 1 end, battery core E positive pole, battery core E negative pole, 1 end of K switch 2, the charge switch K3 of K switch 1, forms charge circuit 51; And when above-mentioned two single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT)s when to get to the label shown in Fig. 5 be 2 switch terminals, the both positive and negative polarity of battery core E is connected with external circuit or other battery core unit by 2 ends that K switch 1 is connected with K switch respectively, formation discharge loop 52.
In the present embodiment, above-mentioned single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT), connecting valve or charge switch are controlled switch, and it is respectively field effect transistor or transistor consists of.Simultaneously, in the present embodiment, above-mentioned lithium secondary battery also comprises microcontroller, and single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT), connecting valve or charge switch are respectively arranged with control end, it is stated control end and connects from the different outputs of described microcontroller (being the I/O end of microcontroller) respectively, is subject to the control of the control signal of microcontroller output.
In the present embodiment, each battery core is taked above-mentioned constant current charge, and the charging end is independently controlled by microcontroller, can guarantee the accuracy to the battery core charging fully.After all battery cores are full of, will export according to the mode combinations that the last time receives.The discharge principle of this lithium secondary battery is not done concrete elaboration with technology is identical at present.Present embodiment provides a kind of string and array output module of using said method, for sake of clarity, select partial circuit with 4 strings 2 also, 4 and 2 strings automatically switch to example, as shown in Figure 6.
The circuit theory diagrams of lithium secondary battery connection in series-parallel array output comprise: fuse Fuse, electric capacity y1, electric capacity y2, independently battery core B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6, B7, B8, amplifier U1, U2, switch MOS pipe Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, Q5, Q6, Q7, Q8, resistance R 1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, R12, R13, R14, R15, R16, R17, R18, R19.Single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) pipe K11, K12, K21, K22, K31, K32, K41, K42, K51, K52, K61, K62, K71, k72, K81, k82, K9, K10.
Electric capacity y1, electric capacity y2 are serially connected between positive pole, the negative pole, play the effect of filtering noise.Ck1, Ck2, Ck3 are connected to the digital I/O pin of microcontroller, are concatenated into respectively the control end of single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) pipe K11, K12, K21, K22, K31, K32, K41, K42, K51, K52, K61, K62, K71, k72, K81, k82, K9, K10 by resistance R 17, R18, R19.Amplifier U1, U2, switch MOS pipe Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, Q5, Q6, Q7, Q8, resistance R 1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, R12, R13, R14, R15, R16 have formed the adjustable constant-flow charhing unit of 8 independent battery core B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6, B7, B8.
Microcontroller is by digital I/O pin control signal Ck1 output high level, then single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) pipe K11, K12, K21, K22, K31, K32, K41, K42, K51, K52, K61, K62, K71, k72, K81, k82, in node C11, C12, C21, C22, C31, C32, C41, C42, C51, C52, C61, C62, C71, C72, C81, Cf82 conducting, battery pack is in charged state respectively.Each battery core is in respectively the adjustable constant-flow charged state, and concrete principle sees above-mentioned explanation for details.
Microcontroller is by digital I/O pin control signal Ck1 output low level, then single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) pipe K11, K12, K21, K22, K31, K32, K41, K42, K51, K52, K61, K62, K71, k72, K81, k82, K9, K10, in node f11, f12, f21, f22, f31, f32, f41, f42, f51, f52, f61, f62, f71, f72, f81, f82 conducting, battery pack is in discharge condition respectively.
Battery B1, B2 serial connection is one the tunnel, and battery B3, B4 serial connection is one the tunnel, these two branch circuit parallel connections; Battery B5, B6 serial connection is one the tunnel, and battery B7, B8 serial connection is one the tunnel, these two branch circuit parallel connections; 2 branch roads after the parallel connection can compose in parallel 4 and 2 strings, and 2 branch roads after the parallel connection also can be composed in series 2 and 4 strings.
Lithium secondary battery and user's communication protocol comprises the agreement position of selecting to arrange the Voltage-output pattern, can form such as 8 economize on electricity cores: 8 joint series connection, 4 strings 2 are also, 4 and 2 strings, 8 joints are in parallel.By the combination of communication protocol position, distinguish above-mentioned voltage array output pattern.00 represent 8 joint series connection, 01 represent 4 strings 2 also, 10 represent 4 and 2 strings, 11 and represents 8 and save parallel connection.After receiving user's software command, can implement combination, make battery have 4 kinds of selectable voltage outputs.The Default Value pattern is default mode, does not receive software command, according to the setting output voltage that dispatches from the factory.
The agreement position of the output mode that receives when the last time is: 01, and represent 4 and go here and there 2 also.Microcontroller is by digital I/O pin control signal Ck2, Ck3 output high level, Ck1 output low level, then single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) pipe K11, K12, K21, K22, K31, K32, K41, K42, K51, K52, K61, K62, K71, k72, K81, k82, K9, K10 are respectively in node f11, f12, f21, f22, f31, f32, f41, f42, f51, f52, f61, f62, f71, f72, f81, f82, K92, K101 conducting.Realize single battery core 4 strings 2 Voltage-output mode also.
The agreement position of the output mode that receives when the last time is: 10, and represent 2 and go here and there 4 also.Microcontroller is by digital I/O pin control signal Ck2, Ck3 output low level, Ck1 output low level, then single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) pipe K11, K12, K21, K22, K31, K32, K41, K42, K51, K52, K61, K62, K71, k72, K81, k82, K9, K10 are respectively in node f11, f12, f21, f22, f31, f32, f41, f42, f51, f52, f61, f62, f71, f72, f81, f82, K91, K102 conducting.Realize single battery core 2 strings 4 Voltage-output mode also.
K11 among Fig. 6, K12, K21, K22, K31, K32, K41, K42, K51, K52, K61, K62, K71, k72, K81, k82, K9, K10 are the single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) pipes, be replaced with the switching devices such as photo-electric control device, field effect transistor, relay, also can realize above-mentioned function.The closing of single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) pipe, open-minded is subjected to the control of microcontroller fully, selects concrete connection in series-parallel compound mode.
Take 8 economize on electricity cores as example, but in other embodiments, be not limited in the lithium secondary battery of 8 economize on electricity cores in this enforcement.In other embodiments, the battery core quantity of lithium secondary battery can be arbitrarily.For the lithium secondary battery of more battery cores, implementation is the same, just expand respectively communication protocol and comprised the agreement position of selecting to arrange the Voltage-output pattern, and the number of combinations of switching tube.In the application of lithium secondary battery, more commonly used from 4 economize on electricity core to 24 economize on electricity cores at present.Can form such as 24 economize on electricity cores: 12 strings 2 also, 8 strings 3 also, 6 strings 4 also, 4 strings 6 also, 3 strings 8 also, 2 strings 12 also.By the expansion of communication protocol position, distinguish above-mentioned voltage array output pattern, as: 000 represent 12 strings 2 also, 001 represent 8 strings 3 also, 010 represent 6 strings 4 also, 011 represent and 4 goes here and there 6 also, 100 represents and 3 go here and there 8 also, 101 represent 2 and go here and there 12 also.After receiving user's software command, microcontroller can be implemented combination, makes battery have 6 kinds of selectable voltage outputs.The Default Value pattern is default mode, does not receive software command, according to the setting output voltage that dispatches from the factory.
The connection in series-parallel compound mode that 24 economize on electricity cores form can increase corresponding switching tube quantity.K11, the K12, K21, K22, K31, K32, K41, K42, K51, K52, K61, K62, K71, k72, K81, k82, K9, the K10 that are similar among Fig. 5 are the single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) pipes, be replaced with the switching devices such as photo-electric control device, relay, field effect transistor, also can realize above-mentioned function.
The above embodiment has only expressed several execution mode of the present invention, and it describes comparatively concrete and detailed, but can not therefore be interpreted as the restriction to claim of the present invention.Should be pointed out that for the person of ordinary skill of the art without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, can also make some distortion and improvement, these all belong to protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, the protection range of patent of the present invention should be as the criterion with claims.
Claims (9)
1. lithium secondary battery charging method, described lithium secondary battery is in series or in parallel to form by a plurality of lithium battery electric cores, it is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
A) judge whether described lithium secondary battery needs charging, in this way, carries out following step, otherwise, withdraw from;
B) disconnect being connected of other battery cores in each battery core and this battery pack, so that described battery pack becomes a plurality of independent battery cores;
C) respectively described independent battery core is carried out the adjustable constant-flow charging;
D) after all battery core chargings are finished, read configuration file that prestore, the described battery core annexation of expression, according to described configuration file described single battery core is connected to form battery pack.
2. lithium secondary battery charging method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, each battery core is connected with other battery cores in the described battery pack by at least one gate-controlled switch in the described battery pack, and the break-make of described gate-controlled switch is by microprocessor controls.
3. lithium secondary battery charging method according to claim 2 is characterized in that, described step C) further comprise the steps:
C1) whether judge battery core voltage greater than 2 volts, as less than, adopt the 0.01C constant current charge; As greater than, adopt the 1C constant current charge;
C2) whether judge described battery core voltage less than 4.1V, as less than, return step C1); Otherwise, adopt the gradually little constant current charge take conic section or the dull trailing edge of Gaussian curve as control mode.
4. lithium secondary battery charging method according to claim 3 is characterized in that, described step C) further comprise the steps:
C3) measure respectively the capacity of described single battery core, judge whether it is full of, in this way, carry out next step, otherwise, return step C1);
C4) judge whether all battery cores all are full of in the described lithium secondary battery, in this way, execution in step D); Otherwise, return step C1).
5. lithium secondary battery charging method according to claim 4 is characterized in that, described step D) in further comprise the steps:
D1) read and be stored in advance configuration file in the memory or that come by microcontroller communication bus transmission;
D2) microcontroller is exported control signal according to the content of described configuration file at different outputs, so that connect accordingly gate-controlled switch conducting or cut-off between the battery core.
6. lithium secondary battery charging device, described lithium secondary battery is in series or in parallel to form by a plurality of lithium battery electric cores, it is characterized in that, and described device comprises:
Battery capacity detects judge module: be used for judging whether described lithium secondary battery needs charging;
Battery core partition module: be used for disconnecting being connected of each battery core and these other battery cores of battery pack, so that described battery pack becomes a plurality of independent battery cores;
Adjustable constant-flow charging module: respectively described independent battery core is carried out the adjustable constant-flow charging;
Battery core composite module: after all battery core chargings are finished, read the configuration file that the described battery core of expression forms the annexation of battery pack, according to described configuration file described single battery core is connected to form battery pack.
7. lithium secondary battery charging device according to claim 6 is characterized in that, described adjustable constant-flow charging module further comprises:
Battery core voltage judging unit: be used for judging that whether battery core voltage is greater than 2 volts;
Battery core charged state judging unit: be used for judging that whether battery core voltage is less than 4.1 volts;
Constant current charge unit: be used for the output according to described battery core voltage and battery core charged state judging unit, adopt respectively 0.01C constant current charge or 1C constant current charge or the gradually little constant current charge mode take conic section or the dull trailing edge of Gaussian curve as control mode to charge as described battery core.
8. lithium secondary battery charging device according to claim 7 is characterized in that, described battery core composite module further comprises:
Configuration file is obtained the unit: be used for reading and be stored in advance configuration file memory or that come by the transmission of microcontroller communication bus;
Dispensing unit: be used for the content according to described configuration file, export control signal at different microcontroller outputs, so that connect accordingly gate-controlled switch conducting or cut-off between the battery core.
9. lithium secondary battery charging device according to claim 8 is characterized in that, described battery capacity detects judge module and further comprises:
Battery pack current measuring unit: be used for measuring respectively voltage or the electric current of described battery pack, obtain the residual capacity of described battery pack, judge whether described battery pack needs charging.
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| JP2012005160A (en) * | 2010-06-14 | 2012-01-05 | Hitachi Ltd | Charge/discharge circuit and built-in controller |
| CN102624054A (en) * | 2012-03-26 | 2012-08-01 | 北京物资学院 | Charging device and method with adjustable output current in constant current charging stage |
| WO2014185217A1 (en) | 2013-05-13 | 2014-11-20 | 三菱エンジニアリングプラスチックス株式会社 | Resin composition for laser direct structuring use, resin molded article, and method for producing resin molded article having plated layer attached thereto |
| CN105703447B (en) * | 2016-04-15 | 2019-09-03 | 周衍 | The direct balance charging method of rechargeable battery set |
| CN109245218A (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2019-01-18 | 温良桂 | A kind of new energy central control system |
| CN112968226A (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2021-06-15 | 河南克能新能源科技有限公司 | Capacity restoration method for laggard single-cell battery pack |
| CN115642325A (en) * | 2021-07-20 | 2023-01-24 | Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 | Battery charging method and circuit, multi-cell battery, terminal equipment and electronic equipment |
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